SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE in LIT 2 - 2020

Republic of the Philippines
Cebu Normal University

Osmeña Blvd. Cebu City
, 6000 Philippines
College of Arts & Sciences

TelephoneNo.: (+63 32) 254 6814local140
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.cnu.edu .ph
SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IN
LITERATURE II-
Literatures of the World
Course Name/Title: B.A. English Lit 3A,

BEEd SPED 4A
Name of Faculty:
Dr. Niña Jen R. Canayong
0995-5131520 or 0943-5626436
Lesson I
Registration No. 52Q18778

Certification Date: 6 August 2018
Recertification due date: 24 January 2021
For verification of the certificate please access
www.globalgroup.net (Certification check and type
the registration number)
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On Love and Life

Love is one of the most important aspects of life. When there is love, a difficult task in the
workplace would seem easy, a hard trial experienced in the family would become
manageable and all those challenges in life can then be surpassed. In this unit, everyone will
be taught how to love truly in the workplace, within the family and in any aspect of life.
Before Reading
Activity
Think of scenes about the different ways on loving. Make short essays describing each
scene.
Example Scenes
1. Love of a mother/father
2. Love of a worker towards his/her job
3. Love of a priest on his vocation
4. Love of the President towards his/ her country
Questions
Write your answers on a short bond paper.
What are the signs of love manifested in the people every day?
What is true love then?
Why do we need to love others?
Describe one’s feelings when one is truly loved.

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During Reading
On Love by
Kahlil Gibran
When love beckons to you, follow him, Though

his ways are hard and steep.
And when his wings enfold you yield to him,
Though the sword hidden among his pinions may wound you.
And when he speaks to you believe in him,
Though his voice may shatter your dreams as
the north wind lays waste the garden.
For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you.

Even as he is for your growth so is he for your pruning.
Even as he ascends to your height and caresses your tenderest branches that quiver in the sun,
So shall he descend to your roots and shake them in their clinging to the earth.
Like sheaves of corn he gathers you unto himself.
He threshes you to make you naked.
He sifts you to free you from your husks.
He grinds you to whiteness.
He kneads you until you are pliant; And then he assigns
you to his sacred fire, that you may become sacred bread
for God's sacred feast.
All these things shall love do unto you that you may know the secrets of your heart, and
in that knowledge become a fragment of Life's heart.
But if in your fear you would seek only love's peace and love's pleasure,
Then it is better for you that you cover your nakedness and pass out of love's threshing floor,
Into the seasonless world where you shall laugh, but not all of your laughter, and weep, but
not all of your tears.
Love gives naught but itself and takes naught but from itself.
Love possesses not nor would it be possessed; For love is
sufficient unto love.
When you love you should not say, "God is in my heart," but rather, "I am in the heart of
God."
And think not you can direct the course of love, for love, if it finds you worthy, directs
your course.

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Love has no other desire but to fulfill itself.

But if you love and must needs have desires, let these be your desires:
To melt and be like a running brook that sings its melody to the night. To
know the pain of too much tenderness.
To be wounded by your own understanding of love; And

to bleed willingly and joyfully.
To wake at dawn with a winged heart and give thanks for another day of loving;
To rest at the noon hour and meditate love's ecstasy;
To return home at eventide with gratitude;
And then to sleep with a prayer for the beloved in your heart and a song of praise upon your
lips.
After Reading
Graphic Organizer of Poetic Elements
After reading the poem, make a graphic organizer of the poetic elements of the poem read.

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Questions for Discussion
Read and answer the following questions. Write your answers on a short bond
paper.
1. What is the message of the poem?

2. How does true love manifest itself? Give examples.
3. What will love do to you for you to find its meaning? Enumerate them.
4. What is then true love according to Gibran?
5. What does the poet mean by the last stanza?
Beyond Reading
Look for another poem of Kahlil Gibran. Read it and summarize its poetic elements in the
box.
SUMMARY BOX

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Lesson II
CELEBRATING FRIENDSHIP
It is known that a man can live without money and other treasures but not without family
and friends. That is why, many consider friends next to God and family when asked as to
who is the most important people in their lives. In this unit, the importance of friends in
one’s life will be discussed.
Motivation
Q&A Portion
Write your answers on a short bond paper.
1. Do you consider friends important in our day to day living? Why or why not?
2. What are then the qualities of true friends?
3. Describe the characteristics of your friends?
Presentation of the Text

Three with the Moon and his Shadow Li
Po
With a jar of wine, I sit by the flowering trees. I
drink alone, and where are my friends?
Ah, the moon above looks down on me; I
call and lift my cup to his brightness.
And see, there goes my shadow before me.
Ho! We're a party of three, I say, —
Though the poor moon can't drink,
And my shadow but dances around me,

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We're all friends to-night,

The drinker, the moon and the shadow.
Let our revelry be meet for the spring time!
I sing, the wild moon wanders the sky.

I dance, my shadow goes tumbling about.
While we're awake, let us join in carousal;
Only sweet drunkenness shall ever part us.

Let us pledge a friendship no mortals know,
and often hail each other at evening Far
across the vast and vaporous space!
Discussion
Write a critical analysis about any poem read using the different critical theories.
Questions for Discussion
paper.
1. What is the tone of the poem? Trace some lines that set the tone.
2. What are the figures of speech found in the poem?

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3. Who are the friends of the persona in the poem? Why did he consider them as
friends?
4. What is the ultimate despair and sadness one can have as featured in the poem?
5. How would you prevent such ultimate despair and sadness in life? If it will happen, how
will you overcome it?
Evaluation
Choose three figures of speech found in the poem. Give real life situations that would
explain the meaning of each figure of speech. Write the answers in the box below.

