Rearrange the Jumbled Sentences with Answers

♦ Read the sentences given below. They are not in the correct sequential
order. Rewrite the sentences in a paragraph form placing them in the correct
order:

Question 1.
(a) of the/are venomous/only/300 out/species/2700 known
(b) which is/yellow liquid/water/snake venom/90% of/is a
(c) expelled/poison gland/that is/it is/from the/substance
(d) of thick/are/connective/these glands/made/tissues
(e) used it/in the/to treat/doctors/12th century/leprosy

Question 2.
(a) The eldest of the three sons would have become the king after his father.
(b) So he drove the three sons away.
(c) There was once a king in India who died leaving behind three sons.
(d) But the captain of the king’s army wanted the kingdom for himself.

Answer:
(c) There was once a king in India who died leaving three sons.
(a) The eldest of the three sons would have become the king after his father.
(d) But the captain of the king’s army wanted the kingdom for himself.
(b) So he drove the three sons away.

Question 3.
(a) What were the conditions of life in London during the days of the plague?
(b) He was a child during the plague and could not remember much.
(c) We know that a lot of people moved away from the city and went to other
places which were free of the plague.
(d) The writer Daniel Defoe described conditions in London during the plague,
but he did this some years after it had ended.

Answer:
(a) What were the conditions of life in London during the days of the plague?
(c) We know that a lot of people moved away from the city and went to other
places which were free of the plague.
(d) The writer Daniel Defoe described conditions in London during the plague,
but he did this some years after it had ended.
(b) He was a child during the plague and could not remember much.

Question 4.
(a) He had many brothers.
(b) When the old king died, there was fighting between the brothers for the
throne.
(c) Ashoka was born in the ruling Maurya family of Magadha.
(d) Ashoka was able to defeat his brothers.

Answer:
(c) Ashoka was born in the ruling Maurya family of Magadha.
(a) He had many brothers.
(b) When the old king died, there was fighting between the brothers for the
throne.
(d) Ashoka was able to defeat his brothers.

Question 5.
(a) of its residents/becomes a/it reflect /a house/the personality/home when
(b) has to look/no rules/how our/ there are/as to/home
(c) thing is/inhabiting them/should enjoy/the important/ that we
(d) about/houses are/our lives/personal statements
(e) the confidence/in ourselves/they reflect/we have
(f) we have/will be/the more/individualistic/confidence/the more/ our homes

Question 6.
(a) Special arrangements are made to water the wheat plants in winter.
(b) They grow to about 8” height by December.
(c) At this time in December, they need watering.
(d) Wheat seeds are planted in October.

Answer:
(d) Wheat seeds are planted in October.
(b) They grow to about 8” height by December.
(c) At this time in December, they need watering.
(d) Special arrangements are made to water the wheat plants in winter.

Question 7.
(a) He is called so because he led India to freedom from British rule.
(b) The first cause that he took up was of an indigo farmer of Champaran,
Bihar.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi is called the Father of the Nation.
(d) He started fighting for India’s freedom after he returned from South Africa.

Answer:
(c) Mahatma Gandhi is called the Father of the Nation.
(a) He is called so because he led India to freedom from British rule.
(d) He started fighting for India’s freedom after he returned from South Africa.
(b) The first cause that he took up was of an indigo farmer of Champaran,
Bihar.

Question 8.
(a) We decided to have a special morning assembly and a cultural programme
in the last two periods.
(b) I have been chosen to be the Head Boy of my school.
(c) I was given the responsibility of organising the Children’s Day programme
in the school.
(d) I had a meeting with the members of the Students’ Council to decide the
programme.

Answer:
(b) I have been chosen to be the Head Boy of my school.
(c) I was given the responsibility of organizing the Children’s Day Programme
in tine school.
(id) I had a meeting with the members of the Students’ Council to decide on
the programme.
(a) We decided to have a special morning assembly and a cultural programme
in the last two periods.

Worksheet on Sentence Transformation for Class 11

1. Sidda was hanging about the gate. (Make it Negative)

2. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? (Make it an assertive

sentence/Statement)

3. While she ate, the coolie sat opposite her on his haunches. (Use ‘No sooner ….
than’)

4. As soon as I spotted the book on the shelf, I bought it. (Use ‘no sooner ….. than’)

5. She dances very well. (Negative)

6. He is in the waiting room. (Make it Complex)

7. It takes much time to kill a tree. (Turn into negative)

8. It is only magicians who know that. (Turn into negative)

9. Not so much pain will do it. (Change into Affirmative)

10. Though he has got a prize he is not satisfied. (Simple)

11. He is a man of knowledge. (Use the adjective form of ‘knowledge’)

12. They walked unsteadily. (Make it Negative)

13. He is a forgetful person. (Use the noun form of “‘forgetful”)

14. Seeing good paintings and sculpture, whether or not they understand them fully,
will train their eyes, strengthen their powers of discernment and gradually awaken
the aesthetic sensibilities. (Begin with: ‘Whatever they understand from the vision’)

15. I believe that we are not real social workers. (Rewrite the sentence using the
noun form of ‘believe’)

16. I wish that youth was eternal. (Exclamatory)

17. He has neither a sister nor a brother. (Simple)

18. Our country’s economic decline has followed closely the decay of its functional
arts. (Begin with: ‘But for…..’)

19. As soon as he came in her life – immediately she went in haste to give that
news. (Make it Complex)

20. She is cleverer than her sister. (Negative)

21. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother Ashiamma. (Turn into a Complex

sentence)

22. She led him down the hall to the front door. (Turn into an Interrogative sentence)

23. He had served nearly ten months of a four year sentence. (Make it Negative)

24. I don’t like the colour black. (Question)

25. I am not so attractive as your recently left companion. (Change the degree)

26. It would be a fascinating game, guessing what went on out there. (Turn the
Participle into an Infinitive)
27. He is taller than you. (Positive)

28. He was sorry that he was late. (Simple)

29. After cleaning the shelf she put the book on it. (Compound)

30. It was really a linnet singing outside the window. (Make it Complex sentence)

31. Few girls can resist flattery. (Use the Noun form of ‘resist’).

32. Do you think I’m mad? (Assertive)

33. One of them was in a most terrible condition. (Change the degree of
Comparison)

34. She knew two or three letters of the alphabet and could draw a kind of cat and
crow. (Make it Simple & Compound)

35. Aren’t you ashamed of yourself? (Turn into an Assertive sentence)

36. I had the most extraordinary experience with a Hindu family. (Change the degree
of Comparison)

37. But the provision that our universities make for this is sorely inadequate at
present. (Make it Compound)

38. The humming insects don’t disturb his rest. (Change into a complex sentence)

39. The clerk was impressed. (Use the adjective form of ‘impressed”)

40. She was silent. (Rewrite using the Noun form of ‘silent’)

41. Ben Price knew Jimmy’s habits. (Change into a negative sentence)

42. Although he is needy, he never begs. (Simple)

43. It is easy to please Rajsekhar. (Use adverb form of ‘easy’)

44. One mistake more and the coach will turn you out from the team. (Complex)

45. Iron is an useful metal. (Interrogative)

46. Gujratis are generally vegetarian. (Negative)

47. I never cracked a safe in my life. (Omit ‘never’)

48. The Tsar washed it as best he could. (Change into Comparative degree)
49. Sidda was given two meals a day and four rupees a month. (Make it Negative)

50. He allowed her to peep through a little gap. (Make it Negative)

Answers
1. It was not that Sidda was not hanging about the gate.

2. I wonder whether I should compare thee to a summer’s day or not.

3. No sooner did she eat than the coolie sat opposite her on his haunches.

4. No sooner did I spot the book on the shelf than I bought it.

5. She does not dance badly.

6. He is in the room which is meant for waiting.

7. It does not take little time to kill a tree.

8. None but the magicians know that.

9. So much pain is insufficient to do it.

10. He has got a prize but he is not satisfied.

11. He is a knowledgeable man.

12. They did not walk steadily.

13. He is a person who suffers from forgetfulness.

14. Whatever they understand from the vision of paintings and sculpture will train
their eyes, strengthen their powers of discernment, and gradually awaken the
aesthetic sensibilities.

15. It is my belief that we are not real social workers.

16. If the youth was eternal!

17. He does not have a sister or brother.

18. But for the decay of our country’s functional arts the economic decline has
followed it closely.

19. The moment when he came in her life she went in haste to give that news.

20. She is no less cleverer than her sister.

21. He had an ideal helpmate in my mother, whose name was Ashiamma.

22. Did she not lead him down the hall to the front door?

23. He had served not more than ten months of a four year sentence.

24. Do I like the colour black ?

25. Your recently left companion is more attractive than me.

26. It would be a fascinating game to guess what went on out there.

27. He is not as short as you.

28. He was sorry for being late.

29. She cleaned the shelf and put the book on it.

30. It was really a linnet who was singing outside the window.

31. Most girls cannot resist flattery.

32. You think I’m mad.

33. One of them was in a more terrible condition than others. (Comparative) / None
of the others were in as terrible a condition as that one person. (Positive)

34. Besides knowing two or three letters of the alphabet, she could draw a kind of cat
and crow. (Simple) / Not only she knew two or three letters of the alphabet but also
she could draw a kind of cat and crow. (Complex)

35. You should be ashamed of yourself.

36. I had no other experience more extraordinary than the one with a Hindu family.
(Comparative) / I had no other experience as extraordinary as the one with a Hindu
family. (Positive)

37. Our universities make provision for this but it is sorely inadequate at present.

38. The insects which are humming don’t disturb his rest.

39. It was impressive to the clerk.

40. She kept silence.

41. Jimmy’s habits were not unknown to Ben Price.

42. In spite of being needy he never begs.

43. Rajsekhar is easily pleased.

44. If you do one more mistake the coach will turn you out from the team.

45. is iron an useful metal?

