The Coronavirus pandemic has wreaked havoc on all our lives.

While we are each doing our part of

prevent the spread, and while frontline healthcare workers risk their lives to care for the sick, researchers are
racing to find the one thing that will protect all of us in the long run, a vaccine. The vaccine will become the
currency of life and death. Every person will need it to stay safe from the virus, hence the reason of
mandating it.

There is no effective cure currently available for COVID-19. However, recent reports indicate
that a single dose of either the Oxford-AstraZeneca or the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine can provide high level
of protection against COVID-19 symptoms, serious illness, and avoid the need of hospitalization by 80%
including reduction in mortality from the disease. These findings add to growing evidence that the
vaccines are working to reduce infections and save lives

The concern from “vaccine hesitancy” is that the unvaccinated people could form a deadly
reservoir of the coronavirus, which would cause further outbreaks of infection or lead to a sustained
level of prevalence of the disease. The less burdensome it is for an individual to do something that
prevents harm to others and the greater the harm prevented, the stronger the ethical reason for
mandating the COVID-19 vaccine.
 COVID-19 vaccination should be mandatory. Being vaccinated dramatically reduces the risk of
seriously harming or causing the death of others. Vaccines such as
the Pfizer, AstraZeneca or Moderna ones with 90-95% efficacy at preventing people from getting sick are
also likely to be effective at stopping the virus from spreading, though possibly to a lower degree. Such
benefits would come at a very minimal cost to individuals.

Lockdown is mandatory. Like mandatory vaccination, it protects vulnerable people from COVID-
19. However, unlike mandatory vaccination, lockdown entails very large individual and societal costs. It
is inconsistent to accept mandatory lockdown but reject mandatory vaccination. The latter can achieve a
much greater good at a much smaller cost.

Fostering trust and driving uptake by making people more informed is a nice narrative, but it’s
risky. Merely giving people information on vaccines does not always result in increased willingness to
vaccinate and might actually lower confidence in vaccines. On the other hand, we’ve seen mandatory
vaccination policies in Italy recently successfully boost vaccine uptake for other diseases.

Mandatory seatbelt policies have proven very successful in reducing deaths from car accidents,
and are now widely endorsed despite the (very small) risks that seatbelts entail. We should see vaccines
as seatbelts against COVID-19. In fact, as very special seatbelts, which protect ourselves and protect
others.
Lowering the age of crime responsibility in the Philippines should not be
implemented

With the Philippines having one of the worst crimes in the world, is lowering the crime age really
is the solution? Do you agree that kids as young as 12 years old be held accountable for their actions?
The continuous use of illegal drugs, murders, human trafficking, corruption, and domestic violence still
remains as significant concerns in the country. Knowing the fact that Philippines has the high rate in
terms of crime, The House of Representatives recently proposed to lower the minimum age of criminal
responsibility from 15 to 12 years old. Children in conflict with the law are already victims of
circumstance, mostly because of mental illness, poverty, and exploitation by adult crime syndicates.
Children who are exploited and driven by adults to commit crimes need to be protected, not further
penalized. Instead, they should be given a second chance to reform and to rehabilitate. Scientific studies
show that children below the age of 16 do not have the maturity to discern right from wrong. Lowering
the age of criminal responsibility is an act of violence against children.

All actions correspond to rightful consequences. Crimes should be subjected to legal

interventions which apply to every person living in the country. All citizens that happen to have made a
criminal act are legally processed and are punished accordingly. As to the current situation of the
juvenile justice system of the Philippines, children who are fifteen years old or under at the time of the
commission of the offense shall be exempt from criminal liability, but should be subjected to an
intervention program pursuant to the Section 20 of the R.A. 9344 or the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act
of 2006. However, if a child aged between fifteen and eighteen years old has acted with discernment, in
which case, shall be subjected to legal proceedings in accordance to the said act. The present system is
reasonable given that the age bracket implies that the child is in his/her middle adolescent age – a stage
in a person’s adolescence where they have the stability in most aspects of human development

This issue became a very hot topic when recently in South Cotabato, The Maguad siblings was
found dead, and was later found out that they were murdered by their supposedly adopted sister who is
a minor aged 16 years old. Being a minor, she was under the custody of the Department of Social
Welfare and Development while the other crime suspect remained at large.