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Lesson III
Culture and Identity
Though each race has different cultures but there are so many aspects in life in
which these races share in common. In love, people may have different practices but they
share the same essence of it. In life, everyone may have different beliefs but they do share
the same deep meaning of it. Indeed, literature aims to understand and appreciate cultures
and ideologies since these are universal.
Literary Grounding
Get Acquainted with Foreigners
Make a research on American cultural practices and beliefs. Make an informative report
comparing them with that of Filipino practices using the following matrix.
American Cultures Filipino Cultures

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Literary Journey
O Me! O Life!
WALT WHITMAN
Oh me! Oh life! of the questions of these recurring,
Of the endless trains of the faithless, of cities fill’d with the foolish,
Of myself forever reproaching myself, (for who more foolish than I, and who more
faithless?)
Of eyes that vainly crave the light, of the objects mean, of the struggle ever renew’d,
Of the poor results of all, of the plodding and sordid crowds I see around me,
Of the empty and useless years of the rest, with the rest me intertwined,
The question, O me! so sad, recurring—What good amid these, O me, O life?
Answer.
That you are here—that life exists and identity,
That the powerful play goes on, and you may contribute a verse.
Literary Reflection
Read and answer the following questions. Write your answers on a short bond paper.
1. What is the meaning of life according to Whitman’s poem?
2. What are the specific images of hopelessness in the poem?

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3. Trace the figures of speech found in the poem. Explain each.
4. What do you mean by the second stanza?
5. What is then your purpose in life?
6. What will you do then to make it meaningful?
Literary Inspiration
“Oh, a day in the city-square, there is no such pleasure in life! – Robert Browning

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Lesson IV
See Rightly!
“It is only with the heart that one can see rightly: what is essential is invisible to the
eye.”
See it, Say it!

Activity
Look for sayings/analects/proverbs about what is essential in life. Write a short poem as
your explanation.
Questions for Personal Reflection
1. What is the most essential in life? Explain.
2. What will you do to understand the true importance of things?
3. How will you live meaningfully? What will be your ways for meaningful living?

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4. Explain this famous saying from the book, The Little Prince, “It is only with the heart that
one can see rightly: what is essential is invisible to the eye.”
See it, Read it!

Summary: The Little Prince
The narrator, an airplane pilot, crashes in the Sahara desert. The crash badly damages his
airplane and leaves the narrator with very little food or water. As he is worrying over his
predicament, he is approached by the little prince, a very serious little blond boy who asks
the narrator to draw him a sheep. The narrator obliges, and the two become friends. The
pilot learns that the little prince comes from a small planet that the little prince calls
Asteroid 325 but that people on Earth call Asteroid B-612. The little prince took great care of
this planet, preventing any bad seeds from growing and making sure it was never overrun by
baobab trees. One day, a mysterious rose sprouted on the planet and the little prince fell in
love with it. But when he caught the rose in a lie one day, he decided that he could not trust
her anymore. He grew lonely and decided to leave. Despite a lastminute reconciliation with
the rose, the prince set out to explore other planets and cure his loneliness.

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While journeying, the narrator tells us, the little prince passes by neighboring asteroids and
encounters for the first time the strange, narrow-minded world of grownups. On the first six
planets the little prince visits, he meets a king, a vain man, a drunkard, a businessman, a
lamplighter, and a geographer, all of whom live alone and are overly consumed by their
chosen occupations. Such strange behavior both amuses and perturbs the little prince. He
does not understand their need to order people around, to be admired, and to own
everything. With the exception of the lamplighter, whose dogged faithfulness he admires,
the little prince does not think much of the adults he visits, and he does not learn anything
useful. However, he learns from the geographer that flowers do not last forever, and he
begins to miss the rose he has left behind.
At the geographer’s suggestion, the little prince visits Earth, but he lands in the middle of
the desert and cannot find any humans. Instead, he meets a snake who speaks in riddles and
hints darkly that its lethal poison can send the little prince back to the heavens if he so
wishes. The little prince ignores the offer and continues his explorations, stopping to talk to
a three-petaled flower and to climb the tallest mountain he can find, where he confuses the
echo of his voice for conversation. Eventually, the little prince finds a rose garden, which
surprises and depresses him—his rose had told him that she was the only one of her kind.
The prince befriends a fox, who teaches him that the important things in life are visible only
to the heart that his time away from the rose makes the rose more special to him, and that
love makes a person responsible for the beings that one loves. The little prince realizes that,
even though there are many roses, his love for his rose makes her unique and that he is
therefore responsible for her. Despite this revelation, he still feels very lonely because he is

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so far away from his rose. The prince ends his story by describing his encounters with two
men, a railway switchman and a salesclerk.
It is now the narrator’s eighth day in the desert, and at the prince’s suggestion, they set off
to find a well. The water feeds their hearts as much as their bodies and the two share a
moment of bliss as they agree that too many people do not see what is truly important in
life. The little prince’s mind, however, is fixed on returning to his rose, and he begins making
plans with the snake to head back to his planet. The narrator is able to fix his plane on the
day before the one-year anniversary of the prince’s arrival on Earth, and he walks sadly with
his friend out to the place the prince landed. The snake bites the prince, who falls noiselessly
to the sand.
The narrator takes comfort when he cannot find the prince’s body the next day and is
confident that the prince has returned to his asteroid. The narrator is also comforted by the
stars, in which he now hears the tinkling of his friend’s laughter. Often, however, he grows
sad and wonders if the sheep he drew has eaten the prince’s rose. The narrator concludes
by showing his readers a drawing of the desert landscape and by asking us to stop for a
while under the stars if we are ever in the area and to let the narrator know immediately if
the little prince has returned.
See it, Write it!

paper.
1. What differentiates adults from children the story?

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2. When the narrator and the prince search for a well, the narrator appears finally
to understand the lessons that the prince has related to him. What does this say about the
morals of the novel?
3. In general, what have you learned in this story?
See it, Deconstruct it!

Write a deconstruction of “The Little Prince” in any genre. Make sure that the major theme,
“It is only with the heart that one can see rightly: what is essential is invisible to the eye” is
retained.

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Lesson V
Family Traditions
Either people may like it or not, tradition is part of living. Some may go beyond their own
traditions but still, there are those who stick to what has been lived. Consequently, certain
traditions may deny people the realization of their potential. In this text, how to adjust and
respect family traditions will be given importance.
Pre-Reading
Do you have traditions in your family?

