Generals Group Final Thesis

Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

Nabua, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN OFFICE

ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS IN STENOGRAPHY
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of Instruction
College of Business Management
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree of
CAPISTRANO, ANGELA F.
FULGENCIO, MARGIE T.
GENERAL, JOMEL B.
LUCEÑA, MARY GRACE
NARDO, RAYMUND P.
FEBRUARY 2021

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Stenography is likely one of the most identifiable action or a process of
recording the spoken words through writing in shorthand and using a stenotype
machine. A manual or writing shorthand is a method of writing rapidly by
substituting characters, abbreviations or symbols for letters, sounds words or
phrases. It provides a rapid or abbreviated communication and representation.
Machine shorthand is also a common term for writing produced by a stenotype, a
specialized keyboard.
There are a lot of opportunities for those stenographers and secretaries’
even journalists and court reporters that can use pen to take notes at high
speeds and later on they convert their notes from shorthand to text. It is the
reason why they said that shorthand is a convenient tool; it is also valuable for
personal use tools. But for you to become a good stenographer, it requires good
proficiency in typing shorthand and knowledge in English grammar, vocabulary,
spelling and punctuation, it is the basic skills in Stenography. Stenographers are
expected to type from 40-55 words per minute accurately and to take dictation at
110 words per minute. They should also know the basic arithmetic, calculations

involving functions decimals and percentage. (Louis A. Leslie and Charles E.
Zoubek 2001).
To be fully equipped in a larger arena of skilled individuals, it is a must that
students receive the kind of education that will enrich their knowledge, enhance
and sharpen their skills. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, Article 14,
Section 12 (Education) provides that the state shall protect and promote the
right of citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps
to make education accessible to all. It means that all citizens have the right to a
quality education and acquire trainings as education serves as a tool for nation
building, young learners are expected to perform at a higher level for the
fulfillment of their dreams.
The Board of Trustees of the Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges in a
meeting assembled on February 17, 1998 held at the President’s Office, CSPC,
Nabua, Camarines Sur has approved the following Resolution which states in
whole as follows: Resolution No. 4, s. 1998, on motion of President Sena, duly
seconded by Trustee Duran approved that the BSOA and other courses be
strengthened and graduates thereof must be of high quality.
Considering that Stenography is one among the major specializations of
the course in Bachelor of Science in Office Administration, majority of the
students find difficulty in coping with the course. The adjoining of strokes and

shortening of words tend to exert great deal of efforts in further studying. As a
matter of fact, the subject triggers tension and anxiety among Bachelor of
Science in Office Administration students. (Echipare, Fabellar, Felicia (2019).
As a pursuant of the College of Business Management (CBM) proved the
efficiencies of stenography to BSOA students. This can result in the aspect of
individual’s analysis and capabilities. The program trains students to be flexible to
carry the clerical, administrative, and managerial task. The completion of four-
year course entitles a student a degree which will qualify in higher positions.
With the underlying facts cited, the researchers feel the need to focus their
study on the challenges encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office
Administration students in Stenography in Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
in order to determine the extent of skills possessed by the students in Manual
Shorthand and Machine Shorthand and to know and learn the factors that affect
their performance in studying Stenography. In this way, the researchers can be
able to give suggestions and recommendations to address those challenges
encountered in preparation for job employment in the near future and career
growth and development.


2
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the Challenges Encountered of Bachelor of
Science in Office Administration Students in Stenography.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
students in Stenography?
2. What are the Stenography skills possessed by Bachelor of Science in
Office Administration students along:
a. Manual Shorthand
b. Machine Shorthand
3. What are the challenges encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office
Administration students in Stenography along:
a. Manual Shorthand
4. How significant is the relationship between the Stenography skills and the
challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography?
5. What recommendations can be proposed to address the challenges
encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration students in
Stenography?

3
Assumptions of the Study
This study will be guided by the following assumptions that:
1. The profile of the BSOA students in Stenography varies the age, sex, civil
status and year level.
2. The Stenography skills possessed by BSOA Students along Manual
Shorthand and Machine Shorthand varies.
3. There are challenges encountered by the respondents in Stenography
along Manual Shorthand and Machine Shorthand.
4. Recommendations can be proposed to address the challenges
encountered of BSOA students in Stenography.
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the Stenography skills of
BSOA students and the challenges encountered in Stenography.
Significance of the Study
The researchers believe that the outcome of this study will be beneficial
and valuable to the following:


4
BSOA Students. This study will aid the students to enhance their level of
performance in stenography not only as Office Administration graduates but as
office professionals in the making.
BSOA Faculty. On the part of the faculty, the findings of this study will
serve as a point of reference in determining the weaknesses of the students
along stenography. This can also be a basis in proving remedial measures and
strategic activities that will further enhance the performance of the students in
taking stenography.
BSOA Chairperson/Program Chair. This will help the area chairperson
in improving the curriculum. The chairperson will be guided on how to develop
their student and motivate them. Through this study, it can default the motivation
plan and highlighting the improvement of the said course more specifically in
stenography subjects. This study will surely differ the asset of one’s individuality.
This study will provide the office administration with necessary information on the
actual scenario, which can be the basis of the development of the students in
stenography.
College of Business Management. This study will help the department in
evaluating the challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography so that


5
the department will give some advice or program to enhance the skills of the
student in both Manual and Machine Shorthand.
Researchers. This study will improve the performance ability of the
researchers in line with their field of specialization. They will provide knowledge
and strategies in development of the particular field in stenography.
Future researchers. This will serve as a learning basis and guide to
those who will study and work on related field and serve as reference to the
enhancement of stenography to the Office Administration students.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study primarily focuses on the challenges encountered of BSOA
students in Stenography. It seeks to identify the profile of the respondents,
Stenography skills and the challenges encountered in Stenography along Manual
Shorthand and Machine Shorthand. At the end of this study, recommendations
shall be proposed to address the challenges encountered of BSOA students in
Stenography of Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur.
This study is delimited to second year, third year and fourth year BSOA
students who are officially enrolled in Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges.


6
Thus, this study was anchored of the Vice President for Academic Affairs
wherein the following considerations should be observed.
a. 3-5 members per group

b. 30-50 respondents for Quantitative studies and 5-10 for Qualitative
studies. Students for CSPC personnel are suggested to be the
respondents to prevent face to face contact with possible Covid-
infected patients and for easy retrieval of questionnaires.
c. Recommended type of research can be action research/ Business
Project Feasibility Study.
d. Title and final defense will be through online. To facilitate its conduct,
for Title Defense, the manuscript can be uploaded through Google
Drive. A Title Defense Checklist should be submitted to the panel
members one week before the schedule.
e. Online distribution of Questionnaire through Google Form or other
platforms except for CBM-BSHM.
f. Students should wear the school uniform during defense.
g. The payment remains for adviser, editor, statistician, panel members
and consultant.
h. For COE, the project study with prototype or thesis can be replaced by
Project Study for BSCE and BSME and Project Study (with simulation)
for BSEE and BSECE, if necessary.
i. For CBM-BSHM, Business Project Feasibility Study and product
testing can be done in the neighborhood with strict observance to
health protocols (use of face mask, face shield, hand washing) and
social distancing.

7
Definition of Terms
For the purposes of clarity and better understanding of the terms
used in this study, the following words are defined conceptually or operationally.
Challenges Encountered is the difficulties or problems in performing a
task. In this study, challenges encountered means the difficulties encountered of
the BSOA students taking up the Stenography subject.
Stenography is operationally defined as a common basis for shorthand; it
is the method of speedy process of taking down notes and writing for an
assumption that may use symbols in the place letters, words, and phrases.
BSOA Students conceptually refers to the students of Bachelor of
Science in Office Administration.
Stenography Skills are the knowledge and abilities possessed by a
stenographer to transcription and typewriting.
Manual Shorthand is the rapid way of writing by using symbols to
represent syllables or complete words or phrases. Leslie (1981)
Machine Shorthand is the process of making and transcribing notes
using steno machine.


NOTES
Echipare, Fabellar, Felicia, Stenography Skills of BSOA Students at

CSPC Buhi Extension Campus, (Undergraduate Thesis, Cam. Sur Polytechnic
Colleges, Buhi, Cam. Sur, 2019)
Louis A. Leslie, Charles E Zoubele A. James Lemaster Gregg Shorthand
functional Methods,Jubilee Series 2nd ed.,United States: Gregg Division,
McGraw Hill Book Company,2001.
Roman R. Dannug and Marlo B. Campanilla,Politics, Governance and

Government with Philippine Constitution, Second Edition, 2014
Deedee (2010). Shorthand- Can You Write As Fast As You Speak.