In selected cases, children have become victims of trafficking and are forced to do what is
believed to be illegal. If children are punished because they were forced to do something unacceptable
to the law, doesn’t that mean that the justice system fails to track the real deal and instead, abuse the
rights of the children, which is to be protected? We should apply rehabilitation in these cases, not
punishments. We must look for a way to protect children from syndicates who use children for their
selfish and irresponsible deeds. We need to provide a restorative way of correcting their faults and
should not be punitive.

Not all criminals are really criminals. Some were forced, some were falsely accused, while some
are not in their right minds. Children are not exempted to the rightful correction in order to have
accordance and integration with peace and order. However, we should realize and recognize the vital
role or importance of the youth in nation building and we shall promote and protect the physical,
emotional, mental, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being of our children. In conclusion, the
age of 15 should not be changed to 12 years old as the minimum age for criminal liability for it will only
put the wellness of our children, and putting our nation’s future and development to a ruination.
Branding children as criminals removes accountability from adults who are responsible for safeguarding
them. If children who have been exploited by criminal syndicates are penalized instead of the adults
who abused them, we fail to uphold the rights and well-being of children.

If we fail to understand the underlying reasons how and why children commit crimes, we as
adults, fail our children.

case stated.
Abortion as a Right

At the point when the word abortion is heard, it is constantly connected with many negative
things, such as murder and inhumanity. However not authorizing abortion makes a large issue for
woman not only here in the Philippines but around the world. Having a child takes consideration
and planning and if pregnancy occurs without any of this, why bother to have it at all?
Our government has endeavored to attempt progress to preventative services; however,
abortion is illicit under all conditions and is exceptionally condemned. In any case, abortion is
common to some, yet is regularly carry out in unsanitary procedures and>utilizing unsafe methods.
Regardless of advances in the RH Law or reproductive health law, a lot of Filipino women come
across unintended pregnancies, and on the grounds that abortion is exceptionally condemned here
in our country, a lot who seek abortion, encounter risky methods and techniques. Unsafe abortion
conveys huge dangers for Filipino women every year an estimation of hundreds of women die from
fetus removal intricacies, which adds to the country's high maternal mortality rate. While a
thousands of women are hospitalized every year for complications on abortion. In view of the
dangers of risky abortion, many women need post- abortion care, yet they face boundaries in
acquiring such care, which includes the shame in getting abortion and the significant expense of
medical care.

In this argumentative essay over abortion, I presume there are a lot of arguments on why
should we legalize abortion but I would only state a few and important matters; First, it supports
the principal human rights for women by giving them a decision or a choice; it decreases
wrongdoing by diminishing the number of children growing up non-ideal conditions. As well,
women have the option to have the decision to decide to have an abortion for a few
significantarguments. The privilege to settle on these choices should lie in the hands of the mother
to settle on choices concerning their very own bodies. In accordance with the National Bureau of
Health Research (2007), there are times intricacies emerge during pregnancy, and the doctor
chooses to spare the life of the mother. Obviously, this implies that the fetus dies and the mother
lives, yet that would be better than to lose the two existences of the mother and of the unborn. For
this situation, abortion is advocated, a pregnant mother and her unborn, where difficulties in
pregnancy may prompt loss of lives of both, it is better to spare the life of the mother, through
abortion.

