HLTINF001 Student Assessment Task 1 - Questioning

HLTINF001
Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures

Student Assessment
ASSESSMENT TASK 1 – QUESTIONING

Student Details
☐ I have read and understand unit information and assessment instruction
Student ID Date
Student Name
Assessment Information
Conditions of  The student will have access to the relevant learning resources, listed
Assessment under the learning resource of this document, for this assessment.
 Questions will be completed in the student’s own time.
 Responses to the questions must be typed.
Student Instructions  This task requires you to complete a written response knowledge
for completion assessment.
 You are required to answer all questions correctly in Assessment Task 1 –
Questioning.
 The questions within this assessment relate directly to the integrated
knowledge contained within the unit of competencies and are fundamental
to the student’s knowledge and performance evidence. Use of correct
grammar and spelling is required to demonstrate foundation skills, so
please ensure to proofread your answers prior to submission.
 You may have up to three (3) attempts to receive a satisfactory outcome
for this assessment.
 Failure to receive the Satisfactory outcome after the three (3) attempts,
the result for the unit will be deemed Not Yet Satisfactory, and you must
re- enroll and repeat the unit to be eligible to be assessed again.
 APA referencing must be used where original sources have been used.
Do not copy and paste text from any of the online sources. SCEI has a
strict plagiarism policy and students who are found guilty of plagiarism,
will be penalised.
 The written assessment standards (8.2) outlined in the PP77 Assessment
policy and procedure apply to this assessment task.
Explanation of the  List / identify / state / give = present in brief form

common command  Outline = provide the main facts about something, more than naming, but
words used in the not a detailed description
Assessment Task  Describe = Provide full details of characteristics and/or features, more
needed than an outline or than a list
 Explain / Discuss = Provide a reasonable argument to discuss cause
and effect and/or make links between things clear in your own words
 Analyse = Identify parts, the relationship between them, and their
relationships with the whole. Draw out and relate implications
 Demonstrate = Present, show or illustrate through example or action
HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

CRICOS Provider Code 02934D
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Page 1 of 34 RTO Number 121952
HLT54121 Diploma of Nursing
Student Assessment - Version 2.0 March 2022
HLTINF001
Student Assessment
Assessment  You will be provided with a briefing on the assessment and the
Procedure opportunity to seek clarification on the conduct of the assessment.
 You may seek clarification at any point in time during the assessment
task. If you feel you need more time to complete the assessment, you
must negotiate the time needed with the assessor prior to the assessment
due date.
 Following the assessment, your responses will be assessed and marked
as appropriate. Where responses have been assessed in one (1) or more
questions as unsatisfactory, students will be required to resubmit these
questions. For more information, detailed information can be found in
PP77 Assessment Policy and Procedure
Due Date  14 days after the unit completion date as outlined in the PP77 Assessment
Policy and Procedure.
Questions:
1. List the steps involved in medical hand wash and pre surgical hand wash.
The steps involved in medical hand wash and pre surgical hand wash are as follows:
1. Soak our hands with neat water and the better option is if the water is continuously flowing.
2. Use adequate amount of hand washer to expand entire surfaces of our hands along with wrists.
3. Generate foam along with knead our palms combine forcibly as well as rigorously. Be assuring to
cleanse entire surfaces of our hands, fingertips, fingernails, as well as wrists.
4. Cleanse our hands along with wrists for minimum 20 seconds.
5. Wash our hands as well as wrists using tidy and flowing water.
6. Wipe our hands as well as wrists with a neat towel, or let them dry using air blower.
7. Apply a towel to close the tap. 1
2. List two (2) clinical instances when hand hygiene should be performed with soap and water, rather than
an alcohol based hand rub.
Clinical instances when hand hygiene should be performed with soap and water, rather than an alcohol
based hand rub are as follows:
1. Before touching the clients
2. After getting contact with any kind of body fluids of the patients. 2
1
https://www.healthline.com/health/7-steps-of-handwashing#handwashing-steps
2
https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/infection-prevention-and-control/national-hand-hygiene-
initiative-nhhi/what-hand-hygiene/5-moments-hand-hygiene

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
3. List two (2) non-clinical moments for hand hygiene.

