Visual Art 2 Research Chapter 1
Visual Art 2 Research Chapter 1
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
arts, visual arts, decorative art, applied art and performing arts (Antliff, 2011). One of
the many constituents of Art is Visual Arts, these are tangible works of art such as such
video, filmmaking, and architecture. Any art created through the use of real physical
media is classified as Traditional Art which is one of the basic art forms that is foremost
learned by beginners. One of the first forms of visual arts is Painting which is also
identified as the most popular form of Traditional Art (Agyeman, 2015). It was
introduced and used by many noted artists and craftsmen such as Leonardo da Vinci
(1452 – 1519), Vincent van Gogh (1853 – 1890), Henri Matisse (1869 – 1954), and
many as it demands more time, effort and patience than other art forms. When it comes
to art, the old is thought by some to be of better value than the new (Beckert & Rö ssel,
2013).
Now that the world is experiencing great changes because of technology, a new
medium of art is introduced and is being used by Visual Artists around the world.
Because of this new medium, artists experience a whole new level of thrill and
excitement when creating. This newly introduced medium of visual art called Digital Art
is a technology based art form that quickly became very popular in the market.
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In digital art, artists can paint and draw in their computers and even in their
smartphones. With a software called Photoshop and other applications such as Adobe
Illustrator and MediBang Paint, artists can do things they cannot do when painting
using fundamental materials. Digital Art is also more inexpensive than Traditional Art
because aside from using only a computer to make an illustration, an artist does not
have to buy tubes of paint, paint brushes, canvas and many other tools that an artist will
need when painting. As contemporary criticism and artists' writings show, these new
The two medium are being used by many artists around the globe. Both gave
great impact to the society and to the preservation of art. Both Traditional and Digital
Art are used to invigorate thoughts and emotions. The two produce visually appealing
masterpieces. Although both are similar in many aspects, traditional art is mainly a test
of patience, has no time for errors and requires a surface, some kind of pigment, and an
application tool in order to achieve a result (Bolton, 2013; Janson & Janson, 2004) while
digital art is convenient to the artist because of its features such as shortcuts, redoing
mistakes and has different tools that is easy to use (Conner-ziser, 2017). Digital Art is
made and is currently being developed to imitate an art form that is similar to Painting.
Technology is working on updating the tools to make the textures look more realistic
and pleasing to the eye. This similarity of the two type of Visual Art caused the division
among Visual Artists on their preferred medium. Digital media plays a significant role in
our daily lives in the 21st Century to the point that its use is encouraged by all and even
more so in the educational field. It is essential, therefore, when it comes to the use of
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digital media in art and more especially in painting and art education, that we gain a
deeper understanding of why some do not appreciate the use digital media use in art.
(Agyeman, 2015)
relevant in this study. The theories related to this study is sectioned into four (4) main
parts. The first of these addresses the desire of the artist to continue in creating art,
thus, the creation and discovery leads to innovation. The second part defined
technology and its influence in the lives of the Visual Artists. The third part shows the
importance of the idea or information regardless the medium being used. The last part
of the theoretical framework shows how the digital art is perceived in the artworld.
The Aestheticism Theory started with the idea that “art exists for the sake of
its beauty alone” (Spiegel, 1998). Art attracts the eye first before touching the heart
with its meaning and story. While humans are naturally attracted to what is beautiful
and aesthetically pleasing to the eye which is also why Visual Artists are naturaly
attracted to art. Since artists are creators and lovers of the art, they continue to create
what they love and what pleases them. This theory is relevant in the study as it states
the visual artists’ desire to preserve and continue in creating art, thus, the creation,
The Representation Theory gives the arts a distinctive cognitive role. (Cooper,
1999) It talks about how Artists use different representations to portray different
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emotions and messages in their art. The theory is about artists relaying ideas or giving
information to the audience with the use of nature, innovation and symbolisms to open
our eyes to the world’s perceptual qualities and configurations, to its beauties, ugliness
and horrors. This theory shows that whatever available resources and medium an artist
may use, as long the artist can relay a message to the audience, an artwork is acceptable
as an art.
its effects in its audience, and in terms of its effects on its audience and in terms of the
One of the Pragmatic Theories by Spiegel (1998) is about “Art as a means of enhancing
experience and thought.” which connects the theory to the study. Art is an unending
process of learning and experience which means that Visual Artists can explore
different media to learn about the different sides of art. This theory claims that this
learning, in today’s generation brought art into technology, producing Digital Art that is
The Institutional Theory is about how the art is connected to the “artworld”.
