Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

8
SCIENCE
Quarter 3 - Module 6
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
(Subatomic Particles and Atomic Notation)

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Science- Grade 8
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Quarter 3 - Module 6: Atomic Structure (Sub-Atomic Particles and Atomic Notation)
First Edition, 2021
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included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate
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do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Myra Ann M. Alforque

Editor: Julito R. Totao
Reviewers: Julito R. Totao, Zyhrine P. Mayormita
Layout Artist: Julito R. Totao, Chris Raymund M. Bermudo
Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr. - Schools Division Superintendent
Lourma I. Poculan - Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Amelinda D. Montero - Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Nur N. Hussien - Chief Education Supervisor, SGOD
Ronillo S. Yarag - Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
Zyhrine P. Mayormita - Education Program Supervisor, Science
Leo Martinno O. Alejo - Project Development Officer II, LRMS
Janette A. Zamoras - Public Schools District Supervisor
Adrian G. Refugio - School Principal, Zamboanga del Norte NHS

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region IX – Dipolog City Schools Division

Office Address: Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog City

Zamboanga del Norte, 7100
Telefax: (065) 212-6986 and (065) 212-5818
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

In this module, you will learn more about the subatomic particles- protons, electrons and
neutrons. After going through the contents of this module you will be able to:

1. Determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in a particular atom.

(S8MT-IIIe-f-10)

What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned that the atom is the smallest unit of matter that
has the characteristics and properties of a chemical element. The atom consists of three subatomic
particles: the protons, neutrons, and electrons. A proton has a +1 electrical charge (1 unit of
positive charge). The protons are found in the center of the atom, called the nucleus. The number
of protons in an atom is defined as the atomic number (symbol Z) of the atom, which is never
changed by chemical reactions. A neutron has an electrical charge of zero. Neutrons are also
located in the nucleus of an atom, along with the protons. They have very little influence on the
chemical behavior of the atom. An electron has a -1 electrical charge. Electrons are found outside
the nucleus of an atom in regions of space called orbitals. Electrons are gained or lost during
chemical reactions. Let’s try to recall further about the location of the subatomic particles in an
atom.

Activity 1: Where Am I in the Atom?

Direction: Locate and name the sub-atomic particles using the given model below.
Use the following symbols:

Proton- (+) Neutron- 0 Electron- (-) Nucleus- N

1
 What’s New

The table below shows the relationship between the mass number of an atom, its atomic
number, and the number of subatomic particles - protons, electrons, and neutrons.

Name of Chemical Atomic Mass Number Number of Number

Element Symbol No. No. of electrons of
protons neutrons
Calcium Ca 20 40 20 20 20
Zinc Zn 30 65 30 30 35
Silver Ag 47 107 47 47 60

The highlighted (bold) data of the table indicate that the atomic number, the number of
protons, and the number of electrons are the same (equal) for an atom of a given element.
Would it be TRUE for all of the elements in the periodic table?

What is It
A particular atom of a given element has a specific number of protons, electrons and
neutrons. How can you determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in an atom?
The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the atomic number (Z). The
number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons. The mass number
of the atom (M) is equal to the sum of the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
This can be summarized in the following.

Remember!

Atomic Number = Number of Protons = Number of Electrons

Mass Number = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons
Number of Electrons = Number of Protons ( for a neutral atom)
Number of Protons = Atomic Number = Number of Electrons

Using the information given, let us do the next activity.

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 Activity 2A: How many are we?
Direction: Supply the missing information using the given atomic number and mass
number for each element.

1. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does the Calcium atom have?

Name of element Calcium

Atomic number 20
Mass Number 40
Number of protons ____________________
Number of neutrons ____________________
Number of electrons ____________________

2. How many protons, electrons and neutrons are in the Phosphorus atom?

Name Phosphorus
Atomic number 15
Mass Number 31
Number of protons __________________
Number of neutrons __________________
Number of electrons __________________

Atomic Notation

An alternative way of writing out the information about the number of subatomic
particles is called atomic notation. In the atomic notation, the atomic number (proton number) is
usually on the bottom left of the chemical symbol of the element. The mass number is on the top
left of the symbol.

Activity 2B.
Direction: Determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons for the atoms of Magnesium,
Rubidium, Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen using the diagram below.

Mass number
Chemical symbol of
the element
Atomic number

Note: number of neutron= mass number – number of proton

1.

Number of protons ____________________

Number of neutrons ____________________
Number of electrons ____________________

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 2.

Number of protons ____________________

Number of neutrons ____________________
Number of electrons ____________________

3.

Number of protons ____________________

Number of neutrons ____________________
Number of electrons ____________________
4.

Number of protons ____________________

Number of neutrons ____________________
Number of electrons ____________________

5.