Second, bringing up a kid isn't a simple task and requires social and emotional responsibility
combined with financial resources. On the off chance that we as people don't be able to give a child
a sound life; then the point of bringing them into this world would only cause parts more issues that
ought to have never emitted in any case. The individual rights woman has are for herself, yet the
child depending on her to live. One of the women's most essential rights is the privilege to control
her very own body and to decide whether she bears a child. No one but she can decide if she is
emotional and physically prepared at any given time to have and raise a child.
Third and lastly, consistently the media runs a story of either a child or a woman so far as that is
concerned, who has been assaulted by individuals known to them or by strangers. Consequently,
legalizing abortion will solve instances of undesirable pregnancies emerging from such cases and
difficulties during pregnancies. At the point when a pregnancy happens because of assault, the
victim isn't to be faulted, the culprit is. Also, the vast majority of the victims are not prepared for
these pregnancies. In this manner, an abortion turns into the best option to get rid of these
pregnancies. It offers them a chance to proceed with the pursuit of their aspirations to the highest
levels without restrictions. On the off chance that it is made lawful, it gives individuals the guts to
approach professional medical doctors and performs safe termination of unwanted pregnancies.
Therefore, this lessens the frequencies of death due to complications on abortion. As highlighted by
the Center for Reproductive Rights' World's Abortion Laws Map, the Philippines is out of a venture
with the vast majority of the world. In one case, a young doctor was assaulted by a government
official who paid for her education. After discovering that she was pregnant, she attempted to self-
initiate an abortion and ended up dying from difficulties that arose from her risky abortion and
incapability to get medical services. As a result, a huge number of Filipino women face comparable
circumstances and, because of our obsolete abortion laws, they also are at risk of dying from unsafe
abortion. For this situation, there are sorts of human rights that were violated. One is the privilege
to life, her passing was an altogether preventable pregnancy-related demise brought about by the
failure of the government to legally accommodate access to abortion. The criminal provisions on
abortion lead to infringement of the privilege to life both by denying women's access to safe
abortion. Next is the inability to accommodate lawful access to emergency contraception and
abortion for a sexual violence victim violates government commitments to forestall sex-based
viciousness under the privilege of nondiscrimination. Then the Right to Health, her failure to get to
safe abortion services comprises infringement of the privilege to health,

In conclusion, this argumentative essay has proven that permitting abortion to be legalized
is important to guarantee the human rights, survival and well-being of women. Without it, we are
sentencing women to experience the ill effects of risky abortion. Despite the fact that abortion
ought to be lawful yet debilitated. Lawful basically on the grounds that it is a decision and what
becomes inside of a woman's body is hers. On the off chance that we don't authorize this, it
consequently ignores a couple of many human rights: the rights to privacy, rights to life, right to
non-discrimination and the rights to health. I suppose it isn't the place of the government to enact
against women's or any individual's decisions since they don't have knowledge on what their
background is.
Mandatory ROTC Program should not be Considered

The Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) is one of the three elements of the National Service
Training Program (NSTP) in every college curriculum. It aims to provide military training to tertiary level
students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.
(R.A. 9163, n.d). The program is also expected to imprint moral values and patriotism to the youth.

Vice president (VP) aspirant Sara Duterte mentioned that he wants to strengthen the ROTC
program by making it mandatory to all, regardless of what their gender is, once they reach the age of 18.
According to her, fortifying the said program would help instill love of country and good citizenship.
Same with what the VP aspirant proposed, the groups who supports ROTC says that the program not
only aims to instill patriotism, but it also develops personality and leadership skills that may help the
cadets to build successful civilian careers in the near future. (JA Media Solutions Inc., 2009). But as we all
know, everything that has a positive response will always have a negative one.

Senator Hontiveros claimed that the Senate Bill No. 2232 which requires SHS students to
participate in the ROTC program will violate the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on
the Rights of the Child and certainly a violation of international law. This would be against international
commitment if they allowed those minor ages enrolled in Grades 1l and 12 to undergo military training.
With this, students were being tormented ranging from direct physical mistreatment to psychological
abuses and outright discrimination to the gay student community. Besides, the United States which
influenced our country to this ROTC is never made it mandatory. This should be remained as optional,
youth must be given the options on how they will serve for the country, it should be an expression of a
deeper interpretation of social responsibility, Hontiveros added. Passing this bill or any militaristic
courses does not learn or taught the love of country but the National Language and Panitikan courses
are.
Enter

Senator also mentioned the financial needs and logistical requirements in making this program
mandatory which practically speaking that it would be a burden for the budget of exactly 11,000 high
schools nationwide especially in the middle of the pandemic. Yet a burden to all the students and
parents, somehow boted in severe corruption as it requires huge money and will thrive students for all
the expenses. How the proposed bill that aims patriotism, love for country, moral, spiritual values, and
respect for human rights avoid such corruption and murder if there is an incident that happened, Cadet
Officer Mark Chua case in 200? This should serve as the lesson and basis of the officials to weigh and
consider all the consequences involved

