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1. bhrata -> brođar; bala -> pol; granum -> kaurn are examples of ...
A. Grimm's law
B. Werner's law
C. velar mutation
D. Big shift of vowels
2. Pater -> Fadar is an example of...

A. Grimm's Law
B. Great Vowel Shift
C. Werner's Law
D. Velar Mutation
3. How many cases did the Old English strong adjective have?
A. three
B. six
C. four
D. five
4. Semantic word formation in OE is the … extension of the meaning of a word

poetic
metonymic and metaphorical
metaphoric
metonymic
5. Old English had ... adjective declensions

A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
6. The verbs in OE were divided into the following groups:

A. strong, weak, preterite-present + suppletive
B. strong + weak
C. Stong, weak + suppletive
D. strong, pliable
7. There were ... classes of OE weak verbs
A. 3
B. 4
C.2
8. There were … verbs in OE listed as irregular

A. 2- beon, gan
B. 3 - beon, gan, don
C. 5 - beon, gan, don, vilan, vitan
D. 4- beon, gan, don, willan
9. The internal way(s) of enriching the vocabulary in OE is(are):

A. morphological, syntactic and semantic
B. morphological
C. syntactic
D. syntactic and semantic
10. It is traditionally considered that the ME period begins with the year ...
A. 998
B. 1147
C. 1066
D. 1044
11. What is the main principal grammatical means used in the form building for strong Old English
verbs?
A. suppletive forms
B. suffixation
C. vowel gradation
12. What linguistic law can explain the appearance and development of voiceless fricatives in Old
English?
A. Grimm's law
B. Werner's law
C. Large shift of vowels
D. Holtzman's law
13. What phonetic process in the Old English period could explain the following change of a
simple short vowel into a short diphthong in herte > heorte (modE: heart)?
A. breaking
B. diphthongization
C. velar mutation
14. What principle is used for the division for the Old English nouns into certain declensions?
A. suffix
B. stem
C. ending
D. gender
15. The Old English period is the period from the ... up to ... century.
A. 5th to 7th
B. 5th to 11th
C. 5th to 9th
D. 5th to 6th
16. -ness; -ing; -dom; -hood; -less are ... suffixes:

native
proper
borrowed
semi-borrowed
17. Adios, bronco, buenos dias, hasta la vista are...:
A. Turkish
B. Spanish
C. Italian
D. Portuguese
18. After-thought, half-baked, chairman, well-known, himself are examples of ...

A. bound root morphemes
B. free morphemes
C. bound morphemes
D. semi-bound morphemes
19. Aloha, haole, kahuna, kanaka are examples from:

A. Hebrew
B. Indian
C. Sanskrit
D Hawaiian
20. Aron, cabala, ben, Hasid, Torah, shalom are from:

Hebrew
Arabic
German
Egyptian
21. Avon, Exe, Esk, druid, bard, cradle are of ... origin:
Celtic
Latin
Scandinavian
Greek
22. Cherry, plum, beet, pepper, plant, cup, mill and port originate from:
A. German
B. Latin
C. French
23. Coffee, aga, chibouk, kilim, serai, yashmak are from:
A. Egyptian
B. Arabic
C. Spanish
D. Turkish
24. Orange, candy, bahadur, bharat, guru, sari come from:

Hindi
Sanskrit
Italy
Spain
25. A stem is a part of a word which is…in all the forms of its paragigm.
A. changed
B. half-changed
C. unchanged
26. According to the structure of their ICs scholars distinguish... compounds:

A. proper and non-proper
B. proper and derivational
C. proper and clipped
D. simple and derived
27. Compounding is the type of word formation in which new words are produced by:
A. contracting
B. changing the category of a part of a speech
C. combining two or more stems
D. adding affix
28. Derivatives consist of:

A. a root and an affix
B. a root
C. a root + a prefix
29. Morpheme is the smallest … unit
A. sound
B. indivisible
C. divisible
30. Positional variants of a morpheme are called:

A. allosemes
B. allomorphs
C. allomemes
D. allophones
31. Semasiology studies:

A. word structure
B. word shape
C. word meaning
D. word groups
32. Stems that contain … are derived stems.

A. one or more affixes
B. prefixes
C. suffixes
D. one affix
33. The modern approach to word studies is based on distinguishing between … structures of
words:
A. center/periphery
B. external/internal
C. extralinguistic/intralinguistic
D. inner/outer
34. The native element includes:
A. Indo-European/Scandinavian/French
B. Celtic/Latin/English proper
C. Indo-European/Germanic/Latin
D. Indo-European/Germanic/English proper
35. These affixes –th, -ly, -some, -en, -ous are:

Semi-productive
Nonproductive
Highly-productive
36. Ann cooked lunch, John watched TV, Pete played gold. What SD is used here?
A. repetition
B. tautology
C. parallel constructions
D. parceling
37. She dropped a tear and her bag; ..got out of bed and low spirits – are examples of
A. anticlimax
B. climax
C. pun
D. zeugma
38. White gold; my better half; people in white gowns serve as examples for:
A. synecdoche
B. metonymy
C. litotes
D. periphrasis
39. According to their structure metaphors can be…

A. extended
B. simple and prolonged
C. prolonged
D. single
40. Analyze the following cases. Indicate what SDs are used:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times
A. paradox
B. gradation
C. antithesis
D. oxymoron
41. Analyze the following cases. Indicate what SDs are used:
Sara was a menace and a tonic, my best enemy
A. paradox
B. gradation
C. antithesis
D. oxymoron
42. Another term for climax is:

A. increase
B. gradation
C. pun
D. climbing
43. Another term for meiosis is:

A. replacer
B. simile
C. trope
D. understatement
44.I’ve told you 40 times; I was scared to death – are examples of…
A. understatement
B. meiosis
C. hyperbole
D. litotes
45. Identify a stylistic device in the examples:
The whole city will welcome this grant; the bench has decreed that the case be dismissed
A. hyperbole
B. metonymy
C. paradox
D. metaphor
46. In this SD each subsequent component increases importance or emotional tension of narration.
It’s:
A. anticlimax
B. climax
C. pun
D. zeugma
47. Indicate what SD is used:

“This man smokes like a chimney”
A. comparison
B. simile
C. metaphor
D. hyperbole
48. It was a cat-size pony; I can do it in a second. These are examples of:
Meiosis
49. Metonymy can be classified into

A. stylistic
B. lexical and contextual
C. lexical
D. contextual
50. The process of intentional splitting of sentences into smaller parts is called:
Asyndeton
Aposiopesis
Repetition
Parcelling
51.This SD expresses an idea by means of negation the opposite idea. What is it?
A. meiosis
B. hyperbole
C. irony
D. litotes
52. What is the communicative function of meiosis?

A. affective
B. communicative
C. informative
D. expressive
53. What SDs are underlined?

“John is a real Romeo”; “Sam is the Napoleon of crime”
A. metaphor
B. euphemism
C. amtonomasia
D. metonymy
54. What specific types of sound instrumentation are observed in the examples?
Sellybrated, sexyouall liberty, kidder
A. assonance
B. graphon
55. The sentence: Coffee or tea, please? Is an example of
A. relative generalization
B. semantic absence of the article
C. absolute generalization
D. referential generalization
E. indefinite generalization
56. Choose the examples of mood-auxiliaries

A. should, would
B. may, must
C. shall, will
57. Identify the characteristics of the Phrase

A. stress normally falls on the rightmost word
B. is a dependent syntactic unit
C. usually of NP VP structure
D. generally resists interruption
E. has intonation of its own
F. can undergo grammatical changes without destroying the identity of the whole unit
G. the number of constituents corresponds to the number of different denotations
58. A compound denoting a subtype of a category which isn’t mentioned within the compound is
called
A. appositional
B. exocentric
C. endocentric
59.Which of the below mentioned are grammatical categories?
A. tense
B. word-order
C. aspect
D. arrangement
E. selection
F. finitude
G. form
H. case
I. clause
J. phoneme
60.Which of the below are grammatical processes?

