8

Mathematics
Quarter 1, Week 7 – Module 7.2
Solving Problems Involving
Linear Equations in Two
Variables – M8AL-Ig-2
Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 1 – Module 7.2: Solving Problems Involving Linear Equations in Two
Variables

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency
or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for
profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment
of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: JIMMY B. BIO JR.

Editors: NERISSA A. MORTEGA

EFLEDA C. DOLZ
HILDA J. CARLET
DIOLETA B. BORAIS

Reviewer: LILLI ANN HERMOGENES

Illustrator/ Layout Artist: MARISOL B. BOSEO

 GRADE 8 (QUARTER 1)
MODULE 7.2

Solving Problems Involving Linear Equations in Two

Variables

I. Introduction:

Problems involving constant rate of change are real-life applications

of linear equations. You usually encounter these types of problems in
your day-to-day activities without noticing them. This module uses such
problems with systematic solutions to guide you in solving them by
yourself.

Photo owned by JIMMY B. BIO JR.

II. Objective:
In this module, your target is to solve problems involving linear
equations in two variables.

III. Vocabulary List:

The following terms will be used in this module; so, it is a head start
that you get to know them.
• Dependent variable – variable (usually 𝑦) that depends on
the value of the independent variable (usually 𝑥)
• Equation – comparison of two quantities or expressions using
the equality symbol (=)
• Independent variable – variable (usually 𝑥) that controls the
value of the dependent variable (usually 𝑦)

1
 • Linear equation – an equation involving variables in the first
degree
• Linear equation in two variables – an equation involving two
variables, usually 𝑥 and 𝑦, that are both in first degree; can be
written in standard form (𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶), in general form (𝐴𝑥 +
𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0), or in slope-intercept form (𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏)
• Variable – a symbol such as a letter in the alphabet that
represents an unknown value.

IV. Pre-Test:
Read each problem below and answer the questions that follow.
1. On day 3 of a training, Jigs can run a kilometer in 20 minutes. On
the 6th day, he can run the same distance in 16 minutes.
a. Write the equation showing the trend of Jigs training.
b. How long will it take him to run a kilometer on day 12?

2. Suppose the value of a computer depreciates over several

years using a linear model as shown below:

Computer Value Years of Purchase

𝑃ℎ𝑝 20, 000.00 2
𝑃ℎ𝑝 10, 000.00 4

What was the purchase price of the computer after 5 years?

3. To help his family, Nonoy sells pili sweets at the terminal during
the weekend. He gets 𝑃ℎ𝑝 5.00 per jar of pili sweets plus a tip of
𝑃ℎ𝑝 30.00 from the supplier.
a. How much does he earn if he sells 30 jars of pili sweets in a
day?
b. Write the linear equation representing the problem.

V. Learning Activities
Learning Situation 1:

Taking care of roses which are being sold in a flower shop, a gardener
is paid 𝑃ℎ𝑝 50.00 per hour plus an additional 𝑃ℎ𝑝 500.00 per week to
watch at night.
a. How much would he be paid for a 40-hour work week? a 48-
hour work week?
b. Write the linear equation that represents the problem.
c. Graph the relationship between the number of hours worked
and the salary received.

2
Solutions:
a. For a 40-hour work week: 50(40) + 500 = 𝑃ℎ𝑝 2,500.00
For a 48-hour work week: 50(48) + 500 = 𝑃ℎ𝑝 2,900.00

b. The relationship above can be expressed as an equation:

𝟓𝟎𝒙 + 𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝒚

where 𝑥 = the number of hours worked per week

𝑦 = the salary received by the gardener per week

Note: Fifty (50) is the gardener’s hourly rate and 500 is the extra pay per
week watching overnight.

c. To show that the relationship between the number of hours the

gardener worked and the total compensation he received
illustrates a linear equation, a linear graph can be illustrated
using the equation 50x + 500 = y by substituting values for 𝑥 as
the number of hours worked to find the payment he will receive,
𝑦.
𝒚

4, 500
Salary for the Week (Php)

4, 000
3, 500 (𝟒𝟖, 𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟎)
3, 000
2, 500
(𝟒𝟎, 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎)
2, 000
1, 500
1, 000
500
𝒙
8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112
Number of Hours per Week

There are times where we cannot directly answer the problem

without first finding the equation of the line. Hence, we can
follow the simple steps below in solving problems involving
linear equations in two variables.