In conclusion, the researcher do stand that re-introducing mandatory ROTC should not be
implemented and should not be reconsidered. I believe that the program contributes distress not
only to the students, but also to the parents. It also failed to promote nationalism or neither helped to
improve oneself, rather, it imprinted fear, violence and abomination to the minds of the youth. For me,
ROTC, in all sides, will never improve one’s love for the country, it will only help us get ready for war. If
the government really wants to instill patriotism to the youth, I believe that they should invest more
time in teaching our history precisely. The government must realize that this ROTC program is not the
only avenue to foster nationalism, patriotism, character-building and it does not cultivate service to
others and the love of the nation. This ROTC Program must stay optional. Regardless of the right age for
the mandatory ROTC program, what is important here is how we make a stand for our country without
the help of any of this program.
Divorce should be Legalized
In the Philippines, where marriage is highly valued as the foundation of the Filipino Society,
divorce is a controversial issue that not a lot of Filipinos want to delve in. This is especially given the fact
that the Philippines is a predominantly Catholic country, which deeply upholds the sanctity of marriage -
making our country, along with the Vatican, to be the only two countries that still has not legalized
divorce. But, what is divorce? And how does it differ from the existing options for separation namely,
Annulment and Legal Separation?

Under the Family Code of the Philippines, Annulment is a legal decree that nullifies the existence
of a marriage based on the following grounds: psychologicalincapacity, forced marriage, fraud, and
impotence, while Legal Separation can be petitioned if there is a recurring physical abuse in the
relationship, a spouse is a drug or alcohol addict, a spouse is forced or intimidated to change his or her
political or religious beliefs, a spouse has committed adultery, or a spouse has been abandoned for more
than a year without any reasonable cause. Although an annulment allows remarriage, a legal separation
does not because it still recognizes the marital bond between the parties.

Divorce, on the other hand, recognizes and terminates the existence of marriage based on the
combined grounds of Annulment and Legal Separation, but also adds the basis that both parties are truly
experiencing an irreconcilable or irreparable marriage despite their efforts. It also allows both parties to
remarry anotherperson once the process has been successful and provides several features such as child
support, custody, division of assets, and alimony. Unlike Annulment, Divorce costs less - making it more
accessible for Filipinos who are not financially capable enough to afford an Annulment fee which usually
costs 250,000 pesos and more.

The cost of an Annulment is often deemed to be discriminatory since it favors the rich who can
afford the necessary legal teams to pursue the process, while the poor remains in line and unheard in
court for years due to limited resources. In addition, analyzing the grounds for Annulment and Legal
Separation, both seem ineffective and provide a limited number of options for people who want to leave
their irreparable marriages. For example, if a person wants to dissolve his or her marriage due to
constant abuse from his or her partner, the only option for them isLegal Separation. This only enables
them to live separately, but they cannot remarry another person since they are still considered married
in the eyes of the law. Imagine the physical, emotional, and psychological trauma that the inflicted party
had to endure and yet, they are technically still married with the person who persistently abused them.
Thus, divorce can also help battered wives leave abusive relationships once and for all. According to the
findings of the 2017 National Demographic and Health Survey, one in four married women aged 15-49
has experiencedall types of violence from their spouse including: physical, emotional, and sexual
violence.