This Artworld is composed of the set of art critics, organizers of exhibitions, owners of
galleries and others with relevant experience and authority. Dickie (1989) claimed that
public” The artworld becomes that totality of frameworks for the presentation of a
work of art by an artist to these people with higher authority. Hepburn (1999) claimed
institution, it is a reality that this institution has set standards and criteria in art pieces
and media. Since Digital Art is the new medium, it is being criticized not just by the
artworld but also by artists and audiences. This theory shows that not all the audiences
agrees that Digital Art is an art since there are less materials being used and the
advantage of using the Ctrl + Z option or Undo is available. Many people considers this
as “cheating” since it can change and erase mistakes that other Visual Art media
couldn’t do. However, Conner-ziser (2017) argues that these features are not a form of
cheating but a form of convenience that artists can use to their advantage. This theory
shows that the art institution is still adjusting to the innovation and development of the
This research is concerned with the analysis on which of Digital Art and
Traditional Art is the most preferred by aspiring Visual Artists among the Senior High
School students of Liceo de Cagayan University in the campus of Paseo del Rio. The
researchers will explain and study as to why artists prefer a certain art media as well as
the factors as to why they most likely prefer the media and will find out which of the
two media is the most commonly used. Therefore, this research will have 40 aspiring
Visual Artists in the vicinity of Liceo de Cagayan University – Paseo del Rio Campus as
This study will be of help to Aspiring Visual Artists. The study’s result in
knowing which of Traditional Art and Digital Art is the most commonly used media will
enable them to be aware on which Visual Art medium is most used and relevant in
today’s generation that will help them understand and know their preferred medium
This study will help Visual Art Teachers who are also learning and exploring art
and what it can possibly offer. This study will give them an idea about the perception of
the youth today about visual arts and their preferred medium as well as the factors as
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to why they prefer such. This may help them understand their students and give them
ideas on how to teach them better as they explore and learn in different media of art.
This study will help Future Researchers. That they may be able to use this study
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Digital Art is an art created or modified using a computer or other digital media.
(Oxford Dictionary)
respond to the user, as opposed to analog media where the subject is oblivious to the
Medium (Plural – Media) refers to the materials that are used to create a work
of art. (www.study.com) Traditional Art and Digital Art are the media that are studied
in this study.
functions. (Merriam Webster) In this study, software is a tool being used in Digital Art.
Traditional Art refers to fine arts that use the old methods for creating artwork,
allowing it the ability to change and adapt according to the medium and viewer, while
at the same time be more resilient than analog media. (Binkley 1997)
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List of References
Traditional Arts VS. Digital Arts by Rafiq Elmansy (November 24, 2018)
http://www.graphicmania.net/traditional-vs-digital-arts/
Digital Vs. Traditional Art – the debate | Twenty – First Century Art and Design by
https://benjaminclancy.com/multimedia/digital-vs-traditional-art-the-debate/
https://www.breathingcolor.com/blog/traditional-vs-digital-painting/
Digital Art versus Traditional Art by Pol Libunao (November 24, 2018)
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140925150350-122792346-digital-art-
versus-traditional-art
The Chicago School of Media Theory by Lauren Tresp (November 24, 2018)
https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/mediatheory/keywords/digital-art/
http://www.rowan.edu/open/philosop/clowney/aesthetics/
philos_artists_onart/plato.htm
The Chicago School of Media Theory by Lauren Tresp (November 25, 2018)
https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/mediatheory/keywords/digital-art/
Wittgenstein, Theory and the Arts by Allen and Turvey (November 25, 2018)
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=srUCmBP98dEC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=+digital+arts+and+tradition
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al+arts+research+study&ots=H-rCG8_1rA&sig=lZYdF-
laPhLCcW6u7dpNJMiirx0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.textetc.com/theory/faithful-representation.html
Handbook of the Arts in Qualitative Research by Knowles and Cole (November 25,
2018)
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=3TiMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155&dq=theories+about+r+arts&source=
bl&ots=ub2KNFtPyi&sig=_U9ds0t_BHgX2ix5NHAF54KmdaE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0
ahUKEwiti_2jlo3WAhUJX5QKHcPgBtkQ6AEIUzAF#v=onepage&q=Art%20is%20a
%20language&f=false