Retrieved from https://blogs.ubc.ca/etec540sept10/2010/11/03/shorthand-
%E2%80%93-can-you-write-as-fast-as-you-speak/
Definition of dictation of Collins English Dictionary Copyright©
Harper Collins Publisher https://www.collins>, Retrieved on February 16, 2019
Salcedo, M. M. (September 14, 2020).To Department Deans and Buhi

Campus Director. Memorandum 20-19. Office of the Vice-President for Academic
Affairs.

Chapter 2
THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS
This chapter presents the theoretical and conceptual framework
that will provide more ideas and learning to the present study, the review of
related literature and studies and the synthesis of the state of the art.
Review of Related Literature and Studies
The researchers considered several literature and studies that have
been previously conducted to determine the most suitable approach in
conducting the study and argument more comprehensive concepts. Here under
are several literature and studies that have been found related to this present
study. To gain more understanding on this study, a thorough reading and studies
on book, research materials, theses, and surfing the internet were conducted
which are needed in providing information for the effectiveness and reliability of
this study determining the Challenges Encountered of Bachelor of Science in
Office Administration students in Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges.
Stenography
Based on the study of James (2018), Stenography, commonly known as
shorthand, is a method of quick writing that uses symbols in place of letters,


words and phrases. It is used to make note taking easier in classes, lecture, and
business

11
meetings and especially in court hearings. It is still being used to take notes even
with the advent of personal recording devices. Learning shorthand is a
requirement for stenography, and knowing shorthand is useful in many
circumstances and jobs. Shorthand is still used today when stenography
machines are not available.
According to Court Reporter EDU (2015), Shorthand certainly is not a
new concept, and there have been countless shorthand systems developed.
Depending on the language, a shorthand system may rely on symbols, which
represent specific sounds, concepts, or letters, or it may rely on letters that have
specific meanings. Some shorthand systems are even specially coded for a
specific organization or company, thereby keeping sensitive information safe
from outsiders.
According to the article of Go Transcript (2015), Stenography and
transcription are two tricky words: they have something in common used for
similar reasons. Stenography is a form of shorthand typing done on a purpose-
built machine or writing by hand. It makes it possible to produce a simultaneous
verbatim transcript of 150 words in a minute. Transcription, on the other hand,
may take some extra time but definitely much more comprehensible and user
friendly.

12
In the article of ElizabethHipp-ehipp (2012), a stenographer is used for
real time transcription services, such as in courtroom, in academic setting for
closed captioning or other events where the transcript must be available
immediately. Stenographers can either use regular computers or special machine
that allows them to type in shorthand. They are often called on especially in
courtroom to read back what was said to help clarify dialogue for the listener.
In the literature of Aurelio Locsin (2012), court reporters most commonly
use stenography to transcribe, word-by-word, and what’s going on in a court
room, Stenotype machine which are shaped like typewriters, allow court
reporters to press multiple keys at the same time to record letter combinations
representing sounds, phrases and words. A computer-aided transcription
records, translates, and displays the result the results. In addition to transcribing
events, stenographers are responsible for creating and maintaining the computer
dictionary they use for translating keystrokes with their stenography machines
which are shaped like typewriters, allow court reports to press multiple. Keep at
the same time to record letter combinations representing sound, phrases and
words. They frequently work in court rooms, conventions and offices.
As stated by Barra (2016), regardless of their chosen careers, many
people study stenography because they recognize its usefulness in any job.

13
Stenography is commonly used by secretaries in different fields of their work. It is
one of the fundamental skills required of an administrative secretary. In the
medical field, medical transcriptionists use stenography to record information of
their patients. Court stenographers use stenography to catch up with the
testimonies during legal proceedings. Television reporters also use stenography
in obtaining complete and accurate record of the interview.
In the article of Morin M, et al. (2007), there are hundreds of people who
have taught themselves stenography with free resources online, and now use
stenography for different purposes at different purposes at different speeds. You
don’t need to reach 225 words per minute (WPM), the certified court reporter
speed in the United States.
Level of Skills
In the literature of Behav (2015), Stenography, or shorthand, is a medium
that is used to bridge regular spoken and written language. It consists of a unique
set of skills that involves various critical brain modules, including auditory,
linguistic, cognitive, mnemonic, and motor modules. Until recently, professionals
from different countries or a language background have used stenography to
record significant speeches and meetings, including the Diet records.


14
Based from the study of Kinesh Patel et al. (2012), entitled “Digital
dictation and voice transcription software enhances outpatient clinic letter
production: a crossover study” recruitment and retention of medical secretaries
has been a problem for the National Health Services (NHS) for many years. The
combination of low rates of pay with a high-pressure environment has led to
posts often being filled by temporary staff, which itself can add to difficulties in the
workplace. One of the traditional roles of secretaries has been typing
correspondence, predominantly from outpatient clinics, our department was
plagued by long delays between dictation and transcription with resultant
frustration on the part of clinicians, secretaries and patients.
According to Agapito (2009), it pointed out in their study “Skills of
Bachelor of Science in Office Administration Students Responsive to the need of
Industry”, the skills to improve the level of performances of office administration
are highly needed to determine the ability of the students in handling shorthand.
Skills in human relation, management ability, recording, filling skills, oral and
written communication skills are the skills needed by the industry since they are
the most common skills; machine and written stenography skill are skills that are
moderately needed by the industry since they are not common use in daily
business transaction.

15
According to the literature of Jenry Erickson (2013), which states the
Office Administration. Tourism Management and other courses that fall under the
entrepreneurial management courses are more inclined to women. Studies
showed that woman is better those men in terms of doing tasks aligned with
these courses. Women seem to be naturally capable than men at scheduling,
resolving conflicts, keeping people on task, and staying organized. The study of
Balang et al. (2016) which states most of the students could be able to focus on
their studies and cope with the difficulties without having problems about time
due to personal responsibilities.
In the study of Estallo et al. (2009) which is entitled “Office management
system of the Philippine National Police in Iriga City”, they stated that there is a
need to have knowledge and skills on how to operate different kinds of machines
and equipment and also know its potentials which will serve to increase the
productivity, performance level, and efficiency of the workers.
As recommended by Faustino (2009), their study “Factors Affecting the
Employability of the Bachelor Office Administration Graduates at Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua Camarines Sur”, importance should be given in
improving the skills of BSOA students through training and computer literacy and
skills in stenography must be implemented. Students must have mastery in


16
communication skills, should have enough exposure in operating modern office
equipment and they should develop self- confidence, excellent communication
skills, and ability to deal with other people can develop an attitude of being
excellence in all fields.
As cited by Briones (2009), in their study, “Office skills of the Employees
in the Local Government in Buhi, Camarines Sur”, that acquire employability,
employees must have a sufficient and a qualified educational background and
must have a pleasing personality. The employees must maintain their skills in
record management, communication skills, computer operation, bookkeeping,
typing and stenography skills. The employees must develop their skills to
become more efficient and productive. They must acquire through actual practice
and experience in which persons have opportunity to perform pressure and learn
by mistake.
Challenges Encountered
According to Afribary (2013), some of the difficulties and problems
identified include student’s lack of interest in shorthand, inadequate supply of
teaching/learning facilities, and inadequate encouragement by the teachers.
Students experience tension, inability of students to retain what they have learnt,

17
poor English language background, low vocabulary knowledge, lack of career
guidance, student’s attitude to shorthand and large class.
In the study of Pino (2011), she aimed to know the factors that would
possibly affect the speed in writing shorthand. She determined five factors that
can affect the speed in writing shorthand such as; vocabulary, writing tools,
environmental factor, teacher, time spent for practice and mental ability.
The results shows that majority of the students encounter difficulties and
problems in the learning of shorthand. The result also show that the shorthand
lecturers encounter difficulties in their teaching of shorthand. Some of the
difficulties and problems identified include student’s lack of interest in shorthand,
inadequate supply of teaching/learning facilities, and inadequate encouragement
by the teachers. (Project Championz, 2017).
Briones, et al. (2012) a study conduct by Turiok, et al. entitled “The
Stenographical Difficulties of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students of Partido State University, had found out that the difficulties met by the
male and female respondents in stenography were memorizing the different rule
and principles in combining or joining the word in shorthand and they were lack
of mastery in steno alphabet and resulted to have poor writing the different
strokes of words. These result revealed the fact that both male and female