Two non-clinical moments for hand hygiene are as follows:
1. After using the restroom
2. Before eating foods
4. Outline the hand care guidelines related to:
 Maintaining fingernails
1. Maintain nails short along with trim them regularly.
2. Cleanse the hidden part of nails with soap and water or a nail brush while washing our hands.
3. Ignore biting or chewing nails 3
 Removal of jewellery and watches

1. Before starting any medical procedures, removal of jewellery and watches is compulsory to
prevent contamination.
2. After removal clean them with sanitizer and store safely.
 Maintenance of intact skin

1. Alcohol based hand rub is suggested for regular hand sanitisation, unless hands are visibly
dirty.
2. Apply warm water rather than hot water foe hand washing.
3. Be sure the hands are dried properly after washing using a disposable paper towel.
4. Routinely apply the hand moisturiser to prevent the skin from drying as well as cracking.
5. Cover any kind of wounds as well as swellings with a water resistant, regular cleaning and
dressing are also crucial. 4
 Management of cuts and abrasions

1. Clean the affected parts with soap and clean water.
2. If bleeding is observed, clean with gauze and clean cloth.
3. Cover the injured areas with sterile bandage and tape. Before covering antibiotic ointment can
be applied.
4. Look for any sign of infection
5. When the healing starts to progress, wounded areas start to get itchy so, it is better not to
scratch but rather apply anti-itching lotion. 5
5. Explain the scope and use of the following PPE in accordance with organisational policies and
procedures
 Gloves:
PPE includes safety gloves that must be applied for works that has possibility to cause hand and
skin burns, contact with toxic chemicals, cuts, fractures or amputations.
Gloves wearing methods:

1. Be sure regarding the gloves fits exactly in the hands with no gaps and is free from breakages,
burns and toxic residues.
3
https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/personal-hygiene/nails.html
4
https://clinical.stjohnwa.com.au/infection-prevention-control/hand-hygiene-and-skin-care#
5
https://www.webmed.com/first-aid/cuts-scrapes

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
2. Always remove them if any visibility of contamination was observed.

3. Apply rubber glove while handling heat and electric works to minimize the threat of burn or
electrical shock. 6
6
https://safetyculture.com/topics/ppe-safety/

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
 Gown/Apron:
Disposable aprons must be used when there is a threat of being soaked with body fluids, helping
in personal hygiene tasks along with carrying out cleaning or tidying duties. They are also used in
cooking or handling the food preparation. Few companies apply various coloured aprons
depending on the nature of work.
Methods of wearing apron/gown:
1. To wear an apron, put the loop over our head and tie at the back.
2. To remove an apron, unfasten the laces at the back, then pull the apron away from our body
and lift the loop over our head with minimal touching on the surface of the apron at the outer
surface.
3. Then fold or roll the apron by keeping the clean side at exterior region and dispose safely. 7
 Masks:
Medical masks, surgical masks are suitable for the prevention of airborne respiratory tract
infections by clinical professionals and associated workers, along with the prevention level is
higher; medical masks are better for clinical workers or associated workers for basic safety as well
as safety from blood, body fluids, splashes during invasive procedures. Normal mask are
unsuitable for safety from pathogenic microbes. Medical mask can be applied for one-time
hygiene care in normal environments, or pathogenicity. 8
 Protective glasses:
Safety goggles protect the eyes, eye sockets, along with the facial area instantly covering the
eyes. Indirectly-vented or non-vented goggles prevent splashes, sprays as well as respiratory
fluids. Anti-fog safety goggles provide the most feasible as well as reliable application. Goggles
with indirect aeration also decreases fogging. Some contemporary goggles also give supreme
peripheral vision. Safety goggles must fit perfectly even over prescription glasses with minimal
openings. 9
6. Explain the roles of an EN in managing blood or body fluid spills in accordance with organisational
policies and procedures. (Consider including care after body fluid exposure, spills removal, signage)
Professional exposure to the client’s body fluids or blood might occur via parenteral (needlestick or
sharp item wounds), mucous membrane (splash of body fluids to eyes, nose, or mouth), along with
injured skin exposure (approach of a client’s body fluids with wounded skin). These incidents occur
mainly due to improper application of PPE kits, occupational hazards, or mishandling of sharp
objects and needles disposed unsafely. Following the benchmark precautions, comprising strict use
of PPE is crucial in stopping blood oriented disease exposure. Small wound in our skin is sufficient
to get infection from the deadly viruses.
Things to be followed after getting contamination from body fluids or blood:
1. Clean the injury area immediately
2. Inform the senior officials
3. Conduct evaluation for potential contamination from pathogens
4. Apply the safety measures. 10
7
https://dsdweb.co.uk/level-2-diploma-in-care/optional-units/the-principles-of-infection-prevention-and-control/
understand-the-importance-of-using-personal-protective-equipment-ppe-in-the-prevention-and-control-of-
infections/
8
https://www.ulfbiotech.com/news/the-scope-of-application-of-surgical-mask-and-3550817.html
9
https://www.mysafetysign.com/blog/using-eye-protection--healthcare-settings/
10
https://www.myamericannurse.com/exposed-to-patients-body-fluids-now-what/

