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    This document discusses physical properties of soils including weight-volume relationships, unit weights, void ratios, porosity, moisture content, degree of saturation, and relationships between these properties. It defines key terms and equations relating the volume of solids, voids, water, and air to calculate properties like void ratio, porosity, unit weights, degree of saturation, and submerged unit weight. The relationships are explained through diagrams and equations to show how changing one property, like moisture content, affects other properties.

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    This document discusses physical properties of soils including weight-volume relationships, unit weights, void ratios, porosity, moisture content, degree of saturation, and relationships between these properties. It defines key terms and equations relating the volume of solids, voids, water, and air to calculate properties like void ratio, porosity, unit weights, degree of saturation, and submerged unit weight. The relationships are explained through diagrams and equations to show how changing one property, like moisture content, affects other properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    19 views10 pages

    Lesson 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Jessie Jade Sestina Duroja - Main
    This document discusses physical properties of soils including weight-volume relationships, unit weights, void ratios, porosity, moisture content, degree of saturation, and relationships between these properties. It defines key terms and equations relating the volume of solids, voids, water, and air to calculate properties like void ratio, porosity, unit weights, degree of saturation, and submerged unit weight. The relationships are explained through diagrams and equations to show how changing one property, like moisture content, affects other properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    CE 111- Geotechnical Engineering I

    (SOIL MECHANICS )

    Lesson 3
    Physical Properties

    Prepared by:
    ENGR. RICARDO SALVADOR V. GAYATIN
    Instructor
    Weight - Volume Relationships

    www.researchgate.net; uploaded by David Joshua White


    imaggeo.egu.eu
    V = Vs + Vw + Va
    W = Ww + Ws V = Vs + Vv
    (weight of air is negligible)

    Volume Relationships: Relationships between e and n.


    𝑉 𝑉𝑣
    Void ratio (e) = Volume of voids = 𝑣 𝑉𝑣 𝑉𝑣 𝑉 𝑛
    Volume of solids 𝑉𝑠 𝑒 = = = =
    𝑉𝑠 𝑉 − 𝑉𝑣 𝑉 𝑉𝑣 1−𝑛
    −
    𝑉 𝑉
    𝑉
    Porosity (n) = Volume of voids = 𝑣 𝒆=
    𝒏
    Total Volume 𝑉 𝟏−𝒏
    𝑉𝑣
    𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑉𝑣 𝑉𝑣 𝑉𝑠 𝑒
    𝑫𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝑛 = = = =
    𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑑𝑠 𝑉 𝑉𝑠 + 𝑉𝑣 𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝑣 1+𝑒
    +
    𝑉 𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝑠
    𝑺 % = 𝑤 𝒆
    𝑉𝑣 𝒏=
    𝟏+𝒆
    nptel.ac.in
    𝑾 = 𝑾 𝒔 + 𝑾𝒘 WEIGHT
    Moisture content or water content (w) RELATIONSHIPS
    𝑊𝑤 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
    𝑤= =
    𝑊𝑠 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑
    𝑾𝒘 = 𝒘𝑾𝒔
    Unit weight of Soil/Moist Unit Weight of Soil/Bulk Unit Weight of Soil
    𝑊 𝑊𝑠 + 𝑊𝑤 𝑊𝑠 + 𝑤𝑊𝑠 𝑾 𝒔 ( 𝟏 + 𝒘ሻ
    𝑌= = = =
    𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 𝑽
    Dry Unit Weight of Soil
    𝑾𝒔
    𝒀𝒅 =
    𝑽
    Relationship between Unit weight of Soil and Dry Unit Weight of Soil:
    𝑊 𝑊𝑠 ( 1 + 𝑤ሻ 𝑜𝑟 𝒀 = 𝒀 ( 𝟏 + 𝒘ሻ
    𝑌= = 𝒅
    𝑉 𝑉
    RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UNIT WEIGHT, VOID RATIO, MOISTURE
    CONTENT, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY
    𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 𝑉𝑠

    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑤𝑊𝑠 = 𝑤𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 𝑉𝑠
    Air
    where:
    Gs = specific gravity of soil solids
    Yw = Unit weight of water 𝑉𝑣 = 𝑒
    Vs = Volume of solids 𝑽=𝟏+𝒆
    w = moisture content 𝑊𝑤 = 𝑤𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 Water
    W
    𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑉𝑠 = 1
    𝑉𝑣
    𝑒= ; 𝑒 = 𝑉𝑣
    𝑉𝑠 𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 𝑉𝑠 = 1
    Solid
    𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤

    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑤𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤
    RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UNIT WEIGHT, VOID RATIO, MOISTURE CONTENT, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY

    𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤
    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑤 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤
    Unit Weight of Soil /Moist Unit Weight of Soil
    Air
    𝑊 𝑊𝑠 + 𝑊𝑤
    𝑌= =
    𝑉 𝑉
    𝑉𝑣 = 𝑒
    𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 + 𝑤 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤
    𝑌=
    1+𝑒 W 𝑊𝑤 = 𝑤𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 Water 𝑽=𝟏+𝒆
    𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 + 𝑤ሻ
    𝑌=
    1+𝑒
    Dry Unit Weight of Soil
    𝑊𝑠 𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤
    𝑌𝑑 = Solid 𝑉𝑠 = 1
    𝑉
    𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤
    𝑌𝑑 =
    1+𝑒
    Relationship between Unit weight of Soil and Dry Unit Weight of Soil:
    𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤
    𝒀 = 𝒀𝒅 ( 𝟏 + 𝒘ሻ or 𝑌= (1 + w)
    1+𝑒
    RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UNIT WEIGHT, VOID RATIO, MOISTURE CONTENT, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY

    𝑊𝑤 = 𝐺𝑤 𝑌𝑤 𝑉𝑤 (but Gw = 1 ) 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑉𝑠 = 1

    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑌𝑤 𝑉𝑤 [ but 𝑉𝑤 = 𝑒]
    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑒𝑌𝑤
    Saturated Unit Weight of Soil
    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑒𝑌𝑤
    𝑊 𝑊𝑠 + 𝑊𝑤 Water 𝑉𝑤 = 𝑉𝑣 = 𝑒
    𝑌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = =
    𝑉 𝑉
    𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 + 𝑒𝑌𝑤 W 𝑽=𝟏+𝒆
    𝑌𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
    1+𝑒
    (𝐺 𝑠 + 𝑒ሻ 𝑌𝑤
    𝑌𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
    1+𝑒
    Degree of Saturation 𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤
    Solid 𝑉𝑠 = 1
    𝑉𝑤 𝑊𝑤 𝑤𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤
    𝑆= 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑤 = =
    𝑉𝑣 𝑌𝑤 𝑌𝑤
    𝑉𝑤 = 𝑤𝐺𝑠 If soil is saturated, S=100%
    𝑤𝐺𝑠 𝑤𝐺𝑠 𝑤𝐺𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑒 = 𝑤𝐺𝑠
    𝑆= 𝑆= 1=
    𝑒 𝑒 𝑒
    RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UNIT WEIGHT, POROSITY AND MOISTURE
    CONTENT
    𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑉 = 1
    𝑉𝑣
    𝑛= ; 𝑛 = 𝑉𝑣
    𝑉
    𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 𝑉𝑠
    𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 − 𝑛ሻ
    Air
    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑤𝑊𝑠
    Unit Weight of Soil /Moist Unit Weight of Soil
    𝑊 𝑊𝑠 + 𝑊𝑤 𝑉𝑣 = 𝑛
    𝑌= =
    𝑉 𝑉 𝑽=𝟏
    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑤𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 − 𝑛ሻ Water
    𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 − 𝑛ሻ + 𝑤 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 − 𝑛ሻ W
    𝑌=
    1
    𝑌 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 − 𝑛ሻ(1 + 𝑤ሻ
    𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 – n) 𝑉𝑠 = 1 − 𝑛
    Dry Unit Weight of Soil Solid
    𝑊𝑠
    𝑌𝑑 =
    𝑉
    𝑌𝑑 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 − 𝑛ሻ
    RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UNIT WEIGHT, POROSITY AND MOISTURE CONTENT

    𝑊𝑤 = 𝐺𝑤 𝑌𝑤 𝑉𝑤 (but Gw = 1 ) 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑉 = 1

    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑌𝑤 𝑉𝑤 [ but 𝑉𝑤 = 𝑛]
    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑛𝑌𝑤
    Saturated Unit Weight of Soil
    𝑊𝑤 = 𝑛𝑌𝑤
    𝑊 𝑊𝑠 + 𝑊𝑤 Water 𝑉𝑤 = 𝑉𝑣 = 𝑛
    𝑌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = =
    𝑉 𝑉
    𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 − 𝑛ሻ + 𝑛𝑌𝑤 W 𝑽=𝟏
    𝑌𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
    1
    𝑌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = [𝐺𝑠 (1 − 𝑛ሻ + 𝑛]𝑌𝑤

    Submerged Unit Weight of Soil 𝑊𝑠 = 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 (1 – n)


    Solid 𝑉𝑠 = 1 − n
    𝑌𝑠𝑢𝑏 = 𝑌𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝑌𝑤
    𝐺𝑠 +𝑒 𝑌𝑤
    𝑌𝑠𝑢𝑏 = − 𝑌𝑤
    1+𝑒 Soil is saturated
    𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 + 𝑒𝑌𝑤 −𝑌𝑤 −𝑒𝑌𝑤 𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑤 −𝑌𝑤
    𝑌𝑠𝑢𝑏 = =
    1+𝑒 1+𝑒
    (𝐺𝑠 −1ሻ𝑌𝑤
    𝑌𝑠𝑢𝑏 =
    1+𝑒
    Thank you!!

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