18
respondents had the same difficulties and the same indicates that they need
more practice in reading to improve and achieved the highest level based from
the responses given by the respondents.
In the study of Agnas et al (2018), the challenges encountered in terms of
dictation is moderately encountered. These are the inability to take dictation as
rapidly as the dictator gives it, change immediately or make correction during
dictation as well as unable to recall to use brief forms and derivatives while
writing dictation. On the other hand, along transcription, the challenges
encountered are unfamiliar with the steno alphabet letters, brief forms, phrases
and abbreviation and slowness and inaccuracy in reading the transcribed words.
As pointed out by Nabor et al (2014), in their study on “Stenography Skills
of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration Students in Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua. Camarines Sur”, one of the problems encountered
by Office Administration Students is the factor which affects in developing their
Stenography Skills in terms of Manual and Machine Shorthand. Some of those
factors are: lack of technique to transcribe shorthand strokes, unable to take
dictation completely, and unable to read dictated data: wherein most students
occasionally encountered these factors. In terms of Machine Shorthand, lack of
experience in handling steno machine, difficulties with the use of steno machine,

19
and different stenographic strokes, unable to read transcription, and instructors
who are unable to assist all students for individual instruction which are also
occasionally encountered by the students.
Bron, Delgado and Tubiron (2008) on their study of “The Shorthand
Skills of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration in Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges” reveals that the laboratory materials were not really
enough to accommodate of the students in the laboratory. Sometimes, some of
the machines are not functioning.
Synthesis of the State of the Art
This section explains the relevance of the reviewed studies to the
present study. Similarities and differences in their perspective areas of concern
are herein expounded.
James (2018), Barra (2016), ElizabethHipp-ehipp (2012), Aurelio Locsin
(2012) and Morin M, et al (2007) are related to the present study because it
tackled the usefulness of Stenography in any job, commonly used by secretaries
and court reporters in different fields of their work such us during lecture,
business meetings, court hearings as well as in the medical field to record the
information of their patients. Only that the present study focuses on the
challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography.


20
The study of Kinesh Patel et al. (2012), Agapito (2009), Estallo et al
(2009), Faustino (2009) and Briones (2009) has relevance to the present study
since both are focusing on the office skills, secretarial duties, digital dictation and
voice transcription and the needed skills and knowledge of the Bachelor of
Science in Office Administration students to improve their competency level.
However, it differs because the former study focused on the skills needed by the
students in shorthand while the present study focuses on the Challenges
Agnas et al (2018), Nabor et al (2014), Afribary (2013), Briones et al
(2012), Bron, Delgado and Tubiron (2008), Pino (2011), and Project Championz
(2017) perceptions are related to the present study because it tackled the
difficulties encountered by the students in dictation, transcription and combining
or joining words in shorthand as well as it revealed that laboratory materials are
not really enough to a 1:1 ratio. Only that, it differs from the previous study
because the present study focuses on the Challenges encountered of BSOA
students in Stenography.
Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework of this study was anchored in the theory of Self-
Efficacy by Albert Bandura (1977), as shown in Figure 1.


21
According to Bandura, self-efficacy is a person’s particular set of beliefs
that determine how well one can execute a plan of action in prospective
situations. To put it in more simple terms, Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s
effectiveness in performing specific tasks. BSOA students must believe in their
own knowledge and skills in Stenography in order to have a good performance
both in manual shorthand and machine shorthand. People who regard
themselves as highly efficacious act, think and feel differently from those who
perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than
simply foretell it. (Bandura, 2012). Through self-reflection, people make sense of
their experiences, explore their own cognition and self-beliefs, engage in self-
evaluation and alter their thinking and behavior accordingly.
Self-efficacy beliefs provide the foundation for human motivation, well-
being and personal accomplishment. Students need motivation in order to
achieve their goals despite all the difficulties and hardships in life. If one is
motivated, hard things will become easy one. Even if how hard the examinations,
projects, or quizzes as long as one believes in oneself, things can be done. Self-
efficacy has influence over people’s ability to learn, their motivation and their
performance, as people will often attempt to learn and perform only those task for
which they believe they will be successful. (Lunenburg, 2011).


22
Self-Efficacy Theory
BSOA Students
Manual Shorthand Manual Shorthand
Performance Performance
Action Plan
Figure 1
THEORETICAL PARADIGM

23
The researchers find the theory relevant to the present study for which it
helps to identify the student’s performance in Stenography along manual
shorthand and machine shorthand that greatly affects the respondents that leads
to challenges
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of this study is illustrated by figure 2, which is a
form of input-process-output paradigm.
INPUT. This includes the profile of the students. The Stenography skills
possessed by the respondents along Manual and Machine Shorthand. The
challenges encountered of the respondents in Stenography in terms of manual
shorthand and machine shorthand. This input provides the researchers with
basic needed in this study.
PROCESS. This includes the collection of data through the questionnaire
and records review, the analysis and interpretation of data, the test of significant
relationship and the formulation of recommendations to address the Challenges
Encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration Students in
Stenography.

24
OUTPUT. This includes the proposed recommendations to address the
Challenges Encountered of BSOA Students in Stenography.
FEEDBACK. The study was designed on how the given recommendations
were effective to the study. The significance of the arrow from output going to
input is the contribution and assessment of the effectiveness of the study and if
there’s something to convey with the subject implied


INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Data gathering
1. Profile of the through:
respondents.
a. Questionnaire
2. The Stenography b. Records Review
skills possessed by Recommendations
Bachelor of Science in 2. Analysis and to address the
Office Administration
Students along:
Interpretation of Data Challenges
3. Test of significant Encountered of
a. Manual Shorthand relationship Bachelor of Science
in Office
4. Formulation of
3. Challenges recommendations to Administration
encountered of
Bachelor of Science in
address the Students in
Challenges
Office Administration Encountered of
Stenography
Students in Bachelor of Science in
Stenography along: Office Administration
Students in
a. Manual Shorthand Stenography
FEEDBACK
Figure 2
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

NOTES
Afribary, Challenges Faced by International Postgraduate students

during their First Year of Studies, (Selangor, Malaysia, International
Journals, of Humanities and social Science, University Putra, Malaysia 2013)
Behav, B. (2016). Functional Connectivity of the Striatum in Experts of
Stenography. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396401/
Problems of Shorthand to Secretarial Students in Institutions of
Higher Learning (Case Study of institute of Management and Technology
and Federal Polytechnic Idah) projectchampionz.com (2017)
Barra, (2016). Efficiency and Common Problems in Writing
Stenography of the Bachelor of Science in Office Administration Students
of South Philippine Adventist College. Retrieved from
https://www.spaconline.org/home/2016/09/19efficiency-and-common-problems-
in-writing-stenography-of-the-bachelor-of-science-in-office-administration-
students-of-south-philippine-adventist-college/
Elizabethhipp-ehipp, Typist, Stenographer-What’s the Difference
(Transcription Outsourcing, LCC 2012)
Kinesh Patel et al, Digital Dictation and Voice Transcription Software
Enhances Outpatient Clinic Letter Production: A Crossover Study,
Department of Gastroenterology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK (2012)
Stenography vs. Transcription: Cryptic code vs. Plain Language (Go
transcript 2015)
Morin, Shorthand Dictations 5 and 10 Minutes (eVirtual Guru-Education
for Everyone, 2017)
Agnas, R. A., Canonce, G., & Quides A. Challenges Encountered by
Bachelor of Science in Office Administration Students in Shorthand.
(Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges,
Nabua, Camarines Sur, 2018)
Mary Hazel Agapito et al. Skills of Bachelor of Science in Office
Administration, Responsive to the need of Industry (Unpublished

Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines

Sur, 2009).
Nabor N. A., Tolosa, A. & Tumbado, V. Stenography Skills of Bachelor
of Science in Office Administration Students in Camarines Sur Polytechnic
Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur. (Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis,
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur, 2014)
Jenny Erickson. The level of performance of Bachelor of Science in
Office Administration students at Camarines Sur Polytenic Colleges Nabua,
Camarines Sur: Basis for an Intervention Program. (Unpublished
Undergradute Thesis, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges Nabua, Camarines
Sur 2011)
Edlyn Jane R. Faustino et al. Factors Affecting the Employability of the

Bachelor of Science in Office Administration Graduates at Camarines Sur
Polythechnic Colleges, Nbua, Camarines Sur, (Unpublished Undergraduate
Thesis, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur, 2009)
Tina Fe D.J. Briones et al. Office skills in the Local Government of
Buhi, Camarines Sur, (Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur, 2009)
Estallo et al, Office Management System of the Philippine National
Police in Iriga City, (Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua Camarines Sur, 2009)
Bron, et al. Factors Affecting the Competencies in Stenography of
BSOA Students at CSPC, (Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges,Nabua,Camarines Sur, 2008)
Stenographer Description. courtreporteredu.org (2015)


Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter is the presentation of the methods used and the procedure of
investigation applied by the researchers in gathering information and data in the
study. Specifically, it discussed the research method, procedure of the study,
respondents, instruments used in the study, administration and preparation of
questionnaires, and the statistical tool applied to the collected data to establish
validity and reliability.
Research Method
The researchers used of the descriptive method to determine, analyze and
interpret the answer to the problems of the study. It includes the present facts
and current condition concerning the nature of the group of persons. This is the
most applicable in the presentation of the date because the researcher sought
from the respondents could better draw the necessary information in relation to
the study.
Descriptive Research also known as statistical research, describes data
and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. It
answers the questions who, where, when and how. (Sevilla, 1992).

