ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank the Almighty God for the embodiment of wisdom, intelligence and understanding that
have been enveloped in his mercy, grace and favor through my duration at my SIWES. It is
nobody but God that has brought me thus far.

I want to appreciate my SIWES placement supervisors Mrs. Taiwo and Mrs. Olalekan for
their unweaving love, care and encouragement during my training period and also for
impacting so much into me, may Almighty God bless you abundantly.

I acknowledge the contribution of all my lecturers for their advices, words of

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 CERTIFICATION

I certify that this report was written by OLOWOYO TOBILOBA, with Matric number
1808005162, in the Industrial Chemistry Unit of the Faculty of Science, Ekiti state university,
Ado-ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria.

Olowoyo Tobiloba

Student Name and Signature. Date

(Supervisor Name and Signature) Date

Prof J. O. Awoleba

(HOD Name and Signature)

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................ii
ORGANOGRAM OF EKITI STATE WATER CORPORATION.......................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.....................................................................................................iv
CERTIFICATION..................................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENT.........................................................................................................vi
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................viii
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction.................................................................................................................1
1.1. Background of industrial training fund (ITF)......................................................1
1.2. Aim and objectives of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)...3
1.3. Factors affecting SIWES......................................................................................4
1.4. Benefits of SIWES...............................................................................................6

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Brief history of Ekiti State Water Corporation..........................................................7
2.1 Structure of operation in Ekiti State Water Corporation..................................11
2.2 Departments in Ekiti State Water Corporation.................................................11
2.3 Introduction to Quality Control Laboratory......................................................11
2.4 Equipment in Quality Control Laboratory and their uses.................................12
2.5 Rules and precautions in Quality Control Laboratory......................................25

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Sources of raw water..................................................................................................25
3.1 Introduction to chemistry of raw water....................................................................27
3.2 Diseases associated with water..................................................................................29
3.3 The Treatment, Purification and Production of raw water........................................30
3.4 Seven water treatment stages.....................................................................................31
3.4.1 Aeration.....................................................................................................31

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 3.4.2 Coagulation...............................................................................................33
3.4.2.1 Advantages of using Al2(SO4)3 over other coagulants...........34
3.4.2.2 Advantages of using CaOH over other coagulant aids.............34
3.4.2.3 Chemistry behind coagulation..................................................36
3.4.2.4 Detention and retention time......................................................36
3.4.2.5 Factors that determine the rate of coagulation...........................36
3.4.3 Flocculation...............................................................................................37
3.4.4 Sedimentation............................................................................................39
3.4.5 Filtration....................................................................................................41
3.4.5.1 Types of filtration.......................................................................41
3.4.5.2 Types of filters..................................41
3.4.5.3 Component of filters (gravitational filters)...............................41
3.4.5.4 Backwashing and upwashing.....................................................42
3.4.5.5 Recharging.................................................................................43
3.4.6 Disinfection...............................................................................................43
3.4.7 pH correction.............................................................................................43

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Quality control and quality assurance, storage and distribution of treated water.....45
4.1 Types of test in quality control...................................................................................45
4.1.1 Physical control/ test/ parameters/ analysis...............................................45
4.1.2 Chemical control/ test/ parameters/ analysis.............................................48
4.1.3 Biological control/ test/ parameters/ analysis............................................51
4.1.4 Routine test................................................................................................51
4.1.5 Non routine test.........................................................................................51
4.2 Storage and distribution of treated water.................................................................52

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and recommendation..............................................................................55

CHAPTER SIX

6.0 References..................................................................................................................56

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Substances present in water...............................................................................28

Table 2: Physical Parameters...........................................................................................47

Table 3: Chemical Parameters.........................................................................................50

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Ureje dam....................................................................................................10

Figure 2: A Turbidity meter.........................................................................................13

Figure 3: A pH/ conductivity/ TDS/ thermometer......................................................14

Figure 4: A multiparameter photometer......................................................................16

Figure 5: A HeaSterilizer...

Figure 6: A Deionizer..................................................................................................18

Figure 7: A Weighing Balance....................................................................................19

Figure 8: A working process of a Distiller..................................................................21

Figure 9: A distiller.....................................................................................................22

Figure 10: Delagua water testing kit...........................................................................24

Figure 11: The Coagulation Process...........................................................................35

Figure 12: The Flocculation Process..........................................................................38

Figure 13: The Sedimentation Chamber....................................................................40

Figure 14: A potable water reservoir.........................................................................54

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