What are they?
What are the advantages and disadvantages?
Proper Reading
LIKE WATER FOR CHOCOLATE SUMMARY
Laura Esquivel
In a style that is epic in scope yet intensely personal in focus, Laura Esquivel's Like Water
for Chocolate tells the story of Tita De La Garza, the youngest daughter in a family living in
Mexico at the turn of the twentieth century. Through twelve chapters, each marked as a

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"monthly installment" and thus labeled with the months of the year, we learn of Tita's
struggle to pursue true love and claim her independence. Each installment features a recipe to
begin each chapter. The structure of Like Water For Chocolate is wholly dependent on these
recipes, as the main episodes of each chapter generally involve the preparation or
consumption of the dishes that these recipes yield. The details of additional secondary
recipes are woven throughout the narrative.
Like Water for Chocolate tells the story of Tita De La Garza, the youngest daughter in a
family living in Mexico at the turn of the twentieth century. Tita's love, Pedro Muzquiz,
comes to the family's ranch to ask for Tita's hand in marriage. Because Tita is the youngest
daughter she is forbidden by a family tradition upheld by her tyrannical mother, Mama Elena,
to marry. Pedro marries Tita's oldest sister, Rosaura, instead, but declares to his father that he
has only married Rosaura to remain close to Tita. Rosaura and Pedro live on the family ranch,
offering Pedro contact with Tita. When Tita cooks a special meal with the petals of a rose
given to her by Pedro, the still-fiery force of their love (transmitted through the food) has an
intense effect on Mama Elena's second daughter, Gertrudis, who is whipped into a lustful
state and flees the ranch in the arms of a revolutionary soldier. Meanwhile, Rosaura gives
birth to a son, who is delivered by Tita. Tita treats her nephew, Roberto, as if he were her own
child, to the point that she is able to produce breast milk to feed him while her sister is dry.
Sensing that Roberto is drawing Pedro and Tita closer together, Mama Elena arranges for
Rosaura's family to move to San Antonio. This separation devastates Tita. A short time later,
news arrives that Roberto has died, most likely due to his removal from Tita's care. The death
of her nephew causes Tita to have a breakdown, and Mama Elena sends her to an asylum. Dr.
John Brown, a local American doctor, takes pity on Tita and brings her to live in his house.
He patiently nurses Tita back to health, caring for her physical ailments and trying to revive
her broken spirit. After some time, Tita is nearly well, and she decides never to return to the
ranch. No sooner has she made this choice than Mama Elena is injured in a raid by rebel
soldiers, forcing Tita to return. Tita hopes to care for her mother, but Mama Elena bitterly
rejects Tita's good will. She refuses Tita's cooking, claiming that it is poisoned. Not long
after, Mama Elena is found dead from an overdose of a strong emetic she consumed for fear
of poisoning.

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The death of Mama Elena frees Tita from the curse of her birthright and she accepts an
engagement proposal from John Brown, with whom she has fallen in love. In the meantime,
Rosaura and Pedro have returned to the ranch and have produced a second child, Esperanza.
Immediately, Pedro's presence throws into question Tita's love for John.
The night that John officially asks Pedro to bless the marriage, Pedro corners Tita in a hidden
room and makes love to her, taking her virginity. Soon after, Tita is certain that she is
pregnant and knows that she will have to end her engagement to John. The affair between
Pedro and Tita prompts the return of Mama Elena, who comes in spirit form to curse Tita and
her unborn child. Tita is distraught and has no one in whom she can confide. In the midst of
Tita's despair, the long-lost Gertrudis returns to the ranch as a general in the revolutionary
army, at the helm of a regiment of fifty men. Tita is overjoyed at the return of Gertrudis, who
is just the companion she seeks. Gertrudis forces Tita to tell Pedro about the pregnancy. He is
gladdened at the news, and he drunkenly serenades Tita from below her window. Outraged,
Mama Elena's ghost returns, violently threatening Tita and declaring that she must leave the
ranch. For the first time, Tita stands up to Mama Elena and, in forceful words, declares her
autonomy, banishing her mother's spirit, which shrinks from an imposing presence into a tiny
fiery light. As she expels the ghost, Tita is simultaneously relieved of all her symptoms of
pregnancy. The light from Mama Elena's ghost bursts through Tita's window and onto the
patio below where Pedro still sits, setting fire to his entire body. After rescuing Pedro, Tita is
consumed with caring for him and helping him recover. John Brown returns from a trip to the
United States and Tita confesses to him her relations with Pedro. John replies that he still
wishes to marry her but that she must decide for herself with whom she wishes to spend her
life.
Years pass, and the ranch focuses its attention on another wedding, this time between
Esperanza and Alex, the son of John Brown. Rosaura has died, freeing her only daughter,
Esperanza, from the stricture that had previously forbidden her, as it had Tita, from marrying.
With Rosaura dead and Esperanza married, Tita and Pedro are finally free to express their
love in the open. On their first night together, Tita and Pedro experience love so intense that

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both are led to a tunnel that will carry them to the afterlife. Tita turns back, wanting to
continue in life and in love with Pedro. Once she does, she realizes that Pedro has already
crossed over. Wanting desperately to be with him, Tita attempts to ignite her inner fire by
eating the candles that had lit the room until they extinguished themselves at the moment of
Pedro's death. When she succeeds in recreating the climate of true passion, she reenters the
luminous tunnel and meets Pedro in the spirit world. The final union of their bodies and
spirits sets fire to the entire ranch, and the only remnant left of their love is the recipe book in
which Tita recorded her wisdom.
Post Reading
Discussion Questions
1. Describe the relationship between Tita and her mother. Cite instances in the text that
would support your description.
2. Why do you think Mama Elena wants to continue with the tradition? Support your answer
with some lines in the text.
3. Do you agree with Pedro’s solution to continue seeing Tita? Why?
4. What literary style known among Latin American authors is presented in this text? In what
ways does this text illustrate it?
5. What local color can you draw from this text about Mexican culture?
Beyond Reading
Literary Connection
Enumerate many traditions existing in our culture whether in your family or in our society.
Find out the reasons behind each tradition. Decide whether these traditions are worth
keeping or they need some modifications. Use the matrix below and discuss this with a
partner or in a group.