With the prevalence of spousal or intimate violence, Divorce seeks to shed light and spark hope
for the thousands of Filipino women who are suffering from abusive marriages. Aside from that, it also
saves children who are deeply affected by severe parental conflict because studies suggest that it has
the most damaging effect on children. According to an article written by Sutherland (2014), a member of
the Institute of Family Studies, parental conflict and familial violence may affect children in ways that
they externalize and internalize their distress. Children can possibly become more aggressive, anti-social,
hostile, and defiant - posing detrimental effects on their mental health and their holistic development.
However, there are concerns that divorce may undermine the importance of marriage given that the
nation continuously strives to strengthen the Filipino family. It is described as an easy way out for those
who just simply want to leave their marriages and not work on it. In addition, it affects children even if
they are no longer between parental conflicts. But, looking at the divorce bill, it ensures that all
stakeholders will undergo a scrutinized process. The bill states that whenboth spouses have filed a joint
application for divorce, they are required to undergo a 6-month cooling off period in order to further
contemplate on their decision. However, it does not apply to cases which involves abuse against mother
and children as well as threatening of murder. As mentioned earlier, divorce will provide child support
and custody. They will be provided with a parenthood plan to ensure the children's welfare.

Thus, with all these arguments presented, the researcher firmly believe that divorce must be
legalized in the Philippines. It is not just an easy way out of a dysfunctional marriage nor a matter of
just catching up with other countries' policies, but a way that could save a life, protect the welfare
of those concerned, and could give constituents a more viable option. It is time to face the realities
of our society - there are marriages that simply do not work out despite continuous efforts, as well
as arranged and abusive marriages that are still rampant in our society. It is time to give people the
capacity to choose and an avenue to truly rise from failed marriages, because that is more
important than preserving tradition.
There are far more alternative means that would not put our youth in such danger. If the government
wants to produce citizens who have patriotism, nationalism and respect for human rights, making ROTC
mandatory is not the solution; but rather, a total overhaul of the current educational system is needed.
WHY VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES IS NOT THE REASON FOR VIOLENCE

Even if people believe that video games has caused violence, video games has definitely
brought new ways of benefiting the young minds. Since the 1970s, video games introduced a new
way of entertainment for children and teens. Video games has produce a wide variety of games,
ranging from peaceful and adventurous to violent and fast-paced. Video games has grown
tremendously in the twenty-first century, the most trending games today are violent such as
Activision's Call of Duty series, which is an online fast-paced, first person shooter. Most violent
video games are played by teens, so this is why people assume that violent video games cause
violence because they believe it's easier to corrupt teenagers minds. People blaming violent video
games for aggressive behavior is not a factor without facts.

The first problem with people blaming violence with video games is looking at other factors
that are involved. When young men who do not normally play video games are exposed to violent
video games, changes occur in the way their brains function, new research shows (Gordon 1).
Teenagers who play violent games increase their ability to react to things faster and to test their
intelligence. People blame massive school shootings on violent video games but did not think about
if that the shooters had some type of mental issue. More than half of mass shooters over the last
thirty years had mental-health problems (Kain 5). That is what most people do when they accuse
video games and completely ignore the fact that it might be mental issues. Making these claims will
stir up society and start making other people make these false claims. This is how video games are
brought up in situations involving violence. S Need a custom essay on the same topic?

Another reason that people can't say video games causes violence is that experts are still in
a huge debate whether or whether not it does. A 2011 study found that people who had played
competitive games, regardless of whether they were violent or not, exhibited increased aggression
(Kain 4). Video games is what relaxes teenagers instead of making them furious and want to hurt
someone. Video games reduces stress on teenagers from school or personal matters and reduce
anxiety. Also, games that encourage collaboration and community involvement are a significant
part of gaming and must be acknowledged (Leonard 1). Most video games today involves some type
of way to play with other people, which can help people be more socialized in their community.
Socializing is what helps a person be engage in the world by making friends, finding good jobs to
their particular interests. These people saying video games causes violence needs to understand
that without these video games some people would be unsuccessful.

Third, is that video games provide historical events, scientific value, and literary benefits
that greatly expands a teen agers knowledge. Unlike books or films, gameplay engages players in a
dialogue and gives them the ability to respond emetionally (Greenberg 1). When reading a book or
watching a movie, you still feel emotions from them, but being able to respond as a player in the
game is far more advanced and more limited than what a book or a movie provides emotionally,
especially in violent games. People believe violent video games are bad influences on others and
corrupts people's minds that will make them commit murder or mass shootings because of the guns
and killing in the video game. Critics of violent games cite the studies as further proof that media
violence leads to murder (Kushner 4). The reason mostly why teens commit murder or mass
shootings is cyber bullying on.social media. Social media is what let's cruel people that causes
innocent people do cruel things, even committing suicide, People who are against video games and
assuming this is what causes these terrible actions, are not looking at the benefits of video games.

