Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Macro Reviewer de Guzman
Macro Reviewer de Guzman
Industry Milestones
776 BC Games are held in honor of Apollo at Olympia in Greece. People travelled from far and
wide to attend.
312 BC Building begins on the Appian Way, one of he earliest paved roads, stretching from Rome to
Capua, 19 miles north of Naples, Italy.
1220 AD The Roman Catholic Church constructs Gothic cathedrals in Europe that will attract pilgrims
and sightseers for generations to come.
1275 - 1292 Marco Polo explores the routes from Europe to China, stopping along the way at primitive
caravansaries (inns).
1394 In England, a ship captain receives a "pilgrim-shipper's" license. The most popular
destination is Santiago de Compostela, Spain, to see the alleged tomb of St. James.
1759 The British Museum opens to the public. Before then, collections were either private or
owned by the church.
1800s The Industrial Revolution changes the work people do and the way they do it, building the
middle class, and allowing free time for the pursuit of leisure interests and travel.
1841 In England, Thomas Cook organizes a group tour for 570 people- a day's excursion by train
to a temperance meeting
1850s Prince Grimaldi of Monaco develops his poor country as a winter health resort with a
gambling casino. His success enables Monaco to abolish income taxes. Monaco may be the first country
to solve its economic problems through tourism.
1883 The railroads' need for precise timetables leads the United States to establish standard time
zones.
1920s The suntan becomes the emblem of health and beauty and influences people's choice of
vacation destinations.
1929 The first American travel industry journal, Travel Trade, makes its debut.
1935 Duncan Hines, a traveling salesman, compiles a list of his 167 favorite places to eat and
sends copies as greeting cards. The requests for his list result in Adventures in Good Eating, one of the
first restaurant guides.
1941 In England, the jet aircraft, designed for military service, makes its debut.
1947 Bugsy Siegel builds a hotel and casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, transforming the sleepy desert
town into a destination specializing in entertainment.
1955 Arthur Frommer self-publishes his G.I.'s Guide to Europe, priced at 55 cents, the percursor
to his $5 a Day travel guides.
1970 On January 22, a Pan American 747, built by the Boeing Co., taxis on the runway at JFK
International Airport and takes off for London's Heathrow Airport.
1976 The Ruse Company opens its first festival marketplace - Boston's Faneuil Hall/ Quincy
Market, dedicated to attracting tourists and locals to the city's historic center.
1990s Preservation and ecotourism are the rallying cries of concerned destinations. Special travel
interests become the focus of sales. World terrorism impacts the industry.
2001 The 9/11 attack in the United States affects the industry.
2007 The Airbus A380 makes its debut, which could accommodate about 850 passengers.
2008 The airline industry became 100% ticketless. The era of e-tickets began.
2010 The low-cost airlines began to take a lead over full service airlines, and continue to do so
2018 Gevora Hotel in Dubai became the tallest hotel in the world, complete with certification as
a Guinness World Record
2020 The global pandemic, COVID-19 hits the world, and affected all industries in the world.
Classical Antiquity. In ancient Greece and Rome, spas and bathhouses often provided sleeping
facilities and were popular attractions for those seeking rest and relaxation. A bordello in Classical
Pompeii is considered to be the first hospitality establishment that charged for lodging.
Middle Ages. In Japan, the first two hotels in history (guest houses called ryokans) were built in the
early 700s. In the Middle East, caravansaries were a resting place for caravans along the Silk Road, and
refugees served pilgrims and crusaders on their way to the Holy Land. In China and Mongolia, staging
posts provided shelter for couriers and allowed horses to be changed more easily.
In Europe, cloisters and abbeys provided free accommodation to travelers. Gradually, inns and
guesthouses began to open on popular trade routes to provide lodging for traveling merchants and their
horses.
1600s. More than 600 inns were registered in England; the English and French governments began
to introduce laws regulating them. Thermal spas with lodging were developed at Karlovy in the Czech
Republic. The first guidebooks for travelers were published in France.
Early 1700s. Masonic Lodges began to appear in North America. In Paris, the Place Vendome
offered the first example of a multiple-use architectural complex, including boutiques, offices,
apartments and hotels.