46. Gujaratis are rarely non vegetarian.

47. I have not cracked a safe ever in my life.

48. The Tsar washed it better than he ever could.

49. Sidda was not given more than two meals a day and four rupees a month.

50. It seems he is not a new criminal.

Clauses Exercises with Answers

A clause is a group of words having a subject and a verb of its own, but it forms part
of a sentence. A clause has no independent existence.
In other words, a clause is a single sentence within a larger sentence, made of two or
more than two clauses which are joined by suitable conjunctions.
Study the following sentences:

1. A morning walk is useful.

2. He saw the beggar and gave him a coin.
3. This is the girl who won the first prize.
Sentence No. 1 has already one finite verb and hence one clause.
Sentence no. 2 has two clauses joined by ‘and’.

Clauses are of three kinds:

1. Principal or Main Clause

2. Co-ordinate Clause
3. Subordinate Clause

Let us study them separately:

1. Principal or Main Clause. This is the most important clause in the sentence. It is
also called the independent clause. It does not depend on any clause for its
meaning.
Read the following sentences:

1. I love the city where I was born.

2. It is certain that she will help you.
3. We love India because it is our motherland.
In the above sentences, “I love the city”, “It is certain” and “We love India”
are Principal or Main clauses.

2. Co-ordinate Clause. A clause which is equally independent like the Principal

clause is called a co-ordinate clause. It is joined by co-ordinate conjunctions like and,
but, so, or, otherwise, either, not only etc.
Read the following sentences:

1. I know him and I like him.

2. Work hard otherwise, you will fail.
3. He felt tired, so he lay down to rest.
Each of the above sentences has two clauses of equal merit. These are
joined by the coordinating conjunctions ‘and’, ‘otherwise’ and ‘so’. We
may put them in the form of a table.

3. Subordinate Clause. A Subordinate clause is dependent on the Principal clause.

Read the following sentences:

1. I know that you are a good boy.

2. This is the book which she gave me.
3. I shall wait here till you come back.

In sentence 1, the Subordinate clause ‘That you are a good boy’ depends on the
Principal clause, ‘I know’. In sentences 2 and 3 the clauses ‘which she gave me’ and
‘till you come back’ are Subordinate clauses. They depend on their Principal clauses
‘This is the book’, and ‘I shall wait here’ respectively.

Let us study clauses in relation to sentences:

Sentences may be classified into three types according to their grammatical
structure:
1. Simple Sentences,  2. Compound Sentences,  3. Complex Sentences.

1. A Simple sentence has only one clause i.e. one subject and one
predicate but it has a complete meaning, e.g.
The students are playing cricket.
2. A Compound sentence has two or more main clauses joined together by
coordinating conjunctions like and, but, so, and so, therefore, for, yet,
still, now, or, otherwise, either…………… or, neither……… nor, not only……… but
also, e.g.
She ran fast and caught the bus.
Ankit worked hard but failed to qualify.
3. A Complex sentence has one main clause and one or more subordinate
clauses, e.g.,
o He said that truth wins in the end.
o I know the lady who wrote this novel.
o Let us wait till she arrives.

The italicised portions of the above sentences are Subordinate Clauses.

The Subordinate Clauses are of three kinds,
(i) Noun Clause (ii) Adjective Clause (iii) Adverb Clause

(i) Noun Clause
A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun. Noun clauses begin with
words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever,
who, whoever, whom, whomever and why. These words generally come before the
subject and the verb of the noun clause. Noun clauses can act as subjects, direct
objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, or objects of a preposition, e g.

 Choose a gift for whomever you want.

(Whomever you want is a noun clause and it contains the subject you
and the verb want. The clause acts as an object of the preposition for in
the sentence.)
 On weekends, we can do whatever we want.
(‘Whatever we want is a noun clause and it contains the subject we and
the verb want. The clause acts as a direct object in the sentence.)
 I wonder how long we should wait here.
(How long we should wait here is a noun clause and it contains the
subject we and the verb phrase should wait. The clause acts as a direct
object in the sentence.)

Adjective Clauses describe a noun or pronoun in the main clause, e.g.

 1. The book which has a green cover is mine.
2. The boy who is playing outside is my brother.
3. God helps those who help themselves.

Adverb Clauses function as adverbs in relation to the main clause or other clauses.

They may modify the verb or an adjective or another adverb by expressing their time,
place, reason, purpose, result, condition, manner etc., e.g.

1. Make hay while the sun shines.

2. You may go whenever you like.
3. Plants breathe as animals do.
4. We eat that we may live.
5. He ran so hard  that he got tired.
6. She failed because she wasted her time.
7. If I make a promise, I keep it.

CO-ORDINATE CLAUSES

Co-ordinate clauses are joined by co-ordinate connectives. Study the use of co-
ordinate connectives. We may divide them into four categories.

1. And, both …. and, not only      but also, moreover, as well as, etc. are used
to join
co-ordinate clauses which balance each other; as—
He struck me and I fell down.
He is both dull and stupid.
The teacher as well as the students went to the trade fair.
The thief was not only beaten but also handed over to the police.
2. But, yet, nevertheless, however, on the other hand, still, for all that,
whereas etc. are used to introduce a Co-ordinate clause that expresses
an idea which is different from the one that has been already stated; as
—
She ran fast but missed the bus.
He hates me still I love him.
She has deceived me, nevertheless, I will help her.
I knocked at her door, however, there was no response.
3. Or, either …… or, neither ……. nor, else, otherwise are used to join two
statements of equal value or two alternatives to choose from; as—
Run fast or you will miss the train.
He is either a painter or a dancer.
She neither contacted me nor reached home.
Tell me facts, otherwise, you will be punished.
 4. So, consequently, therefore, accordingly are used to introduce a co-
ordinate clause which expresses a natural and obvious result of the
previous clause; as—
He felt tired, so he rested under a tree.
I could not get a bus, consequently, I had to go by taxi.
I liked her performance, therefore, I gave her promotion.
There is no demand for transistor radios in this season, accordingly, I am
not able to place an order at present.

COMBINING SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO A COMPOUND SENTENCE

Study the following examples:

1. Separate: The sunset. It grew dark.

Combined: The sunset and it grew dark.
2. Separate: She is rich. She is unhappy.
Combined: She is rich but she is unhappy.
3. Separate: Mohit is smart. Mohit is honest.
Combined: Mohit is both smart and honest.

Or

Mohit is not only smart but also honest.

1. Separate: I shall take tea. If not, I shall take coffee.

Combined: I shall take either tea or coffee.
2. Separate: He did not take meat. He did not take eggs.
Combined: He took neither meat nor eggs.
3. Separate: She is ill. She cannot go to the office.
Combined: She is ill, therefore, she cannot go to the office.
4. Separate: You must work hard. Else you give up studies.
Combined: Either work hard or give up studies.
5. Separate: I could not hire a taxi. I had no money.
Combined: I could not hire a taxi, for I had no money.
6. Separate: He was ill. He welcomed me cheerfully.
Combined: He was ill, yet he welcomed me cheerfully.
7. Separate: Work harder. You will fail.
Combined: Work harder otherwise you will fail.

EXERCISE 1
(Solved)

Combine each set of Simple Sentences into Compound sentences:

 1. He abused me. I slapped across his face.
2. She is rich. She leads an unhappy life.
3. I called on you yesterday. You were not at home.
4. The sun rose. The fog disappeared.
5. He works in a shop. He studies in a college.
6. The bell’s about to go. We should go to our classes.
7. She will come here on Monday. If she cannot she will come on Tuesday.
8. I will not go to Mussoorie. I will not go to Nainital.
9. Keep quiet. I shall turn you out of the class.
10. We do not borrow money. We do not lend money.

Answers:

1. He abused me and I slapped across his face.

2. She is rich but she leads an unhappy life.
3. I called on you yesterday, but you were not at home.
4. The sun rose and the fog disappeared.
5. He not only works in a shop, but also studies in a college.
He both works in a shop and studies in a college.
6. The bell is about to go, therefore, we should go to our classes.
7. She will come here either on Monday or Tuesday.
8. I will go neither to Mussoorie nor to Nainital.
9. Keep quiet or I shall turn you out of the class.
10. We neither borrow nor lend money.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

You are already aware that a complex sentence has one Principal clause
and one or more subordinate clauses. You have also read that a clause is classified
by the  function it performs in the sentence. Now let us study more about the
subordinate clauses.
Subordinate clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions. These are: that,
who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, what, if, as, as if, how, so as, since,
before, after, till, until, though, so that, lest, etc.