29
The Respondents
The respondents play a vital role in this study. This serve as the main
source of information needed for the realization of this study. The respondents
will be the 50 students from 2nd year to 4th year selected students of Bachelor of
Science in Office Administration in Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges. Table 1
shows the number of respondents.
Table 1
Number of Respondents
Selected BSOA Students Sample Population
Second Year 17
Third Year 17
Fourth Year 16
Total 50
Data Gathering Tools
The main data gathering instrument used in this study was questionnaire
checklist through google forms, which was designed and prepared by the
researchers and validated before it was sent out. The google will be sent through
their (section) group chat to elicit response from the respondents about the
challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography.


30
Questionnaire
The main instrument used in collecting data was the questionnaire and it
used checklist which contains closed ended questions, transferred to google
form. The questionnaire was applied to take in all questions design from the
statement of the problem. This instrument is used in gathering data from the
target respondents. It is easy to analyze the information in most statistical
analysis software can easily process. This instrument is more convenient than
interview because you can save time. As it was made up, it was sub-divided into
three categories. The Part I will be composed of the Profile of the Students in
terms of age, sex civil status and year level. Part II. The Stenography skills
possessed by BSOA Students in terms of Manual Shorthand and Machine
Shorthand. Part III. The challenges encountered of BSOA students in
Stenography along manual shorthand and machine shorthand.
Preparation of the Questionnaire
The researchers conducted various reading from different books, articles,
thesis and browsing in the internet from their efforts to gather information
sufficiently that will guide the formulation of the questionnaire.


31
Validation of Questionnaire
A dry run was conducted to ten (10) BSOA Students in the Campus in
order to measure the effectiveness of the questions and if there’s something
wrong, the room for improvement is highly recommended. The researches
submitted the questionnaires to the adviser to review. Taking notes for comments
and suggestions was a must. The researchers also considered the result of the
dry-run to know on how respondents understood the questions.
Administration and Retrieval of Questionnaire
After finalization of the questionnaire, the researchers’ secured permission
from the professor as well as the Dean of the College of Business Management
Department to conduct the final run, upon approval.
Records Review
In order to determine the master list of the respondents, the researchers
secured the list of the officially enrolled students in Bachelor of Science in Office
Administration from 2nd year to 4th year.
Statistical Treatment
Statistical tools were used to aid the researchers in the analysis and
interpretation of the data.


32
1. Percentage technique will be used to quantify the tabulated responses.
Formula is shown below:
f
P= x 100%
n
Where:
P = Percentage
f = Frequency
n = Number of Respondents
2. Weighted Mean was used to find out the extent of the responses on the
challenges encounter of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students in Stenography at Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
categorized in areas.
The formula is:
TWF
WM =
N
Where:
WM = Weighted Mean
TWF = Total Weighted Mean
N = Total number of respondents


33
3. Pearson Product Moment Correlation
This statistical tool was used to determine if there is a significant
relationship between the Stenography skills and the challenges encountered of
BSOA students in stenography.
The formula is:
y
x i−x́ ¿2
¿
y
¿
¿ i− ý ¿2
¿
¿
¿
∑¿
√¿
∑ ( xi− x́ ) (¿¿ i− ý )
¿
r=¿
Where:
r = correlation coefficient
x i = values of the x-variable in a sample
x́ = mean of the values of the x-variable
yi = values of the y-variable in a sample
ý = mean of the values of the y-variable


34
Verbal Interpretation
To get the stenography skills possessed by the BSOA students, the scale
below will be considered:
Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
4 3.50-4.00 Excellent
3 2.50-3.49 Very Satisfactory
2 1.50- 2.49 Satisfactory
1 1.00-1.49 Good
On the other hand, to obtain the scaling for the challenges encountered of
the BSOA students in stenography, the scale below will be used:
Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
4 3.50-4.00 Always Encountered
3 2.50-3.49 Often Encountered
2 1.50- 2.49 Seldom Encountered
1 1.00-1.49 Never Encountered


35

NOTES
Consuelo Sevilla, Research Method, (Rex Printing Company, Quezon

City) (2003).
Cristobal M. Pagoso, Fundamental Statistics, (ManiqueSinag-Tala

Publisher Greenhills) (1992).
De Guzman,Danilo B. Fundamental of Statistics. Philippine Mutya

Publishing House, Inc. 2015
Antonio S. Broto, Statistic made Simple, Second Ed. National Book

Store Publishing House, 1999

CHAPTER 4
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN OFFICE
ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS IN STENOGRAPHY
This chapter is the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data
gathered pertinent to the challenges encountered of Bachelor of Science in
Office Administration students in Stenography. This consist of the profile of the
respondents, the Stenography skills possessed by Bachelor of Science in Office
Administration students along manual shorthand and machine shorthand,
challenges encountered of the Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
students along manual shorthand and machine shorthand and the
recommendations that can be proposed to address the challenges encountered
of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration students in Stenography.
The data were presented into a tabular form followed by a textual
interpretation in order to provide better insight of the study. The analysis of the
data served as the basis in formulating the conclusion and recommendation of
the study.
Profile of the BSOA Students in Stenography
Table 1 shows the Age Distribution of the respondents


Table 1
Age Distribution by the Respondents
Age Frequency Percentage

17-18 years old 1 2%
19-20 years old 16 32%
21-22 years old 23 46%
23 years old and above 10 20%
Total 50 100%
Table 1 Age Distribution by the Respondents
Age. Out of fifty (50) respondents, one (1) or 2% belong to the range of
17-28; sixteen (16) or 32% belong to the range of 19-20; twenty three (23) or
46% belongs to the range of 21-22; ten (10) or 20% belongs to the range of 23
and above.
Table 2 shows the Sex Distribution of the Respondents.
Table 3
Sex Distribution by the Respondents
Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 11 22%
Female 39 78%
Total 50 100%
Table 2 Sex Distribution by the Respondents
Sex. Out of fifty (50) respondents, eleven (11) or 22% are male and thirty-
nine (39) or 78% are female. This implies that the majority of the Office
Administration students are female since it is a course mostly preferred by
women.

This finding supported by the literature of Jenny Erickson (2013), which
states that Office Administration. Tourism Management and other courses that fall
under the entrepreneurial management courses are more inclined to women.
Studies showed that woman is better those men in terms of doing tasks aligned
with these courses. Women seem to be naturally capable than men at
scheduling, resolving conflicts, keeping people on task, and staying organized.
Table 3 shows the Civil Status Distribution of the Respondents.
Table 3
Civil Status Distribution by the Respondents
Civil Status Frequency Percentage
Single 50 100%
Married 0
Total 50 100%
Table 3 Civil Status Distribution by the Respondents
Civil Status. Fifty (50) or 100% are single, which only manifest a social
responsibility in prioritizing studies over and above other concerns and priorities.
This was supported by the study of Balang et al 2016 which states that
most of the students could be able to focus on their studies and cope with the
difficulties without having problems about time due to personal responsibilities.


Table 4 shows the Year Level Distribution of the Respondents.
Table 4
Year Level Distribution by the Respondents
Year Level Frequency Percentage
2nd year 17 34%
3rd year 17 34%
4th year 16 32%
Total 50 100%
Table 4 Year Level Distribution by the Respondents
Year Level. Seventeen (17) or 34% are 2nd year, seventeen (17) or 34%
are 3rd year, and sixteen (16) or 32% are 4 th year students. This implies that the
2nd year and 3rd year students are more populated than 4th year students.