1760s. The Industrial Revolution spurred the construction of hotels acrossEurope and the United
States.
Early 1800s. The first modern hotel built in England, with a full complement of facilities, was the
Royal Hotel in Plymouth. Holiday resorts began to flourish along the French and Italian rivieras. In
Japan, ryokan guest houses proliferated; in India, dak bungalows run by the British government served
travelers.
1829. The Tremont House in Boston was the first hotel to provide inside toilets, locks on the doors,
and bellboys.
1832. Holt's hotel boasted the first steam-powered elevator in New York City.
1862. Le Grand HotelParis opened, the largest and most luxurious in Europe, decorated by top
painters.
1870. The Palmer House Hotel in Chicago was the first hotel built to be fire resistant and the first
to offer telephones in all its rooms.
1873. The Palais Wurttemberg inVienna was transformed into the Hotel Imperial, a superb luxury
residence for the notables of the era.
1888. The Hotel Victoria in Kansas City, Missouri, was the first to offer an en suite bathroom with
every room.
1893. The first school for hoteliers. Ecole hoteliere de Lausanne, was founded in Lausanne,
Switzerland. That same year, the Waldorf Astoria in New York opened its doors. It was the first hotel to
offer room service; its maitre d' created the Waldorf salad.
Early 20th century. The early years of the twentieth century saw the construction of new luxury
hotels. The Ritz in Madrid, the Savoy in London, the Beau Rivage Palace in Lausanne, the Plaza in New
York, the Metropole in Brussels, the Plaza-Athenee in Paris, the Taj Mahal in Bombay, etc. During this
period, Switzerland built its first ski resorts.
1923. La Mamounia was built among gardens in Marrakech, Morocco; many considered it to be the
most beautiful hotel in the world.
1927. Hot Shoppes was founded in Washington D.C., a hospitality company that later became
Marriott Corp.
1950s. After the Great Depression and the war, the 50's saw a second boom in the hotel industry,
including the advent of Club Med, the first casino hotels, the first hotels developed by airline companies,
and new resorts flourishing around the Mediterranean. In the United States, Holiday Inn and Howard
Johnson's motor lodges were founded; 35,000 motels were built between 1939 and 1960.
Latter half of the 20th century. Thanks to various social and economic factors, middle-class people
had more time and money to indulge in travel. Hotels began to diversify, catering to different budgets
and interests (spas, casinos, motels, hostels, resorts, conference hotels) and offering a more varied
range of services.
1970. Hotels catering to business people began to proliferate, especially in the Middle East, Europe
and North America.
1980s. The third boom in the hotel industry began in 1980. International hotel chains (mostly
American) expand in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.
Digital age. Software companies began developing new tools for the hospitality industry that are
still evolving today, including customer databases any systems for reservations, room and housekeeping
management, customer preferences, loyalty programs and more.
1993. The travel industry was quick to take advantage of the advent of the Internet, giving
customers the opportunity to compare, book and review hotels from their home
1997. Hotel Adlon Berlin, destroyed in 1945, is rebuilt for $260 million on its original site facing the
Brandenburg Gate. Its exterior is a virtual replica of the original; inside, the rooms are the ultimate in
luxury.
Early 21st century. Global corporate hotel chains merge and acquire each other. InterContinental
Hotel Group now owns Holiday Inn and Crowne Plaza; Marriott owns Renaissance; AccorHotels owns
the brands Raffles, Sofitel and Novotel.
2009. AirBnB is founded, challenging the hotel industry by attracting tourists and taking market
share. Hotels respond with creative marketing approaches, including social media campaigns and
personalized customer experiences created through smart devices.
2014. The Waldorf Astoria New York is sold to the Chinese Anbang Insurance Group for $1.95
billion, the most ever paid for a hotel.
2015. The First World Hotel in Pahang, Malaysia, expands to become the largest hotel in the world,
with 7351 rooms.
