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Anatomy Organ System Overview: Atoms Cell Tissue Organ
Anatomy Organ System Overview: Atoms Cell Tissue Organ
Endocrine system
Glands secrete hormones that
regulate processes such as growth,
reproduction, and nutrient use by
body cells.
Not connected anatomically
Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus,
adrenal, pancreas, testis/ovary
Cardiovascular system Urinary System
Blood vessels transport blood, which Eliminates nitrogen-
carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, containingwastes from the body
carbon dioxide, wastes, etc. Regulates water, electrolyte, and
The heart pumps blood acid-base balance of the blood.
White blood cells and chemicals in Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder,
the blood help to protect the body urethra
from such foreign invaders as
bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells. Reproductive System
Heart, blood vessels
Overall function of the reproductive
Lymphatic System system is production of offspring.
Testes produce sperm and male sex
Picks up fluid leaked from blood hormone; ducts and glands aid in
vessels and returns it to blood; delivery of viable sperm to the
The lymph nodes and other female reproductive tract.
lymphoid organs help to cleanse the Ovaries produce eggs and female sex
blood hormones; remaining structures
Houses white blood cells involved in serve as sites for fertilization and
immunity. development of the fetus.
Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels Mammary glands of female breasts
produce milk to nourish the
Respiratory System newborn.
(Male) seminal vesicle, prostate
Keep the body supplied with oxygen gland, penis, testis, scrotum
and remove carbon dioxide (Female) mammary gland, ovary,
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, uterus, vagina
trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
Anterior (Ventral)
Body Planes and Section
Towards or in the front of the body;
front Sagittal Section
Breastbone is anterior to the spine
cut along the lengthwise, or
Posterior (Dorsal) longitudinal, plane of the body
dividing the body into right and left
Towards or at the back of the body; parts.
behind Median (Midsagittal) section
Heart is posterior to the breastbone Parasagittal (Para=Near)
Body Planes and Section
Medial
Frontal
Towards the midline; inner side
Heart is medial to the arm a cut along a lengthwise plane that
divides the body (or an organ) into
Lateral anterior and posterior parts.
It is also called a corona section.
Away from the midline; outer side Body Planes and Section
Arms are lateral to the chest
Transverse section
Proximal
cut along a horizontal plane, dividing
Close to the point of attachment the body or organ into superior and
The elbow is proximal to the wrist inferior parts. It is
Cross section.
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment Body Cavity
The knee is distal to the thigh - A fluid-filled space inside the body
that holds and protects internal organ
Dorsal: Cranial & Spinal/Vertebral 6. Extracellular fluid pH homeostasis
Ventral: Thoracic cavity, Abdominal cavity 7. The volume of body water
& Pelvic homeostasis
Cranial Components of Homeostatic
Control Systems
- The brain, the meninges of the brain,
and cerebrospinal fluid Receptor
Endothelium
Lines the circulatory system
Single layer of squamous type of cell
Endocardium – endothelium that
lines the heart
Blood capillary is consisting of
single layer of endothelium