Number of protons ____________________

Number of neutrons ____________________
Number of electrons ____________________

What’s More
To enhance your understanding in determining the number of
protons, electrons, and neutrons, do Activity 3 by filling in the correct answer on the
blank spaces in the table.
Activity 3: Fill Me In
Atomic Mass Number Number Number
Name of Chemical
no. no. of of of
Element Symbol
(Z) (M) electrons neutrons protons
1. 2. 3.
Carbon C 12 6
____ _____ ______
4. 5. 6.
Chlorine Cl 17 18
_____ _____ _____
7. 8. 9.
Strontium Sr 38 88
_____ _____ _____
10. 11. 12.
Silver Ag 108 47
_____ _____ _____
13. 14. 15.
Zinc Zn 30 35
_____ _____ ____

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 What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Count Me In
A. Complete the statement by supplying the correct number or term.

1. If a Sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons, its atomic number is (1) _____.
2. A Potassium atom with a mass number of 39 and an atomic number of 19 loses one electron
during ionization. Its number of protons is (2) _____ and its number of electrons is
(3)________.
3. If an atom has 9 protons, 9 electrons and 9 neutrons, its atomic number is (4) ______and
mass number is (5)________.
4. The (6)________ identifies the number of protons and the number of electrons for an atom
that is neutral.
5. The (7)________ is equal to the number of protons and neutrons since both are located in
the nucleus.

B. Fill in the missing data below to complete the table.

Atomic Number of Number of Number of Mass

Element
Number protons electrons neutrons Number
Symbol
H 1 1._________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.______

Ca 5.______ 6.________ 20 7.________ 8.______

Si 9._______ 14 10.______ 11._______ 12.______

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 What I Can Do

Activity 5: Guess Who!

Direction: Write the name of the element (or its symbol) inside the star, given the
number of subatomic particles. Refer to the periodic table of elements.

1. ___ 2. ___

I have 6 electrons, I have 13 electrons,

6 protons, and 13 protons, and
6 neutrons. 14 neutrons.
Who am I? Who am I?

3. ___

I have 92 electrons,
92 protons, and
146 neutrons.
Who am I?

4. ___ 5. ___

I have 17 electrons, I have 24 electrons,

17 protons, and 24 protons, and
18 neutrons. 28 neutrons.
Who am I? Who am I?

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The Periodic Table of Elements

Source: https://ptable.com/#Properties

7
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on the
space provided before the number.

_____1. Which of the following are the two subatomic particles found inside the
nucleus of an atom?
a. Electrons and neutrons
b. Protons and neutrons
c. Electrons and protons
d. Neutrons and nucleus

______2. An atom has 10 protons, 15 neutrons, and 10 electrons. What will be its
mass number?
a. 20
b. 10
C. 5
D. 25

_____3. If an atom has 12 protons, how many electrons must be present outside its
nucleus so that the atom remains neutral?
a. 11 electrons
b. 12 electrons
c. 14 electrons
d. 15 electrons

______4. The atom of an element is described using the following data: Z=19 and
M=40. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the atom?
a. It has 19 electrons and 20 neutrons
b. It has 19 protons and 19 neutrons
c. It has 21 electrons and 19 protons
d. It has 19 protons and 21 neutrons

_____5. An atom has an atomic number 17 and a mass number 35. Which of the
following statements is TRUE about the atom?

a. The atom has 17 protons and 17 neutrons

b. The atom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons
c. The atom has 17 electrons and 18 protons
d. The atom has 18 electrons and 17 neutrons

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_____6. Which of the following pairs of atom-X has the same number of neutrons?

a. 32 30
X and X
16 16

b. 16 25
X and X
8 18

c. 30 30
X and X
15 25

d. 18 30
X and X
7 19

_____7. Which subatomic particles contributes the most to the mass of an atom?

a. Protons only
b. Electrons and protons
c. Neutrons and protons
d. Electrons only

_____8. Which of the following identifies an element?

a. The number of protons

b. The number of neutrons
c. Sum of protons and neutrons
d. All of them

_____9. The atomic number of a Magnesium atom is 12. Its mass number is 24.
How many neutrons are there in the Magnesium atom?

a. 12
b. 10
c. 36
d. 24

_____10.What subatomic particles of a neutral atom are directly associated with

its atomic number?

a. Neutrons
b. Protons and electrons
c. Protons and neutrons
d. Atomic mass

9
 ______11. In a neutral atom, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?

a. Protons and neutrons

b. Subatomic particles are equal in number
c. Neutrons and electrons
d. Protons and electrons

______12. 39
K
19
11

Based on the diagram, how many neutrons are in the K-atom?

a. 29
b. 19
c. 58
d. 20

_____ 13. Which of the following subatomic particles is neutral?

a. Negatron
b. Electron
c. Neutron
d. Proton

______14. 20.18
Ne
10
10
Based on the diagram, what is the atomic mass of this Neon atom?

a. 10
b. 25
c. 30.18
d. 20.18

_____15. 63
Cu
29

Based on the diagram, which of the following is the correct number of

electrons of a neutral Copper atom?

a. 63
b. 29
c. 92
d. 34

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 Additional Activities

Analyze the data on the table and answer the questions below.

Atom A B C D E F

No. Of
electrons 6 6 6 7 8 7

No. Of
neutrons 6 7 8 7 6 8

No. Of
protons 6 6 6 7 8 7

1. Which atoms have the same mass number? (3 answers)

2. Which atom/s have the atomic number of 7? (2 answers)
3. What is the atomic number of atom B?
4. What is the mass number of atom D?
5. How many neutrons are there in atom F?