3
 Step 1: Step 2:

Identify what are given and Use two different variables to

what is unknown. represent the values.

Step 4: Step 3:
Use the equation to find the Write an equation of the line.
unknown. Graph if necessary.

Let’s have a few more examples employing the steps

properly to master this skill.

Learning Situation 2:

After 12 days since the day the deer’s antler

started growing, its length measures
3 inches. It measured 8 inches after 32 days.
a. How long will it be after 90 days?
b. How long was it on day 10?

Solution:
Step 1:

Given:

Number of Days Length of Antler

12 3

32 8

Unknowns: (a) length of antler after 90 days and (b) length of antler
on day 10

4
Step 2:
Use two different variables to represent the values.
For convenience, let’s use the following:
𝑥 − number of days
𝑦 − length of antler

Step 3:
Write an equation of the line.
From the given, we can make the pair of values: (12,3) and (32,8).

Let (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (12,3) where 𝑥1 = 12 and 𝑦1 = 3

(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (32,8) where 𝑥2 = 32 and 𝑦2 = 8
Using the two-point form of the equation of the line, we have:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ( ) (𝑥−𝑥1 )
𝑥2 −𝑥1

8−3
𝑦 − 3 = 32−12 (𝑥 − 12) Substitute the values.
5
𝑦 − 3 = 20 (𝑥 − 12) Simplify.
1 1
𝑦 − 3 = 4 (𝑥 − 12) Distribute 4 to (𝑥 − 12).
1
𝑦 −3 = 4𝑥 − 3 Apply the Addition Property of Equality
by adding 3 to both sides of the
equation.
1
𝑦 −3+ 3 = 4𝑥 −3+3 Simplify.
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙
𝟏
The equation is 𝒚 = 𝟒 𝒙.

Step 4:
Use the equation to answer the problem.

Our unknowns are:

(a) the length of the deer’s antler after 90 days

This means that 𝑥 = 90 since we represented 𝑥 as the number of

days. We will substitute this to our equation.

1
𝑦 = 4𝑥
1
𝑦 = 4 (90) Substitute and simplify.
𝑦 = 22.5

5
 Answer: The length of the antler after 90 days is 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔.

(b) the length of the antler on day 10

Here, 𝑥 = 10. Substitute this to our equation:

1
𝑦 = 4𝑥
1
𝑦 = 4 (10) Substitute and simplify.
𝑦 = 2.5 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠

Answer: The length of the antler after 10 days is 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔.

Let’s have one more example.

Learning Situation 3:

Farmers from upland communities transport their tomato produce in a

box to the city. The table shows the relationship between the weight in
grams of tomatoes and the total weight including the box.

Number of tomatoes (𝑥) 1 2 3 4 5 6

Total weight (𝑦) 155 210 265 320 375 430

a. What must be the total weight if there are 50 tomatoes in the box?
b. What is the weight of the box alone?
c. How many tomatoes are in the box if the total weight is 7910
grams?

Solutions:
Step 1:

Given:

Number of tomatoes (𝑥) 1 2 3 4 5 6

Total weight (𝑦) 155 210 265 320 375 430

Unknowns: (a) total weight of the box containing 50 tomatoes and

(b) weight of the empty box

6
 (c) number of tomatoes in a box weighing 7910 grams

Step 2:
Use two different variables to represent the values.
From the problem, it is already given that:
𝑥 − number of tomatoes
𝑦 − total weight

Step 3:
Write an equation of the line.
From the given, we can choose any pair of values since there are a
few of them in the table. Suppose we choose: (2,210) and (3,265).