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Traditions Rationale Modifications, if needed

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Lesson 6
God Sees the Truth but Waits by Leo Tolstoy
TASK 1:Reflective Essay

Do you believe in the statement “Life is unfair”?
Share some of your life experiences which made you believe in the statement.
TASK 2: Read the story “God Sees the Truth but Waits” by Leo Tolstoy.
In the town of Vladimir lived a young merchant named Ivan Dmitrich Aksionov. He had two
shops and a house of his own.
Aksionov was a handsome, fair-haired, curly-headed fellow, full of fun, and very fond of
singing. When quite a young man he had been given to drink, and was riotous when he had
had too much; but after he married he gave up drinking, except now and then.
One summer Aksionov was going to the Nizhny Fair, and as he bade good-bye to his family,
his wife said to him, "Ivan Dmitrich, do not start to-day; I have had a bad dream about you."
Aksionov laughed, and said, "You are afraid that when I get to the fair I shall go on a spree."
His wife replied: "I do not know what I am afraid of; all I know is that I had a bad dream. I
dreamt you returned from the town, and when you took off your cap I saw that your hair
was quite grey."
Aksionov laughed. "That's a lucky sign," said he. "See if I don't sell out all my goods, and
bring you some presents from the fair."
So he said good-bye to his family, and drove away.
When he had travelled half-way, he met a merchant whom he knew, and they put up at the
same inn for the night. They had some tea together, and then went to bed in adjoining
rooms.

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It was not Aksionov's habit to sleep late, and, wishing to travel while it was still cool, he
aroused his driver before dawn, and told him to put in the horses.
Then he made his way across to the landlord of the inn (who lived in a cottage at the back),
paid his bill, and continued his journey.
When he had gone about twenty-five miles, he stopped for the horses to be fed. Aksionov
rested awhile in the passage of the inn, then he stepped out into the porch, and, ordering a
samovar to be heated, got out his guitar and began to play.
Suddenly a troika drove up with tinkling bells and an official alighted, followed by two
soldiers. He came to Aksionov and began to question him, asking him who he was and
whence he came. Aksionov answered him fully, and said, "Won't you have some tea with
me?" But the official went on cross-questioning him and asking him. "Where did you spend
last night? Were you alone, or with a fellow-merchant? Did you see the other merchant this
morning? Why did you leave the inn before dawn?"
Aksionov wondered why he was asked all these questions, but he described all that had
happened, and then added, "Why do you cross-question me as if I were a thief or a robber? I
am travelling on business of my own, and there is no need to question me."
Then the official, calling the soldiers, said, "I am the police-officer of this district, and I
question you because the merchant with whom you spent last night has been found with his
throat cut. We must search your things."
They entered the house. The soldiers and the police-officer unstrapped Aksionov's luggage
and searched it. Suddenly the officer drew a knife out of a bag, crying, "Whose knife is this?"
Aksionov looked, and seeing a blood-stained knife taken from his bag, he was frightened.
"How is it there is blood on this knife?"
Aksionov tried to answer, but could hardly utter a word, and only stammered: "I--don't
know--not mine." Then the police-officer said: "This morning the merchant was found in bed
with his throat cut. You are the only person who could have done it. The house was locked
from inside, and no one else was there. Here is this blood-stained knife in your bag and your
face and manner betray you! Tell me how you killed him, and how much money you stole?"
Aksionov swore he had not done it; that he had not seen the merchant after they had had
tea together; that he had no money except eight thousand rubles of his own, and that the

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knife was not his. But his voice was broken, his face pale, and he trembled with fear as
though he went guilty.
The police-officer ordered the soldiers to bind Aksionov and to put him in the cart. As they
tied his feet together and flung him into the cart, Aksionov crossed himself and wept. His
money and goods were taken from him, and he was sent to the nearest town
and imprisoned there. Enquiries as to his character were made in Vladimir. The merchants
and other inhabitants of that town said that in former days he used to drink and waste his
time, but that he was a good man. Then the trial came on: he was charged with murdering a
merchant from Ryazan, and robbing him of twenty thousand rubles.
His wife was in despair, and did not know what to believe. Her children were all quite small;
one was a baby at her breast. Taking them all with her, she went to the town where her
husband was in jail. At first she was not allowed to see him; but after much begging, she
obtained permission from the officials, and was taken to him. When she saw her husband in
prison-dress and in chains, shut up with thieves and criminals, she fell down, and did not
come to her senses for a long time. Then she drew her children to her, and sat down near
him. She told him of things at home, and asked about what had happened to him. He told
her all, and she asked, "What can we do now?"
"We must petition the Czar not to let an innocent man perish."
His wife told him that she had sent a petition to the Czar, but it had not been accepted.
Aksionov did not reply, but only looked downcast.
Then his wife said, "It was not for nothing I dreamt your hair had turned grey. You
remember? You should not have started that day." And passing her fingers through his hair,
she said: "Vanya dearest, tell your wife the truth; was it not you who did it?"
"So you, too, suspect me!" said Aksionov, and, hiding his face in his hands, he began to
weep. Then a soldier came to say that the wife and children must go away; and Aksionov
said good-bye to his family for the last time.
When they were gone, Aksionov recalled what had been said, and when he remembered
that his wife also had suspected him, he said to himself, "It seems that only God can know
the truth; it is to Him alone we must appeal, and from Him alone expect mercy."
And Aksionov wrote no more petitions; gave up all hope, and only prayed to God.
Aksionov was condemned to be flogged and sent to the mines. So he was flogged with a
knot, and when the wounds made by the knot were healed, he was driven to Siberia with
other convicts.