Department of Tourism
MISSION
The Department of Tourism (DOT) shall be the primary government agency charged with the
responsibility to encourage, promote, and develop tourism as a major socio-economic activity to
generate foreign currency and employment and to spread the benefits of tourism to both the private
and public sector.
SECTOR:
Sec. Christina Frasco
designate, regulate and supervise the Tourism Enterprise Zones with the primary objective of
encouraging investments
develop, manage and supervise tourism infrastructure projects
ensure strict compliance of the TEZ operator with the approved development plan
continue to exercise functions previously exercised by the PTA (Philippine Tourism Authority)
under Presidential Decree No. 564, unless otherwise inconsistent with other provisions of this
Act.
- implementing arm of the Department of Tourism
- develop tourist zones
- assist private enterprise
- assure and availability
- coordinate all tourist project plans and operations
Intramuros Administration
The Intramuros Administration (IA) is responsible for the orderly restoration and development of
Intramuros as a monument to the Hispanic period in Philippine history. It ensures that the general
appearance of Intramuros conforms to the Philippine-Spanish architecture of the 16th to the 19th
century.
1. promulgate programs geared to the development of the country as a premier diving area in Asia
2. formulate rules, regulations, safety standards and operating procedures to implement the
development of Sports SCUBA Diving
3. undertake studies, researches and surveys for possible incentives to the private sector who may
wish to undertake projects and programs beneficial to the development of SCUBA Diving
Tourism within the framework of related presidential decrees.
4. formulate and implement programs on marine conservation, particularly those areas of high
touristic values.
SELF-CATERED ACCOMMODATION
Self-catered or non-catered accommodation are types of accommodation that do not offer food. Self-
catered accommodations offer cooking facilities, such as a small kitchen and cooking equipment. Non-
catered accommodation is likely a room-only accommodation is likely a room-only accommodation with
no cooking facilities. Products and services that are typically offered in self-catered and non-catered
accommodation options include the following: rooms, kitchen, tent, caravan pitch, entertainment, sports
facilities, laundry services and showers.
COTTAGES - typically a small, cozy house that is classed as being old or traditional. It provides
tourists with the opportunity for a "home from home" experience. Guests can usually cook, do
laundry, and watch TV, as they would in their own home.
APARTMENTS - are popular self-catering accommodation option. Apartments are found in many
areas, but are most common in built up areas such as towns and cities and busy resorts.
Apartments can be large or small and can range from short-term to long-term agreements.
HOSTELS - same as youth hostels, except, they may not provide provisions for catering. Some
hostels have a communal area, such as a seating area or kitchen, whereas others may not.
BOATS - renting own boat and sleeping on it, like yachts, canal boats and house boats
LOG CABINS - defined by the material that they are built with - logs. They can be small or large
and have varying facilities inside.
MOTELS - a hotel room with a parking space. They usually offer simple room-only
accommodation, but some may have simple cooking facilities.
APARTHOTELS - offers a combination of what you get in a typically hotel with the facilities
associated with an apartment.
CARAVANS - can be transported from place to place, or they can be situated in one location, most
are located close to the seaside.
STATIC OR TOURISM MOTORHOMES - a vehicle that enables you to travel in it by day and sleep
in it by night. Some motorhomes are the size of small vans, with limited facilities and
functions. Other motorhomes are large recreational vehicles (RVs) that come with all the
conveniences including a kitchen and bathroom.
CAMPING - TENTS, YURTS, TEPEES - Camping is often one of the cheapest types of
accommodation, especially if you have your own tent. All you need to do is your spot on a camp
site. Many camp sites also offer camping with additional amenities, such as a bed, wardrobe,
lamps, etc. This is often referred to as glamping.
Recreation can be defined as the pursuit of leisure activities during one's spare time and can include
vastly different activities such as golf, sport fishing, and rock climbing. In tourism, outdoor recreation can
be defined as " outdoor activities that take place in a natural setting, as opposed to a highly cultivated or
managed landscape such as a playing field or golf course. This term is typically applied to outdoor
activities in which individuals engage close to their community. When these activities are further away,
and people must travel some distance to participate in them, they are often described as "adventure
tourism."