Let (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (2,210) where 𝑥1 = 2 and 𝑦1 = 210

(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (3,265) where 𝑥2 = 3 and 𝑦2 = 265
Using the two-point form of the equation of the line, we have:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ( ) (𝑥−𝑥1 )
𝑥2 −𝑥1

265−210
𝑦 − 210 = (𝑥 − 2) Substitute the values.
3−2
55
𝑦 − 210 = (𝑥 − 2) Simplify.
1
𝑦 − 210 = 55(𝑥 − 2) Distribute 55 to (𝑥 − 2).
𝑦 − 210 = 55𝑥 − 110 Apply the Addition Property of Equality
by adding 210 to both sides of the
equation.
𝑦 − 210 + 210 = 55𝑥 − 110 + 210 Simplify.
𝒚 = 𝟓𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎

The equation is 𝒚 = 𝟓𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎.

Step 4:
Use the equation to answer the problem.

Our unknowns are:

(a) total weight of the box containing 50 tomatoes and

This means that 𝑥 = 50. We will substitute this to our equation.

𝑦 = 55𝑥 + 100
𝑦 = 55(50) + 100 Substitute the value of 𝑥.
𝑦 = 2750 + 100 Simplify.
𝑦 = 2,850

7
 Answer: The total weight of the box containing 50 tomatoes is 2,850
grams or 2.85 kilograms.

(b) weight of the empty box

In this case, we have 𝑥 = 0 since there is no tomato inside the box.

𝑦 = 55𝑥 + 100
𝑦 = 55(0) + 100 Substitute the value of 𝑥.
𝑦 = 0 + 100 Simplify.
𝑦 = 100

Answer: The weight of the box alone is 100 grams.

(c) number of tomatoes in a box weighing 7910 grams

This time, we will solve for the value of 𝑥 since we are given the
value of is 𝑦 which is 𝑦 = 7910 grams.

𝑦 = 55𝑥 + 100
7910 = 55𝑥 + 100 Substitute the value of 𝑦.
7910 + (−100) = 55𝑥 + 100 + (−100) Add (−100) to both sides of the
equation to eliminate 100 beside 55𝑥.
7810 = 55𝑥 Divide both sides by 55 to find 𝑥.
7810 55𝑥
= Simplify.
55 55
142 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 142 Symmetric Property

Answer: There are 142 tomatoes in a box weighing 7,910 grams.

You need to master those steps by applying them in the

tasks provided for you.

VI. Practice Exercises:

Practice Task 1:
Solve the following problems involving linear equations in
two variables by answering the questions that follow.

8
 In a certain fast food chain, customers pay
𝑃ℎ𝑝 150.00 for the basic pizza and 𝑃ℎ𝑝 5.00
for each additional slice of meat topping they
wish to have on their pizza.

1. Determine the equation representing the

problem.
2. How much will the pizza cost if it has 12 slices of meat toppings?
3. How much will you pay if you decided to add 8 slices of meat
toppings?
4. If your friend paid 𝑃ℎ𝑝 225.00 for his pizza, how many slices of
meat toppings were added to it?
5. Mariz took her bill and found out that she has to pay 𝑃ℎ𝑝 180.00.
How many slices of meat toppings did she add?

Practice Task 2:
Solve the following problem involving linear equations in two
variables.

A car travels approximately 11 𝑘𝑚 for 1 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟 of gasoline.

1. What equation can be derived in this problem?

2. How far can it travel on 4 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 of gasoline?
3. Fueled with 7 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 of gasoline, how far can the car go?
4. If the car travelled a distance of 22 𝑘𝑚, how much gasoline was
used?
5. If it travelled a distance of 66 𝑘𝑚, how much gasoline was
consumed?

Practice Task 3:
Read the following problems and answer the questions that
follow.

A. Ryan receives 𝑃ℎ𝑝 200.00 a day as an assistant in a grapes farm

in Oas, Albay. He gets an additional 𝑃ℎ𝑝 10.00 every kilo of grapes
he sells.

1. How much does he earn if he sells 20 kilograms of grapes?

2. Ryan went home with an amount of 𝑃ℎ𝑝 950.00 after many
tourists bought grapes from the farm. How many kilos of
grapes did he sell?