II. Stenography Skills of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students in Stenography
This area presents the Stenography skills of 2 nd year, 3rd year and 4th year
Bachelor of Science in Office Administration along Manual and Machine
Shorthand. Table 5 shows the Stenography skills of the BSOA students along
Manual Shorthand.
Table 5 shows that the skills possessed by the BSOA students in manual
shorthand have an average weighted mean of 2.65 interpreted as very
satisfactory. Has knowledge of the basic shorthand principles and elements of
transcription and has considerable knowledge of English vocabulary got the first
rank with a weighted mean of 3.02 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Third in
rank was familiar with strokes of steno alphabet, brief forms, derivatives and
phrases with a weighted mean of 2.92 and interpreted as very satisfactory.
Fourth was know how to blend the letters by combining the words into one stroke
with a weighted mean of 2.80 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Fifth was able
to outline correct combination of brief forms derivatives and phrases with a
weighted mean of 2.72 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Sixth was able to
transcribe rapidly but accurately with a weighted mean of 2.56 and interpreted as
very satisfactory. Seventh in rank was can immediately make changes or


correction in case dictation with a weighted mean of 2.52 and interpreted as very
satisfactory. Eight in rank was able to construct outlines for unfamiliar words
under stress dictation with a weighted mean of 2.46 and interpreted as
satisfactory. Ninth in rank was know how to blend the letters by combining the
words into one stroke with a weighted mean of 2.36 and interpreted as
satisfactory. Lastly, can take dictation at 100 words per minute with a got the
tenth rank with a weighted mean of 2.10 and interpreted as satisfactory.
Table 5
Stenography Skills of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students along Manual Shorthand
Indicators Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretation
1. Has knowledge of the basic
shorthand principles and elements of 3.02 Very Satisfactory 1.5
transcription.
2. Familiar with strokes of steno
alphabet, brief forms, derivatives and 2.92 Very Satisfactory 3
phrases.
3. Has considerable knowledge of 3.02 Very Satisfactory 1.5
English vocabulary.
4. Able to outline correct combination 2.72 Very Satisfactory 5
of brief forms derivatives and phrases.
5. Can immediately make changes or 2.52 Very Satisfactory 7
correction in case dictation.
6. Able to construct outlines for 2.46 Satisfactory 8
unfamiliar words under stress dictation.
7. Able to transcribe rapidly but 2.56 Very Satisfactory 6
accurately.

8. Can take dictation at 100 words per 2.10 Satisfactory 10

minute.
9. Know how to blend the letters by 2.80 Very Satisfactory 4
combining the words into one stroke.
10. Know how to blend the letters by
combining the words into one stroke. 2.36 Satisfactory 9
Average Weighted Mean 2.65 Very Satisfactory
From the foregoing data, it only implies that the BSOA students
really grasped the lessons they were given in terms of the basic shorthand
principles and elements of transcriptions. Furthermore, it can be noted that they
are also good in terms of English vocabulary. However, the students find difficulty
in coping with verbal dictation considering that it requires speed and accuracy
which is usually dictated under time pressure, entails active listening skills and
concentration to cope easily. This finding is supported by the study of Pino
(2011), she aimed to know the factors that would possibly affect the speed in
writing shorthand. She determined five factors that can affect the speed in writing
shorthand such as; vocabulary, writing tools, environmental factor, teacher, time
spent for practice and mental ability.


Table 6
Stenography Skills of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students along Machine Shorthand

Mean Interpretation
1. Familiar with steno chords of
alphabet, derivatives, phrases and 2.92 Very Satisfactory 1
abbreviations.
2. Able to manipulate the steno 2.56 Very Satisfactory 4
machine.
3. Has considerable knowledge of 2.70 Very Satisfactory 3
English vocabulary.
4. Showcase mastery of keyboard. 2.34 Satisfactory 6.5
5. Able to take dictation and read 2.30 Satisfactory 8

touch notes.
6. Able to transcribe rapidly but 2.24 Satisfactory 9
accurately.
7. Can take dictation at 100 words 2.00 Satisfactory 10
per minute.
8. Exhibit proper home key position 2.34 Satisfactory 6.5
when typing.
9. Can identify the different parts of 2.80 Very Satisfactory 2
steno machine.
10. Can immediately make changes 2.40 Satisfactory 5
or correction in case dictation.
Average Weighted Mean 2.46 Satisfactory
Table 6 shows that the skills possessed by the BSOA students in machine
shorthand have an average weighted mean of 2.46 interpreted as satisfactory.
Familiar with steno chords of alphabet, derivatives, phrases and abbreviations
got the first rank with a weighted mean of 2.92 and interpreted as very

satisfactory. Second in rank was can identify the different parts of steno machine
with a weighted mean of 2.80 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Third was has
considerable knowledge of English vocabulary with a weighted mean of 2.70 and
interpreted as very satisfactory. Fourth was able to manipulate the steno machine
with a weighted mean of 2.56 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Fifth was can
immediately make changes or correction in case dictation with a weighted mean
of 2.40 and interpreted as satisfactory. Both showcase mastery of keyboard and
exhibit proper home key position when typing got the sixth rank with a weighted
mean of 2.34 and interpreted as satisfactory. Eight in rank was able to take
dictation and read touch notes with a weighted mean of 2.30 and interpreted as
satisfactory. Ninth in rank was able to transcribe rapidly but accurately with a
weighted mean of 2.24 and interpreted as satisfactory. Can take dictation at 100
words per minute got the lowest weighted mean of 2.00 and interpreted as
satisfactory.
It implies that the respondents are familiar with steno chords of alphabet,
derivatives, phrases and abbreviations. However, their ability to take dictation at
100 words per minute need more enhancements.
This finding is supported by Estallo et al. (2009)”, they stated that there
is a need to have knowledge and skills on how to operate different kinds of


machines and equipment and also know its potentials which will serve to
increase the productivity, performance level, and efficiency of the workers.
III. Challenges Encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration

Students in Stenography
This section presents challenges encountered of BSOA students in
Stenography along manual shorthand and machine shorthand. These challenges
were gauged and determined by the responses given by the respondents.
Table 7 shows the challenges encountered of BSOA Students along
manual shorthand.
Table 7
Challenges Encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students along Manual Shorthand

Mean Interpretation
1. Unable to take dictation at 85- 2.66 Often Encountered 1
100 words per minute.
2. Lack of instructional materials 2.32 Seldom Encountered 10
used during discussion.
3. Unable to take dictation 2.44 Seldom Encountered 5
completely.
4. Poor enunciation of dictated 2.40 Seldom Encountered 7.5
words, sentences, and paragraphs.
5. Limited learning activities and 2.38 Seldom Encountered 9
assessment provided.
6. Unable to read dictated notes. 2.42 Seldom Encountered 6

7. Unable to transcribe rapidly and 2.40 Seldom Encountered 7.5

accurately.
8. Lack of mastery and
familiarization of steno strokes and 2.46 Seldom Encountered 3.5
outlines.
9. Limited time in doing exercises. 2.48 Seldom Encountered 2
10. Unable to change immediately

or make corrections during 2.46 Seldom Encountered 3.5
dictation.
Average Weighted Mean 2.44 Seldom Encountered
The table reveals that the challenges encountered of BSOA Students
along manual shorthand have an average weighted mean of 2.70 and interpreted
as seldom encountered. Unable to take dictation at 85-100 words per minute got
the first rank with a weighted mean of 2.66 and interpreted as often encountered.
Second in Limited time in doing exercises with a weighted mean of 2.48 and
interpreted as seldom encountered. Both lack of mastery and familiarization of
steno strokes and outlines and unable to change immediately or make
corrections during dictation got the third rank with a weighted mean of 2.46 and
interpreted as seldom encountered. Fifth was unable to take dictation completely
with a weighted mean of 2.44 and interpreted as seldom encountered. Sixth was
unable to read dictated notes with a weighted mean of 2.42 and interpreted as
seldom encountered. Both poor enunciation of dictated words, sentences, and
paragraphs and unable to transcribe rapidly and accurately got the seventh rank

with a weighted mean of 2.40 and interpreted as seldom encountered. Ninth in
rank was limited learning activities and assessment provided with a weighted
mean of 2.38 and interpreted as seldom encountered. Lack of instructional
materials used during discussion got the tenth rank with a weighted mean of 2.33
and interpreted as seldom encountered.
Data implies that the students are really adept in the basic principles of
shorthand that they did not find difficulty in most of the indicators stated in the
questionnaire. Their interest in the subject has a great impact on their learning
style and attitude that they did not encounter any difficulty in the subject.
However, unable to take dictation at 85-100 words per minute was the challenge
that they often encountered.
This finding is supported by the study of Briones, et al. (2012) a study
conduct by Turiok, et al. entitled “The Stenographical Difficulties of Bachelor of
Science in Office Administration Students of Partido State University, had found
out that the difficulties met by the male and female respondents in stenography
were memorizing the different rule and principles in combining or joining the word
in shorthand and they were lack of mastery in steno alphabet and resulted to
have poor writing the different strokes of words. These result revealed the fact
that both male and female respondents had the same difficulties and the same

indicates that they need more practice in reading to improve and achieved the
highest level based from the responses given by the respondents.
Table 8 shows the challenges encountered of BSOA Students along
machine shorthand.
Table 8
Challenges Encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students along Machine Shorthand