A.    THE NOUN CLAUSE

A clause that does the work of a Noun is called a Noun Clause. Functions of a Noun
Clause:

1. Subject to a Verb:
What he does is not known to me.
That he will recover is certain.
 2. Object to a Verb:
He promised that he would help me.
I asked her when she would return.
Have you heard what has happened?
3. Object to a Preposition:
Please attend to what I say.
She was contented with what she had.
I never believe in what he says.
4. Object to an Infinitive:
I am glad to hear that you have passed.
I was shocked to hear that she had lost her father.
5. Object to a Gerund:
It depends on your sparing what I want.
She believes in sharing whatever she has.
6. Object to a Participle:
Hoping that she would win the race, she practised hard. Believing that
he was innocent, I pardoned him.
7. Complement to a Verb:
The fact is that she is innocent.
He felt that he had made a mistake.
It seems that we have taken a wrong turn.
8. In Apposition to a Noun/Pronoun:
The report that he was ill is wrong.
The news that the general was killed remained secret.
It is clear that he will not come.

COMBINING SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO A COMPLEX SENTENCE

(By using a Noun Clause)

1. Separate: You said something. It is true.

Combined: What you said is true.
2. Separate: When will the train arrive? The time is uncertain.
Combined: When the train will arrive is uncertain.

Or
It is uncertain when the train will arrive.

1. Separate: I was wrong. The teacher told me this.

Combined: The teacher told me that I was wrong.
2. Separate: You are repentant. I will not forget it.
Combined: I will not forget  that you are repentant.
3. Separate:  He had written something. I found him revising it.
Combined: I found him revising  what he had written.
 4. Separate:  You won a scholarship. I am happy to learn it.
Combined: I am happy to learn that you won a scholarship.
5. Separate: He will improve. This is our hope.
Combined: Our hope is  that he will improve.
6. Separate:  You will pass. I am confident.
Combined: I am confident that you will pass.
7. Separate: I said something. I am sorry for it.
Combined: I am sorry for  what I said.
8. Separate: He has been telling a lie. It is quite clear.
Combined : It is quite clear that he has been telling a lie.

EXERCISE 2
(Solved)

Combine each set of sentences into a complex sentence by using Noun clauses:

1. He will be late. That is certain.

2. He may be guilty. I cannot say.
3. I was right. The teacher told pie so.
4. He is the culprit. I am sure.
5. He shall stand first in the examination. It is certain.
6. He will not come in time. I am quite sure.
7. The patient will soon recover. The doctor said so.
8. I am going to my friend’s place. Everybody knows this.
9. I was delighted. I heard about my brother’s safe arrival.
10. Will you help me in this case? I want to know this.
11. How did he succeed in the examination? Everyone is confused.
12. His father would send him abroad. He was assured of it.
13. She is absolutely honest. This will be admitted by everyone.
14. The child will be well soon. The doctor is hopeful of this.
15. A serpent swallows the moon during the eclipse. This belief still exists.

Answers:

1. That he will be late is certain.

2. I cannot say whether he is guilty.
3. The teacher told me that I was right.
4. I am sure that he is the culprit.
5. It is certain that he will stand first in the examination.
6. I am quite sure that he will not come in time.
7. The doctor said that the patient will soon recover.
8. Everybody knows that I am going to my friend’s place.
9. I was delighted to hear that my brother had arrived safely.
 10. I want to know if you will help me in this case.
11. Everybody is confused about how he succeeded in the examination.
12. His father assured him that he would send him abroad.
13. That she is absolutely honest will be admitted by everyone.
14. The doctor is hopeful that the child will be well soon.
15. The belief that a serpent swallows the moon during eclipse still exists.

B. THE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

An Adjective clause qualifies a Noun or Pronoun in the Principal clause. Since it

begins with Relative Pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that) or Relative Adverbs
(when, where, why) etc., it is also called a Relative clause. An adjective clause may
begin with such, some and but also. It answers the question “which person or thing”.
Examples:

 God helps those who help themselves.

 Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
 The house, which is for sale is at the end of the street.
 This is the house where my friend lives.
 Youth is the time when seeds of character are sown.
 Do you know the reason why he is always late.
 Please tell me the way how these sums are done.
 His reply was such as I expected.
 Your  answer is the same as mine (is).
 There was none but wept (= who did not weep).

COMBINING SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO A COMPLEX SENTENCE

(By using an Adjective Clause)

Examples:

1. Separate: Harsha keeps a pet dog. I like it.

Combined: I like the pet dog which Harsha keeps.
2. Separate: I know the boy. He stole your purse.
Combined: I know the boy who stole your purse.
3. Separate: She is my cousin. I often play with her.
Combined: She is my cousin with whom I often play.
4. Separate: A jug is lying on the table. A jug is full of milk.
Combined: The jug that is lying on the table is full of milk.
5. Separate: Where were you born? Do you know the place?
Combined: Do you know the place where you were born?
 6. Separate:  An accident took place yesterday. I remember the time it took
place.
Combined: I remember the time when the accident took place.
7. Separate:  Some people tell lies. I do not like such people.
Combined: I do not like such people who tell lies.

EXERCISE 3
(Solved)

Combine each set of Simple Sentences into one complex Sentence containing an
Adjective clause:

1. He met his old classmate. He is a judge now.

2. A lady wrote this book. She is coming to dinner.
3. He owns a dog. The children are afraid of it.
4. When does the train arrive? Do you know the time?
5. I was born in this house. This house is now in ruins.
6. Here is Drishti. I like her very much.
7. You are my friend. Only you can help me.
8. I drove home with Aditi. She has a Maruti car of her own.
9. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won a prize yesterday.
10. Some men are selfish. I do not like such men.

Answers:

1. He met his old classmate who is now a judge.

2. The lady who wrote this book is coming to dinner.
3. He owns a dog which the children are afraid of.
4. Do you know the time when the train arrives?

Kind Answers Connectives

When, while, as, before, as long as, as soon

(a) Time ‘When’
as, whenever, since etc.

(b) Place ‘Where’ where, wherever, whence etc.

(c) Manner ‘How’ as, according as, as if, as though etc.

(d) Purpose ‘For what’ so that, in order that, lest

(e) Reason or Cause ‘Why’ because, since, as, that, now etc.

(f) Result or Effect “What happened’ so—that, that, such—that etc.

(g) Condition Suppose If, unless, provided, supposing etc.

(h) Comparison How similar So—as, as—as, than etc.

(i) Concession or Contrast How different though, although, even if etc.

(j) Extent or proportion How much as far as, as much as, etc.
 5. The house where I was born is now in ruins.
Or
The house which I was born in is now in ruins.
6. Here is Drishti, whom I like very much.
7. You are my only friend who can help me.
8. Aditi, with whom I drove home, has a Maruti car of her own.
9. This is Mrs. Jones, whose son won a prize yesterday.
10. I do not like such men as being selfish.

C.    THE ADVERB CLAUSE

A Subordinate clause that does the work of an adverb is called an adverb clause.
Since an Adverb can modify a Verb, an Adjective, or another Adverb, the Adverb
Clause performs all these functions.

FUNCTIONS OF ADVERB CLAUSE:

An Adverb clause may be used to show.
(a) Time (b) Place (c) Manner (d) Purpose (e) Reason or Cause (f) Result or
Effect (g) Condition (h) Comparison (i) Concession or Contrast (j) Extent or
Proportion.
Study the table below showing the kind, function and connectives of various types of
Adverb clauses:

Illustrative Examples:

1. Adverb Clause showing Time:

Make hay while the sun shines.
Wait here till I return.
We reached the station after the train had left.
2. Adverb Clause showing Place:
Where there is a will, there is a way
You may go wherever you like.
3. Adverb Clause showing Manner:
Plants breathe as animals do.
While in Rome do as the Romans do.
He screamed as if he had seen a ghost.
4. Adverb Clause showing Purpose:
He works hard so that he may pass.
We eat that we may live.
Walk carefully lest you should stumble.
5. Adverb Clause showing Reason or Cause:
She failed because she wasted her time.
 Since you say so, I must believe it.
As he was not there, I spoke to his mother.
6. Adverb Clause showing Result or Effect:
He ran so hard that he got tired.
He talked such nonsense that none listened to him.
7. Adverb Clause showing Condition:
If I make a promise, I keep it.
Unless you work harder, you will fail.
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. Supposing you fail, what will
you do?
8. Adverb Clause showing Comparison:
She is as tall as you are.
I like you no less than him.
She is older than she looks.
9. Adverb Clause showing Concession or Contrast:
Though he is poor, he is honest.
We must start even if it rains.
He can’t pass however hard we may try.
10. Adverb Clause showing Extent or Proportion:
As far as I know, he is a fine gentleman.
The higher you go, the cooler it is.
The richer you grow the poorer you become.