A. word-order
B. selection
C. finitude
D. intonation
E. clause
F. phoneme
G. tense
H. form
I. arrangement
J. aspect
61.Which of the below mentioned are grammatical units?
A. form
B. selection
C. word-order
D. case
E. intonation
F. aspect
G. finitude
H. arrangement
I. clause
J. phoneme
62. Choose the properties of inflectional morphemes

A. are often not productive or regular in form or meaning
B. typically occur inside any inflectional affixes
C. do not change basic syntactic category
D. may appear either as prefixes or suffixes
E. express grammatically-required features or indicate relations between different words in the
sentence
63. The two subclasses of uncountable nouns are usually referred to, respectively, as
A. countable nouns and uncountable nouns
B. common singular and common plural
C. singularia tantum amd pluralia tantum
64. Prepositions serve

A. to indicate the degree of some quality
B. to signal emotions
C. to express thingness
D. to express the relations between words in a sentence
65. Category of number of pronouns this/these, that/those, other/others is represented
A. syntactically
B. morphologically
C. grammatically
D. semantically
66. Identify the type of the subordinate clause in the sentence: Anyone hoping to get on the boat
should have a ticket.
A. Noun Clause
B. Adverbial Clause
C. Adjective Clause
D. Reduced Adverbial
E. Reduced Relative
67.The process of determination of the entities to be used in any syntactic or morphological

construction is called
A. selection
B. distribution
C. substitution
D. arrangement
E. coordination
68. What is the type of the following morpheme: byte

A. affix
B. free morpheme
C. bound morpheme
D. open-class morpheme
69. Identify the type of the Subordinate Clause in the following sentence: Many believe that he a
great grammarian.
A. Reduced Adverbial
B. Adverbial Clause
C. Reduced Relative
D. Noun Clause
70. Identify the type of the Subordinate Clause in the following sentence: If you understand this,
you will be able to do exercises.
A. Reduced Adverbial
B. Adverbial Clause
C. Reduced Relative
D. Noun Clause
E. Adjective Clause
71. What type of word group is [run fast]?

A. Coordinate
B. Subordinative
C. Predicative
D. Expanded
E. Extended
F. Simple
72. What type of word-group is the following: [run extremely fast]?
A. Coordinate
B. Subordinative
C. Predicative
D. Expanded
E. Extended
F. Simple
73. An approach that goes beyond the study of individual languages, and determines what
constructs are needed in order to do any kind of grammatical analysis, and how these can be applied
consistently in the investigation of linguistic universals, is called
A. Prescriptive grammar
B. Pedagical grammar
C. Descriptive grammar
D. Theoretical grammar
74. Choose the functions typical of the non-finite verbs?
A. Adverbial modifier
B. Object
C. Syntactic subject
D. Attributive
E. Predicative
75. Choose the right order of the rhythmical organization of English prose.
A. a phonopassage - a phrase - an intonation group - a rhythmical group
B. a phrase a phonopassage an intonation group - a rhythmical group
C. an intonation group a phonopassage - a rhythmical group - a phrase
D. a rhythmical group - an intonation group - a phrase - a phonopassage
76. The type of transcription that is used in studying English as major is called
A. Phonetic
B. Phonemic
C. Allophonic
77. Intonation group having a number of syllables consists of various parts. This part is the last
stressed syllable in which the pitch movement changes. It is usually of a highest importance: it is
on this syllable that the whole pitch pattern centres. It determines the semantic value of the
intonation group, and indicates the communicative centre of the intonation group or of the whole
sentence.
A. the pre-head
B. the head
C. the tail
D. the nucleus
78. The point of this theory of syllabic structure of the word is that in most languages there is a
syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel phoneme or, in some
languages, a sonorant. The phonemes preceding or following the syllable peak are called marginal.
The energy, which is the tension of articulation, increases within the range of prevocalic
consonants and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. Therefore, the syllable
can be defined as an arc of articulatory tension.
A. Loudness theory
B. Muscular tension theory
C. Expiratory theory
D. Sonority theory
79. This branch of phonetics is concerned with the study of sound as a result of the activities of
speech organs. It deals with our voice-production mechanism, and the way we produce sounds,
and prosodic phenomena. It studies respiration, phonation (voice-production), articulation and also
the mental processes necessary for the mastery of a phonetic system.
A. General
B. Auditory
C. Articulatory
D. Acustic
E. Special
80. Which is English type of rhythm?

A. Syllable-timed rhythm
B. Stress-timed rhythm
C. Word-timed rhythm
81. Which is the most common type of syllable in English?