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
7. Outline the procedures for disposal of the following two contaminated waste
● disposing of sharps:
Procedures:
1. Instantly put used needles and other sharp items in a sharps disposal container to decrease
the threat of needle sticks, cuts or punctures from loose sharps.
2. Apply an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container, if applicable. If an FDA-approved container
is absence, some organisations as well as society rules allows in applying heavy-duty plastic
containers as a replacement.
3. Be assured when using domestic container that it holds the fundamental characters of a better
disposal container.
4. Inform our local trash or public health department to locate about sharps disposal programs in
the region. 11
11
https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safely-using-sharps-needles-and-syringes-home-work-and-travels/dos-
and-donts-proper-sharps-disposal#

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
● Handling contaminated and clinical waste in a hospital.

Procedures:
1. Segregating, packaging as well as labeling the waste products properly.
2. Involving authorized contractors to collect and shift medical wastes.
3. Applying EPA portal to making sure regarding the disposal facility holds the license to manage
clinical as well as similar waste.
4. Evaluating the waste management process regularly. 12
8. Your patient has been diagnosed with H1N1 influenza virus. List the additional precautions you
implement as an EN to prevent the transmission of infection. Explain your rationale.
1. Washing hands, the correct way: The majority of people are unaware regarding appropriate
method for washing the hands properly to eliminate all pathogens. The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed guidelines for washing the hands.
2. Apply hand sanitiser if washing hand is not possible: In particular conditions, hand sanitiser
might be the best option for the nurses. Even though it is not effective as hand washing,
applying hand sanitiser with minimum 60% alcohol composition can deduce in germs
contamination. The CDC suggests rubbing the sanitiser on entire surfaces of hand until it
becomes dry.
3. Follow entire PPE guidelines: Entire masks, downs, gloves, face shields, along with
spectacles must be worn while handling the infectious patients suffering from viral
sicknesses to prevent from nurses getting contaminated with the virus.
4. Follow disinfectant guidelines: Medical facilities must perform regular disinfection of their
entire premises. However, it is still crucial for nurses to sterile surfaces in their entire shifts,
especially while approaching frequent touching surfaces like keyboards, computers,
phones, countertops, doorknobs and light switches.
5. Follow additional precautions upon returning home: There is still much unfamiliar about the
transmission of the viruses. But the CDC suggests that virus might be able to survive on
shoe soles, uniforms and our gadgets. So it will be wise to disinfect these items before
going inside the home.
6. In pandemic situations, do everything that is possible: During pandemic situations created
by viruses such as COVID-19, H1N1 etc, nurses might need to go to extreme level to
confine the virus spreading. Sometimes, nurses might have to quarantine themselves and
stay away from the community. 13
9. List four (4) hazards in a hospital work environment including the infection hazard. For each of them, list
the level of risk and appropriate control measures (Consider hierarchy of control).
Four Hazards in a hospital work environment including the infection hazard are as follows:
1. Biological hazards: The level of risk for these kinds of hazards is extremely high.
Control measures:
12
https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/for-business/find-a-topic/manage-clinical-and-related-waste
13
https://degree.astate.edu/articles/nursing/prevent-and-control-infection.aspx

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
1. Be sure regarding getting training on biosafety and exposure control methods.

2. Get vaccination as prescribed and as required.
3. Apply safety measure devices properly (e.g. biosafety cabinet)
4. Stick to infection prevention, control exercises and standard precautions.
5. Wear suitable personal protective equipments.
6. Understand guidelines to be exercised in the event of exposure to the pathogen or injuries
(e.g. needle poke, laceration, inhalation of pathogen).
7. Dispose of biohazardous waste in compliance with host institution methods.
8. Inform threatening situations, concerns and issues to seniors.
2. Chemical hazards: The level of risk for this hazard is extremely high.
Control measures:
1. Properly label and store chemicals.
2. For controlled products, become familiar with material safety data sheets (MSDS).
3. Apply safety equipments like fume hoods
4. Stick with standard operating procedure (SOP) while handling chemicals.
5. Be aware regarding safety equipment like emergency eyewashes and showers, fire
extinguishers, and first aid box location.
6. Be familiar with emergency protocols to be assessed in the incident of chemical spillage or
leakage.
3. Physical hazards: The level of risk for this hazard might be from minor to extreme level.
Control measures:
1. Be aware of the working condition along with physical threats that are existed.
2. Stick to defined work procedures and policies.
3. Wear personal protective equipment.
4. Understand instant response protocols to be followed in the event of an incident.
5. Report incidents to senior
4. Ergonomic hazard: The level of risk for this hazard is mild but can be hazardous later.
Control measures:
1. Get training for patient transfer, lifting and repositioning (TLR).
2. Exercise good lifting methods while handling materials.
3. Be conscious of body posture and position while doing jobs.
4. Be conscious about physical symptoms that might be initial symptoms of musculoskeletal
injuries.
5. Apply ergonomically designed equipment and tools.
6. Take regular rests when doing works that need difficult postures to be sustained for longer
periods.
7. Discuss with senior if experiencing physical symptoms and look for suitable medical
therapy. 14
14
https://medicine.usask.ca/documents/pgme/policy/16.a-Hazards-in-Health-Care-Workplaces.pdf#