ENTERTAINMENT
In the tourism industry, there are two major types of entertainment, gaming and theme parks.
GAMING
Gaming has grown significantly in the US and globally. The number of casinos in the US has been growing
since 2010, and in 2013, there were over 500 commercial casinos. Most casinos involve other facets of
the hospitality industry such as lodging, F&B, golf, entertainment, spas, etc., but they also have the added
challenges of casino operations.
THEME PARKS
Theme parks have a long history dating back to the 1500's in Europe, and have evolved ever
since. Today, it is hard not to compare any amusement park destination to Disneyland and Disney
world. Opened in 1955 in California, Disneyland set the standard for theme parks. Theme parks outside
of California and Florida are often highly seasonable operations challenged with significant staffing and
training requirements each year.
Travel Services
The travel services sector is made up of a complex web of relationships between a variety of suppliers,
tourism products, destination marketing organizations, tour operators, and travel agents, among many
others.
Travel agencies
o A travel agency is a business that operates as the intermediary between the travel industry
(supplier) and the traveler (purchaser). Part of the role of the travel agency is to market
prepackaged travel tours and holidays to potential travelers. The agency can further function as
a broker between the traveler and hotels, car rentals, and tour companies. Travel agencies can
be small and privately owned or part of a larger entity.
Online travel agencies
o Online travel agents are companies that aggregate accommodations and transportation options
and allow users to choose one or many components of their trip based on price or other
incentives. Examples of OTAs include Booking.com, Expedia.com, Kayak.com.
Tour operators
o A tour operator packages all or most of the components of an offered trip and then sells them to
the traveler. These packages can also be sold through retail outlets or travel agencies. Tour
operators work closely with hotels, transportation providers, and attractions in order to purchase
large volumes of each component and package these at a better rate than the traveler could by
purchasing individually.
SECTION 3. OBJECTIVES - Pursuant to the above declaration, the State shall adopt the following
objectives:
a. Develop a national tourism action plan and work for its adoption and implementation by national
and local governments;
b. Encourage activités and programs which promote tourism awareness, preserve the country's
diverse cultures and heritage, and instill a sense of history and a culture of tourism among the
youth and populace;
c. All things being equal, grant preferential treatment to the employment of Filipino nationals in
tourism-related enterprises;
d. Provide full government assistance by way of competitive investment incentives, long-term
development fund and other financing schemes extended to tourism related investments;
e. Ensure that tourism development protects and promotes the general well-being of the Filipino
people, particularly in the area of investment, to include the monitoring and prevention of any
act of profiteering or speculation to the detriment of local residents, as well as the exploitation of
women and children in tourism;
f. Encourage competition in the tourism industry and maximize consumer choice by enhancing the
continued viability of the retail travel industry and independent tour operation industry;
g. Enhance the collection, analysis and dissemination of data which accurately measure the
economic and social impact of tourism in the country to facilitate planning in the public and
private sectors;
h. Ensure the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology through the promotion of
activities geared towards environmental protection, conservation and restorations;
i. Develop responsible tourism as a strategy for environmentally sound and community
participatory tourism programs, enlisting the participation of local communities, including
indigenous peoples, in conserving bio-physical and cultural diversity, promoting environmental
understanding and education, providing assistance in the determination of ecotourism sites and
ensuring full enjoyment of the benefits of tourism by the concerned communities;
j. Strengthen the role of tourism councils and encourage the participation of non-government
organizations (NGOs), people's organizations (POs) and the private sector in initiating programs
for tourism development and environmental protection;
k. Promote the progressive development of existing civil aviation, land and sea transportation
policies as they relate to tourism, in consonance with existing bilateral agreements and inter-
agency pronouncements;
l. Promote and ensure the convention-handling capability of the country as a world-class
convention center;
m. Achieve a balance in tourism development between urban and rural areas in order to spread the
benefits of tourism and contribute to poverty alleviation, better access to infrastructure and to a
reduction in regional imbalances;
n. Enhance capability-building of local government units (LGUs), in partnership with the private
sector, in the management of local tourism projects and initiatives, thereby ensuring accessible
and affordable destinations throughout the country, especially in areas which have shown strong
comparative advantage;
o. Maintain international standards of excellence in all tourism facilities and services, and promote
the country as a safe and wholesome tourist destination;
p. Enhance international business relations for the support of tourism projects of the private sector,
through partnerships, joint ventures and other cooperative undertakings involving local and
foreign investors;
q. Support the establishment of tourism enterprise zones (TEZs), which will provide the necessary
vehicle to coordinate actions of the public and private sectors to address development barriers,
attract and focus investment on specific geographic areas and upgrade product and service
quality; and
r. Ensure a sustainable funding mechanism for the implementation of tourism policies, plans,
programs, projects and activities.