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Answer Key Gr8 Q3 Module 6

12
References
Printed

DepEd. Science 9 Learner’s Material.2014.

Electronic Sources

“Atomic Structure”. Retrieved from

https://education.jlab.org/qa/pen_number.html

“Determining Protons, Neutrons and Electrons”. Retrieved from

http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/AtomicStructure/protneuele.htm

“Structure of an Atom”. Retrieved from

http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch6/index.php#
:~:text=The%20number%20of%20protons%2C%20neutrons,to%20the%20nu
mber%20of%20protons. “Light Dependent Reaction”. Retrieved from
level/topic-8-metabolism-cell/untitled-2/light-dependent-reactions

13
 Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden Land
Here the trees and flowers bloom Gallant men And Ladies fair Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos, Ilongos,
Here the breezes gently Blow, Linger with love and care All of them are proud and true
Here the birds sing Merrily, Golden beams of sunrise and sunset Region IX our Eden Land
The liberty forever Stays, Are visions you’ll never forget
Oh! That’s Region IX Region IX
Our..
Here the Badjaos roam the seas Hardworking people Abound, Eden...
Here the Samals live in peace Every valleys and Dale Land...
Here the Tausogs thrive so free Zamboangueños, Tagalogs, Bicolanos,
With the Yakans in unity

My Final Farewell
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!, And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best, Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost. From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.

On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight, Pray for all those that hapless have died,
Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed; For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white, For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight, For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need. And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain

I die just when I see the dawn break, An d when t he d ar k night wr a p s t he gr av eyar d ar o un d
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day; Wit h only t he de a d in t heir v igil t o se e
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take, Br ea k n ot my r e p os e or t he m yst er y pr of o un d
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake An d p er ch anc e t ho u m ayst he ar a sa d hy mn r es o un d
To dye with its crimson the waking ray. 'T i s I, O m y c ou nt r y, r aising a s ong unt o t hee.

My dreams, when life first opened to me, An d ev en my gr av e i s r em em ber ed n o m or e

My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high, Unmar k' d by nev er a cr os s nor a st on e
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea Let t he pl ow sw ee p t hr o ugh it , t he s p ad e t ur n it o 'er
From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free; That m y ash es m ay c ar p et ear t hly f l oor ,
No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye. Bef or e int o not hi ngne ss at l ast t hey ar e bl own.

Dream of my life, my living and burning desire, The n will o bliv i on br in g t o m e no car e
All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight; As ov er t hy v ales an d plai ns I swe ep;
All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ; Thr o b bing an d cle ans e d in t hy s pac e an d air
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire; Wit h col or an d light , wit h s ong an d l ame nt I f ar e,
And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night. Ev er r e pe at ing t he f ait h t hat I ke ep.

If over my grave some day thou seest grow, My F at her lan d a d or ' d, t hat s adn es s t o m y s or r ow le n ds
In the grassy sod, a humble flower, Bel ov e d Fili pin as, h ear no w my la st go o d - by!
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so, I giv e t hee all: par ent s an d kin dr e d an d f r ien ds
While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below For I g o wher e no slav e bef o r e t he op pr ess or ben ds,
The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power. Wher e f ait h c an nev er k ill, an d G o d r eign s e' er on hi gh!

Let the moon beam over me soft and serene, Far ew ell t o y o u all, f r o m my s o ul t or n a way,
Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes, Fr ien ds of my chi ldh o o d in t he h om e di s po ss es se d!
Let the wind with sad lament over me keen ; Giv e t han ks t hat I r est f r om t h e wear i so me da y!
And if on my cross a bird should be seen, Far ew ell t o t hee, t o o, swe et f r ien d t hat lig ht ene d my way;
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes. Bel ov e d cr e at ur es al l, f ar ewell ! In d eat h t her e is r est !

I Am a Filipino, by Carlos P. Romulo

I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The
future. As such I must prove equal to a two-fold task–the task of East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance,
meeting my responsibility to the past, and the task of performing was my mother, and my sire was the West that came thundering
my obligation to the future. across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of
I sprung from a hardy race, child many generations removed of the East, an eager participant in its spirit, and in its struggles for
ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries the memory comes liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I also know that the East
rushing back to me: of brown-skinned men putting out to sea in must awake from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has
ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout. Over the sea I see bound his limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.
them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling wind, I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall I give
carried upon the mighty swell of hope–hope in the free abundance that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I shall give the pledge
of new land that was to be their home and their children’s forever. that has come ringing down the corridors of the centuries, and it
I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes–seed shall be compounded of the joyous cries of my Malayan forebears
that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance. when first they saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes,
In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that sent Lapulapu to of the battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat from
battle against the first invader of this land, that nerved Lakandula Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they sing:
in the combat against the alien foe, that drove Diego Silang and “I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom
Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor. shall have been added unto my inheritance—for myself and my
The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my children and my children’s children—forever.”
manhood, the symbol of dignity as a human being. Like the seeds
that were once buried in the tomb of Tutankhamen many thousand
years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the
insignia of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the
unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.

14