Video games has shown that it's not just a addictive way to enjoy doing during your free
time, it's a way expand a person's emotions that is used in the game, a person's ability to develop
certain skills that will benefit then in the future, and gaining knowledge from the game itself. There
is downside that video games are addictive and that's why parents complain about video games. If
parents are complaining about this addiction of playing video games then start limiting their kid's
hours of play time. Video games has brought a new way of socially interacting with other people in
the world and has developed a huge community of players across the globe. Being able to talk to
other players in a game that is mainly based on interacting with each other to solve a puzzle or help
each other strategically to win a game against opposing players is what expands a person's social
behavior and knowledge. This is what people are missing about video games, they are what benefits
a person's future. Video games being used as a suspect in mass shootings and murders is wrong
because not noticing other facts that are involved in the situation. Some violent video games
around have had an effect on people and has changed their lives for the better. When playing video
games that involves a storyline, it affects a person's emotions like books and movies, but be able to
make choices that satisfies you gives a person an emotion feeling, unlike books and movies. Video
games is more of a form of art, created by a person that lets he or she create something in their
imagination and that will satisfy the players who will buy it. Video games should be a new way of
helping people thrive in the world not some excuse for violence in our everyday lives.
Video games is Fun but Addictive

The latest debate that is long standing in country today is the big debate does or is video
games harmful to our children. Do they allow our children to become harmful to their selves or
others, there have been studies internationally looking at the ages from nine to nineteen from 2010
to 2017, over 17,000 adolescents found playing video games led to increased physical behavior over
time There were 24 studies done from countries including U.S., Canada, Germany and lapan found
that those who played violent games such as "Grand Theft Auto, " Call of Duty exhibited behavior of
fighting being disrespectful and trouble at school. "Although no single research project is definitive,
our research aims to provide the most current and compelling responses to key criticisms on this
topic, "said Jay Hull. Hull believes that playing violent video games is in association with physical
aggression.

In the context of video games, there is a broad definition of what exactly is a violent video
game Kenneth Lachlan et al. defined video game violence for his research as anything that involves
harming people or objects, and includes eating people as violence. Another definition of a violent
video game "in which intentional harm is done to a character motivated to avoid harm (Violent
Behavior). The video games are becoming more and more accessible and popular as a form as
entertainment to young and old by ways of games, internet access and even on a cell phone.
Lachlan et al. stated that " nearly three fourths of all families surveyed have at least one video game
console, and one third of all children in this age group have a game system in their room. So with
that being said that will children that have a game in their room have at least one violent video
game that is played

Video games have different natures, for example violent video games. These video games
have a disturbing effect and because of this it is very unreal and very different from what happens
in real life. It is for this reason that it is very unlikely that the players could pick up after what they
see and put it into practice in real life. There is not interactivity which in turn deems the games as
less harmful on the players and their behavior is not affected or influenced by the games. It is
possible however that playing such games could lead to the young people developing some
precursors to violence (Li, 50).

This therefore leads to a conclusion that the environment of playing video games will
change the brains adaptability to that situation and there will be an impact on the mind as a result.
When the young people play the games, they are excluded from other things. This creates a new
environment for the mind to function and this has its own effects and in the long run the effects are
on the mind and on the behavior that the young ones will display.
Despite the negative effects that video games have on children, its popularity makes it
difficult for parents to eliminate them from the children's life. However, it is possible to decrease
negative impact that they have on the children through knowing the video games rating that
children play, by not installing in the children's bedroom the video game equipment, setting time
limits of playing video games, monitoring children media consumption as well as the internet use. It
is clear that video games have both negative and positive impacts on young people. It is thus
necessary to take caution and be aware of the effects that these games could hive in the long run
and where possible prevent the negative from impacting on the players. Parents thus have a role to
play and they should be able to understand the pros and the cons that this could have on their
children and make a sound judgment before purchasing any games for them