Mean Interpretation
1. Limited number of hours given in 2.76 Often Encountered 3
the use of laboratory.
2. Limited number of steno 2.74 Often Encountered 4
machine.
3. Poor enunciation of dictated 2.64 Often Encountered 7.5
words, sentences, and paragraphs.
4. Inability to transcribe rapidly and 2.68 Often Encountered 5
accurately
5. Limited space in the laboratory. 2.84 Often Encountered 1.5
6. Poor ventilation and lack of 2.66 Often Encountered 6

exhaust system in the laboratory.
7. Malfunctioning of some steno 2.84 Often Encountered 1.5
machine.
8. Lack of mastery and
familiarization in steno chords of 7.5
alphabet, derivatives, phrases and 2.64 Often Encountered
abbreviations.
9. Unable to take dictation at 100 2.60 Often Encountered 10
words per minute.
10. Unable to take dictation and
read touch notes. 2.64 Often Encountered 7.5

Average Weighted Mean 2.70 Often Encountered
The table reveals that the challenges encountered of BSOA Students in
machine shorthand have an average weighted mean is 2.70 with the verbal
interpretation of often encountered. It shows that all of the indicators were
interpreted as often encountered with the average weighted mean of 2.70. Both
limited space in the laboratory and malfunctioning of some steno machine got the
first rank with a weighted mean of 2.84. Third in rank was limited number of
hours given in the use of laboratory with a weighted mean of 2.76. Fourth in rank
was Limited number of steno machine with a weighted mean of 2.74. Fifth was
inability to transcribe rapidly and accurately with a weighted mean of 2.68. Sixth
was poor ventilation and lack of exhaust system in the laboratory with a weighted
mean of 2.66. Both lack of mastery and familiarization in steno chords of
alphabet, derivatives, phrases and abbreviations, poor enunciation of dictated
words, sentences, and paragraphs and unable to take dictation and read touch
notes got the seventh rank with a weighted mean of 2.64. Tenth in rank was
unable to take dictation at 100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.60.
It implies that the respondents have limited space in the laboratory and
experienced malfunctioning of some steno machine. They also encountered the
lack of instructional materials used during discussion.


This finding is supported by Bron, et al. (2008),”The factors affecting the
competencies in Stenography of BSOA Students at CSPC” reveals that the
laboratory materials were not really enough to accommodate of the students in
the laboratory. Sometimes, some of the machines are not functioning.
IV. Significant Relationship between the Stenography Skills and the
Challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography
The test was conducted by the researchers using Pearson Product
Moment Correlation to determine if there is a significant relationship between the
stenography skills possessed by the BSOA students and challenges encountered
of the BSOA students in stenography along manual shorthand and machine
shorthand.
Table 9 shows the significant relationship between the Stenography skills
and the challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography wherein, in
terms of Machine Shorthand, the computed value is -1.14 while the tabular value
using 0.05 level of significance is 2.306. In terms of Manual Shorthand, the
computed value is 0.69 with 2.306 level of significance. It has been noted that the
computed value is less than the tabular values hence the null hypothesis will be
accepted. And therefore, there is no significant relationship between the
Stenography skills and the challenges encountered of BSOA students in
Stenography.

Table 9
Significant Relationship between the Stenography Skills and the
Challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography
Tabular Value Degree

Computed (at 0.05 Level of Decision on
Competency Inference
Value of Freedom Ho
Significance)
1. Manual Not
-1.14 2.306 8 Accept Ho
Shorthand Significant
2. Machine Not
0.69 2.306 8 Accept Ho
Shorthand Significant
It implies that the significant relationship between the Stenography skills
and the challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography, Manual
Shorthand is higher than Machine Shorthand because the respondents find it
easier than to do Machine Shorthand.


Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents a brief statement of the important points of this
study. It includes the concise explanation of the findings, conclusion and
recommendation on the challenges encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office
Administration students in Stenography.
SUMMARY
This study was conducted to determine the Challenges Encountered of
Bachelor of Science in Office Administration students in Stenography, it sought to
answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
students in Stenography?
2. What are the Stenography skills possessed by Bachelor of Science in
Office Administration students along:
a. Manual Shorthand
3. What are the challenges encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office
Administration students in Stenography along:


a. Manual Shorthand
4. How significant is the relationship between the Stenography skills and the
challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography?
5. What recommendations can be proposed to address the challenges
encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration students in
Stenography?
This study will be guided by the following assumptions that:
1. The profile of the BSOA students in Stenography varies the age, sex, civil
status and year level.
2. The Stenography skills possessed by BSOA Students along Manual
Shorthand and Machine Shorthand varies.
3. There are challenges encountered by the respondents in Stenography
along Manual Shorthand and Machine Shorthand.
4. Recommendations can be proposed to address the challenges
This study was conducted specifically in the 50 Bachelor of Science in Office
Administration students from 2nd year to 4th year level who have taken up subjects

in Stenography at Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur.
This can be the procedure to determine the challenges encountered of BSOA
Students in Stenography.
The researchers used descriptive method with questionnaire, analysis and
interpretation of data. The data gathered were treated statistically through
percentage and weighted mean method, and Pearson Product Moment
Correlation. The researchers believe that the outcome of this study will be
beneficial and valuable to the students, BSOA faculty, BSOA
chairperson/Program chair, College of Business Management, researchers and
future researchers.
FINDINGS
The following are the findings of the study based from the data gathered
during the research process:
1. Profile of BSOA Students
a. Age. Out of 50 respondents, 1 or 2% belong to the range of 17-28; 16
or 32% belong to the range of 19-20; 23 or 46% belongs to the range
of 21-22; 10 or 20% belongs to the range of 23 and above.


b. Sex. Out of 50 respondents, 11 or 22% are male and 39 or 78% are
female. This implies that the majority of the Office Administration
students are female since it is a course mostly preferred by women.
c. Civil Status. 50 or 100% are single, which only manifest a social
responsibility in prioritizing studies over and above other concerns and
priorities.
d. Course and Year. Out of 50 respondents, 17 or 34% are 2 nd year, 17
or 34% are 3rd year, and 16 or 32% are 4th year students. This implies
that the 2nd year and 3rd year students are more populated than 4 th
year students.
2. Stenography Skills possessed by BSOA students along:
a. Manual Shorthand. It was revealed that the respondents have
knowledge of the basic shorthand principles and elements of transcription and
has considerable knowledge of English vocabulary with a weighted mean of 3.02
and interpreted as very satisfactory. It was followed by familiar with strokes of
steno alphabet, brief forms, derivatives and phrases with a weighted mean of
2.92 and interpreted as very satisfactory. It was followed by know how to blend
the letters by combining the words into one stroke with a weighted mean of 2.80
and interpreted as very satisfactory. It was followed by able to outline correct


combination of brief forms derivatives and phrases with a weighted mean of 2.72
and interpreted as very satisfactory. It was followed by able to transcribe rapidly
but accurately with a weighted mean of 2.56 and interpreted as very satisfactory.
It was followed by can immediately make changes or correction in case dictation
with a weighted mean of 2.52 and interpreted as very satisfactory. It was
followed by able to construct outlines for unfamiliar words under stress dictation
with a weighted mean of 2.46 and interpreted as satisfactory It was followed by
know how to blend the letters by combining the words into one stroke with a
weighted mean of 2.36 and interpreted as satisfactory. Lastly, it was followed by
can take dictation at 100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.10 and
interpreted as satisfactory.
The average of all the aspects in stenography skills along manual shorthand
has a weighted mean of 2.65 and interpreted as very satisfactory.
b. Machine Shorthand. It was revealed that the respondents are familiar
with steno chords of alphabet, derivatives, phrases and abbreviations with a
weighted mean of 2.92 and interpreted as very satisfactory. It was followed by
can identify the different parts of steno machine with a weighted mean of 2.80
and interpreted as very satisfactory. It was followed by has considerable
knowledge of English vocabulary with a weighted mean of 2.70 and interpreted