Chapter 1 Section 4
Section 4. Definition of Terms
The following items, as used in this Act, are defined as follows:
a. "Department" refers to the Department of Tourism created pursuant to Presidential Decree No.
189 (1973), as amended;
b. "Secretary" refers to the Secretary of Tourism'
c. "Duty Free Philippines" (DFP) refers to the government agency created pursuant to Executive
Order No. 46 (1986);
d. "Duty Free Philippines Corporation" (DFPC) refers to the corporate created out of DFP pursuant
to this Act;
e. "Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation" (PCVC) refers to the corporate entity created
pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 867, as amended;
f. "Intramuros Administration" (IA) refers to the government agency created pursuant to
Presidential Decree No. 1616 (1979), as amended;
g. "Philippine retirement Authority" (PRA) refers to the government agency created pursuant to
Executive Order No. 1037 (1985);
h. "Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority"(TIEZA) refers to the government agency
created pursuant to this Act;
i. "Tourism Enterprise Zone" (TEZ) refers to tourism enterprise zones created pursuant to this Act;
j. "TEZ Overseer" refers to any person who shall be appointed by the TIEZA" in specific zones to
perform such functions as may be delegated by the TIEZA in accordance with law;
k. "TEZ Operator" refers to an entity duly incorporated under Batas Pambansa Blg. 68, otherwise
known as the Corporation Code of the Philippines, and other relevant laws, whose capital may be
provided by LGUs and/or private entities, and which shall administer and supervise the TEZ;
l. "TEZ Administrator" refers to the person appointed by the Board of Directors of a TEZ Operator
who shall be responsible for implementing the policies, plans and projects of the TEZ Operator;
m. "Registered Enterprise" refers to an enterprise located within a TEZ that is duly registered with
the TIEZA;
n. "Philippine Tourism Authority" (PTA) refers to the existing implementation arm of the Department
of Tourism created pursuant to the Presidential Decree No. 189 (1973), as amended;
o. "Tourism Promotions Board" (TPB) refers to the body corporate created under this Act;
p. "Tourism enterprises" refers to facilities, services and attractions involved in tourism, such as, but
not limited to: travel and tour services; tourist transport services, whether for land, sea or air
transportation; tour guides; adventure sports services involving such sports as mountaineering,
spelunking, scuba diving, and other sports activities of significant tourism potential; convention
organizers; accommodation establishments, including, but not limited to hotels, resorts,
apartelles, tourist inns, motels, pension houses, and home stay operators; tourism estate
management services, restaurants, shops and department stores, sports and recreational centers,
spas, museums and galleries, theme parks, convention centers and zoos;
q. "Primary tourism enterprises" refers to travel and tour services; land, sea and air transport
services exclusively for tourist use; accommodation establishments; convention and exhibition
organizers; tourism estate management services; and such other enterprises as may be identified
by the Secretary, after due consultation with concerned sectors;
r. "Secondary tourism enterprises" refers to all other tourism enterprises not covered by the
preceding subsection;
s. "Greenfield Tourism Zone" refers to a new or pioneer development, as determined by the TIEZA;
t. "Brownfield Tourism Zone" refers to an area with existing infrastructure or development as
determined by the TIEZA;
u. "Foreign Visitors" refers to all passengers using foreign passports; and
v. "Sustainable Tourism Development" refers tot he management of all resources that meets the
needs of tourists and host regions while protecting the opportunities for the future, in such a way
that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity,
essential ecological processes, biological biodiversity and life support systems.