A. V
B. Cv
C. Vc
D. Cvc
82. Which is the place of secondary stress?
A. Between the primary and tertiary
B. Before primary
C. After the primary
83. Which of the characteristics mentioned before is odd to the description of the constrictive
consonant?
A. Medial sonorant
B. Plosive
C. Fricative
D. Lateral sonorant
84. Which of the following organs of speech doesn’t belong to the roof of the mouth?
A. The hard palate
B. The windpipe
C. The uvula
D. The alveoli
85. Which of the head patterns is used for normal speech?

A. Descending scandent
B. Descending sliding
C. Descending stepping
86. Which of the mentioned below features of a consonant is considered irrelevant?

A. Aspirated
B. Bilabial
C. Occlusive
D. Fortis
87. Word stress is the singling out of one or more syllables in the word which is accompanied by
the change of the force of utterance, pitch of the voice, qualitative and quantitative characteristics
of the sound. In different languages one of the factors constituting the word stress is usually more
significant then the others. English word stress is of a complex nature. It is:
A. dynamic, quantitative, qualitative
B. quantitative, qualitative, dynamic
C. dynamic, ualitative, quantitative
D. dynamic, musical, qualitative
88. It is considered to be the main variant of literary pronunciation in Great Britain. Its advantages
are that it is easily understood in every part where English is spoken and it is understood more than
any other variant. It is mostly heard in everyday speech of educated people, at English theatres and
on the radio.
A. Northern English
B. Southern English
C. Scottish English
D. American English
89. Which form of adjective lost all the endings in Middle English?
A. Strong plural
B. Strong singular
C. Weak singular
D. Weak plural
90. What case forms of nouns survived in Middle English after leveling of endings?
A. Nominative and Dative
B. Nominative and Genitive
C. Nominative and Accusative
D. Nominative and Instrumental
91. There are … approaches to division of English.
A. In terms of works of writing
B. Historical
C. All variants are correct
D. By specific features of phonology
92. What kind of change in the Middle English phonology could be called the most fundamental
one?
A. Leveling of vowels in unstressed syllables
B. Creation of new diphthong
C. Monophthongization
D. The fixed stress on the second syllable
93. What type of verbs in the Middle English became greater in number and continued to grow?
A. Strong
B. Weak
C. Irregular
94. From the point of view of total translation it is better to speak of:
A. Translatability culture
B. Culture translatability
C. Semiosphere translatability
D. Expression plane translatability
95. Numerals in ME…

A. Had the category of gender
B. Lost the category of gender
C. Declined
D. No longer decline
96. In the ME a new part of speech appeared. It was…

A. The Article
B. Particle
C. Pronoun
97. What new type of vowels appeared in the result of the Great Vowel Shift?
A. Short diphthongs
B. Shwa sounds
C. Long diphthongs
D. None
98. What is completely new phenomenon in the Early New English word-formation?
A. Compounding
B. Derivation
C. Conversion
D. Semantic word building
99. The Early New English became more specialized in

A. Meaning
B. Grammar
C. Form
D. Form and meaning
100. Nouns in Early New English … the category of gender

A. Partly preserved
B. Lost
C. Partly lost
D. Preserved
1) Figures of Quantity – Hyperbole, Meiosis, Litotes
2) Figures of Quality – Metonymy (Synecdoche, periphrasis, euphemism), Metaphor (Epithet, antonomasia,
personification), Irony,
3) Figures of combination =
a. Figures of identity ( Simile, Synonyms)
b. Figures of contrast ( Oxymoron, Antithesis)
c. Figures of inequality ( Climax, Anticlimax, Zeugma, Pun)
4) Syntactic Stylistic devices =
 Reduction of the sentence model ( ellipsis, nominative sentence, aposiopesis, asyndeton, parceling)
 Extension of the sentence model ( Repetition, Enumeration, tautology, polysyndeton, Parallel
constructions)
 Change of word order ( Inversion, Detachment)
 Transposition of sentence meaning ( Rhetoric question)
Question 1
This approach deals with the matching of thesauruses.
Виберіть одну відповідь
A. demonstrative
B. denotative
C. connotative
D. communicational
Question 2
What grammatical category is expressed by the following opposition: to open – to be opened?
A. number
B. voice
C. tense
D. aspect
Question 3
Which form of adjective lost all the endings in Middle English?