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For twenty-six years Aksionov lived as a convict in Siberia. His hair turned white as snow, and
his beard grew long, thin, and grey. All his mirth went; he stooped; he walked slowly, spoke
little, and never laughed, but he often prayed.
In prison Aksionov learnt to make boots, and earned a little money, with which he bought
The Lives of the Saints. He read this book when there was light enough in the prison; and on
Sundays in the prison-church he read the lessons and sang in the choir; for his voice was still
good.
The prison authorities liked Aksionov for his meekness, and his fellow-prisoners respected
him: they called him "Grandfather," and "The Saint." When they wanted to petition the
prison authorities about anything, they always made Aksionov their spokesman, and when
there were quarrels among the prisoners they came to him to put things right, and to judge
the matter.
No news reached Aksionov from his home, and he did not even know if his wife and children
were still alive.
One day a fresh gang of convicts came to the prison. In the evening the old prisoners
collected round the new ones and asked them what towns or villages they came from, and
what they were sentenced for. Among the rest Aksionov sat down near the newcomers, and
listened with downcast air to what was said.
One of the new convicts, a tall, strong man of sixty, with a closely-cropped grey beard, was
telling the others what be had been arrested for.
"Well, friends," he said, "I only took a horse that was tied to a sledge, and I was arrested and
accused of stealing. I said I had only taken it to get home quicker, and had then let it go;
besides, the driver was a personal friend of mine. So I said, 'It's all right.' 'No,' said they, 'you
stole it.' But how or where I stole it they could not say. I once really did something wrong,
and ought by rights to have come here long ago, but that time I was not found out. Now I
have been sent here for nothing at all... Eh, but it's lies I'm telling you; I've been to Siberia
before, but I did not stay long."
"Where are you from?" asked some one.
"From Vladimir. My family are of that town. My name is Makar, and they also call me
Semyonich."
Aksionov raised his head and said: "Tell me, Semyonich, do you know anything of the
merchants Aksionov of Vladimir? Are they still alive?"
"Know them? Of course I do. The Aksionovs are rich, though their father is in Siberia: a
sinner like ourselves, it seems! As for you, Gran'dad, how did you come here?"

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Aksionov did not like to speak of his misfortune. He only sighed, and said, "For my sins I have
been in prison these twenty-six years."
"What sins?" asked Makar Semyonich.
But Aksionov only said, "Well, well--I must have deserved it!" He would have said no more,
but his companions told the newcomers how Aksionov came to be in Siberia; how some one
had killed a merchant, and had put the knife among Aksionov's things, and Aksionov had
been unjustly condemned.
When Makar Semyonich heard this, he looked at Aksionov, slapped his own knee, and
exclaimed, "Well, this is wonderful! Really wonderful! But how old you've grown, Gran'dad!"
The others asked him why he was so surprised, and where he had seen Aksionov before; but
Makar Semyonich did not reply. He only said: "It's wonderful that we should meet here,
lads!"
These words made Aksionov wonder whether this man knew who had killed the merchant;
so he said, "Perhaps, Semyonich, you have heard of that affair, or maybe you've seen me
before?"
"How could I help hearing? The world's full of rumours. But it's a long time ago, and I've
forgotten what I heard."
"Perhaps you heard who killed the merchant?" asked Aksionov.
Makar Semyonich laughed, and replied: "It must have been him in whose bag the knife was
found! If some one else hid the knife there, 'He's not a thief till he's caught,' as the saying is.
How could any one put a knife into your bag while it was under your head? It would surely
have woke you up."
When Aksionov heard these words, he felt sure this was the man who had killed the
merchant. He rose and went away. All that night Aksionov lay awake. He felt terribly
unhappy, and all sorts of images rose in his mind. There was the image of his wife as she was
when he parted from her to go to the fair. He saw her as if she were present; her face and
her eyes rose before him; he heard her speak and laugh. Then he saw his children, quite
little, as they: were at that time: one with a little cloak on, another at his mother's breast.
And then he remembered himself as he used to be-young and merry. He remembered how
he sat playing the guitar in the porch of the inn where he was arrested, and how free from
care he had been. He saw, in his mind, the place where he was flogged, the executioner,
and the people standing around; the chains, the convicts, all the twentysix years of his
prison life, and his premature old age. The thought of it all made him so wretched that he
was ready to kill himself.

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"And it's all that villain's doing!" thought Aksionov. And his anger was so great against Makar
Semyonich that he longed for vengeance, even if he himself should perish for it. He kept
repeating prayers all night, but could get no peace. During the day he did not go near Makar
Semyonich, nor even look at him.
A fortnight passed in this way. Aksionov could not sleep at night, and was so miserable that
he did not know what to do.
One night as he was walking about the prison he noticed some earth that came rolling out
from under one of the shelves on which the prisoners slept. He stopped to see what it was.
Suddenly Makar Semyonich crept out from under the shelf, and looked up at Aksionov with
frightened face. Aksionov tried to pass without looking at him, but Makar seized his hand
and told him that he had dug a hole under the wall, getting rid of the earth by putting it into
his high-boots, and emptying it out every day on the road when the prisoners were driven to
their work.
"Just you keep quiet, old man, and you shall get out too. If you blab, they'll flog the life out
of me, but I will kill you first."
Aksionov trembled with anger as he looked at his enemy. He drew his hand away, saying, "I
have no wish to escape, and you have no need to kill me; you killed me long ago! As to
telling of you--I may do so or not, as God shall direct."
Next day, when the convicts were led out to work, the convoy soldiers noticed that one or
other of the prisoners emptied some earth out of his boots. The prison was searched and
the tunnel found. The Governor came and questioned all the prisoners to find out who had
dug the hole. They all denied any knowledge of it. Those who knew would not betray Makar
Semyonich, knowing he would be flogged almost to death. At last the Governor turned to
Aksionov whom he knew to be a just man, and said:
"You are a truthful old man; tell me, before God, who dug the hole?"
Makar Semyonich stood as if he were quite unconcerned, looking at the Governor and not
so much as glancing at Aksionov. Aksionov's lips and hands trembled, and for a long time he
could not utter a word. He thought, "Why should I screen him who ruined my life? Let him
pay for what I have suffered. But if I tell, they will probably flog the life out of him, and
maybe I suspect him wrongly. And, after all, what good would it be to me?"
"Well, old man," repeated the Governor, "tell me the truth: who has been digging under the
wall?"

