Professional Documents
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Generals Group Final Thesis
Generals Group Final Thesis
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of Instruction
College of Business Management
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
CAPISTRANO, ANGELA F.
FULGENCIO, MARGIE T.
GENERAL, JOMEL B.
LUCEÑA, MARY GRACE
NARDO, RAYMUND P.
FEBRUARY 2021
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
recording the spoken words through writing in shorthand and using a stenotype
specialized keyboard.
even journalists and court reporters that can use pen to take notes at high
speeds and later on they convert their notes from shorthand to text. It is the
reason why they said that shorthand is a convenient tool; it is also valuable for
personal use tools. But for you to become a good stenographer, it requires good
expected to type from 40-55 words per minute accurately and to take dictation at
110 words per minute. They should also know the basic arithmetic, calculations
Republic of the Philippines
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Zoubek 2001).
students receive the kind of education that will enrich their knowledge, enhance
and sharpen their skills. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, Article 14,
Section 12 (Education) provides that the state shall protect and promote the
right of citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps
to make education accessible to all. It means that all citizens have the right to a
quality education and acquire trainings as education serves as a tool for nation
building, young learners are expected to perform at a higher level for the
meeting assembled on February 17, 1998 held at the President’s Office, CSPC,
Nabua, Camarines Sur has approved the following Resolution which states in
seconded by Trustee Duran approved that the BSOA and other courses be
students find difficulty in coping with the course. The adjoining of strokes and
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matter of fact, the subject triggers tension and anxiety among Bachelor of
carry the clerical, administrative, and managerial task. The completion of four-
year course entitles a student a degree which will qualify in higher positions.
With the underlying facts cited, the researchers feel the need to focus their
Shorthand and Machine Shorthand and to know and learn the factors that affect
encountered in preparation for job employment in the near future and career
2
Statement of the Problem
students in Stenography?
a. Manual Shorthand
b. Machine Shorthand
a. Manual Shorthand
b. Machine Shorthand
4. How significant is the relationship between the Stenography skills and the
Stenography?
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3
Assumptions of the Study
1. The profile of the BSOA students in Stenography varies the age, sex, civil
Null Hypothesis
The researchers believe that the outcome of this study will be beneficial
4
BSOA Students. This study will aid the students to enhance their level of
BSOA Faculty. On the part of the faculty, the findings of this study will
along stenography. This can also be a basis in proving remedial measures and
strategic activities that will further enhance the performance of the students in
taking stenography.
their student and motivate them. Through this study, it can default the motivation
plan and highlighting the improvement of the said course more specifically in
stenography subjects. This study will surely differ the asset of one’s individuality.
This study will provide the office administration with necessary information on the
actual scenario, which can be the basis of the development of the students in
stenography.
5
the department will give some advice or program to enhance the skills of the
researchers in line with their field of specialization. They will provide knowledge
those who will study and work on related field and serve as reference to the
This study is delimited to second year, third year and fourth year BSOA
6
Thus, this study was anchored of the Vice President for Academic Affairs
7
Definition of Terms
used in this study, the following words are defined conceptually or operationally.
is the method of speedy process of taking down notes and writing for an
assumption that may use symbols in the place letters, words, and phrases.
NOTES
Chapter 2
that will provide more ideas and learning to the present study, the review of
related literature and studies and the synthesis of the state of the art.
conducting the study and argument more comprehensive concepts. Here under
are several literature and studies that have been found related to this present
study. To gain more understanding on this study, a thorough reading and studies
on book, research materials, theses, and surfing the internet were conducted
which are needed in providing information for the effectiveness and reliability of
Stenography
words and phrases. It is used to make note taking easier in classes, lecture, and
business
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11
meetings and especially in court hearings. It is still being used to take notes even
new concept, and there have been countless shorthand systems developed.
represent specific sounds, concepts, or letters, or it may rely on letters that have
specific meanings. Some shorthand systems are even specially coded for a
from outsiders.
transcription are two tricky words: they have something in common used for
may take some extra time but definitely much more comprehensible and user
friendly.