A. weak singular
B. strong plural
C. weak plural
D. strong singular
Question 4
What is the principal grammatical means used in the form building for strong Old English verbs?
Виберіть одну віповідь
A. stem change
B. suppletive forms
C. vowel gradation
D. suffixation
Question 5
How many cases did the Old English strong adjective have?
A. four
B. six
C. three
D. five
Question 6
Arrange the following characteristics in the order they should be taken into consideration while determining the type of
equivalence in translation: I. method of description of the situation; II. word semantics; III. syntactic meanings; IV.
purport of communication; V. indication of the situation:
A. I, III, IV, II, V

B. IV, II, V, I, III
C. II, V, I, III, IV
D. IV, V, I, III, II
Question 7
This approach quite convincingly suggests that in any language there are certain syntactic, morphological and word-
building structures that may be successfully matched with their analogies in another language during translation. This
approach forms the basis of machine translation design and almost any electronic translator uses the principle of
matching forms of the languages involved in translation.
A. connotative
B. transformational
C. denotative
D. communicational
Question 8
What phonetic stylistic device is used in the sentence – The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain.
A. onomatopoeia
B. alliteration
C. litotes
D. assonance
Question 9
Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative are types of sentences according to
A. actual division of sentence
B. structure
C. types of communication
D. nominative division of sentence
Question 10
Such affixes as: -er; -ing; -ness; -ism; -ist; -ance are
A. verb-forming suffixes
B. adjective-forming suffixes
C. noun-forming prefixes
D. noun-forming suffixes
Question 11
English word stress is of a complex nature. It is:
A. dynamic, musical, qualitative
B. quantitative, qualitative, dynamic
C. dynamic, qualitative, quantitative
D. dynamic, quantitative, qualitative
Question 12
What linguistic law can explain the appearance and development of voiceless fricatives in Old English?
A. Verner’s Law
B. Golzmann’s Law
C. Great Vowel Shift
D. Grimm’s Law
Question 13
What kind of change in the Middle English phonology could be called the most fundamental one?
A. creation of new diphthongs
B. the fixed stress on the second syllable
C. leveling of vowels in unstressed syllables
D. monophthongization
Question 14
In case of which linguistic phenomenon two or more units of the plane of content correspond to one unit of the plane of
expression?
A. homonymy
B. antonymy
C. synonymy
D. acronymy
Question 15
What stylistic devices are the following sentences based on: Sofia’s beauty is horrible; The garage was full of nothing.
A. simile
B. oxymoron
C. paradox
D. antithesis
Question 16
What phonetic change can explain the origin of the Modern English verb to rear if the Gothic form is raisian while the Old
English form is ræran?
A. contraction
B. palatalization
C. rhotacism
D. hardening
Question 17
One-member sentences are often referred to as ________, with some items "understood" or "felt as missing".
A. compound
B. simple
C. infinitival
D. elliptical
Правильно
Балів за відповідь: 1/1.
Question 18
These sentences: In came Jack; Little chances Mary had illustrate
A. stylistic inversion
B. grammatical inversion
C. parceling
D. lexical inversion
Question 19
Which of the below features characterize a language as synthetical?
A. prominent use of word order to denote grammatical relations
B. a great number of grammatical inflections
C. a rare use of sound alternations to denote grammatical forms
D. a wide use of prepositions to denote relations between objects and to connect words in the sentence
Question 20
The sentences: The sword is the worst argument; I wish you had Mary’s ears and Jack’s eyes are examples of