COMBINING SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO A COMPLEX SENTENCE

(By using an Adverb clause)

Illustrative Examples:

1. Separate: I will come back soon. Do not go till then.

Combined: Do not go till (until) I come back.
2. Separate: I was washing my hands. The telephone rang.
Combined: I was washing my hands when the telephone rang.
3. Separate: You may go anywhere. I shall follow you.
Combined: I shall follow you wherever you go.
4. Separate: She is poor. She is happy.
Combined: Though she is poor, she is happy.
5. Separate: It might rain. It looks like that.
Combined: It looks as if it might rain.
6. Separate: I can’t go. I have no tickets.
Combined:  I can’t go because I have no ticket.
7. Separate: Do not eat all that. You will fall ill.
Combined: If you eat all that, you will fall ill.
 8. Separate: She is very tired. She can scarcely stand.
Combined: She is so tired that she can scarcely stand.
9. Separate: He should work hard. Otherwise, he will fail.
Combined: If he does not work hard, he will fail.
10. Separate: You may run quite hard. You can’t catch the train.
Combined: However hard you may run you can’t catch the train.
11. Separate: You sow something. You will reap the same.
Combined: As you sow, so shall you reap.
12. Separate: Meeta is wise. Her sister is equally wise.
Combined: Meeta is as wise as her sister (is).
13. Separate: Work hard. You would fail otherwise.
Combined: Work hard lest you should fail.
14. Separate: Patriots died. They wanted India to be free.
Combined: Patriots died that India might be free.
15. Separate: The bell rang. The students rushed out of their classes.
Combined: As soon as the bell rang the students rushed out of their
classes.

EXERCISE 4
(Solved)

Combine each set of Simple Sentences into one Complex Sentence containing an
Adverb Clause:

1. She is sick. She works hard.

2. He is poor. He does not complain.
3. Make haste. You will be late.
4. Mohit is ill. He still attends school.
5. Dipti is tall. Her sister is not so tall.
6. You will see the green light. Start immediately.
7. His wife burnt the toast. He got angry.
8. I reached home. My father had expired by that time.
9. Time passed on. The patient became worse and worse.
10. You may be very clever. You can’t deceive me.
11. Getting blood from a stone is impossible. Getting money from him is
equally impossible.
12. I was not rich. Otherwise, I would have helped you.
13. It may rain. Take an umbrella.
14. Don’t drop this glass. It will break.
15. The patient died. Then the doctor arrived.

Answers:
 1. Although she is sick, she works hard.
2. Even though he is poor, he does not complain.
3. Make haste lest you should be late.
4. Although Mohit is ill, (yet) he attends school.
5. Dipti is taller than her sister.
6. Start as soon as you see the green light.
7. He got angry because/as his wife had burnt the toast.
8. My father had expired before I reached home.
9. As time passed on, the patient became worse and worse.
10. You can’t deceive me, however clever you may be.
11. Getting money from him is like getting blood from stone.
12. If I had been rich, I would have helped you.
13. Take an umbrella in case it rains.
14. If you drop this glass, it will break.
15. The patient had died before the doctor arrived.

EXERCISE 5
(Solved)

Fill in the blanks with proper connectives in the sentences given below:

1. The boy, …………. is reciting the poem, is my brother.

2. Sunil is in the habit of abusing …………. comes before him.
3. He went away saying …………. he would not see her.
4. I know the place …………. he lives.
5. Life is …………. we make it.
6. I want to know …………. you will return.
7. I know …………. he has cheated you.
8. Uneasy lies the head …………. wears the crown.
9. This is the cat …………. drank all the milk.
10. The lawyer ………….we hired was very clever.
11. She died …………. I could call in a doctor.
12. The servant went …………. you had sent him.
13. The baby is crying …………. it needs milk.
14. He worked hard so …………. he might get good marks.
15. She treats me as …………. I were her servant.

Answers:

1. who
2. whoever
3. that
4. where
 5. what
6. when
7. why
8. that
9. which
10. whom
11. before
12. where
13. because
14. that
15. though/if.

EXERCISE 6
(Solved)

Complete the following sentences with proper clauses:

1. He could not understand ………………………………………………..

2. I don’t think ………………………………………………………………….
3. I want a list of boys…………………………………………………………
4. We asked the doctor the reason………………………………………..
5. I reached the station……………………………………………………….
6. The peon had rung the bell………………………………………………
7. If I knew his address ………………………………………………………
8. If he had not wasted his time …………………………………………..
9. The sooner you come………………………………………………………
10. A lawbreaker should be punished…………………………………….

Answers:

1. what had gone wrong?

2. (that) there will be time to visit the zoo.
3. who was absent yesterday.
4. why the patient was not recovering.
5. after the train had left.
6. before I reached the school.
7. I would have given it to you.
8. he would not have failed.
9. the better it is.
10. whoever he may be.

EXERCISE 7
(Solved)
Transform the following sentences as directed:

1. He was afraid, therefore, he ran away.                                            (Into a

Complex Sentence)
2. Though he worked hard, he failed.                                              (Into a
Compound Sentence)
3. All that glitters is not gold.                                                                    (Into a
Simple Sentence)
4. I am glad to know of his success.                                                      (Into a
Complex Sentence)
5. To add to his misfortune, his father died.                                   (Into a
Compound Sentence)
6. He confessed to his crime.                                                                  (Into a
Complex Sentence)  
7. We must eat to live.                                                                              (Into a
Complex Sentence)
8. The teacher punished the boy for disobedience.                        (Into a
Compound Sentence)
9. I don’t know the time of his death.                                                    (Into a
Complex Sentence)
10. But for your help, I would have been ruined.                                                    
(Begin using ‘if’)

Answers:

1. He ran away because he was afraid.

2. He worked hard but/yet he failed.
3. Every glittering .thing is not gold.
4. I am glad to know that he has succeeded.
5. His father died and it added to his misfortune.
6. He confessed that he had committed the crime.
7. We must eat or we cannot live.
8. The teacher punished the boy for he was disobedient.
9. I don’t know when he died.
10. If you had not helped me, I would have been ruined.

EXERCISE 8
(Solved)

Complete the dialogue using clauses given in the box:

What your friend likes most;      that it may he quite expensive;

What present I should buy,      which she could use and cherish.
Rita: Hello, Anita! why do you look so worried?
Anita: Well, I’ve to go to my cousin Sunita’s birthday party, and Pam unable to
decide (a) ………………………………
Rita: Let me know (b)  ………………………………
Anita: She loves cosmetics, perfumes, ear-rings, and gaudy dresses.
Rita: Well, you could offer‘her some items (c)  ………………………………
Anita: But I fear (d)  ………………………………
Rita: Not at all. You can buy one for your pocket money. I saw a French perfume
which is quite aromatic and not so expensive.
Answers:
(a) what present I should buy
(b) what your friend likes most
(c) which she could use and cherish
(d) that it may be quite expensive.

EXERCISE 9
(Solved)

1.  Vipul and Mahesh are discussing their plans for the summer vacation. Complete
their dialogue in an appropriate manner. Write your answers in the space provided.
The first one has been done for you as an example:

Vipul        : How are you going to spend your summer vacation?

Mahesh : I haven’t thought about it yet.
Vipul      : How do you like the idea (a) ………………….. Shimla?
Mahesh : That’s nice, but I (b) ………………….. my father’s permission.
Vipul      : I’ll come to your house today and request your father to allow
you (c)  …………………..
Mahesh : Oh! That’ll be fine.
Vipul       : (d)  …………………..  in the evening?
Mahesh : Yes, I don’t think he is going out tonight.
Vipul      : O.K. I’ll certainly come and meet him.

2.   Chiki and Miki are planning to visit Kurukshetra during vacation. Complete the
dialogue between them using the given clauses:

1.      How are we going

2.    What are we carrying
3.    When I was a child.
Chiki : I’m really excited about the trip.
Miki  :  Let’s decide what are we going to require for the journey?
(а)  Miki  : I have been to this place long back ……………………………
(b)  Chiki : Tell me …………………………… by car or by train?
(c)  Miki  : We’ll be going’ by train. Have you decided ……………………………
(d)  Chiki : I’m not very good at packing. Do you know how to pack the rucksacks?

3. Fill in the blanks in the following conversation with meaningful clauses:

Sheela : Tomorrow is my birthday. I want to prepare a cake myself. Please tell me

how (a) ……………………………
Radha : I can make many types of cakes. Tell me what (b) ……………………………
Sheela : I am very fond of chocolates and want to prepare a chocolate cake.
Radha : Please let me know when (c) ……………………………, so that I can come and help
you.
Sheela : Oh! Thank you.

4. Ravi and Raj are planning to visit Jaipur. Complete the dialogue between them
using the following sentences as clauses:

how are we going?

what are we carrying?
when I was child.

Ravi : I am really excited about the trip.

Raj    : I have been to the place (a) ……………………………
Ravi : Tell me (b) …………………………… by car or by train.
Raj   : We’ll be going by car. Have you decided (c)  ……………………………

5. Complete the dialogue using the clauses given in the box:

If you want: what you require for packing : how to pack it nicely.

Chiki : Have you bought a birthday gift for Pooja?

Miki  : Yes, but I don’t know (a)  ……………………………
Chiki :I can help you (b) ……………………………
Miki  : That’s really nice of you. Tell me (c) ……………………………
Chiki : Give me a packing paper, a pair of scissors, a ribbon and a roll of cellotape.

6. Complete the following using clauses given in the box:

which make housing difficult for the poor,
that the poor suffer the most,
how to cut down the cost of housing.

