ENGINE – 1UR-FSE ENGINE EG-1

FUEL SYSTEM

1. General
• The 1UR-FSE engine adopts a D-4S (Direct injection 4-stroke gasoline engine Superior version)
system which has both direct and port types of injectors. This system optimally controls the injectors
for direct injection and port injection according to engine load. The system achieves improved engine
performance, fuel economy, and clean emissions.
• A fuel returnless system, which controls the fuel pressure for the low pressure part of the fuel system using
a pressure regulator installed in the fuel tank, is used. However, the unused fuel from the high-pressure
fuel pump and the fuel from the relief valve return to the fuel tank.
• A fuel cut control is used to stop the fuel pump (for low pressure) when an SRS airbag is deployed in a
EG
frontal, side, or rear side collision. For details, see page EG-97.
• In order to ensure excellent serviceability, quick connectors are used to connect the fuel pipe to the
fuel hose.
• High-pressure injectors with double slit nozzles are used for direct injection.
• An evaporative emission control system is used. For details, see page EG-104.

Fuel Pumps
(For High Pressure) Fuel Tank

Delivery Pipes
(For Port Injection)

Canister

Fuel Pump
Quick Connectors (For Low Pressure)

Injectors
(For Port Injection) Injectors (For Direct Injection)
Delivery Pipes (For Direct Injection)
036EG09TE
EG-2 ENGINE – 1UR-FSE

2. D-4S (Direct injection 4-stroke gasoline engine Superior version) System

General
• The D-4S system is based on two types of fuel injection systems: the direct injection system and the
port injection system. Fuel sent from the fuel tank is delivered to the low-pressure and high-pressure
fuel systems. The fuel delivered to the low-pressure fuel system is injected from the injectors (for
port injection) to the intake ports. The fuel delivered to the high-pressure fuel system is pressurized
by the high-pressure fuel pumps and injected from the injectors (for direct injection) to the
combustion chambers.
• The direct injection system mainly consists of the fuel pumps (for high pressure), delivery pipes (for
direct injection), and injectors (for direct injection). In this system, the ECM controls the high
pressure fuel pumps and direct injection injectors via the injector drivers (EDUs : Electronic Driver
Units) based on signals from various sensors, thus optimally controlling fuel pressure, injection volume,
and injection timing.
• The port injection system mainly consists of the fuel pump (for low pressure), delivery pipes (for port
injection), and injectors (for port injection). In this system, the ECM controls the port injection
injectors based on signals from various sensors, thus optimally controlling injection volume and
timing.

System Diagram

Mass Air Flow Meters

ECM
Throttle Position Sensor
Crankshaft Position Sensor
Injector Driver Injector Driver
(EDU) (EDU) Engine Coolant Temp.
(For LH Bank) (For RH Bank)
Sensor Intake Air Temp.
Sensor

Delivery Pipes (For Port Injection)

#1 #1 #2 #2
#3 #3 #4 #4
#5 #5 #6 #6
Injectors LH #7 #7 #8 #8 Injectors RH
(For Direct Injectors (For Direct
Injection) (For Port Injection) Injection)
Spill Control Delivery
Fuel Pressure Valve
Sensor Pulsation Relief Pipe RH
Dampers (For Direct
Valve Injection)
Delivery Spill Control
Pipe LH Valve
(For Direct
Injection)
Check Valve Check Valve
Fuel Pump LH Fuel Pump RH
(For High Pressure) Jet Pump (For High Pressure)

Pump Cam LH Pump Cam RH

Fuel Filter (Intake Camshaft)
(Intake Camshaft)
Reservoir
Cup : Low-Pressure Fuel System

: High-Pressure Fuel System

F u el
 ENGINE – 1UR-FSE ENGINE EG-3

Fuel Main Valve Fuel Pump Pressure Regulator

(For Low Pressure) 036EG10TE
EG-4 ENGINE – 1UR-FSE

Construction and Operation

1) Fuel Pump (For Low Pressure)

• A fuel pump (for low pressure) that has an integrated fuel filter and sender gauge is used.
• The low-pressure fuel pump is located in the fuel tank. This pump pressurizes fuel to 400 kPa in
order to send the fuel from the fuel tank to the high- and low-pressure fuel systems.
• A low-current fuel pump is used to minimize power consumption and improve fuel economy.