9
 B. A laptop repairman charges a service fee of 𝑃ℎ𝑝 200.00
plus 𝑃ℎ𝑝 150.00 for every hour of work.

1. What is the equation for the cost ( 𝑦 ) and for the hours of
work ( 𝑥 )?
2. How much will the repairman charge if he works for 4 hours?
3. If the repairman worked for 6 hours on one laptop, how much
will he charge?

VII. Post- Test

Solve each problem involving linear equations in two variables.

1. Felix puts 𝑃ℎ𝑝 15.00 in his bamboo savings bank every week from his
school allowance in order to avoid unnecessary expenses.
a. What is the linear equation that represents the relationship
between the amount he saves and the number of weeks?
b. How much will he save after 8 weeks?
c. After 10 weeks, he took 𝑃ℎ𝑝 40.00 from his savings to buy a pen
and a notebook. How much is left in his savings?
2. A vegetable vendor buys eggplants and resell them at the market. The
table shows her reselling price depending on the no. of kilograms of
eggplant.

Eggplant in 𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑥 ) 2 4 6 8 10
Price ( 𝑦 ) 90 180 270 360 450

a. How much is the cost of eggplants per kilo?

b. How much will a customer pay if 5𝑘𝑔𝑠 of eggplant are bought?
c. If a buyer paid 𝑃ℎ𝑝 135.00, how many kilograms of eggplant
did he buy?
3. On day 6, a narra tree was 3 𝑐𝑚 tall and was 15 𝑐𝑚 tall on day 20.
a. Write the equation showing the relationship of the height of the
tree and the number of days.
b. After 27 days, how tall will it be?
c. How many days will it take for the narra tree to be 39 𝑐𝑚 tall?

10
VIII. Assignment
A student recorded her time as she answers a
set of Math problems. She found out that it
took her 50 minutes to finish 12 different
problems and 96 minutes while answering 22
problems.
1. How long will it take her to answer 30
problems?
2. How much time will she need to answer
20 problems?
3. If she spent 91.4 minutes, how many problems did she solve?

ANSWER KEY:
Pre-Test
4
1. a. 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥 + 24
b. 8 minutes
2. Purchase price: 𝑃ℎ𝑝 30, 00.00 ; Price after 5 years: 𝑃ℎ𝑝 5, 000.00
3. a. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 180.00
b.𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 30

Practice Task 1 Practice Task 2 Practice Task 3

1. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 150 1. 𝑦 = 11𝑥 A. 1. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 400.00

2. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 210.00 2. 44 𝑘𝑚 2. 75 𝑘𝑔
3. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 190.00 3. 77 𝑘𝑚 B. 1. 𝑦 = 150𝑥 + 200
4. 15 slices 4. 2 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 2. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 800.00
5. 6 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 3. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 1,100.00
5. 6 slices

Post- Test
1. a. 𝑦 = 15𝑥
b. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 120.00
c. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 110.00
2. a. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 225.00
b. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 45.00
c. 3 𝑘𝑔
6 15
3. a. 𝑦 = 7 𝑥 − 7
b. 21 𝑐𝑚
c. 48 days

11
Assignment:

1. 132.8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑟 2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 12.8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

2. 86.8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑟 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 26.8 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
3. 21 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑠

References:
Abuzo, E.P.,et.al., (2013). Finding the Equation of a Line. In M.J. Acelajado
& S.A. Pilor (Eds.) Mathematics learner’s module. (1st ed., pp.192-
195). Pasig City, Philippines: Department of Education.
Barias, F.B., Benoyo, R.B., Bermillo, V.B., Boncocan, R.B.J., Borais, D.B.,
Borbe,A.C., Brofas, R.B., Bueno I, R.B., Carlet, H.J., De Mesa, R.,
Dolz, E.C., Estevez, M.E.R., & Sariola, S.B. (2019). Detailed lesson
plan in mathematics 8: first quarter. (pp. 190-194). Unpublished
manuscript.
Department of Education. Mathematics 8 open high school learner’s
material. (pp. 99-100). [PDF File]
Department of Education. Open high school program nit 6: linear equations
and inequalities in two Variables (pp.22-23). Retrieved from
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/365

12