The finding of a Housing Study show (a) …………………………… The lack of resources,

rising cost of material and land are the problems (b) ……………………………
The Government’s worry is (c) ……………………………

7.  Complete the following by using clauses given in the box:

who developed the indigenous technology,

which has become an integral part of the Indian defense power;
who was born in a lower-middle-class family?

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (a) ……………………………    has been elected the President of India. He

is the man (b) …………………………… of missiles (c)  ……………………………

8. Fill in the blanks with suitable clauses:

(a)  …………………………… He ran so fast

(b)  …………………………… You should act
(c)  …………………………… He is the boy
Answers:

1. (a) that we should go (b) have to seek (c) to accompany us to

Shimla (d) will he be at home
2. (a) when I was a child (b) how we are going (c) what are we carrying?
3. (a) I can prepare a cake (b) type of cake you want to make(c) (when) you
want to prepare the cake.
4. (a) when I was a child (b) how we are going (c)what are we carrying?
5. (a) how it should be packed nicely (b) if you want (c) what you require
for packing.
6. (a) that the poor suffer the most (b)which make housing difficult for the
poor (c) how to cut down the cost of housing.
7. (a) who was born in lower middle-class family. (b) who developed the
indigenous technology, (c) which has become an integral part of Indian
defence power.
8. (a) that he won the race (b) when the time is right (c) who always stands
first in the class.

INTEGRATED TASKS
 I. ERROR CORRECTION
EXERCISE 10
(Solved)

Correct the following sentences:

1. The boy which is playing outside is my brother.

2. Most of the books who are on your shelf have become outdated.
3. The police are looking for a thief he stole a watch.
4. The shop who is next to Raman’s is for sale.
5. The news she has passed cheered her up.
6. She showed me the man that son won a prize yesterday.
7. The exhibition ended today was really good.
8. I am glad to know who he has succeeded.
9. The examination had started because I reached the hall.
10. The children are frightened of the dog whom he own.
11. Hari was so tired as he could scarcely stand.
12. Ravi met his old friend whom is now a lawyer.
13. You should take rest unless you are tired.
14. She can’t pass unless she doesn’t work hard.
15. The reason that he disobeyed his father is not clear.

Answers:

1. The boy who is playing outside is my brother.

2. Most of the books which are on your shelf have become outdated.
3. The police are looking for a thief who stole a watch.
4. The shop which is next to Raman’s is for sale.
5. The news that she has passed cheered her up.
6. She showed me the man whose son won a prize yesterday.
7. The exhibition which / that ended today was really good.
8. I am glad to know that he has succeeded.
9. The examination had started before/when I reached the hall.
10. The children are frightened of the dog which /that he own.
11. Hari was so tired that he could scarcely stand.
12. Ravi met his old friend who is now a lawyer.
13. You should take rest if/because you are tired.
14. She can’t pass unless she works hard.
15. The reason why he disobeyed his father is not clear.

II. EDITING TASK

(i) ERROR CORRECTION
 EXERCISE 11
(Solved)

The following passage has not been edited. There is an error in each line. Find the
error
and write the correct word in your answer sheet as given below’. Remember to
underline the word that you have supplied.

Answers:

(ii) OMISSIONS
EXERCISE 12
(Solved)

In the following passage, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing
word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your
answer sheet. Ensure that the w ord that forms your answ er is underlined as shown
below:
Answers:

(iii) REORDERING OF SENTENCES

EXERCISE 13
(Solved)

Look at the sentences given below in a disorderly form. Re-order (Rearrange) them to
form meaningful sentences:

1. it/life/make/is/we/what
2. I/attend/say/to/what/please
3. he/careless/failed/he/so/was
4. certain/he/be/that/is/will/late
5. I/go/ready/till/get/not/do
6. you/where/like/go
7. I/back/till/waited/came/she
8. that/gold/glitters/not/is/all
9. house/live/is/this/I/where/the
10. that children/he/live/hard/may/works/comfortably/his/so.

Answers:

1. Life is what we make it.

2. Please attend to what I say.
3. He was careless, so he failed.
4. That he will be late is certain.
5. Do not go till I get ready.
6. Go where you like.
7. I waited till she came back.
8. All that glitters is not gold.
9. This is the house where I live.
10. He works hard so that his children may live comfortably.

Tenses Exercises for Class 11

♦ Present Indefinite (Simple Present)
Form: This tense keeps the dictionary form of the verb in the first and second person
singular and plural and third person plural. In the third person singular, the form is v +
s/es, e.g.

I read. We read. You read. They read.

He reads. She reads. Raju reads. Reema reads.

Uses: The present indefinite tense has a large range of uses. On occasions it can
express even past or future time reference. This tense

 expresses a routine or habitual action, e.g. He studies four hours every

day.
 expresses universal unchanging truths, e.g. The sun rises in the east.
 is used in adverb clauses of condition when the main clause is in the
future tense, e.g. If it rains, we will stay indoors.
 is used in running commentaries, e.g. The bawler bowls a fast ball.
 is used in vivid, dramatic narratives, e.g. James Bond jumps from the
running train and lands on his feets.
 is used with verbs which express ‘going’ in near future, e.g. He goes/
leaves/ sails/ flies tomorrow morning.

♦ Present Indefinite and Present Continuous

The present indefinite and the present continuous may be studied together.
Sometimes they may replace each other as in immediate future time reference with
verbs indicating going, but usually they have their distinct uses.

The present indefinite usually indicates activities which are permanent or universally
true, or confirmed habits or practices.

e.g. Water boils at 100° Celsius.

The Ganga flows into the Bay of Bengal.
He normally goes to work by car.

The present continuous indicates activities which are taking place at the moment of
stating, or are temporary or last for a shorter duration.

e.g. The water is boiling, (at this moment)

The Ganga is flowing fast today, (temporary)
He is going to work by bus today, (short duration)
Note: Sometimes passive form of the verb is also used,
e.g. The food is being cooked on an electric stove.
♦ Present Perfect

Form: have + participle form of verb

Uses: This tense links the immediate past time reference to the present. It indicates
an event or act just completed, but which has a bearing on the present, e.g. I have
fractured my arm. It is extremely painful.

This tense also indicates an action begun in the past which is continuing in the
present, e.g.
She has lived in Delhi a long time (she still lives in Delhi).
Thus the action has been completed in the past, but has relevance in the present too.
We may use the present perfect and the simple past tense in the same sentence.
When we wish to indicate a definite time in the past, we use simple past tense, e.g.
The conference in Europe has ended; the prime minister returned this evening.
The present perfect tense should not be used with adverbs showing past time
reference. It is incorrect to say –

✗ I have seen him yesterday.

✓ I saw him yesterday.

Simple Present and Present Perfect

Look at these two sentences:

I live in this house.
I have lived in this house for twelve years.
We cannot mention the duration of the activity if we use the simple present tense.
For this, we have to use the present perfect tense.

♦ Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Form: have + been + continuous form of verb

Uses: This tense expresses an action which began in the past and is still continuing
or has just completed,
e.g.
How long have you been standing in the sun?
I have been travelling a lot and now I shall write a book.

♦  Simple Present, Present Perfect Continuous, Present Perfect

Look at this dialogue. Pay particular attention to the parts in bold.

A: Mr Ramchandran writes novels.
B: How long has he been writing novels?
A: He has been writing novels for thirteen years:
B: How many novels has he written so far?
A: He has written twenty novels so far.

The present simple – writes – is used to talk about a general truth or long-lasting
activities.
The present perfect progressive – has been writing – is used to say how long
something has been happening.
The present perfect – has written – is used to say how frequently somebody has
done something.

♦ Past Indefinite (Simple Past)

Form: past form of the verb

Uses: When we wish to indicate an action completed in the past at a definite time, we
use the past indefinite tense. Usually adverbials of time are used with this tense, e.g.
I reached Mumbai yesterday.

This tense is used when we wish to state a fact or habits or condition or a state in
the past, e.g. Long time ago, people were honest.
India gave the decimal system to the world.

‘Did’ is used for making negatives and questions, e.g. did not + basic form of the
verb.
You did not finish your work.
Did you finish your work?
An error that students very often make is to use the simple past tense in the verb
when it has already been used in ‘did’. It is wrong to say ‘you did not finished your
work’. . ”

♦ Present Perfect and Simple/Indefinite Past

The present perfect tense is used to show an act or event just finished, the effect of
which continues in the present.
e.g. I have hurt my knee; therefore, I cannot walk properly.

The simple/past indefinite is used to indicate an act or event finished in the past at
sometime which does npt affect the present, e.g. I hurt my knee last week.
♦ Past Perfect Tense

Form: had + participle form of verb

Uses: This tense indicates the event that took place earlier in the past where two
events occurring in the past are stated. The later event is indicated by the simple
past tense, e.g.
I had finished my homework when my friend came.
The fire had consumed the huts before the fire brigade arrived.

Past perfect is used in converting direct speech into indirect speech when the
introductory verb is in the past tense.
He said, “I went to Delhi.”
He said that he had gone to Delhi.
-This tense is also used to express an unfulfilled wish, e.g.
I wish I had accepted the proposal.

♦ Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect

Look at these two sentences.

 We had lunch at 2 o’clock.

 We had lunch when she arrived.