EG
Fuel Filter

Fuel Pump

Suction Filter

Jet Pump Reservoir

Fuel Main Valve Cup

Pressure Sender
Regulator Gauge

036EG11TE

Low-Pressure Fuel System Diagram

Injectors

: Low-Pressure Fuel System

To High-Pressure
Fuel System
Delivery Delivery
Pipe LH Pipe RH

Fuel Tank

Fuel Pump

Fuel Filter
Pressure Regulator

Fuel Main Valve Suction Filter

036EG12TE
 ENGINE – 1UR-FSE ENGINE EG-5

2) Fuel Pump (For High Pressure)

a. Construction
The fuel pump consists of a plunger, spill control valve, and check valve. A pulsation damper is also
installed at the fuel inlet. It pressurizes the fuel that is sent by the low-pressure fuel pump to a
pressure ranging from 4 to 13 MPa, and sends it to the high-pressure delivery pipe.
• A pump cam that is fitted on the intake camshaft moves the plunger vertically. This pump cam
has an oval shape, allowing the plunger to make two strokes for every revolution of the camshaft.
• A spill control valve is used to control the pump discharge pressure. The spill control valve is located
in the inlet passage of the pump. It is electrically opened and closed by the injector driver (EDU),
based on instructions from the ECM.
• A check valve is present in the outlet of the pump. As the pressure in the outlet of the pump rises,
and becomes high enough to push the check valve off its seat, fuel will begin to flow to the
delivery pipe (minimum pressure to open the check valve is 60 kPa).
Spill Control Valve
Pulsation
Damper

To Delivery Pipe
(For Direct Injection)

To Fuel Tank From Fuel Pump

(Fuel Tank)
Plunger 036EG13TE

High-Pressure Fuel System Diagram

: Low-Pressure Fuel System

Injectors Injectors
: High-Pressure Fuel System
Delivery
Pipe RH
Delivery Pipe LH

To Low-Pressure
Fuel System
Spill Control Relief Valve
Valve
Spill Control
Pulsation Valve
Dampers

Fuel Tank Fuel

Filter
Fuel Pump
Fuel Pump
LH (For High RH (For High
Pressure) Pressure)
Pump Cam
Fuel Main Fuel Pump Pressure Pump Cam LH RH (Intake
Valve (For Low Pressure) Regulator (Intake Camshaft) Camshaft)
036EG14TE
EG-6 ENGINE – 1UR-FSE

b. Operation
During the intake portion of the pump cycle, the spill control valve is opened, and the pump plunger
(piston) is moved downward by a spring force. This allows fuel to be drawn in to the cylinder of the
pump. If the spill control valve has not been closed yet, when the cam forces the plunger to move
upward, the fuel in the pump cylinder (this fuel is not pressurized) will be pushed back to the pump inlet
(fuel tank side).
In order to close the spill control valve as the piston is moving upward, the ECM sends a signal to
the valve via the injector driver (EDU). When the spill control valve is closed, and the plunger is
moving upward, the pressure in the pump cylinder will rise. As this pressure rises above 60 kPa (or
the pressure of the delivery pipe, whichever is higher), the fuel will begin to flow to the delivery
pipe. The ECM
calculates the target fuel pressure based on driving conditions. The ECM controls the pressure by
operating the spill control valve via the injector driver (EDU). The timing and duration of the spill EG
control valve closing is varied to cause the pump pressure to meet the target pressure.

