NATIONALISTIC or PROPAGANDA PERIOD HANDOUT SCHOOLOGY

NATIONALISTIC or PROPAGANDA PERIOD (1872-1892)
 Propaganda period is a turning point in our

Philippine literary journey.
 This period marked the beginning of the
awakening of our sense of nationalism.
 New breed of writers
 If the religion was the thematic focus during
the Spanish Era, a strong feeling of nationalism
was the main agenda of this literature.
 The period is divided into the Propaganda
and the Revolution (Rizal, Lopez Jaena, & Del
Pilar)
 The seeds of liberty, equality, and fraternity are
well starting to germinate from the many failures experienced by the early waves of armed
insurrections which were largely self-contained, isolated and doomed from the start.
 The adage, “the pen is mightier than the sword” will be pitted to good use here, too. So,
what are you waiting for, join me as we take a closer look at the Propaganda period, some
of the major members of the propaganda movement, and their salient contributions to the
Philippine literary tradition.
 At the close of the 19th century the revolutionist took over and there was a shift not only in
language (from Spanish to Tagalog) but in the audience or readers from the “intelligentsia”
to the masses.
 Bonifacio, Jacinto, and Mabini were the prominent revolutionary writers.
 This period was truly significant because it produced a literature that was realistic and truly
Filipino.
Historical background
 The emergence of the “principalia” paved the way to the rise of the intellectual indios
called “Ilustrados”.
 The sons of these middle class indios were able to study abroad and gain knowledge on
other countries, ideas and concepts of freedom, equality and democracy.
 They, in turn, looked back at the deplorable condition of the Philippines and sought for
much needed reforms and improvements.
What is the Propaganda period?
 Propaganda period was a period of Philippine history and literature when the “Ilustrados”
(intellectual indios) started calling for reforms, equality and improvement which lasted
approximately from 1868 to 1898 although most of their activities happened between 1880-
1895.
 López Jaena, Rizal, and journalist Marcelo del Pilar emerged as the three leading figures of
the Propaganda Movement, and magazines, poetry, and pamphleteering flourished.
 The propaganda movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like
Rizal, del Pilar, Lopez-Jaena, Ponce and among others. There were also other writers and
persons who, through peaceful means, advocated for reforms such as:
1. To get equal treatment for the Filipinos and the Spaniards under the law.
2. To restore Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.
3. To “Filipinize” the parishes.
4. To give the Filipinos freedom of speech, of the press, assembly and for redress of
grievances.
The Propaganda stalwarts
Jose Rizal (The National Hero)
 His full name is Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo y Realonda.

 He was born June 19, 1861 at Calamba, Laguna.
 He studied at Ateneo, UST, Universidad Central de Madrid, Univ.
of Berlin, Univ. of Leipzig, and Univ. of Heidelberg.
 Executed by musketry on Dec. 30, 1896 with charges of sedition
and rebellion.
 Pen names include Dimasalang, Laong-Laan and P. Jacinto.
 Best known for his political writings that inspired the Philippine
revolution and ultimately led to his execution by the Spanish
colonizers.
 “Consummatum Est!” (It is finished!) Were Rizal's last words during
his execution by firing squad in Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896. His words are said to
have been the same ones used by Jesus Christ shortly before he died of crucifixion.
 He studied Philippine history to prove Filipinos had a culture of their own, prior to
colonization, that the Filipinos were not inferior to the white man.
His major works include:
 Noli Me Tangere – the novel that exposed the evils in society.

 El Filibusterismo – the sequel of Noli which exposed the evils in the government and in the
church.
 Mi Ultimo Adios – is a poem that tells us how beautiful the Philippines is and how Rizal wants
us to learn from our past and to see the truth about how the world view us.
 Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos (On the Indolence of the Filipinos) – an essay defending
the Filipinos on the accusation of laziness of the Filipinos and the evaluation of the reasons
behind it.
 Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años (The Philippines within a Century) – an essay predicting the
future colonizer of the Philippines is America.
 Sa aking mga Kababata (To my fellow children) – a poem he wrote when he was 8 years
old.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar (The Consummate Journalist/Propagandist)
 He used pen names such as Plaridel, Pupdoh, Piping Dilat,

and Dolores Manapat.
 He attended Colegio de San Jose and UST and took up
Law.
 He established Diariong Tagalog where he exposed the
evils of Spanish Government.
 He succeeded Lopez-Jaena as editor of La Solidaridad,
the official newspaper of Propaganda Movement.
 To escape Spanish wrath, he self-exiled in Barcelona,
Spain, where he died of tuberculosis.
 One of the active anti-friar personalities in the Philippines
before the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896.
 He worked to destroy the friars' authority and influence on the country's affairs.
 He preached the gospel of work, self-respect, and human dignity. His mastery of Tagalog,
his native language, enabled him to arouse the consciousness of the masses to the need
for unity and sustained resistance against the Spanish tyrants.
 The father of Philippine Journalism
His major works include:
 Kaiingat Kayo (Be Careful) – a humorous and sarcastic dig in response to Fr. Jose
Rodriguez’s attack on the Noli of Rizal.
 Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes) – similar to catechism but sarcastically done
against the parish priests.
 Ang Cadaquilaan ng Dios (God’s Goodness) – it contains a philosophy of the power and
intelligence of God.
 Sagot ng Espanya sa Hibik ng Pilipinas (Answer of Spain on the Plea of the Filipinos) – a
poem pleading for change from Spain but that Spain is already weak and old to grant any
aid to the Philippines.
 Dupluhan, dalit, mga Bugtong (A poetical contest in narrative sequence, psalms, riddles) –
a compilation of poems on the oppression by the priests in the Philippines
 La Soberania en Filipinas (Sovereignty in the Philippines) – shows the injustices of the friars to
the Filipinos.

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NATIONALISTIC or PROPAGANDA PERIOD (1872-1892)

 Propaganda period is a turning point in our

What is the Propaganda period?

Jose Rizal (The National Hero)

 His full name is Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo y Realonda.

His major works include:

 Noli Me Tangere – the novel that exposed the evils in society.

Marcelo H. Del Pilar (The Consummate Journalist/Propagandist)

 He used pen names such as Plaridel, Pupdoh, Piping Dilat,

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