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Aksionov glanced at Makar Semyonich, and said, "I cannot say, your honour. It is not God's
will that I should tell! Do what you like with me; I am your hands."
However much the Governor! tried, Aksionov would say no more, and so the matter had to
be left.
That night, when Aksionov was lying on his bed and just beginning to doze, some one came
quietly and sat down on his bed. He peered through the darkness and recognised Makar.
"What more do you want of me?" asked Aksionov. "Why have you come here?"
Makar Semyonich was silent. So Aksionov sat up and said, "What do you want? Go away, or I
will call the guard!"
Makar Semyonich bent close over Aksionov, and whispered, "Ivan Dmitrich, forgive me!"
"What for?" asked Aksionov.
"It was I who killed the merchant and hid the knife among your things. I meant to kill you
too, but I heard a noise outside, so I hid the knife in your bag and escaped out of the
window."
Aksionov was silent, and did not know what to say. Makar Semyonich slid off the bedshelf
and knelt upon the ground. "Ivan Dmitrich," said he, "forgive me! For the love of God,
forgive me! I will confess that it was I who killed the merchant, and you will be released and
can go to your home."
"It is easy for you to talk," said Aksionov, "but I have suffered for you these twenty-six years.
Where could I go to now?... My wife is dead, and my children have forgotten me. I have
nowhere to go..."
Makar Semyonich did not rise, but beat his head on the floor. "Ivan Dmitrich, forgive me!"
he cried. "When they flogged me with the knot it was not so hard to bear as it is to see you
now ... yet you had pity on me, and did not tell. For Christ's sake forgive me, wretch that I
am!" And he began to sob.
When Aksionov heard him sobbing he, too, began to weep. "God will forgive you!" said he.
"Maybe I am a hundred times worse than you." And at these words his heart grew light, and
the longing for home left him. He no longer had any desire to leave the prison, but only
hoped for his last hour to come.

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In spite of what Aksionov had said, Makar Semyonich confessed, his guilt. But when the
order for his release came, Aksionov was already dead.
TASK 3: Discussion Questions:
1.Why did Asionov began to weep with Makar?
2.What are the series of events that led to Aksionov's imprisonment?
3.Why did Makar disclose that he had killed the merchant?
4.What does Aksionov realize by the end of the story "God Sees the Truth, but Waits"?
5.What is the meaning of Aksionov's wife's dream?
6.In Leo Tolstoy's story "God Sees the Truth, But Waits," why did the author include the
book The Lives of the Saints?
TASK 4: On a short-sized bondpaper, describe the following characters using the table below.
AKSIONOV MAKAR
Before Imprisonment
After Imprisonment
TASK 5: “Is it worth waiting for”?

Directions: Create a checklist of the indicators an individual must consider when waiting for
something for too long.
It is worth waiting if . . .
 ____________________
 ____________________
 ____________________

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LESSON 7
The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore
Cooper
James Fenimore Cooper is an American prolific writer whose literature career covers for a
period of 30 years. One of his famous masterpieces is the novel “The Last of the Mohicans”
which is set in 1757 during the seven-year war between the French and the British. Read the
summary below.
SUMMARY
The Last of the Mohicans is a historical novel set in 1757 in central New York during the
French and Indian War between the French, English, and their respective Native American
allies. However, inCooper's novel, the actual British/Iroquois and French/Lenape or
Delaware alliances are reversed. At the beginning of the novel, four travelers begin a
hazardous journey from one British fort to another. Cora Munro, her half sister Alice, and
their escort, Major Duncan Heyward, ride on horseback from Fort Edward to Fort William
Henry through the woods. An offbeat singing teacher from Connecticut named David Gamut
accompanies them. Magua, a Huron scout, guides them.
The travelers and their guide encounter the talkative white woodsman Natty Bumppo
(otherwise known as Hawkeye), a Mohican chief named Chingachgook, and his son Uncas.
Hawkeye tells the group their Huron scout cannot be trusted and has led them astray. At
first, Heyward refuses to believe Hawkeye, but then he realizes that they have been duped.
Magua runs away, but Hawkeye and the two Mohicans agree to accompany the travelers.
For safety's sake, the travelers are brought to a secure place at the foot of Glenn's Falls for
the night. Hidden in a cave, the travelers rest. The next morning, Iroquois attack. Since
Hawkeye and the Mohicans run out of ammunition, they cannot fight. At Cora's urging, the
three men float downstream to get help.
Magua and his band of warriors capture Cora, Alice, Heyward, and Gamut. Heyward tries to
persuade Magua to take the women back to their father, but the Huron warrior refuses
unless Cora agrees to become his wife. Horrified, Cora refuses, and the captives are tied up
and threatened with violence. Just in time, Hawkeye and his companions arrive and attack
the Iroquois. The travelers are saved, but Magua escapes. The group sings a hymn of thanks
for their successful rescue.

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That night, the group takes shelter in the ruins of a remote fort. Chingachgook keeps watch
while the rest of the party sleeps. When the moon rises, the group moves on. At dawn, they
reach the outskirts of Fort William Henry, which is under siege. A French lookout stops them
from going farther, but Heyward speaks to the soldier in French. After lying that he is
bringing the prisoners to Montcalm, the travelers are allowed to pass. In the meantime,
Chingachgook kills the lookout and disposes of his body.
Although French troops have encircled the fort, the embattled group is able to find their way
through dense fog and gun smoke to the front gates. They enter the safety of the fort, and
Cora and Alice are reunited with their father.
During the siege, Hawkeye acts as a messenger. He is sent to Fort Edward to ask General
Webb for reinforcements. When Hawkeye returns, he carries a letter from Webb, but the
French intercept it. After the French and English call a temporary truce, Montcalm and
Munro meet. Once Munro realizes Webb's letter indicates that he is not sending additional
troops, Munro accepts his men will no longer be able to adequately defend the fort. Munro
accepts the terms of surrender and prepares to evacuate.
The next day, English soldiers and their families march out of Fort William Henry. As soon as
they go into the forest, the Iroquois allies of the French mercilessly kill many of them.
French troops do nothing to help. In the confusion, Magua captures Alice, Cora, and Gamut
and takes them far from the massacre.
The rest of the group—Hawkeye, Uncas, Chingachgook, and Heyward—join Munro. For
three days, Hawkeye carefully tracks Magua and his captives. In close pursuit, they follow
Magua toward the Huron camp. On the way, they meet Gamut, who informs them the
Hurons have Alice, and the Delawares are holding Cora. This makes their rescue efforts even
more challenging. To make matters worse, a Huron war party captures Uncas.
Through the use of clever disguises, Heyward rescues Alice, and Hawkeye rescues Uncas
from the Hurons. Leaving Gamut behind, they retreat to the Delaware village. Meanwhile,
Magua comes in peace to the village to plead his case before the aged Delaware chief,
Tamenund. Magua reveals the true identify of Hawkeye and Uncas and argues he should be
allowed to marry Cora. Ultimately, Tamenund frees Uncas and Hawkeye, but he rules in
Magua's favor. Magua leaves the Delaware village with Cora.
After Magua leaves, Uncas convinces the Delaware warriors to fight the Hurons. Along with