as very satisfactory. It was followed by able to manipulate the steno machine with
a weighted mean of 2.56 and interpreted as very satisfactory. It was followed by
can immediately make changes or correction in case dictation with a weighted
mean of 2.40 and interpreted as satisfactory. It was followed by showcase
mastery of keyboard and exhibit proper home key position when typing with a
weighted mean of 2.34 and interpreted as satisfactory It was followed by able to
take dictation and read touch notes with a weighted mean of 2.30 and interpreted
as satisfactory. It was followed by able to transcribe rapidly but accurately with a
weighted mean of 2.24 and interpreted as satisfactory. And lastly, it was followed
by can take dictation at 100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.00 and
interpreted as satisfactory.
The average of all the aspects in stenography skills along machine
shorthand has a weighted mean of 2.46 and interpreted as very satisfactory.
3. Challenges encountered of BSOA students in stenography along:
a. Manual Shorthand. It was revealed that the respondents are unable to
take dictation at 85-100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.66 and
interpreted as often encountered. It was followed by limited time in doing
exercises with a weighted mean of 2.48 and interpreted as seldom encountered.


It was followed by lack of mastery and familiarization of steno strokes and
outlines and unable to change immediately or make corrections during dictation
with a weighted mean of 2.46 and interpreted as seldom encountered. It was
followed by unable to take dictation completely with a weighted mean of 2.44 and
interpreted as seldom encountered. It was followed by unable to read dictated
notes with a weighted mean of 2.42 and interpreted as seldom encountered. It
was followed by poor enunciation of dictated words, sentences, and paragraphs
and unable to transcribe rapidly and accurately with a weighted mean of 2.40 and
interpreted as seldom encountered. It was followed by limited learning activities
and assessment provided with a weighted mean of 2.38 and interpreted as
seldom encountered. And lastly, it was followed by lack of instructional materials
used during discussion with a weighted mean of 2.33 and interpreted as seldom
encountered.
The average of all the aspects in the challenges encountered in
stenography along manual shorthand has a weighted mean of 2.44 and
interpreted as seldom encountered.
b. Machine Shorthand. It was revealed that the respondents have
limited space in the laboratory and malfunctioning of some steno machine with a
weighted mean of 2.84 and interpreted as often encountered. It was followed by
limited number of hours given in the use of laboratory with a weighted mean of

2.76 and interpreted as often encountered. It was followed by limited number of
steno machine with a weighted mean of 2.74 and interpreted as often
encountered. It was followed by inability to transcribe rapidly and accurately with
a weighted mean of 2.68 and interpreted as often encountered. It was followed
by poor ventilation and lack of exhaust system in the laboratory with a weighted
mean of 2.66 and interpreted as often encountered. It was followed by lack of
mastery and familiarization in steno chords of alphabet, derivatives, phrases and
abbreviations, poor enunciation of dictated words, sentences, and paragraphs
and unable to take dictation and read touch notes with a weighted mean of 2.64
and interpreted as often encountered. And lastly, it was followed by unable to
take dictation at 100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.60 and
interpreted as often encountered.
The average of all the aspects in the challenges encountered in
stenography along machine shorthand has a weighted mean of 2.70 and
interpreted as often encountered.
4. Significant relationship between the stenography skills and challenges
encountered in stenography

There is no significant relationship between the stenography skills and the
challenges encountered of BSOA students in stenography along manual
and machine shorthand.
CONCLUSIONS
Based from the foregoing findings, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. Most of the respondents’ age ranges 21-22, female, single, and
majority is in 2nd and 3rd year level.
2. On the stenography skills possessed by the BSOA students in
stenography, it was concluded that out of 50 respondents, majority of
them are evaluated as very satisfactory along manual shorthand while
satisfactory in machine shorthand.
3. It was concluded that out of 50 respondents, majority of them have
knowledge of the basic shorthand principles and elements of
transcription and has considerable knowledge of English vocabulary.
4. It was concluded that out of 50 respondents, majority of them are
familiar with steno chords of alphabet, derivatives, phrases and
abbreviations.

5. Moreover, on the challenges encountered of BSOA students in
Stenography, majority of the respondents assessed them as seldom
encountered in manual shorthand while often encountered in machine
shorthand.
6. It was concluded that out of 50 respondents, majority of them are
unable to take dictation at 85-100 words per minute.
7. It was concluded that out of 50 respondents, majority of them
encountered malfunctioning of some steno machine and limited space
in the laboratory.
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE RESPONDENTS
1. Additional training and workshops for stenography
2. Mastery training for machine and manual stenography.
3. More exposure and actual practice in dictation and transcription of
shorthand
4. Constant and sufficient practice.
5. Sufficient facilities and equipment
6. Enough time for laboratory.
7. Sufficient textbooks and references


RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE RESEARCHERS
1. The students must concentrate more in learning the basic principles of
stenography so that they can master now and through the coming years
should they choose a career in stenography.
2. The instructors can enhanced instructional materials using the results and
findings of studies concerning stenography skills and challenges
encountered by students in stenography.
3. Additional time allotted for the subject for the students to have enough
time to study and practice their lessons in stenography subjects.
4. Have a constant keyboard practice to gain speed.
5. Enough number of steno machine to a ratio of 1:1 per schedule.
6. The curriculum can be modified through adding sufficient steno subjects in
every year level of the Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
program.
7. Provide directed and supervised teaching of shorthand and of all other
essential stenographic arts to addressed difficulties in stenography.
8. CBM department might as well consider benchmarking learning processes
from other State Universities and colleges offering BSOA program in order

to adopt ideas or strategies can be used to lessen the difficulties in
stenography and improve the curriculum of the program.
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
____________________
Dear Respondent:
Greetings!
This questionnaire has been prepared to gather information and data

needed in connection with our research work entitled CHALLENGES
ENCOUNTERED OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
STUDENTS IN STENOGRAPHY.
Please feel free to answer the questions honestly and rest assured that
your responses will be treated confidentially.

Your answers will be of great help to determine the outcomes of our study.
Very respectfully yours,
ANGELA F. CAPISTRANO
MARGIE T. FULGENCIO
JOMEL B. GENERAL
MARY GRACE LUCEÑA
RAYMUND P. NARDO
NOTED:
MELANY C. FEDERIS, MBM

Instructor, Undergraduate Thesis Writing
QUESTIONNAIRE
Direction: Please fill each item of the appropriate answer by checking the
bracket.
I. Profile of the respondents
Age:
( ) 17-18 years old
( ) 19-20 years old
( ) 21-22 years old
( ) 23 and above

Sex:
( ) Male
( ) Female
Civil Status:
( ) Single
( ) Married
Year Level:
( ) 2nd
( ) 3rd
( ) 4th
II. Stenography Skills of BSOA Students in Stenography
Direction: Please check (/) the appropriate box corresponding to your

evaluation using the scale below.
Scale Description
4 Excellent
3 Very Satisfactory
2 Satisfactory
1 Good
A. Manual Shorthand 4 3 2 1
1. Has knowledge of the basic shorthand principles and
elements of transcription.
2. Familiar with strokes of steno alphabet, brief forms,
derivatives and phrases.

3. Has considerable knowledge of English vocabulary.

4. Able to outline correct combination of brief forms derivatives
and phrases.
5. Can immediately make changes or correction in case
dictation.
6. Able to construct outlines for unfamiliar words under stress
dictation.
7. Able to transcribe rapidly but accurately.
8. Can take dictation at 100 words per minute.
9. Know how to blend the letters by combining the words into
one stroke.
10. Know how to blend the letters by combining the words into
one stroke.
B. Machine Shorthand 4 3 2 1
1. Familiar with steno chords of alphabet, derivatives,
phrases and abbreviations.
2. Able to manipulate the steno machine.
3. Has considerable knowledge of English vocabulary.
4. Showcase mastery of keyboard.
5. Able to take dictation and read touch notes.
6. Able to transcribe rapidly but accurately.
7. Can take dictation at 100 words per minute.
8. Exhibit proper home key position when typing.
9. Can identify the different parts of steno machine.
10. Can immediately make changes or correction in case
dictation.
III. Challenges Encountered of BSOA Students In Stenography

Direction: Please check (/) the appropriate box corresponding to your
evaluation.