Both at 2 o’clock and when she arrived function as adverbials of time. They indicate
a point of time. Now, look at these two sentences again.

We had lunch at 2 o’clock.

We had lunch when she arrived.

When an adverbial showing a point of time is used with a clause having simple past
tense, the activity mentioned in the clause begins at or after that point of time.

Look at these two sentences.

 I was working when she arrived.

 I had finished my work when she arrived.

Notice that the adverbial of time takes the simple past tense. The past continuous
tense is used to indicate that an activity was going on when another activity took
place. The past perfect tense is used for that activity which began and concluded
before another took place.

Indicating Future activities will, going to, simple present

Look at this dialogue.

A: There is no bread for tomorrow’s breakfast.

B: Don’t bother. I will go and get some.

Here, will is used to talk about a future activity which the speaker decides to do at
the time of speaking. Now, look at these dialogues.

A: The telephone is dead again.

B: I know. I am going to lodge a complaint when I reach office.
A: Look at those black clouds.
B: Yes, it is going to rain. We can’t go for a walk now.

Going to – as in am going to lodge and is going to rain – is used to talk about a

future activity which the speaker has already decided to do or when he feels that it
will happen in the near future because there are already signs which indicate its
happening.

Now, look at these sentences.

I have got the reservations done. We are going to Goa next week.
The progressive present – as in are going – is used to talk about a future activity
which has already been decided upon and arrangements for which have been made.
Now, look at these sentences.

 The Prime Minister leaves on a seven-day tour of West Asia next

Sunday.
 According to the timetable, the plane arrives at 11.55.

The present simple – as in leaves and arrives -is used to talk about a future activity
which is seen as certain to happen because of programmes or timetables.

We talk about future activities which are about to take place in the near future in four
different ways expressing four different kinds of meanings.
♦ Will

‘Will’ is an auxiliary verb and a modal. Its most common use is to express future time
reference. With first person it expresses willingness and determination, with second
and third persons ‘will’ simply states a future time reference. Some uses of ‘will’ are

 for making predictions.

 for making polite requests in the form of a question.
 for asking about a future programme.

♦ Look at these sentences.

 The next total solar eclipse will be after five years.

 In the rest of the country, the weather will remain mainly dry.

Will – as in will be and will remain – is used to talk about predictions, that is, for
events on which the speaker has no control.

Now, look at this question.

• Will you buy some bread while returning from office?

Will in such a question is used to make a request.

Remember: Such a question with will is ambiguous. It could be taken as a request or

as a query asking for a future programme.

Now, look at these questions.

1. Will you come tomorrow?

2. Will you be coming tomorrow?

While 1 is ambiguous, 2 is not. Sentence 2 is clearly a query asking for a future

programme.

♦ Will be doing

The future continuous tense is used to talk about future actions. It is formed by ‘will
be’ + ‘ing’ form of the verb. There are two different uses.

The future continuous tense is used to indicate an action over a period of time. It
shows that we will be engaged in an action at some time in the future.
♦Read the following sentences.

(a) A: Please come to our house this evening to meet special guests.
B: I wish I could. I will be working late tonight.

(b) When my uncle arrives tomorrow, I will be writing my examination.

(c) This time next week, we will be travelling to Goa.
(d) Take a break. You will not be working on a national holiday.

A comparison of the use of continuous tense will help us to understand clearly the
time reference.
(i) This time last week we were travelling to Goa. (Past Continuous)
(ii) At this moment we are travelling to Goa. (Present Continuous)
(iii) This time next week we will be travelling to Goa. (Future Continuous)

Look at the two uses of the future continuous tense in the sentences given below:

The second use of the future continuous tense is to indicate an event or action which
will occur in the course of time because it is the part of a plan or a schedule.
(a) The flight from Mumbai will be arriving at 8 p.m.
(b) The winter session of the Parliament will be beginning on December 7.

We can express the same using ‘will’ or present continuous too.

The Prime Minister will be reaching / will reach / reaches / is reaching London
tomorrow.

We can use the future continuous to ask someone’s plan or programme.

(a) Will you be going out tomorrow?

(b) Will you be working late tonight?
(c) Will you be visiting the library today?

Question 1.
Read the following sentences and decide whether the activity referred to is long
lasting or has a relatively shorter duration. Write permanent or temporary against
them by writing P or T. Indicate Present Indefinite or Present Continuous as the
tense form used against each sentence. The first one has been done for you.

(i) People in this area speak English well. P (Present Indefinite)

(ii) The gardener is watering the plants ……………………….
(iii) Engineers build roads and dams ………………………
(iv) These farmers grow rice. ……………………..
(v) Nurses look after patients in hospitals ………………..
(vi) All the trains are running late. ……………………

Answer:
(ii) T– Present Continuous
(iii) P — Present Indefinite
(iv) P — Present Indefinite
(v) P — Present Indefinite
(vi) T — Present Continuous

Question 2.
Rewrite the following sentences, filling in the proper forms of verbs.

(i) Their house is being renovated. So they (live) in a rented house.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) There have been heavy rains so the Narmada (flow) pretty fast.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) City buses (not ply) today. The drivers are on strike.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) They (work) hard because they are paid well.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v) They aren’t very rich. They (live) in a rented house.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(vi) After the derailment, the trains (again run) ori time.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
(i) Their house is being renovated. So they are living in a rented house.
(ii) There have been heavy rains, so the Narmada is flowing pretty fast.
(iii) City buses are not plying today. The drivers are on strike.
(iv) They work hard because they are paid well.
(v) They aren’t very rich. They live in a rented house.
(vi) After the derailment, the trains are again running on time.

♦ Present Continuous: This tense is also used to indicate a stubborn irritating habit
when it is used with adverbs like ‘always’, ‘forever’, ‘constantly’ and ‘continually.’ Such
use indicates annoyance of the speaker.

e.g. You are always asking silly questions.

Look at the dialogue given below:

A: Has the car broken down?

B: Yes, this car is constantly breaking down.

Write similar dialogues using the given phrases and the verb in brackets.

(i) Rita (get) into debt.

A: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) She (lose) her keys.

A: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) He (annoy) people.

A: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
(i) A. Has Rita got into debt?
B. Yes, Rita is constantly getting into debt.

(ii) A. Has she lost her keys?

B. Yes, She is always losing her keys.

(iii) A. Has he annoyed people?

B. Yes, he is constantly annoying people.

Question 3.
Rewrite the following sentences using the proper form of the verb in brackets.

(i) I (lose) my wallet. I have no money on me now.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) The car (break down) yesterday but the mechanic (repair) it.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) The temperature (soar) to 45°C but it (again come) down.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) We (do) our homework. Now we can go out arid play.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(v) He (apply) for a visa and is still waiting for it.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(vi) I (apply) for a visa too but could not get it.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
(i) I have lost my wallet. I have no money on me now.
(ii) The car broke down yesterday but the mechanic has repaired it.
(iii) The temperature had soared to 45°C but it has come down again.
(iv) We have done our homework. Now we can go out and play.
(v) He has applied for a visa and is still waiting for it.
(vi) I had applied for a visa too but could not get it.

Look at this sentence paying special attention to words set in bold print.
He lived in Jabalpur for several years.
The use of simple past tells us that he lived in Jabalpur in the past and does not live
there at present. Adverbials of duration make a difference in meaning when used
with present perfect tense and simple past.

♦ Study the sentences given below:

1. Sachin has played cricket for India for several years.

2. Gavaskar has also played cricket for India.
3. C.K. Naidu played cricket for India for several years.
1. In the first sentence, the use of adverbial ‘for several years’
indicates that he still plays.
2. In the second sentence, no adverbial is used which means
he does not play any more.
3. The third sentence, also means that C.K. Naidu’s playing is
a thing of the past because of the adverbial of duration for
several years. The use of simple past tells us he is probably
dead.

Question 4.
Now write appropriate sentences for the following players.

(i) Kapil Dev , cricket

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Dravid cricket
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Paes tennis

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Baljeet Singh Dhillon hockey

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(v) Prakash Padukone badminton

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(vi) Ganguly cricket

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(vii) Dhanraj Pillay hockey

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(viii) Dhyan Chand hockey

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ix) Srikant cricket

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(x) P. Gopichand badminton

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(xi) Ramesh Krishnan tennis

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(xii) Vijay Merchant cricket

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
(i) Kapil Dev has played cricket for India.
(ii) Dravid has also played cricket for India.
(iii) Paes has played tennis for several years.
(iv) Baljeet Singh Dhillon has played hockey for several years.
(v) Prakash Padukone has played badminton for India.
(vi) Ganguly has played cricket for India.
(vii) Dhanraj Pillay has played hockey for India.
(viii) Dhyan Chand played hockey for India.
(ix) Srikant has played cricket for India.
(x) P. Gopichand has played badminton for India.
(xi) Ramesh Krishnan has played tennis for India.
(xii) Vijay Merchant played cricket for India.

Question 5.
Now write sentences about Sachin Tendulkar using the correct tenses.

Sachin Tendulkar (a) ……………. cricket for India for several years. He (b) …………… many
tests matches and one,-dayers. He (c) …………… thousands of runs in test cricket and
in one-dayers. He (d) ……………….. a hundred centuries in test cricket and one-dayers.

