FB - Sevilla - Module 4

Activity 4
Name: Joyce Anne C. Sevilla Course/Year/Section: BS BIOLOGY 1A
1. Differentiate plant and animal cell
animal Cell Plant Cell

Animals cells do not have a cell wall Plant cells have a cell wall
Animal cells does not have chloroplasts Plant cells usually have one or more
Animal cells have smaller vacuoles, if large vacuole(s)
any are present Have cytoplasm
Do not contain plastids Have a nucleus
Have complex and prominent Golgi Often have chloroplasts containing
apparatus. chlorophyll
Often irregular in shape Often regular in shape.
Usually smaller than plant cells Usually larger than animal cells
Plasmodesmata absent Plasmodesmata present
Tonoplast absent Tonoplast present around vacuole
Centrioles present Centrioles absent except motile cells
Nucleus present at the center of the cell of lower plants
Lysosomes present Nucleus present along the periphery
Storage material is glycogen granules of the cell
Lysosomes are rare
Storage material is starch grains

Activity 4
2. Why are cells so small, and how is this small size beneficial for
transport of substances within and between cells?
The small size of cells fulfills a distinct purpose in the functioning of the body. If cells
were larger, many of the processes that cells perform could not occur efficiently. A large
cell has a large volume, or contents. The surface area, or membrane, of this large cell is
the site through which nutrients enter the small intestine for delivery to the bloodstream.
Large cells, therefore, have a small surface area to volume ratio. Small cells, therefore,
have a large surface area to volume ratio.
Another reason for the small size of cells is that control of cellular processes is easier in
a small cell than in a large cell. Cells are dynamic, living things. Cells transport
substances from one place to another, reproduce themselves, and produce various
enzymes and chemicals for export to the extracellular environment. If the nucleus had to
Substances transported
control a large cell, then this direction might break down.
from one place to another would have to traverse great distances to reach their
destinations reproduction of a large cell would be an extremely complicated
endeavor and products for export would not be as efficiently produced. Smaller
cells, because of their more manageable size, are much more efficiently
controlled than larger cells.
3. What is the function of a a.) cell nucleus; b.) chloroplast; c.)

mitochondria? And how do they perform their function?
CELL NUCLEUS
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell
(e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes,
structures that contain the hereditary information. Nucleoli
are small bodies often seen within the nucleus. The gel-like
matrix in which the nuclear components are suspended is the
nucleoplasm. Because the nucleus houses an organism’s

genetic code, which determines the amino acid
sequence of proteins critical for day-to-day function, it
primarily serves as the information center of the cell.
Activity 4
3. What is the function of a a.) cell nucleus; b.) chloroplast; c.)

mitochondria? And how do they perform their function?
CHLOROPLAST
Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light
energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the
photosynthetic process. By doing so, they sustain life on Earth.
Chloroplasts also provide diverse metabolic activities for
plant cells, including the synthesis of fatty acids, membrane
lipids.Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in

conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to
produce food for the plant. Chloroplasts capture light
energy from the sun to produce the free energy stored in
ATP and NADPH through a process called photosynthesis.
MITOCHONDRIA
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles
(mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical
energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a
Known
small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria produce

the energy necessary for the cell's survival and
functioning. Through a series of chemical reactions,
mitochondria break down glucose into an energy
molecule known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which
is used to fuel various other cellular processes.
Name: JOYCE ANNE C. SEVILLA Course/Year/Section: BS BIOLOGY 1A
LABEL THE PARTS OF

THE ANIMAL CELL
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
These are a series of
flattened sacs that help
Nucleus sort proteins synthesized
in the rough
This houses the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. Cytoplasm
DNA.
It directs the synthesis of It is a gel-like substance
ribosomes and proteins. that fills the spaces inside
the cell to help retain its
form.
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
It has no ribosomes and Mitochondrion
helps modify protein
made by the rough ER. It is also known as the
"powerhouse of the
cell."
Golgi apparatus
it has ribosomes attached
to it and creates protein. Lysosome
It is a vesicle that has
digestive enzymes that
break down components
Cell Membrane the cell doesn't need.
This is the thin outer Vacuoles

covering that separates the
contents of the cell from These are membranous sacs
other cells. that are used for storing
other things in the cells.
REFLECTION
Would you consider any one type of cell more useful than another?
Why?
For me, I will would not consider any one type of cell more useful
than another because I believe that each cells have their own
functions and uses. They are specialized for their specific
functions within tissue types, it is not possible to say that one
cell type is more useful than the other.
These cell types can be considered equally successful because they

are both surviving in today's ever-changing environment. Archaea can
survive in extreme environments and bacteria can grow almost
anywhere. Eukaryotes have mutated and adapted to survive in almost
any climate, as different animals.

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Activity 4

Name: Joyce Anne C. Sevilla Course/Year/Section: BS BIOLOGY 1A

1. Differentiate plant and animal cell

animal Cell Plant Cell

Animal cells have smaller vacuoles, if large vacuole(s)

any are present Have cytoplasm

Do not contain plastids Have a nucleus

Have complex and prominent Golgi Often have chloroplasts containing

Often irregular in shape Often regular in shape.

Plasmodesmata absent Plasmodesmata present

Tonoplast absent Tonoplast present around vacuole

Centrioles present Centrioles absent except motile cells

Nucleus present at the center of the cell of lower plants

Lysosomes present Nucleus present along the periphery

Storage material is glycogen granules of the cell

Lysosomes are rare

Storage material is starch grains

have a large surface area to volume ratio.

3. What is the function of a a.) cell nucleus; b.) chloroplast; c.)

(e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes,

structures that contain the hereditary information. Nucleoli

matrix in which the nuclear components are suspended is the

nucleoplasm. Because the nucleus houses an organism’s

3. What is the function of a a.) cell nucleus; b.) chloroplast; c.)

energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the

photosynthetic process. By doing so, they sustain life on Earth.

Chloroplasts also provide diverse metabolic activities for

plant cells, including the synthesis of fatty acids, membrane

lipids.Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in

(mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical

energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.

Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a

as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria produce

LABEL THE PARTS OF

This is the thin outer Vacuoles

These cell types can be considered equally successful because they

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