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
10. Assess the risk of each of the following hazards by determining the likelihood of a hazard occurring in
your work environment, and the severity of harm.
Hazard Likelihood of risk Severity of harm
May pierce and puncture the body parts Harm can be minimal but if needles used
Needle sticks injury, where along with maker cuts are from infectious patient then severity
the needle is contaminated might be higher
with infectious blood.
Develops the probability getting infection Severity of harm depends on the nature of
Exposure to a client with highly and transmit to others. the influenza virus.
infectious influenza.
Higher probability of getting infection from Severity of harm will be extremely high.
Splash from infected body fluids diseases.
into eyes or mucous membranes.
11. Explain briefly the concept of chain of infection with two (2) examples.
For an infectious disease to be spread to cause sickness, particular conditions must be present. This process is
called the chain of infection. For example:
1. Causative agents
2. Mode of transmission 15
15
https://academic.oup.com/book/41801/chapter-abstract/354523396?redirectedFrom=fulltext

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
12. List four (4) factors that may increase an individual’s risk of acquisition or susceptibility to infection and
explain why.
Factors that may increase an individual’s risk of acquisition or susceptibility to infection are as follows:
1. Age: Infants and aged people have reduced immune system against the infections.
2. Heredity: Some individuals have a genetic vulnerability to the particular diseases.
3. Stress: The nature and duration of physical and emotional stressors can influence the vulnerability
to infections.
4. Nutrition: Antibiotics are made up of proteins, the capacity to synthesise antibodies can be
influenced by the insufficient nutrition. 16
13. What are reusable medical devices and why are they reprocessed? Then explain the processes for
reprocessing reusable equipment to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposures.
16
https://quizlet.com/163614231/factors-increasing-susceptibility-to-infection-flash-cards/

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
14. Provide three examples of infections caused by each of the following pathogenic microorganisms.
Note that you may need to complete independent research to answer this question.
Pathogen Infection
Bacteria or bacterial spores
Virus
Fungi
15. Explain the following:

A. Explain the difference between harmless microorganisms and pathogens.
B. Explain the difference between colonisation, infection and disease.

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
16. A) Briefly outline routine cleaning procedures for the following surface types.
Surface Cleaning procedure
Minimal touch surfaces (e.g. floors,
walls, curtains, sinks)
Frequently touched surfaces (e.g.

door knobs, bed rails, bedside tables,
light switches)
B) Specify the times for surface cleaning procedures for the following surfaces in a high-risk environment
(e.g. hospital setting).
Object Frequency of clean
Bed
Bedside table
Chair
Commode
Door knobs, handles
Non-slip floors
Patient equipment (e.g. obs machine)
Shower
Toilet
Linen trolley
17. As an enrolled nurse, discuss three areas of your responsibility in relation to infection prevention and
control in the work environment.

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HLTINF001
Student Assessment
18. Identify the modes of disease transmission, source of infective agent, susceptible host and incubation
period for the following conditions:
Disease Key modes of Source of Susceptible

Incubation period
condition transmission infective agent host
Malaria
Norovirus
AIDS

procedure

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HLTINF001

Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures

ASSESSMENT TASK 1 – QUESTIONING

☐ I have read and understand unit information and assessment instruction

Explanation of the  List / identify / state / give = present in brief form

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

3. List two (2) non-clinical moments for hand hygiene.

4. Outline the hand care guidelines related to:

 Removal of jewellery and watches

 Maintenance of intact skin

 Management of cuts and abrasions

Gloves wearing methods:

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

2. Always remove them if any visibility of contamination was observed.

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

● Handling contaminated and clinical waste in a hospital.

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

1. Be sure regarding getting training on biosafety and exposure control methods.

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

2. Heredity: Some individuals have a genetic vulnerability to the particular diseases.

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

Bacteria or bacterial spores

15. Explain the following:

B. Explain the difference between colonisation, infection and disease.

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

Frequently touched surfaces (e.g.

Object Frequency of clean

Door knobs, handles

Patient equipment (e.g. obs machine)

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

Disease Key modes of Source of Susceptible

HLTINF001 Comply with infection prevention and control policies and

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