[Suction] [Inactive] [Pressure Rise]

Plunger Lift

Solenoid (Valve (Valve Open) (Valve

Closed) Closed)
Spill Valve

Valve Closing Valve Closing

Timing Control Timing Control

Spill Control Valve

Fuel Inlet
Check Valve
(60 kPa)
From Return
Fuel
Tank Plunger To
Delivery
Pipe
Pump Cam
(Intake Camshaft)

[Suction] [Inactive] [Pressure Increase]

036EG15TE
 ENGINE – 1UR-FSE ENGINE EG-7

3) Delivery Pipe (For Port Injection)

• Stamped steel delivery pipes are used (for port injection) to deliver low-pressure fuel to the fuel
injectors (for port injection).
• An inner pipe inside the delivery pipe is used to absorb fuel pulsations. This eliminates the use of
the pulsation damper provided on conventional models, making the fuel system more compact and
lightweight. When fuel pulsates, the shape of the inner pipe changes with the pulsation, thus changing
the internal capacity of the delivery pipe. This change in capacity absorbs the fuel pulsations.
• The wiring harnesses that connect to the injectors (for port injection) are combined into a single strand
at each bank. Furthermore, they connect to the ECM at a single connector for improved
serviceability.

Fuel
(From Fuel Tank)

Wiring Harness

A
Coupling Fuel Pipe

A
Connectors

Wiring Harness
Delivery Pipes Injectors
(For Port Injection) (For Port Injection)

Inner Pipe
(For Absorbing Pulsation)
Inner Pipe

Fuel

A – A Cross Section
(Delivery Pipe)
036EG16TE
EG-8 ENGINE – 1UR-FSE

4) Delivery Pipe (For Direct Injection)

• Aluminum alloy fuel delivery pipes (for direct injection) are used for delivering high-pressure fuel
to the injectors (for direct injection).
• A fuel pressure sensor and a relief valve are installed on the fuel delivery pipe.
• An injector clamp is provided for each area of the fuel delivery pipe where a high-pressure fuel injector
is installed. This clamp applies a constant spring force to the injector to prevent the injector from
moving when the combustion pressure is applied to the injector while the engine is being started,
during which the fuel pressure is low. As a result, it increases the sealing performance of the
injector, while reducing vibration and noise.
• A O-ring and backup rings are used in the areas in which the high-pressure fuel injectors and
high-pressure fuel delivery pipes are joined. This reduces the transmission of the operating sounds EG
of
the high-pressure fuel injectors, enhances quiet operation, and ensures the sealing performance of
the joined areas.

Fuel Pipe Backup Rings

To Fuel Pump RH Backup Rings

(For High Pressure)
E-ring
Delivery Pipe RH O-ring O-ring
(For Direct Injection) Gasket
Relief Fuel Union Fuel Pipe
Valve

Fuel Pipe
Fuel Union
To Fuel
Fuel Pressure Pump LH
Sensor (For High
Gasket Pressure)

Injector Clamps
Delivery Pipe LH
(For Direct Injection)
Injectors
(For Direct Injection)
036EG17TE

Service Tip
The backup rings are provided to securely support the rubber O-ring which is exposed to high fuel pressure. Durin
 ENGINE – 1UR-FSE ENGINE EG-9

5) Fuel Pressure Sensor

The fuel pressure sensor, which is mounted on the delivery pipe, outputs a signal to the ECM that
represents the fuel pressure in the delivery pipe in order to allow the constant regulation of the fuel at
an optimal pressure.

[V]
High

Voltage

Low

Low High [MPa]

Pressure
036EG18TE

6) Relief Valve

A relief valve is provided in the fuel delivery pipe. When the fuel pressure in the fuel delivery pipe rises
above (15.3 MPa), the relief valve limits the pressure by returning fuel to the fuel tank.

From Delivery Pipe

(For Direct Injection) To Fuel Tank

Cross Section 036EG19S

7) Injector (For Port Injection)

Compact and lightweight 12-hole type injectors are used as fuel injectors for port injection.