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12
In the article of ElizabethHipp-ehipp (2012), a stenographer is used for
that allows them to type in shorthand. They are often called on especially in
courtroom to read back what was said to help clarify dialogue for the listener.
room, Stenotype machine which are shaped like typewriters, allow court
reporters to press multiple keys at the same time to record letter combinations
records, translates, and displays the result the results. In addition to transcribing
events, stenographers are responsible for creating and maintaining the computer
dictionary they use for translating keystrokes with their stenography machines
which are shaped like typewriters, allow court reports to press multiple. Keep at
the same time to record letter combinations representing sound, phrases and
people study stenography because they recognize its usefulness in any job.
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13
Stenography is commonly used by secretaries in different fields of their work. It is
In the article of Morin M, et al. (2007), there are hundreds of people who
have taught themselves stenography with free resources online, and now use
don’t need to reach 225 words per minute (WPM), the certified court reporter
Level of Skills
that is used to bridge regular spoken and written language. It consists of a unique
set of skills that involves various critical brain modules, including auditory,
14
Based from the study of Kinesh Patel et al. (2012), entitled “Digital
has been a problem for the National Health Services (NHS) for many years. The
posts often being filled by temporary staff, which itself can add to difficulties in the
are highly needed to determine the ability of the students in handling shorthand.
Skills in human relation, management ability, recording, filling skills, oral and
written communication skills are the skills needed by the industry since they are
the most common skills; machine and written stenography skill are skills that are
moderately needed by the industry since they are not common use in daily
business transaction.
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15
According to the literature of Jenry Erickson (2013), which states the
Office Administration. Tourism Management and other courses that fall under the
showed that woman is better those men in terms of doing tasks aligned with
resolving conflicts, keeping people on task, and staying organized. The study of
Balang et al. (2016) which states most of the students could be able to focus on
their studies and cope with the difficulties without having problems about time
system of the Philippine National Police in Iriga City”, they stated that there is a
need to have knowledge and skills on how to operate different kinds of machines
and equipment and also know its potentials which will serve to increase the
improving the skills of BSOA students through training and computer literacy and
16
communication skills, should have enough exposure in operating modern office
skills, and ability to deal with other people can develop an attitude of being
must have a pleasing personality. The employees must maintain their skills in
typing and stenography skills. The employees must develop their skills to
become more efficient and productive. They must acquire through actual practice
and experience in which persons have opportunity to perform pressure and learn
by mistake.
Challenges Encountered
Students experience tension, inability of students to retain what they have learnt,
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17
poor English language background, low vocabulary knowledge, lack of career
In the study of Pino (2011), she aimed to know the factors that would
possibly affect the speed in writing shorthand. She determined five factors that
can affect the speed in writing shorthand such as; vocabulary, writing tools,
environmental factor, teacher, time spent for practice and mental ability.
The results shows that majority of the students encounter difficulties and
problems in the learning of shorthand. The result also show that the shorthand
Students of Partido State University, had found out that the difficulties met by the
male and female respondents in stenography were memorizing the different rule
and principles in combining or joining the word in shorthand and they were lack
of mastery in steno alphabet and resulted to have poor writing the different
strokes of words. These result revealed the fact that both male and female
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18
respondents had the same difficulties and the same indicates that they need
more practice in reading to improve and achieved the highest level based from
rapidly as the dictator gives it, change immediately or make correction during
dictation as well as unable to recall to use brief forms and derivatives while
encountered are unfamiliar with the steno alphabet letters, brief forms, phrases
and abbreviation and slowness and inaccuracy in reading the transcribed words.
dictation completely, and unable to read dictated data: wherein most students
experience in handling steno machine, difficulties with the use of steno machine,
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19
and different stenographic strokes, unable to read transcription, and instructors
who are unable to assist all students for individual instruction which are also
Polytechnic Colleges” reveals that the laboratory materials were not really
(2012) and Morin M, et al (2007) are related to the present study because it
and court reporters in different fields of their work such us during lecture,
business meetings, court hearings as well as in the medical field to record the
information of their patients. Only that the present study focuses on the
20
The study of Kinesh Patel et al. (2012), Agapito (2009), Estallo et al
(2009), Faustino (2009) and Briones (2009) has relevance to the present study
since both are focusing on the office skills, secretarial duties, digital dictation and
voice transcription and the needed skills and knowledge of the Bachelor of
However, it differs because the former study focused on the skills needed by the
(2012), Bron, Delgado and Tubiron (2008), Pino (2011), and Project Championz
(2017) perceptions are related to the present study because it tackled the
not really enough to a 1:1 ratio. Only that, it differs from the previous study
students in Stenography.
Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework of this study was anchored in the theory of Self-
21
According to Bandura, self-efficacy is a person’s particular set of beliefs
that determine how well one can execute a plan of action in prospective
themselves as highly efficacious act, think and feel differently from those who
perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than
simply foretell it. (Bandura, 2012). Through self-reflection, people make sense of
their experiences, explore their own cognition and self-beliefs, engage in self-
achieve their goals despite all the difficulties and hardships in life. If one is
motivated, hard things will become easy one. Even if how hard the examinations,
projects, or quizzes as long as one believes in oneself, things can be done. Self-
efficacy has influence over people’s ability to learn, their motivation and their
performance, as people will often attempt to learn and perform only those task for
22
Self-Efficacy Theory
BSOA Students
Performance Performance
Action Plan
Figure 1
THEORETICAL PARADIGM
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23
The researchers find the theory relevant to the present study for which it
shorthand and machine shorthand that greatly affects the respondents that leads
to challenges
Conceptual Framework
INPUT. This includes the profile of the students. The Stenography skills
shorthand and machine shorthand. This input provides the researchers with
and records review, the analysis and interpretation of data, the test of significant
Stenography.
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24
OUTPUT. This includes the proposed recommendations to address the
were effective to the study. The significance of the arrow from output going to
input is the contribution and assessment of the effectiveness of the study and if
1. Data gathering
1. Profile of the through:
respondents.
a. Questionnaire
2. The Stenography b. Records Review
skills possessed by Recommendations
Bachelor of Science in 2. Analysis and to address the
Office Administration
Students along:
Interpretation of Data Challenges
3. Test of significant Encountered of
a. Manual Shorthand relationship Bachelor of Science
b. Machine Shorthand
in Office
4. Formulation of
3. Challenges recommendations to Administration
encountered of
Bachelor of Science in
address the Students in
Challenges
Office Administration Encountered of
Stenography
Students in Bachelor of Science in
Stenography along: Office Administration
Students in
a. Manual Shorthand Stenography
b. Machine Shorthand
FEEDBACK
Figure 2
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
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NOTES
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter is the presentation of the methods used and the procedure of
questionnaires, and the statistical tool applied to the collected data to establish
Research Method
interpret the answer to the problems of the study. It includes the present facts
and current condition concerning the nature of the group of persons. This is the
most applicable in the presentation of the date because the researcher sought
from the respondents could better draw the necessary information in relation to
the study.
answers the questions who, where, when and how. (Sevilla, 1992).
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The Respondents
The respondents play a vital role in this study. This serve as the main
source of information needed for the realization of this study. The respondents
will be the 50 students from 2nd year to 4th year selected students of Bachelor of
Table 1
Number of Respondents
Selected BSOA Students Sample Population
Second Year 17
Third Year 17
Fourth Year 16
Total 50
The main data gathering instrument used in this study was questionnaire
checklist through google forms, which was designed and prepared by the
researchers and validated before it was sent out. The google will be sent through
their (section) group chat to elicit response from the respondents about the
30
Questionnaire
The main instrument used in collecting data was the questionnaire and it
form. The questionnaire was applied to take in all questions design from the
statement of the problem. This instrument is used in gathering data from the
analysis software can easily process. This instrument is more convenient than
interview because you can save time. As it was made up, it was sub-divided into
three categories. The Part I will be composed of the Profile of the Students in
terms of age, sex civil status and year level. Part II. The Stenography skills
thesis and browsing in the internet from their efforts to gather information
31
Validation of Questionnaire
A dry run was conducted to ten (10) BSOA Students in the Campus in
submitted the questionnaires to the adviser to review. Taking notes for comments
and suggestions was a must. The researchers also considered the result of the
from the professor as well as the Dean of the College of Business Management
Records Review
secured the list of the officially enrolled students in Bachelor of Science in Office
Statistical Treatment
Statistical tools were used to aid the researchers in the analysis and
32
1. Percentage technique will be used to quantify the tabulated responses.
f
P= x 100%
n
Where:
P = Percentage
f = Frequency
n = Number of Respondents
2. Weighted Mean was used to find out the extent of the responses on the
categorized in areas.