Scale Description
4 Always Encountered
3 Often Encountered
2 Seldom Encountered
1 Never Encountered
A. Manual Shorthand 4 3 2 1
1. Unable to take dictation at 85-100 words per minute.
2. Lack of instructional materials used during discussion.
3. Unable to take dictation completely.
4. Poor enunciation of dictated words, sentences, and
paragraphs.
5. Limited learning activities and assessment provided.
6. Unable to read dictated notes.
7. Unable to transcribe rapidly and accurately.
8. Lack of mastery and familiarization of steno strokes and
outlines.
9. Limited time in doing exercises.
10. Unable to change immediately or make corrections during
dictation.
B. Machine Shorthand 4 3 2 1
1. Limited number of hours given in the use of laboratory.

2. Limited number of steno machine.
3. Poor enunciation of dictated words, sentences, and
paragraphs.
4. Inability to transcribe rapidly and accurately
5. Limited space in the laboratory.
6. Poor ventilation and lack of exhaust system in the
laboratory.

7. Malfunctioning of some steno machine.

8. Lack of mastery and familiarization in steno chords of
alphabet, derivatives, phrases and abbreviations.
9. Unable to take dictation at 100 words per minute.
10. Unable to take dictation and read touch notes.
IV. Recommendations that can be proposed to address the

challenges encountered of BSOA Students In Stenography
Direction: Please check as many suggestion you have.
( ) Mastery training for machine and manual stenography.
( ) Enough time for laboratory.
( ) Constant and sufficient practice.
( ) Sufficient facilities and equipment
( ) Sufficient textbooks and references
( ) More exposure and actual practice in dictation and transcription of

shorthand
( ) Additional training and workshops for stenography



BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. BOOKS
Louis A. Leslie, Charles E Zoubele A. James Lemaster Gregg Shorthand

functional Methods,Jubilee Series 2nd ed.,United States: Gregg Division,
McGraw Hill Book Company,2001
Roman R. Dannug and Marlo B. Campanilla,Politics, Governance and

Government with Philippine Constitution, Second Edition, 2014
Consuelo Sevilla, Research Method, (Rex Printing Company, Quezon
City) (2003).
Cristobal M. Pagoso, Fundamental Statistics, (ManiqueSinag-Tala

Publisher Greenhills) (1992).
De Guzman,Danilo B. Fundamental of Statistics. Philippine Mutya

Publishing House, Inc. 2015
Antonio S. Broto, Statistic made Simple, Second Ed. National Book

Store Publishing House, 1999
B. UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS
Echipare, Fabellar, Felicia, Stenography Skills of BSOA Students at

CSPC Buhi Extension Campus, (Undergraduate Thesis, Cam. Sur Polytechnic
Colleges, Buhi, Cam. Sur, 2019)
Salcedo, M. M. (September 14, 2020).To Department Deans and Buhi
Campus Director. Memorandum 20-19. Office of the Vice-President for Academic
Affairs.
Kinesh Patel et al, Digital Dictation and Voice Transcription Software

Enhances Outpatient Clinic Letter Production: A Crossover Study,
Department of Gastroenterology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK (2012)
Agnas, R. A., Canonce, G., & Quides A. Challenges Encountered by
Bachelor of Science in Office Administration Students in Shorthand.
(Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges,
Nabua, Camarines Sur, 2018)

Mary Hazel Agapito et al. Skills of Bachelor of Science in Office

Administration, Responsive to the need of Industry (Unpublished
Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines
Sur, 2009).
Nabor N. A., Tolosa, A. & Tumbado, V. Stenography Skills of Bachelor
of Science in Office Administration Students in Camarines Sur Polytechnic
Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur. (Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis,
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur, 2014)
Jenny Erickson. The level of performance of Bachelor of Science in
Office Administration students at Camarines Sur Polytenic Colleges Nabua,
Camarines Sur: Basis for an Intervention Program. (Unpublished
Undergradute Thesis, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges Nabua, Camarines
Sur 2011)
Edlyn Jane R. Faustino et al. Factors Affecting the Employability of the

Bachelor of Science in Office Administration Graduates at Camarines Sur
Polythechnic Colleges, Nbua, Camarines Sur, (Unpublished Undergraduate
Thesis, Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur, 2009)
Tina Fe D.J. Briones et al. Office skills in the Local Government of
Buhi, Camarines Sur, (Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur, 2009)
Estallo et al, Office Management System of the Philippine National
Police in Iriga City, (Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua Camarines Sur, 2009)
Bron, et al. Factors Affecting the Competencies in Stenography of
BSOA Students at CSPC, (Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges,Nabua,Camarines Sur, 2008)
C. INTERNET
Deedee (2010). Shorthand- Can You Write As Fast As You Speak.

Retrieved from https://blogs.ubc.ca/etec540sept10/2010/11/03/shorthand-
%E2%80%93-can-you-write-as-fast-as-you-speak/

Definition of dictation of Collins English Dictionary Copyright©

Harper Collins Publisher https://www.collins>, Retrieved on February 16, 2019
Stenographer Description. courtreporteredu.org (2015)

Stenography vs. Transcription: Cryptic code vs. Plain Language (Go
transcript 2015)
Morin, Shorthand Dictations 5 and 10 Minutes (eVirtual Guru-Education
for Everyone, 2017)
Elizabethhipp-ehipp, Typist, Stenographer-What’s the Difference
(Transcription Outsourcing, LCC 2012)
Behav, B. (2016). Functional Connectivity of the Striatum in Experts of
Stenography. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396401/
Afribary, Challenges Faced by International Postgraduate students
during their First Year of Studies, (Selangor, Malaysia, International
Journals, of Humanities and social Science, University Putra, Malaysia 2013)
Problems of Shorthand to Secretarial Students in Institutions of
Higher Learning (Case Study of institute of Management and Technology
and Federal Polytechnic Idah) projectchampionz.com (2017)
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Stenography of the Bachelor of Science in Office Administration Students
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students-of-south-philippine-adventist-college/

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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN OFFICE

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Stenography is likely one of the most identifiable action or a process of

machine. A manual or writing shorthand is a method of writing rapidly by

substituting characters, abbreviations or symbols for letters, sounds words or

phrases. It provides a rapid or abbreviated communication and representation.

Machine shorthand is also a common term for writing produced by a stenotype, a

There are a lot of opportunities for those stenographers and secretaries’

proficiency in typing shorthand and knowledge in English grammar, vocabulary,

spelling and punctuation, it is the basic skills in Stenography. Stenographers are

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

involving functions decimals and percentage. (Louis A. Leslie and Charles E.

To be fully equipped in a larger arena of skilled individuals, it is a must that

fulfillment of their dreams.

The Board of Trustees of the Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges in a

whole as follows: Resolution No. 4, s. 1998, on motion of President Sena, duly

strengthened and graduates thereof must be of high quality.

Considering that Stenography is one among the major specializations of

the course in Bachelor of Science in Office Administration, majority of the

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

shortening of words tend to exert great deal of efforts in further studying. As a

Science in Office Administration students. (Echipare, Fabellar, Felicia (2019).

As a pursuant of the College of Business Management (CBM) proved the

efficiencies of stenography to BSOA students. This can result in the aspect of

individual’s analysis and capabilities. The program trains students to be flexible to

study on the challenges encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office

Administration students in Stenography in Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges

in order to determine the extent of skills possessed by the students in Manual

their performance in studying Stenography. In this way, the researchers can be

able to give suggestions and recommendations to address those challenges

growth and development.

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

This study aims to determine the Challenges Encountered of Bachelor of

Science in Office Administration Students in Stenography.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the Bachelor of Science in Office Administration

2. What are the Stenography skills possessed by Bachelor of Science in

Office Administration students along:

3. What are the challenges encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office

Administration students in Stenography along:

challenges encountered of BSOA students in Stenography?

5. What recommendations can be proposed to address the challenges

encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration students in

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

This study will be guided by the following assumptions that:

status and year level.

2. The Stenography skills possessed by BSOA Students along Manual

Shorthand and Machine Shorthand varies.

3. There are challenges encountered by the respondents in Stenography

along Manual Shorthand and Machine Shorthand.

4. Recommendations can be proposed to address the challenges

encountered of BSOA students in Stenography.

There is no significant relationship between the Stenography skills of

BSOA students and the challenges encountered in Stenography.

Significance of the Study

and valuable to the following:

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

performance in stenography not only as Office Administration graduates but as

office professionals in the making.