Answer:
(a) has been playing
(b) has played
(c) has scored
(d) has scored

Question 6.
Now write sentences using the given words or phrases. The first one has been done
for you.
(i) Shashi – write letters – since breakfast
Shashi has been writing letters since breakfast.

(ii) Abha – write letters – six

………………………………………………………………………………..

(iii) Abhinav – read a novel – for two hours

………………………………………………………………………………..

(iv) Rajshekhar – read – two hundred pages

………………………………………………………………………………..

(v) These boys – play football – an hour and a half

………………………………………………………………………………..

(vi) Salman – take – many photographs of the place

………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(ii) Abha has written six letters.
(iii) Abhinav has been reading a novel for two hours.
(iv) Rajshekhar has read two hundred pages.
(v) These boys have been playing football for an hour and a half.
(vi) Salman has taken many photographs of the place.

Question 7.
Now read the sentences above (Q6.) and write similar sentences as dialogues using
the words and phrases given. Use phrases to answer how long and how much,
according to the situation and your choice. A and B are the two speakers.

(i) One of my classmates – collect – stamps

A: ……………………………………………………………………..
B: ……………………………………………………………………..
A: ……………………………………………………………………..
B: ……………………………………………………………………..
A: ……………………………………………………………………..

Answer:
A. One of my classmates collects stamps.
B. How long has he been collecting stamps?
A. He has been collecting stamps for over five years now.
B. Has he collected about five thousand stamps?
A. Yes, he has collected more than five thousand stamps,

(ii) These engineers – build – bridges

A: ……………………………………………………………………..
B: ……………………………………………………………………..
A: ……………………………………………………………………..
B: ……………………………………………………………………..
A: ………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
A. These engineers build bridges.
B. How long have they been building bridges?
A. They have been building bridges for at least ten years.
B. How many bridges have they built?
A. They have built about twenty bridges.

(iii) Dr Trehan – do – coronary artery bypass grafting

A: ……………………………………………………………………..
B: ……………………………………………………………………..
A: ……………………………………………………………………..
B: ……………………………………………………………………..
A: ………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
A. Dr. Trehan does coronary artery bypass grafting.
B. How many coronary artery bypass graftings has Dr. Trehan done?
A. He has done about a hundred coronary artery bypass graftings.
B. How long has Dr. Trehan been doing coronary artery bypass grafting?
A. He has been performing coronary artery grafting for about twenty years.

(iv) The servant – clean – the rooms

A: ……………………………………………………………………..
B: ……………………………………………………………………..
A: ……………………………………………………………………..
B: ……………………………………………………………………..
A: ………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
A. The servant cleans the rooms.
B. For how long has he been cleaning the rooms?
A. He has been cleaning the rooms for two hours.
B. For how many years has he been cleaning the rooms?
A. He has been cleaning the rooms for two years.

Question 8.
Now write two similar sentences one mentioning the duration of the activity and the
other without it – using the given words and the verbs in brackets.
(i) These people – (work) – in a factory
(ii) His sister – (write) – novels
(iii) Ganguly – (play cricket) – country
(iv) Mr Desai – (teach) – English

Answer:
(i) These people work in a factory.
These people have been working in a factory for six months.

(ii) His sister writes novels.

His sister has been writing novels for two years.
(iii) Ganguly plays cricket for our country.
Ganguly has been playing cricket for our country for over five years.

(iv) Mr. Desai teaches English.

Mr. Desai has been teaching English for twelve years.

Now, look at these two sentences.

 They are living in a rented flat.

 They have been living in a rented flat for several years.

Remember: We cannot mention the duration of the activity if we use the present
progressive tense. For this, we have to use the present perfect progressive tense.

Question 9.
Now write two similar sentences – one mentioning the duration of the activity and
the other without it – using the given words and the verbs in brackets.
(i) My father – (write) – letters
(ii) The boys – (play) – football
(iii) They – (repair) – the roads
(iv) We – (wait) – doctor
Remember: Continuous tenses are used when the duration of the activity is relatively
short and the activity is supposed to be temporary.

Answer:
(i) My father is writing letters.
My father has been writing letters for two hours.

(ii) The boys are playing football.

The boys have been playing football for an hour.

(iii) They are repairing the roads.

They have been repairing the roads for five days.

(iv) We are waiting for the doctor.

We have been waiting for the doctor for two hours.

Question 10.
Now write similar sentences using the given words and the verbs in brackets.
(i) Match (begin) president (arrive)
………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Driver (stop) train see (red) signal
………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Principal (arinounce) results teachers (complete) evaluation

………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Passengers (get) off train (stop)

………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
(i) The match began when the president arrived.
(ii) The driver stopped the train when he saw the red signal.
(iii) The principal announced results when the teachers completed the evaluation.
(iv) Passengers got off when the train stopped.

Now, look at these two sentences.

We were having lunch at 2 o’clock.
We were having lunch when she arrived.
Remember: When an adverbial showing a point of time is used with a clause having
past progressive tense, the activity mentioned in the clause begins.before that time,
continues up to it, and perhaps even after it.

Question 11.
Now write similar sentences using the given words and the verbs in brackets.
(i) People (celebrate) Republic Day – earthquake (hit)
………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Driver (negotiate) – sharp turn bus – (fall) into khud

………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Not (rain) lightning (strike)

………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Men (clean) rooms I (reach) there

………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
(i) The earthquake hit when the people were celebrating Republic Day.
(ii) The bus fell into a khud when the driver was negotiating a sharp turn.
(iii) It was not raining when lightning struck.
(iv) Men were cleaning the rooms when I reached there.
Now, look at these two sentences.
We had had lunch at 2 o’clock.
We had had lunch when she arrived.
Remember: When an adverbial showing a point of time is used with a clause having
past perfect tense, the activity mentioned in the clause ends before that time.

Question 12.
Now write similar sentences using the given words and the verbs in brackets.
(i) We (discuss) problem he (arrive)
………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Farmers (prepare) – their fields monsoon (arrive)

………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Women (cook) food – I (reach) there

………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Meeting (come) to end – rain (start)

………………………………………………………………………

Answer:
(i) We had discussed the problem when he arrived.
(ii) Farmers had prepared their fields when monsoon arrived.
(iii) Men had cleaned the rooms when I reached there.
(iv) The meeting had come to an end when the rain started.

Question 13.
First look at these dialogues or sentences carefully and decide what kind of meaning
is being expressed. Then rewrite them using the appropriate form of the verb.

(i) The next train for Amritsar (leave) at 8.35.

………………………………………………………………………

(ii) A: Sonu is still not well.

B: I know, I (take) her to the doctor this evening.
………………………………………………………………………

(iii) A: This carton is very heavy. I can’t carry it upstairs.

B: Don’t worry. I (help) you carry it.
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
(iv) A: Oh, I have left the fan on.
B: I (go) and switch it off.
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………

(v) The state (organise) a campaign next month for the eradication of leprosy.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(vi) A team of experts (visit) the area in the near future to study the problem.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(vii) A: I am very busy this evening.

B: Well, I (do) shopping.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(viii) India (play) against France in the Davis Cup next month.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ix) Our school team (play) a friendly hockey match this Sunday
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(x) A: Do you know Ravi is coming by the morning flight?

B: Yes, I know. I (go) to meet him at the airport.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(xi) The Governor (inaugurate) the Conference on Monday.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(xii) The team (leave) for South Africa day after tomorrow.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(xiii) A: The room is very stuffy.

B: I (go) and open the window.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(xiv) A: We need one more article for the magazine.

B: Don’t worry. He (do) it.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Answer:
(i) The next train for Amritsar leaves at 8.35.
(ii) I am going to take her to the doctor this evening.
(iii) I will help you carry it.
(iv) I will go and switch it off.
(v) The state is going to organise a campaign for the eradication of leprosy.
(vi) A team of experts is going to visit the area in the near future to study the
problem.
(vii) Well, I will do the shopping.
(viii) India plays/is going to play/will play France in the Davis Cup next month.
(ix) Our school team plays/is going to play/will play a friendly hockey match this
Sunday.
(x) I am going to meet him at the airport.
(xi) The Governor inaugurates/is going to inaugurate/will inaugurate the conference
on Monday.
(xii) The team leaves/will leave/is leaving for South Africa day after tomorrow.
(xiii) I will go and open the window.
(xiv) Don’t worry, he will do it.

Question 14.
Now write two similar questions using the given phrases. Be careful about the
requirement given within in brackets. One has been done for you.

Meet him in the afternoon.

(query) Will you be meeting him in the afternoon?
(question) Will you meet him in the afternoon?

(i) Return the books by Monday.

(query) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(question) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Reach the station in time.

(query) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(question) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(iii) Join us there.

(query) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(question) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iv) Apply for a day’s leave.
(query) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(question) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Answer:
(i) Will you be returning the books by Monday?
Will you return the books by Monday?

(ii) Will you be reaching the station in time?

Will you reach the station in time?

(iii) Will you be joining us there?

Will you join us there?

(iv) Will you be applying for a day’s leave?

Will you apply for a day’s leave?

Common Errors in the use of tenses

Incorrect:

He has not bought a car till yesterday.