TWF
WM =
N
Where:
WM = Weighted Mean
33
3. Pearson Product Moment Correlation
y
x i−x́ ¿2
¿
y
¿
¿ i− ý ¿2
¿
¿
¿
∑¿
√¿
∑ ( xi− x́ ) (¿¿ i− ý )
¿
r=¿
Where:
r = correlation coefficient
34
Verbal Interpretation
To get the stenography skills possessed by the BSOA students, the scale
4 3.50-4.00 Excellent
1 1.00-1.49 Good
On the other hand, to obtain the scaling for the challenges encountered of
35
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NOTES
CHAPTER 4
interpretation in order to provide better insight of the study. The analysis of the
the study.
Table 1
Age Distribution by the Respondents
Age. Out of fifty (50) respondents, one (1) or 2% belong to the range of
17-28; sixteen (16) or 32% belong to the range of 19-20; twenty three (23) or
46% belongs to the range of 21-22; ten (10) or 20% belongs to the range of 23
and above.
Table 3
Sex Distribution by the Respondents
Sex. Out of fifty (50) respondents, eleven (11) or 22% are male and thirty-
nine (39) or 78% are female. This implies that the majority of the Office
women.
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states that Office Administration. Tourism Management and other courses that fall
Studies showed that woman is better those men in terms of doing tasks aligned
Table 3
Civil Status Distribution by the Respondents
Civil Status Frequency Percentage
Single 50 100%
Married 0
Total 50 100%
Civil Status. Fifty (50) or 100% are single, which only manifest a social
responsibility in prioritizing studies over and above other concerns and priorities.
This was supported by the study of Balang et al 2016 which states that
most of the students could be able to focus on their studies and cope with the
Table 4
Year Level Distribution by the Respondents
Year Level Frequency Percentage
2nd year 17 34%
3rd year 17 34%
4th year 16 32%
Total 50 100%
Table 4 Year Level Distribution by the Respondents
Year Level. Seventeen (17) or 34% are 2nd year, seventeen (17) or 34%
are 3rd year, and sixteen (16) or 32% are 4 th year students. This implies that the
2nd year and 3rd year students are more populated than 4th year students.
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Students in Stenography
This area presents the Stenography skills of 2 nd year, 3rd year and 4th year
Shorthand. Table 5 shows the Stenography skills of the BSOA students along
Manual Shorthand.
Table 5 shows that the skills possessed by the BSOA students in manual
transcription and has considerable knowledge of English vocabulary got the first
rank with a weighted mean of 3.02 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Third in
rank was familiar with strokes of steno alphabet, brief forms, derivatives and
Fourth was know how to blend the letters by combining the words into one stroke
with a weighted mean of 2.80 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Fifth was able
weighted mean of 2.72 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Sixth was able to
transcribe rapidly but accurately with a weighted mean of 2.56 and interpreted as
correction in case dictation with a weighted mean of 2.52 and interpreted as very
satisfactory. Eight in rank was able to construct outlines for unfamiliar words
satisfactory. Ninth in rank was know how to blend the letters by combining the
words into one stroke with a weighted mean of 2.36 and interpreted as
satisfactory. Lastly, can take dictation at 100 words per minute with a got the
Table 5
Stenography Skills of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students along Manual Shorthand
From the foregoing data, it only implies that the BSOA students
really grasped the lessons they were given in terms of the basic shorthand
are also good in terms of English vocabulary. However, the students find difficulty
in coping with verbal dictation considering that it requires speed and accuracy
which is usually dictated under time pressure, entails active listening skills and
(2011), she aimed to know the factors that would possibly affect the speed in
writing shorthand. She determined five factors that can affect the speed in writing
shorthand such as; vocabulary, writing tools, environmental factor, teacher, time
Table 6
Stenography Skills of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students along Machine Shorthand
Table 6 shows that the skills possessed by the BSOA students in machine
got the first rank with a weighted mean of 2.92 and interpreted as very
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satisfactory. Second in rank was can identify the different parts of steno machine
with a weighted mean of 2.80 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Third was has
interpreted as very satisfactory. Fourth was able to manipulate the steno machine
with a weighted mean of 2.56 and interpreted as very satisfactory. Fifth was can
exhibit proper home key position when typing got the sixth rank with a weighted
mean of 2.34 and interpreted as satisfactory. Eight in rank was able to take
dictation and read touch notes with a weighted mean of 2.30 and interpreted as
satisfactory. Ninth in rank was able to transcribe rapidly but accurately with a
weighted mean of 2.24 and interpreted as satisfactory. Can take dictation at 100
words per minute got the lowest weighted mean of 2.00 and interpreted as
satisfactory.