Tourism Governance
Subchapter II-A. Structure of the Department
SECTION 5 - Mandate
a. The Department of Tourism, herein referred to as the Department, shall be the primary
planning, programming, coordinating, implementing and regulatory government agency in the
development and promotion of the tourism industry, both domestic and international, in
coordination with attached agencies and other government instrumentalities. It shall instill in
the Filipino the industry's fundamental importance in the generation of employment,
investment and foreign exchange.
the Department shall consist of the Department Proper, Department Offices, Services and Unit,
and the Regional and Foreign Offices.
SECTION 8 - Department Proper
This Department Proper shall consist of the Offices of the Secretary, Undersecretaries and
Assistant Secretaries.
Regional Offices
SECTION 17 - Regional Offices
The Department shall establish, operate and maintain a regional office in each administrative
region in the country. A Regional Office, headed by a Regional Director, shall have the following
functions:
a. Implement laws, policies, plans, programs, rules and regulations of the Department,
particularly those relating to compliance therewith, and to the accreditation of tourism
enterprises promulgated by the Department;
b. Coordinate with regional offices of other departments, bureaus and agencies, LGUs, NGOs,
and the regional offices of the Department's attached agencies in the implementation of such
laws, policies, plans, programs and rules and regulations;
c. Undertake research and data gathering on local tourism trends and other relevant tourism
information;
d. Together with LGUs, establish such tourist information and assistance centers at strategic
locations are necessary to disseminate relevant information pertaining to the tourist locations
and products and to assist tourists and tourism enterprises;
e. Conduct trainings and information campaigns, and assist the TPB in domestic promotions in
the pertinent region on subject matters such as the Act, the functions of the Department,
tourism traffic and new tourism sites, among others; and
f. Make recommendations to the Secretary on all matters relating to tourism in the region.
Rationalization of Functions
Subchapter II-B. Rationalization of Functions
SECTION 25. Reorganization of Offices
The Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) is hereby reorganized as the Tourism Infrastructure and
Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA), as hereinafter provided. The Philippine Convention and
Visitors Corporation (PCVC) is hereby reorganized as the Tourism Promotions Board (TPB), as
hereinafter provided.
The Bureaus for Domestic and International Tourism Promotions, and the Office of Tourism Information
of the Department are hereby absorbed into the Tourism Promotions Board.
Attached Agencies and Corporations
Subchapter II-C. Attached Agencies and Corporations
SECTION 28. Attached Agencies and Corporations
The TPB, TIEZA and DFPC (Duty Free Philippines Corporation) shall be attached to the Department
and shall be under the supervision of the Secretary for program and policy
coordination. Furthermore, the following agencies and corporations shall be attached to the
Department under the supervision of the Secretary for program and policy coordination, the
Intramuros Administration (IA); the National Parks Development Committee (NDPC), created
under Executive Order No. 30 (1963); the Nayong Pilipino Foundation, created under Presidential
Decree No. 37 (1972), as amended; the Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA); and the Philippine
Commission on Sports Scuba Diving (PCSSD). Except as hereinafter provided, each of the attached
agencies and corporations shall continue to operate under their respective charters.
SECTION 29. Intramuros Administration, National Parks Development Committee and Nayong Pilipino
Foundation
The Intramuros Administration, the National Parks Development Committee and the Nayong
Pilipino Foundation shall continue to be attached to the Department and operate under their
respective charters. They may be authorized to operate TEZs, under the supervision of the TIEZA,
as provided under Chapters IV and V of this Act, within their respective jurisdictions: Provided,
that any restoration activity undertaken by the IA, the NPDC or the NPF may be entitled to a tax
deduction equivalent to the full cost of the restoration activity incurred in accordance with the
provisions of the National Internal Revenue Code, as amended.
SECTION 30. Philippine Retirement Authority
For purposes of policy and program coordination, the Philippine Retirement Authority is hereby
attached to the Department and placed under the supervision of the Secretary. The Secretary
shall be the ex-officio Chairperson of its Board of Trustees; provided, that this provision shall apply
after the expiration of the term of office of the incumbent Chairperson.