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Hawkeye, Chingachgook, Munro, and Gamut, the Delawares defeat the Hurons. Amazingly,
Magua escapes once more, but this time Hawkeye, Heyward, and Gamut pursue him into a
dark cave and up a steep hill. On a narrow ledge, the foes face off. One of the Huron
warriors kills Cora, Magua kills Uncas, and Hawkeye kills Magua.
Afterward, the Delawares mourn the dead and bury Cora and Uncas. Munro and Heyward
escort Alice from the village, and Hawkeye and Chingachgook together grieve for Uncas, the
last of the Mohicans.
TASK 1: Fill in the story chain below by identifying the significant events in the novel after you
have read the summary.
INTRODUCTION
RISING ACTION
CLIMAX
FALLING ACTION
RESOLUTION

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TASK 2: Watch the movie adaptation of The Last of the Mohicans. Write an analysis about
the major theme in the story in a short size bondpaper.

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LESSON 8 SLAM POETRY

TASK 1: Through the use of a semantic web, try to recall some ideas or words you remember
about poetry.
POETRY
What is SLAM POETRY?

A form of performance poetry that occurs within a competitive poetry event, called a
“slam”, at which poets perform their own poems.
Marc Smith founded the slam poetry in Chicago in 1984 to challenge conventional poetry.
This is also done to attract wider audience not just to the scholars in order to bring interest
to a broader crowd.
Example:
1. When Love Arrives
“Love is not who you were expecting, love is not who you can predict. Maybe love is in New
York City, already asleep; You are in California, Australia, wide awake. Maybe love is
always in the wrong time zone. Maybe love is not ready for you. Maybe you are not ready for
love. Maybe love just isn’t the marrying type. Maybe the next time you see love is twenty

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years after the divorce, love is older now, but just as beautiful as you remembered. Maybe
love is only there for a month. Maybe love is there for every firework, every birthday party,
every hospital visit. Maybe love stays- maybe love can’t. Maybe love shouldn’t.
Love arrives exactly when love is supposed to,
And love leaves exactly when love must.
When love arrives, say, “Welcome. Make yourself comfortable.”
If love leaves, ask her to leave the door open behind her.
Turn off the music, listen to the quiet, whisper,
“Thank you for stopping by.””
2. The Type
“Do not spend time wondering if you are the type of woman men will hurt
If he leaves you with a car alarm heart, you learn to sing along
It is hard to stop loving the ocean
Even after it has left you gasping, salty
So forgive yourself for the decisions you’ve made

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The ones you still call mistakes when you tuck them in at night
And know this:
Know that you are the type of woman who is searching for a place to call yours
Let the statues crumble
You have always been the place
You are the kind of woman who can build it yourself
You were born to build”
3. Still Here
“They can give us all they got
But they won’t destroy us not as long as I’m still here
I’ve walked these shoes until they’re thin
I’ve wandered halfway round the world and wandered back again
The road is long the night is cold when I’m out there on my own
Your face lit by the hallway lamp is how I know I’m home
Still here, still here”
4. Scaffolding

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“I learned things don’t happen and then disappear.
Once they happen, they still are here.
And you can move on and forget them but they still exist somewhere.
So no matter how far behind you leave them, they still wait for you there.
This is the house I grew up in, but it is not my home.
And without that scaffolding these walls are having a hard time standing on their own.”
TASK 2: Through the use of a venn diagram, compare and contrast “slam poetry” from
“traditional poetry”.
Traditional Poetry Slam Poetry
TASK 3: Create your own slam poetry.

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LESSON 9
Kitchen by Banana Yushimoto (Japanese Literature)
Task 1: Fill in the table below with any idea or pieces of information that you can share about the
topic. Discuss your answers in the class.
LGBT
Then Now
Task 2: Read the story from Japanese Literature entitled “Kitchen” by Banana Yoshimoto
SUMMARY
At the beginning of the novella, Mikage, a young woman whose grandmother has recently died,
explains her love for kitchens. With the last remaining family member now gone, she finds comfort in
the kitchen, particularly next to the humming refrigerator. A few days later, Yuichi Tanabe, a young
man who works in the flower shop her grandmother used to frequent, visits Mikage and asks her to
have dinner with him and her mother.

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When Mikage arrives at Yuichi's apartment, she immediately falls in love with it. She is fascinated by
the kitchen, the comfortable sofa, and the plants all around. Later that night, she meets Yuichi's
mother Eriko and is stunned by her beauty. Yuichi is highly amused by her reaction when he reveals
that his mother is actually his father, who had a sex-change operation. Yuichi's mother eventually
asks Mikage to stay at their place for a while. Mikage accepts the offer, as the apartment she
inherited from her grandmother is too expensive, and she has been planning to move to a new place
for some time.
A little later, when Mikage is moving things from her old apartment to Yuichi's place, she gets a
phone call from her ex-boyfriend, Sotaro, who wants to meet up with her. He tells her that everyone
at school knows she lives with Yuichi, and that his girlfriend slapped him in public when she found
out about it. Mikage, however, does not think that living with Yuichi is such a serious issue. When
she later talks to Yuichi about her opinion, he agrees with her.
Mikage then dreams about Yuichi and her cleaning up her old apartment before finally leaving it.
They sing a love song before Yuichi, who changes into a prince, expresses his craving for ramen.
When Mikage wakes up and goes into the kitchen, she runs into Yuichi, who tells her that he came in
to have ramen. He also talks about his dream and describes the tiles of Mikage's old kitchen,
indicating that both had the same dream.
Eventually, Mikage moves out and starts working as an assistant in a cooking school. One day she
gets a call from Yuichi, telling her that his mother has been murdered some time ago. She
immediately rushes over and comforts Yuichi, who confesses that he has not been able to tell her
earlier because of his grief. He also reveals the circumstances of the murder: Eriko has been stabbed
in her nightclub by a man who found out that she was a man; however, she was still able to beat him
to death with a crowbar, calling both killings self-defense.
Both decide to have a magnificent meal together. Yuichi goes out and buys masses of groceries,
which Mikage transforms into an array of delicious treats. After the meal, they get drunk, and Yuichi
asks her to move back in with him. While she does not dismiss the idea entirely, she also refuses to
give him a clear answer, as she does not know if she would be his friend or his lover.
The next morning she is woken up by a phone call. However, the caller hangs up when she answers,
so she concludes it must have been a jealous girl. This turns out to be true when Yuichi's girlfriend
Okuno visits her at work, telling her to stay away from Yuichi. She is hurt by Mikage slowly taking
over Yuichi without even realizing it.
Mikage, unsure of her relationship with Yuichi, accepts an offer to go on a business trip for a few
days. Shortly before leaving, however, she gets a call from Chika, one of Eriko's closest friends. The
two have lunch together. Chika finds it funny that neither Mikage nor Yuichi realize that they are in
love with each other, even though it is so obvious. She also tells Mikage that Yuichi plans to leave
Tokyo for a while to sort out his feelings and gives her the address of his hotel.

