Research The Following

Divine Word College of Bangued
Bangued, Abra
School of Arts, Sciences and Education
Palangi, Genesis B.
BSED 3 (Major in Science)
Cell and Molecular Biology
Research on the following:
1. What is Cell and Molecular Biology?
 Molecular Biology is the study of the composition, structure and interactions of cellular
molecules – such as nucleic acids and proteins.
 Genetics is concerned with the study of genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. Histology
is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues.
 Cell and Molecular Biology encompasses study of the structure and function of organisms and
biological processes at the level of cells, and the macromolecules that define them (DNA, RNA,
proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates).
Source:
https://uwm.edu/biology/research/cell-and-molecular-biology/#:~:text=Cell%20and
%20Molecular%20Biology%20encompasses,%2C%20lipids%2C%20and%20carbohydrates).
https://www.elgalabwater.com/molecular-biology?
msclkid=f2fd3bb0a8e1190d4ffc589992fb256e
2. What are the branches of Cell and Molecular Biology?
 Cytotaxonomy (Cytology and Taxonomy).

 Each plant and animal species have a definite number of chromosomes in its cells and
the chromosomes of the individuals of a species resemble closely with one another in
shape and size.
 These characteristics of the chromosomes help a taxonomist in determining the
taxonomical position of a species.
 Further, cell biology furnishes strong support to the manner of origin of certain
taxonomic units.
 Therefore, the cytotaxonomy can be defined as a cytological science which provides
cytological support to the taxonomic position of any species.
 Cytogenetics (Cytology and Genetics).
 Cytogenetics is that branch of cell biology which is concerned with the cytological and
molecular bases of heredity, variation, mutation, phylogeny, morphogenesis and
evolution of organisms.
 The Weismann’s germ plasm theory, Mendel’s laws of inheritance and the concept of
gene could be well understood only after the application of cytological concept to the
genetics.
 Cell Physiology (Cytology and Physiology).
Bangued, Abra
 The cell physiology is the study of life activities, viz., nutrition, metabolism, excitability,
growth, reproduction or cell division and differentiation of the cell. The cell physiology
has helped in understanding various complicated physiological activities at cellular
level.
 Cytochemistry (Cytology and Biochemistry).
 The cytochemistry is that branch of cytology which deals with the chemical and
physico-chemical analysis of living matter.
 For example, the cytochemical analysis has revealed the presence of carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and other organic and inorganic chemical compounds in
the cells.
 Cytopathology (Cytology and Pathology).
 The application of molecular biology to pathological science has helped in
understanding various human diseases at molecular level.
 Because most diseases are caused due to disorder of genetic codes in DNA molecule
which alter the synthetic process of enzymes and ultimately disturb metabolic activities
of the cell.
 Cytoecology (Cytology and Ecology).
 The cytoecology is the science in which one studies the effects of ecological changes
on the chromosome number of the cell.
 The cytological studies on plants and animals have revealed that the ecological habitat
and geographical distribution have the correlation with chromosome numbers.
Source:
https://biolearnspot.blogspot.com/2013/12/branches-of-cell-biology.html
3. What is its scope?

 Cell signalling (signalling networks, ion channels, gap junctions)
 Membrane dynamics (membrane organization, endocytosis, exocytosis, organelle
biogenesis)
 Cell adhesion (adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix)
 Cytoskeletal dynamics (cell motility, molecular motors, actin, microtubules, intermediate
filaments)
 Developmental and stem cell biology
 Cell growth and division (cell cycle, cytokinesis, cancer)
 Cell death (apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, ageing)
 Cellular microbiology (host–pathogen interactions)
 Plant cell biology
 Gene expression (transcription, splicing, RNA stability, translation, RNA interference,
circadian rhythms)
 Nucleic-acid metabolism (DNA repair, recombination and replication, RNA biogenesis)
Bangued, Abra
 Chromosome biology and nuclear architecture (chromatin, chromosome structure,

transposons)
 Nuclear transport (import and export of molecules to and from the nucleus)
 Protein structure and metabolism (structure-function relationships, quality control, post-
translational modifications, folding, translocation, degradation)
 Bioenergetics (respiration, photosynthesis, organelle biochemistry)
 Technology and techniques (imaging, proteomics, systems biology, bioinformatics)
Source:
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol)
https://www.nature.com/nrm/aims
4. What are the uses, purposes and importance of studying Cell and Molecular Biology?
 Uses
 Molecular and cell biologists’ study molecular aspects of various cellular structures
and processes.
 Their work can vary from finding cures to various diseases to developing
therapeutic drugs to working on stem cell research and many other areas within
the medical development field.
Source:
https://tme.uconn.edu/explore-majors/profiles/mcb/#:~:text=Molecular%20and
%20cell%20biologists%20study,within%20the%20medical%20development
%20field.
 Purpose
 Molecular biology is the branch of biology that studies the molecular basis of
biological activity.
 Living things are made of chemicals just as non-living things are, so a molecular
biologist studies how molecules interact with one another in living organisms to
perform the functions of life.
Source:
https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/ask-a-scientist/what-is-molecular-biology/
 Importance
 By understanding how cells work in healthy and diseased states, cell biologists
working in animal, plant and medical science will be able to develop new vaccines,
more effective medicines, plants with improved qualities and through increased
knowledge a better understanding of how all living things live.
Bangued, Abra
Source:
https://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/why-cell-biology-is-so-
important/

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Divine Word College of Bangued

2. What are the branches of Cell and Molecular Biology?

 Cytotaxonomy (Cytology and Taxonomy).

3. What is its scope?

 Chromosome biology and nuclear architecture (chromatin, chromosome structure,

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