TIEZA
Subchapter IV-B
Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority
Section 63. The Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority
Under the supervision of the Secretary and attached to the Department for purposes of
program and policy coordination shall be a body corporate known as the Tourism
Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA).
Section 64. Mandate
The TIEZA shall be a body corporate which shall designate, regulate and supervise the
TEZs established under the Act, as well as develop, manage and supervise infrastructure
projects in the country. It shall supervise and regulate the cultural, economic and
environmentally sustainable development of TEZs toward the primary objective of
encouraging investments therein. It shall ensure strict compliance of the TEZ operator
with the approved development plan. Pursuant thereto, the TIEZA shall have the power
to impose penalties for failure or refusal of the tourism enterprises to comply with the
approved development plan , which shall also be considered a violation of the terms of
accreditation. Such power shall further be defined under the implementing rules and
regulations of this Act.
The TIEZA shall continue to exercise functions previously exercised by the PTA under
Presidential Decree No. 564, unless otherwise inconsistent with the other provisions of
this Act. It shall however cease to operate the DFP.
In addition to its mandate to regulate and supervise TEZs, the TIEZA shall likewise be deemed
a government infrastructure corporation under the provisions of Executive Order No. 292,
otherwise known as the Administrative Code of 1987.
Tourism enterprises outside of TEZs and without accreditation shamble governed by pertinent
laws, rules and regulations.
DFPC
Chapter VI
Duty and Tax-Free Merchandising System for Tourism Purposes
Section 89. Duty free Philippines Corporation
The Duty Free Philippines shall be reorganized to become the Duty Free Philippines
Corporation (DFPC), which shall be attached to the Department.
INTRAMUROS ADMINISTRATION
LEGAL BASIS
Presidential Decree No. 1616 (!979), as amended by Presidential Decree No. 1748 (December 10,
1980), created the Intramuros Administration under the direct control and supervision of the
Ministry of Human Settlements.
Executive Order No. 120 (January 30, 1987), reorganized the Ministry of Tourism into the Department of
Tourism (DOT) under a presidential form of government and provided for the Intramuros Administration
to be an attached agency of DOT.
MANDATE
The Intramuros Administration is responsible for the orderly restoration and development of
Intramuros as a monument to the Hispanic period in Philippine History. It ensures that the
general appearance of Intramuros conforms to the Philippine-Spanish architecture of the 16th to
the 19th century.
TIEZA
MANDATE
o designate, regulate and supervise the Tourism Enterprise Zones with the primary objective of
encouraging investments
o develop, manage and supervise tourism infrastructure projects
o ensure strict compliance of the TEZ operator with the approved development plan
o continue to exercise functions previously exercised by the PTA under Presidential Decree No.
564, unless otherwise inconsistent with the other provisions of this Act:
The travel tax is a levy imposed by the Philippine government on individuals who are leaving the
country irrespective of the place where the air ticket is issued and the form or place of payment,
a provided for by Presidential Decree (PD) 1183, as amended.
TIEZA brings development to areas with high cultural, historical, religious, heritage and/or eco-
tourism values, helping shape a deep sense of awareness and guide for the Filipino's traditions,
natural bounties and uniqueness as a race.
TEZs attract private stakeholders to be shared partners in tourism development. TEZs enjoy
fiscal and non-fiscal incentives issued by TIEZA. Their investments will help create jobs and
economic activities for local communities.
TIEZA operates and manages tourist facilities from Luzon to Mindanao. These facilities offer
services ranging from hotel and restaurant to specialized sports such as golf and scuba diving.
As an attached agency of the Department of Tourism, the National Parks Development Committee is
tasked to develop, preserve, and manage Rizal and Paco Parks in Manila an other parks that may be
assigned to NPDC.