It implies that the respondents are familiar with steno chords of alphabet,
This finding is supported by Estallo et al. (2009)”, they stated that there
machines and equipment and also know its potentials which will serve to
manual shorthand.
Table 7
Challenges Encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students along Manual Shorthand
along manual shorthand have an average weighted mean of 2.70 and interpreted
as seldom encountered. Unable to take dictation at 85-100 words per minute got
the first rank with a weighted mean of 2.66 and interpreted as often encountered.
Second in Limited time in doing exercises with a weighted mean of 2.48 and
corrections during dictation got the third rank with a weighted mean of 2.46 and
with a weighted mean of 2.44 and interpreted as seldom encountered. Sixth was
unable to read dictated notes with a weighted mean of 2.42 and interpreted as
paragraphs and unable to transcribe rapidly and accurately got the seventh rank
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rank was limited learning activities and assessment provided with a weighted
materials used during discussion got the tenth rank with a weighted mean of 2.33
Data implies that the students are really adept in the basic principles of
shorthand that they did not find difficulty in most of the indicators stated in the
questionnaire. Their interest in the subject has a great impact on their learning
style and attitude that they did not encounter any difficulty in the subject.
However, unable to take dictation at 85-100 words per minute was the challenge
out that the difficulties met by the male and female respondents in stenography
were memorizing the different rule and principles in combining or joining the word
in shorthand and they were lack of mastery in steno alphabet and resulted to
have poor writing the different strokes of words. These result revealed the fact
that both male and female respondents had the same difficulties and the same
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indicates that they need more practice in reading to improve and achieved the
machine shorthand.
Table 8
Challenges Encountered of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Students along Machine Shorthand
machine shorthand have an average weighted mean is 2.70 with the verbal
interpreted as often encountered with the average weighted mean of 2.70. Both
limited space in the laboratory and malfunctioning of some steno machine got the
first rank with a weighted mean of 2.84. Third in rank was limited number of
hours given in the use of laboratory with a weighted mean of 2.76. Fourth in rank
was Limited number of steno machine with a weighted mean of 2.74. Fifth was
inability to transcribe rapidly and accurately with a weighted mean of 2.68. Sixth
was poor ventilation and lack of exhaust system in the laboratory with a weighted
words, sentences, and paragraphs and unable to take dictation and read touch
notes got the seventh rank with a weighted mean of 2.64. Tenth in rank was
unable to take dictation at 100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.60.
It implies that the respondents have limited space in the laboratory and
shorthand.
terms of Machine Shorthand, the computed value is -1.14 while the tabular value
computed value is 0.69 with 2.306 level of significance. It has been noted that the
computed value is less than the tabular values hence the null hypothesis will be
Stenography.
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Table 9
Significant Relationship between the Stenography Skills and the
Chapter 5
SUMMARY
students in Stenography?
a. Manual Shorthand
b. Machine Shorthand
a. Manual Shorthand
b. Machine Shorthand
4. How significant is the relationship between the Stenography skills and the
Stenography?
1. The profile of the BSOA students in Stenography varies the age, sex, civil
Administration students from 2nd year to 4th year level who have taken up subjects
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Students in Stenography.
Correlation. The researchers believe that the outcome of this study will be
future researchers.