View from Bottom Side

Cross Section 036EG20TE

EG- ENGINE – 1UR-FSE

8) Injector (For Direct Injection)

Double slit-nozzle type injectors which have two slit-shaped injection orifices are used as fuel
injectors for direct injection.
• Each injector, based on signals from the ECM, meters the flow of high pressure fuel. The fuel is
injected directly to the combustion chamber as a fine-atomized mist in a fan shaped pattern via a
slit type nozzle.
• An insulator is used in the area where the injector contacts the cylinder head, and Teflon shaft
seals are used to seal the injector against the combustion pressure in the cylinder. This is done in
order to reduce vibration and noise and to enhance sealing performance.
• Each nozzle tip is coated to reduce the adhesion of deposits.
EG
• Each injector is actuated by the injector drivers (EDUs). Based on signals received from the ECM,
the injector drivers (EDUs) apply an initial high voltage of 50 V and high current of 9.7 A to the
injectors in order to open the needle valves quickly. Once the injectors are open, the injector
drivers (EDUs) apply a constant voltage of 12 V and current of 2 A, in order to maintain the open
state efficiently. This control allows the injectors to inject high-pressure fuel in a short amount of
time.

Needle Valve Injection Nozzle

Teflon Shaft Seals
View from Bottom Side
Cylinder Head
Cross Section
Cross Sectional
Insulator
036EG21TE

9) Injector Driver (EDU)

• The 1UR-FSE engine is provided with two injector drivers (EDUs : Electronic Driver Units) to control
the injectors. One injector driver (EDU) controls the injectors (for direct injection) of the number
1, 4, 6, and 7 cylinders and the fuel pump spill control valve (for high pressure) on the left bank. The
other injector driver (EDU) controls the injectors (for direct injection) of the number 2, 3, 5, and 8
cylinders and the fuel pump spill control valve (for high pressure) on the right bank.
• The use of a DC/ DC converter that converts 12 V into 50 V enables the injector drivers (EDUs) to
operate the fuel injectors under high-pressure conditions. The DC/ DC converter provides the injector
drivers (EDUs) with a high-voltage, quick-charging system (the “quick-charging system” refers to the
ability of the injector drivers (EDUs) to “recharge” their internal high-voltage power source).
• The ECM constantly monitors the injector drivers (EDUs) and stops the engine in the event an
abnormal condition is detected.
 ENGINE – 1UR-FSE ENGINE EG-11

3. Fuel Tank

General
• A fuel tank made of steel is used.
• The fuel tank adopts a saddle shape to allow the propeller shaft to pass under the center portion of the
tank. Also, a jet pump is used to transfer the fuel from the side of the tank without the fuel pump to
the side with the fuel pump.
Service Tip
Drain marks have been provided at the lowest position of the fuel tank. When dismantling (scraping) the vehicle, drain f
Drain Marks

036EG69TE

Jet Pump
A jet pump is used in the fuel tank. The propeller shaft is located below the raised center of the bottom
of the fuel tank. The fuel tank is shaped as indicated below.
A fuel tank with such a shape tends to cause fuel to be present in both chamber A and chamber B when
the fuel level is low. This stops the fuel in chamber B from being pumped out. To prevent this from
occurring, a jet pump has been provided to transfer the fuel from chamber B to chamber A.
This is accomplished by utilizing the flow of the fuel through the jet pump, so that the pressure
difference created by the fuel as it passes through the venturi, is used to suck the fuel out of chamber B
and send it to chamber A.
From
Fuel Main Valve
Engine
Jet Pump Fuel Pump

Fuel Tank Fuel Filter

From
Chamber B To Chamber A
Chamber Chamber A
Fuel Main (Reservoir Cup)
B Suction Filter
Valve Jet Pump
036EG70TE
036EG39TE
EG- ENGINE – 1UR-FSE

Fuel Returnless System (For Low Pressure Side)

This fuel returnless system is used to reduce evaporative emissions. As shown below, if the fuel filter,
pressure regulator are integrated with the fuel pump assembly, it possible to discontinue the return of
fuel from the engine area and reduce the consequent temperature rise inside the fuel tank.

Injectors
(For Port Injection)

Delivery Pipes
(For Port Injection) EG

High-Pressure
Fuel Side

Fuel Tank

Fuel Filter

Fuel Main Pressure Regulator

Valve Fuel Pump
036EG45TE