MISSION
NDPC shall develop, preserve, and manage Rizal Park and Paco Park and ensure the general public's
appreciation of the park's facilities and activities. In particular, it shall:
provide the general public with access to and enjoyment of an open park through well managed
and maintained facilities and structures, well-developed environment through landscape design
and plant ornaments, while ensuring the orderliness of the Parks as well as the safety and
security of the park-goers
showcase national heritage through programs aimed at promoting Filipino arts, culture and
tradition, and exchanges with other nations, conceptualize events and activities of socio-culture
- economic - physiological impact such as performances and programs in order to develop
national consciousness
develop new parks
develop conducive atmosphere consonant to preservation of historical significance through
partnership with the community and NGOs
ensure viability of NPDC's financial position in support of NPDC's goals and objectives
establish inter-agency linkages to achieve NPDC's thrusts and programs
VISION
NPDC envisions to be the lead agency that will provide fully developed and well-maintained Parks for
the Filipino's wholesome recreation and socio-cultural education in the pursuit of the enrichment of our
national identity and heritage through partnership with the government agencies community, non-local
government units and non-government organizations (NGOs).
ATTRACTIONS
Central Section
Rizal Monument
The Independence Flagpole
Rizal Park Visitor's Center
Noli Me Tangere Garden
Light and Sound Complex
Gomburza Marker
NPDC Museum and Archive Gallery
Chinese Garden
Musical Dancing Fountain
Gallery of Heroes
Rizal Park Open-Air Auditorium
Pathway to Glory
Japanese Garden
Flower Clock
Bust of President Diosdado P. Macapagal
Aguinaldo House (Centennial House)
Senior Citizen's Garden
National Library of the Philippines
Kanlungan ng Sining (Artist's Haven)
Western Section
Quirino Grandstand
Parade Ground
Burnham Green
San Lorenzo Ruiz Plaza
- Executive Order No. 46 (E.O. 46) dated September 4, 1986, authorized the Department of Tourism
(DOT), through the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA), to establish and operate a duty and tax
free merchandising system in the Philippines for the purpose of augmenting service facilities for
tourists and generating foreign exchange and revenue for the government. Under this system,
PTA has the exclusive authority to operate shops and stores that sell tax and duty free
merchandise, goods, and articles in international airports and sea ports throughout the country
or to contract private parties through public bidding to operate these stores.
- On March 1, 1987, a twelve-man task force headed by Mr. Jose N. Esteban III, was created to lay
down Duty Free Philippines (DFP) initial operations, DFP's capitalization was only $91,000. On
March 28, 1987, Customs Administrative Order No. 3-87 (CAO 3-87) was issued, prescribing the
rules, regulations, and procedures for the establishment , operation , and control of duty and tax
free stores and warehouses.
- On May 2, 1987, the first duty free outlet, located at the Arrival area of the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA), started its operations, initially offering liquor, tobacco, fragrances,
and confectionery. One month later, DFP stores with sleek and modern designs opened at the
Departure area of NAIA. A third outlet opened at the Mactan International Airport in Cebu at the
end of the year. The Manila Hotel and Manila Garden order centers were established in 1988.
- On April 2, 1989, DFP's first off-airport shop and the country's largest duty free outlet - the Fiesta
Shopping Center (FSC), was opened. FSC, a concept taken from DOT's Fiesta Islands Philippines
promotion, was an 8,000 sq.m. facility located right across NAIA. More new shops were opened
in 1992: the DFP Arrival store at Fort Ilocandia in Laoag, Ilocos Norte; Departure and Arrival
outlets in the new terminal building of the Mactan International Airport in Cebu; and an off-
airport at the Paskuhan Village in San Fernando, Pampanga. A downtown shop opened in 1993
in Davao.
DFP's flagship store opened on April 1997, called Fiestamall, its building sits on a 5-hectare lot for duty
free retailing and it boasts of a 24,000 sq.m. selling area and state-of-the-art facilities.
In 2009, DFP was reorganized into Duty Free Philippines Corporation with the signing of the Tourism Act
of 2009 (Republic Act. No. 9593). As a government corporation, DFPC is tasked to operate the duty and
tax-free merchandising system in the Philippines to augment the service facilities for tourists and to
generate foreign exchange and revenue for the government as mandated by E.O. No. 46.