FINDINGS
The following are the findings of the study based from the data gathered
priorities.
or 34% are 3rd year, and 16 or 32% are 4th year students. This implies
that the 2nd year and 3rd year students are more populated than 4 th
year students.
steno alphabet, brief forms, derivatives and phrases with a weighted mean of
2.92 and interpreted as very satisfactory. It was followed by know how to blend
the letters by combining the words into one stroke with a weighted mean of 2.80
combination of brief forms derivatives and phrases with a weighted mean of 2.72
but accurately with a weighted mean of 2.56 and interpreted as very satisfactory.
followed by able to construct outlines for unfamiliar words under stress dictation
know how to blend the letters by combining the words into one stroke with a
can take dictation at 100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.10 and
interpreted as satisfactory.
The average of all the aspects in stenography skills along manual shorthand
can identify the different parts of steno machine with a weighted mean of 2.80
as very satisfactory. It was followed by able to manipulate the steno machine with
mastery of keyboard and exhibit proper home key position when typing with a
take dictation and read touch notes with a weighted mean of 2.30 and interpreted
weighted mean of 2.24 and interpreted as satisfactory. And lastly, it was followed
by can take dictation at 100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.00 and
interpreted as satisfactory.
take dictation at 85-100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.66 and
followed by unable to take dictation completely with a weighted mean of 2.44 and
and unable to transcribe rapidly and accurately with a weighted mean of 2.40 and
used during discussion with a weighted mean of 2.33 and interpreted as seldom
encountered.
limited space in the laboratory and malfunctioning of some steno machine with a
limited number of hours given in the use of laboratory with a weighted mean of
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by poor ventilation and lack of exhaust system in the laboratory with a weighted
and unable to take dictation and read touch notes with a weighted mean of 2.64
take dictation at 100 words per minute with a weighted mean of 2.60 and
encountered in stenography
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CONCLUSIONS
Based from the foregoing findings, the following conclusions are drawn:
abbreviations.
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shorthand.
in the laboratory.
shorthand
stenography so that they can master now and through the coming years
2. The instructors can enhanced instructional materials using the results and
3. Additional time allotted for the subject for the students to have enough
program.
from other State Universities and colleges offering BSOA program in order
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____________________
Dear Respondent:
Greetings!
Please feel free to answer the questions honestly and rest assured that
your responses will be treated confidentially.
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Your answers will be of great help to determine the outcomes of our study.
ANGELA F. CAPISTRANO
MARGIE T. FULGENCIO
JOMEL B. GENERAL
MARY GRACE LUCEÑA
RAYMUND P. NARDO
NOTED:
QUESTIONNAIRE
Direction: Please fill each item of the appropriate answer by checking the
bracket.
Age:
( ) 17-18 years old
( ) 19-20 years old
( ) 21-22 years old
( ) 23 and above
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Sex:
( ) Male
( ) Female
Civil Status:
( ) Single
( ) Married
Year Level:
( ) 2nd
( ) 3rd
( ) 4th
Scale Description
4 Excellent
3 Very Satisfactory
2 Satisfactory
1 Good
A. Manual Shorthand 4 3 2 1
1. Has knowledge of the basic shorthand principles and
elements of transcription.
2. Familiar with strokes of steno alphabet, brief forms,
derivatives and phrases.
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
B. Machine Shorthand 4 3 2 1
1. Familiar with steno chords of alphabet, derivatives,
phrases and abbreviations.
2. Able to manipulate the steno machine.
3. Has considerable knowledge of English vocabulary.
4. Showcase mastery of keyboard.
5. Able to take dictation and read touch notes.
6. Able to transcribe rapidly but accurately.
7. Can take dictation at 100 words per minute.
8. Exhibit proper home key position when typing.
9. Can identify the different parts of steno machine.
10. Can immediately make changes or correction in case
dictation.
Scale Description
4 Always Encountered
3 Often Encountered
2 Seldom Encountered
1 Never Encountered
A. Manual Shorthand 4 3 2 1
1. Unable to take dictation at 85-100 words per minute.
2. Lack of instructional materials used during discussion.
3. Unable to take dictation completely.
4. Poor enunciation of dictated words, sentences, and
paragraphs.
5. Limited learning activities and assessment provided.
6. Unable to read dictated notes.
7. Unable to transcribe rapidly and accurately.
8. Lack of mastery and familiarization of steno strokes and
outlines.
9. Limited time in doing exercises.
10. Unable to change immediately or make corrections during
dictation.
B. Machine Shorthand 4 3 2 1
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
A. BOOKS
B. UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS
C. INTERNET