I have come yesterday.
They are studying for five hours.
We did not read ‘Hamlet’ till we were
in class XI.
I am working here since 1999.
I am going to school on foot every day.
Why are you liking this place?
I am having a blue pen.
He is having a large family.
If it will rain, we shall not go out.

Correct:

He had not bought a car till yesterday.

I came yesterday.
They have been studying for five hours. We had not read ‘Hamlet’ till we were in class
XI.
I have been working here since 1999.
I go to school on foot every day.
Why do you like this place?
I have a blue pen.
He has a large family.
If it rains, we shall not go out.

Question 15.
In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the
missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after
against the correct blank number. Underline the word that forms your answer.

I. Some insects pretend they non-living things to escape danger. The stick insect can
become a twig that grown from a branch. Its body hangs like a twig growing towards
the ground. Frogs and birds easily fooled. Some insects colour and sound to
disguise themselves.

Before Word After

……………………….. ………………………..
(a)
………………………..
……………………….. ………………………..

………………………..
(b)
……………………….. ………………………..

………………………..
(c)
……………………….. ………………………..

………………………..
(d)
   

Answer:

Before Word After

(a) they are non-living

 (b) that has grown

(c) birds are easily

(d) insects use colour

II. ‘Namaste’ is made up of two Sanskrit words

which I bow to you. The

palms joined and the
head slightly bowed.
This, not just a polite greeting, it
is much more.

……………………….. ………………………..
(a)
………………………..
……………………….. ………………………..

………………………..
(b)
……………………….. ………………………..

………………………..
(c)
……………………….. ………………………..

………………………..
(d)
   

Answer:

(a) which mean     I

palms are joined

(b)
head is slightly
 (c)

(d) This is not

Question 16.
Rewrite using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

I (a) ………….. (expect) him here yesterday. He (b) ……………. (not come) till today. None
(c) …………… (know) what (d) …………… (happen) to him. I (e) ……………. (worry) about him.
I hope he (f) …………… (be) safe.

Answer:
(a) expected/was expecting
(b) has not come
(c) knows
(d) has happened
(e) am worried
(f) is

Question 17.
Rewrite using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

There (a) …………….. (be) a great rush at the counter yesterday. I (b) ……………… (want) to
get a ticket for the movie. lit (c) ………….. (be) the first day of the release. The manager
suddenly (d) ……………. (appear) on the scene and (e) ……………….. (announce) that the
show (f) ……………… (cancel) for reasons beyond control.

Answer:
(a) was
(b) wanted
(c) was
(d) appeared
(e) announced
(f) had been cancelled
Question 18.
Read the following paragraph and fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of verbs
given in brackets.
Yesterday a blue line bus (a) ……………(run) over a schoolboy who (b) …………… (cross)
the road. The boy (c) …………… (injure) seriously and (d) …………… (rush) to the hospital.
The passengers (e) …………… (catch) hold of the driver and (f) ……………(hand) him over
to the police.

Answer:
(a) ran
(b) was crossing
(c) was injured
(d) was rushed
(e) caught
(f) handed

Question 19.
Rewrite using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

The shot wounded the elephant. It (a) …………… (rush) back into the forest. I (b)
…………… (run) after it but (c) …………… (can) not catch it. I (d) ……………(lose) it in the dark
and (e) …………… (return) empty-handed. I (f) (disappoint).

Answer:
(A rushed
(B) ran
(c) could
(d) lost
(e) returned
(f) was disappointed

Question 20.
Read the following paragraph and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs
given in brackets.

Once there was a king. He (a) …………… (know) for his benevolence. Every day he (b)
…………… (feed) the hungry and (c) …………… (clothe) the poor before he (d) ……………
(take) his food. He (e) …………… (do) so for many years. He (f) …………… (love) by his
subjects.

Answer:
(a) was known
(b) fed
(c) clothed
(d) took
(e) did/had been doing
(f) was loved

Question 21.
Fill in the correct form of the verbs given in brackets.
(i) While Rome (a) …………….. (burn), Nero was (b) …………….. (fiddle).
(ii) Since India (c) …………….. (become) independent, many other countries (d) …………..
(get) their independence too.
(iii) I (e) ………… (have) my lunch when the postman (f) …………….. (knock).

Answer:
(i) (a) was burning
(b) was fiddling

(ii) (c) became

(d) have got

(iii) (e) was having

(f) knocked

Question 22.
Read the following letter and fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs.

Dear Heena

I have just heard that my mother isn’t very well and that she (a) …………….. (like) to see
me. The trouble is I can’t take my dog, Tim, with me. (b) …………….. you think you (c)
…………….. (be) able to look after him for a week? If you can have him, I can bring him
along anytime that (d) …………… (suit) you. But if it (e) ……………. (be) not convenient, do
not hesitate to say so.
Love, Sarika.

Answer:
(a) would like
(b) Do
(c) will be
(d) suits
(e) is
Question 23.
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words given in brackets. [NCT 2011]

I (a) …………….. (halt) on the road. As soon as I saw the elephant, I (b) …………….. (know)
with perfect certainty that I ought not (c) …………….. (shoot) him. But at that moment I
(d) …………….. (glance) round at the crowd that (e) …………….. (follow) me and was eager
for fun and meat. The crowd (f) …………….. (block) the road for a long distance on
either side. Now I (g) …………….. (be) in a tricky situation which (h) …………….. (try) limits
of my patience.

Answer:
(a) halted
(b) knew
(c) to shoot
(d) glanced
(e) had followed
(f) had blocked
(g) was
(h) tried

Question 24.
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words given in brackets. [NCT 2010]

Asaf Khan who (a) …………….. (lead) the expedition against the city, (b) ……………..
(expect) that the little country which (c) …………….. (rule) by a woman, would (d)
……………. (take) very easily without (e) …………….. (strike) even a blow. What was his
surprise when he (f) …………….. (find) that the city (g) …………….. (prepare) to offer a
strong resistance, (h) …………….. (bring) with him only a small force to fight them.

Answer:
(a) led
(b) expected
(c) was ruled
(d) be taken
(e) striking
(f) found
(g) was prepared
(h) had brought

Question 25.
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words given in brackets.
The wedding procession (a) …………….. (already start) when we (b) …………….. (reach)
Mohan’s house. While we (c) …………….. (be) on way to the place, we (d) ……………..
(decide) not to dance at all. But the scene (e) …………….. (prove) so attractive, that we
(f) …………….. (draw) into it.

Answer:
(a) had already started
(b) reached
(c) were
(d) had decided
(e) proved
(f) were drawn

Question 26.
Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets.

I (a) …………….. (park) my car at a place where there was a ‘No Parking’ sign and (b)
…………….. (run) to buy some flowers. When I (c) …………….. (return) a few minutes later I
(d) …………….. (find) that the car was not there anymore.

Answer:
(a) parked
(b) ran
(c) returned
(d) found

Question 27.
Fill in the blanks in the following conversation by using appropriate forms of the
verbs given in brackets.

Iqbal said, “That was the last time I saw him alive. The next morning he (a) ……………..
(find) dead on his desk with a bullet under his left ear.” A tray of tea (b) ……………..
(bring) in and the old lady insisted that I had some. An old photograph of the dead
man was produced.

“Look, Look … how handsome he looks,” she said but her hands (c) …………….. (shake)
as she
held it.

Suddenly, the door (d) …………….. (fling) open to admit a young, distraught woman.
Answer:
(a) was found
(b) was brought
(c) were shaking/shook
(d) was flung

Question 28.
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Underline
the incorrect word and write the correction in the space provided.

Thomas Edison is an American Scientist.

He have made many inventions.
Once he was worked on making an electric bulb. He would sure that
his bulb is replaced gas lights.
He want to give the people a safe gift.

Incorrect Correct

………………………..
(a)
………………………..
………………………..

………………………..
(b)
………………………..

………………………..
(c)
………………………..

………………………..
(d)
………………………..

………………………..
(e)
………………………..

………………………..
(f)
 
Answer:

Incorrect Correct

(a)
is Was

have had
(b)

worked working
(c)

would was
(d)

is would
(e)

want wanted
(f)

Question 29.
Complete the following sentences by filling in the correct form of the verb.

In the last hundred years, travelling (a) …………….. (become) much easier and very
comfortable. In the 19th century, it (b) …………….. (take) two or three months to cross
North America by a covered wagon. The trip (c) …………….. (be) very rough and often
dangerous. Things (d) …………….. (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty
years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

Answer:
(a) has become
(b) used to take
(c) was
(d) have changed
Question 30.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets.

I could not recognise Seema. She (a) …………….. (put on) a lot of weight. I advised her
to stop (b) …………….. (eat) and start (c) …………….. (skip) and (d) …………….. (walk).

Answer:
(a) had put on
(b) eating
(c) skipping
(d) walking

Question 31.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.

Have you ever (a) …………….. (hear) of the paperless office? You (b) …………….. certainly
(say) “no”. Well, very soon the old favourite of pen-pushers (c) …………….. (make) an
unceremonious exit. You (d) …………….. (see) it happening in the banks. Where are
those bulky ledgers? A smart computer (e) …………….. (replace) them quietly.

Answer:
(a) heard
(b) will certainly say
(c) will make
(d) have seen
(e) has replaced