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During her business trip, Mikage calls Yuichi from an inn. Both complain about the dull food. Mikage
then orders katsudon, which turns out to be most delicious. She decides to take a taxi to bring some
to Yuichi as well. However, his hotel is already closed. With the moonlight guiding her, she climbs up
to his window and delivers the food. She leaves as mysteriously as she has come.
On the last day of her trip, Yuichi calls her. He tells her that he is over his grief and has returned to
Tokyo already, looking forward to picking her up at the train station when she comes back.
TASK 3: Elaborate the following major themes by supplying the significant events from the story and
by presenting your reflection on the themes.
DEATH TRANSSEXUALITY FRIENDSHIP

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Lesson 10
Bawang Merah Bawang Putih (Indonesian Literature)
Task 1: Describe yourself as a brother or sister to your siblings. Enumerate the
characteristics that you possess which you think is positive and negative.
The Sibling in Me
The Good Side The Bad Side
Task 2: Read the famous folklore from Indonesian Literature entitled “Bawang Merah dan
Bawang Putih”.
BAWANG Putih lived with her stepmother and her stepsister, Bawang Merah. Bawang
Putih's mother died when she was a baby. Her father remarried another woman and later her
step sister was born.
Unfortunately, not long after that her father died. Since then, Bawang Putih's life so sad. Her
stepmother and her step sister treated Bawang Putih badly and always asked her to do all the
household chores.
One morning, Bawang Putih was washing some clothes in a river. Accidentally, her mother's
clothes were washed away by the river. She was really worried so she walked along the
riverside to find the clothes. Finally she met an old woman. She said that she kept the clothes
and would give them back to Bawang Putih if she helped the old woman do the household
chores.

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Bawang Putih helped her happily. After everything was finished, the old woman returned the
clothes. She also gave Bawang Putih a gift. The old woman had two pumpkins, one pumpkin
was small and the other one was bigger. Bawang Putih had to choose one. Bawang Putih was
not a greedy girl. So she took the small one. After thanking the old
woman, Bawang Putih then went home. When she arrived home, her stepmother and
BawangMerah were
angry. They had been waiting for her all day long. Bawang Putih then told about the clothes,
the old woman, and the pumpkin. Her mother was really angry so she grabbed the pumpkin
and smashed it to the floor. Suddenly they all were surprised. Inside the pumpkin they found
jewelries.
"Bawang Merah, hurry up. Go to the river and throw my clothes into the water. After that,
find the old woman. Remember, you have to take the big pumpkin," the stepmother asked
Bawang Merah to do exactly the same as Bawang Putih's experience.
Bawang Merah immediately went to the river. She threw the clothes and pretended to search
them. Not long after that, she met the old woman. Again she asked Bawang Merah to do
household chores. She refused and asked the old woman to give her a big pumpkin.
The old woman then gave her the big one. Bawang Merah was so happy. She ran very fast.
When she arrived home, her mother was impatient. She directly smashed the pumpkin to the
floor. They were screaming. There were a lot of snakes inside the pumpkin! They were really
scared. They were afraid the snakes would bite them.
"Mom, I think God just punished us. We had done bad things to Bawang Putih. And God
didn't like that. We have to apologize to Bawang Putih," said Bawang Merah.
Finally both of them realized their mistakes. They apologized and Bawang Putih forgave
them. Now the family is not poor anymore. Bawang Putih decided to sell all the jewelries and
used the money for their daily lives. ***

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Task 3: Your Piece Sounds Familiar

Directions: After you have read the story, name at least three telenovelas in Philippine TV
which you think has a familiar or similar story with the famous Indonesian folklore.

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Online References: https://www.online-literature.com/tolstoy/2061/
https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/mohicans/summary/
https://jakartaglobe.id/culture/five-popular-indonesian-folk-tales-subtexts/
https://www.coursehero.com/lit/The -Last-of-the-Mohicans/discussion-questions/page-5/
https://www.gradesaver.com/kitchen/study-guide/analysis


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Republic of the Philippines

Cebu Normal University

College of Arts & Sciences

Course Name/Title: B.A. English Lit 3A,

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On Love and Life

2. Love of a worker towards his/her job

3. Love of a priest on his vocation

4. Love of the President towards his/ her country

Write your answers on a short bond paper.

What is true love then?

Why do we need to love others?

Describe one’s feelings when one is truly loved.

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When love beckons to you, follow him, Though

For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you.

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Love has no other desire but to fulfill itself.

To be wounded by your own understanding of love; And

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Questions for Discussion

1. What is the message of the poem?

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Presentation of the Text

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We're all friends to-night,

I sing, the wild moon wanders the sky.

While we're awake, let us join in carousal;

Only sweet drunkenness shall ever part us.

Questions for Discussion

2. What are the figures of speech found in the poem?

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and ideologies since these are universal.

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Oh me! Oh life! of the questions of these recurring,

1. What is the meaning of life according to Whitman’s poem?

2. What are the specific images of hopelessness in the poem?

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3. Trace the figures of speech found in the poem. Explain each.

4. What do you mean by the second stanza?

5. What is then your purpose in life?

6. What will you do then to make it meaningful?

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See it, Say it!

Questions for Personal Reflection

1. What is the most essential in life? Explain.