A. metonymy
B. metaphor
C. irony
D. synecdoche
Question 21
What new type of vowels appeared in the result of the Great Vowel Shift?
A. short diphthongs
B. long diphthongs
C. shwa sounds
D. none
Question 22
Decide what adaptation these words: cup, street, plum have undergone.
A. phonetic adaptation
B. lexical adaptation
C. grammatical adaptation
D. semantic adaptation
Question 23
“Pluralia tantum” are the nouns which
A. can have plural forms
B. have only a plural and no singular
C. have only a singular and no plural
D. form plural not by means of –(e)s
Question 24
What stylistic device is used in the sentence? – Students dropped tears and cribs.
A. parceling
B. zeugma
C. polysyndeton
D. aposiopesis
Question 25
What pair of words represents the qualitative change of Old English vowels that linguists call palatal mutation?
A. cusans > coren
B. t?lian > tellan
C. ald > eald
D. melcan > meolcan
Question 26
The point of this theory of syllabic structure of the word is that in most languages there is a syllabic phoneme in the
centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel phoneme or, in some languages, a sonorant. The phonemes preceding or
following the syllable peak are called marginal. The energy, which is the tension of articulation, increases within the range
of prevocalic consonants and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. Therefore, the syllable can be
defined as an arc of articulatory tension.
A. expiratory theory
B. sonority theory
C. muscular tension theory
D. loudness theory
Question 27
What stylistic devices do the sentences: It was unillegal business; Martin is not without sense of humor contain?

A. periphrasis
B. litotes
C. hyperbole
D. meiosis
Question 28
The main semantic components in the semantic structure of a word are termed
A. connotative component
B. connotative and denotative component
C. denotative component
D. denotative, connotative and context component
Question 29
Enumeration, tautology, polysyndeton, parallel constructions make group of… of syntactic stylistic devices.
A. reduction of the sentence model
B. change of word order
C. transposition of sentence meaning
D. extension of the sentence model
Question 30
What is the syntactical function of the infinitive in the following Old English sentence: Ic ja to drincenne?
A. adverbial modifier of purpose
B. expression of future
C. a part of the predicate
D. direct object
Question 31
Brunch (breakfast+lunch), skort (skirt+short), smog (smoke+fog) represent the type of compound word building called
A. blending
B. onomatopoeia
C. reduplication
D. reversion
Question 32
The sentences: Don’t you know what they call a star with a tail? – Sure – Mickey Mouse; Did you have any luck playing
golf? – Marvelous luck are examples of
A. aposiopesis
B. parceling
C. nominative sentences
D. ellipsis
Question 33
What grammatical meaning is always marked morphologically?
A. implicit
B. general
C. dependent
D. explicit
Question 34
What of the following is used ONLY for translation of metaphors?
A. usage of traditional equivalents

B. situational substitution
C. full translation
D. traditional correspondence
Question 35
From etymological point of view such words as: friendship, health, truth, tidy, English, golden, Spanish, warmly, simply,
hardly, senseless include
A. borrowed suffixes
B. borrowed prefixes
C. native prefixes
D. native suffixes
Question 36
What principle is used for the division for the Old English nouns into certain declensions?
A. ending
B. gender
C. stem
D. suffix
Question 37
What processes are observed in the development of word meaning?
A. broadening, amelioration, degradation and elevation
B. broadening, generalization, narrowing and specialization
C. broadening, narrowing, degradation and elevation
D. broadening, generalization, narrowing and degeneration
Question 38
The words: blackbird, sunflower, bedroom, tallboy are examples of…compounds.
A. derived
B. contracted
C. morphological
D. neutral
Question 39
What are major criteria for distinguishing between phraseological units and free word groups?
A. structural, semantic
B. semantic, grammatical
C. contextual, stability, idiomacity
D. structural, contextual
Question 40
What classifications of homonyms is correct?
A. perfect homonyms, homographs, homonyms
B. perfect homonyms, homographs, complex homonyms
C. perfect homonyms, simple homonyms, homographs
D. perfect homonyms, homographs, homophones
Question 41
Which of the following is NOT used for translation of metonymy?
A. semantic transformation
B. substitution
C. structural transformation
D. functional transformation
Question 42
This style is characterised by the predominant use of intellectual intonation patterns. The characteristic feature of this
style is the use of normal or slow speed of utterance and regular rhythm. It occurs in formal discourse where the task set
by the sender of the message is to communicate information without giving it any emotional or volitional evaluation. This
style is used, for instance, by radio and television announcers when reading weather forecasts, news, etc. or in various
official situations. It is considered to be stylistically neutral. Short pauses are rather rare.
A. scientific (academic) style
B. declamatory style
C. informational (formal style)
D. publicistic style
Question 43
What is a completely new phenomenon in the Early New English word-formation?
A. compounding
B. semantic word building
C. conversion
D. derivation
Question 44
What type of phrases are the following: fresh air, stone wall, writing a letter, perfectly right, awfully tired?
A. subjective
B. coordinate
C. subordinate
D. predicative
Question 45
Loan translation is NEVER used to render:

A. names of the companies
B. geographic names
C. titles of the books
D. names of the people
Question 46
Which of the following examples present the cases of synonymy in grammar?
A. clever — cleverer — the cleverest
B. to see – saw – seen
C. hoofs — hooves
D. know it – do know it
Question 47
Indicate the type of repetition used in the following sentences: Victory is what we need. Victory is what we expect.
A. consecutive
B. anaphora
C. epiphora
D. framing
Question 48
Borrowings enter the English language:
A. in a written form
B. orally
C. through contacts between people
D. orally and in a written form
Question 49
Which of the following methods is used for translation of both metaphors and irony?
A. antonymic translation
B. structural transformation
C. full translation
D. omission
Question 50
Which of the following is not a grammatical transformation:
A. permutation
B. omission
C. adaptive transcoding
D. morphological substitution
Question 51
Which grammatical category unite nouns and verbs?
A. case
B. voice
C. aspect
D. number
Question 52
What phonetic process in the Old English period could explain the following change of a simple short vowel into a short
diphthong in herte > heorte (ModE: heart)?
A. diphthongization
B. breaking
C. velar mutation
D. palatal mutation
Question 53
Choose the right order of the rhythmical organization of English prose.
A. an intonation group – a phonopassage – a rhythmical group – a phrase
B. a phrase – a phonopassage – an intonation group – a rhythmical group
C. a phonopassage – a phrase – an intonation group – a rhythmical group
D. a rhythmical group – an intonation group – a phrase – a phonopassage
Question 54
What case forms of nouns survived in Middle English after leveling of endings?
A. Nominative and Dative
B. Nominative and Accusative
C. Nominative and Genitive
D. Nominative and Instrumental
Question 55
Which of the characteristics mentioned bellow is odd to the description of the constrictive consonant?
A. lateral sonorant
B. plosive
C. fricative
D. medial sonorant
Question 56
Recognize by certain suffixes, prefixes and endings what language was the source for such words: Union, opinion, session,
revolution, starvation, temptation, unification.

A. French
B. Latin
C. Scandinavian
D. Italian
Question 57
What stylistic device is used in the sentences? I beg a thousand pardons; Pete knows everybody in the town.
A. hyperbole
B. metaphor
C. meiosis
D. metonymy
Question 58
Nida and Taber supported the theory of:
A. translation shifts
B. equivalence in difference
C. overt and covert translation
D. formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence
Question 59
What grammatical category is expressed by the following opposition: to be working – to work?
A. tense
B. voice
C. number
D. aspect
Question 60
The simultaneous translation is mainly used during:
A. events held by the UN and translation agencies
B. excursions and negotiations
C. receptions and parties
D. multinational symposia and conferences
Question 61
What stylistic figure is used in the sentence? – Fathers, mothers, uncles, cousins.
A. parceling
B. asyndeton
C. aposiopesis
D. polysyndeton
Question 62
Instrumentation unites basic stylistic devices:
A. alliteration, rhyme, assonance
B. rhyme, rhythm, onomatopoeia
C. alliteration, onomatopoeia, assonance
D. alliteration, rhythm, assonance, onomatopoeia
Question 63
What type of verbs in Middle English became greater and continued to grow?
A. weak
B. preterite-present
C. irregular
D. strong
Question 64
This part of intonation group is the last stressed syllable in which the pitch movement changes. It determines the
semantic value of the intonation group, and indicates the communicative centre of the intonation group or of the whole
sentence.
A. the pre-head
B. the head
C. the nucleus
D. the tail
Question 65
The sentence – If you study stylistics like this ... is an example of
A. nominative sentence
B. ellipsis
C. parceling
D. aposiopesis
Question 66
Which of the following Foreign trade Documents belongs to the group of partially standardized:
A. commercial offer
B. contract of sale
C. letter of credit
D. bill of lading
Question 67
Affixes can be classified into
A. nonproductive and productive

B. productive and semiproductive
C. semi-productive and highly productive
D. highly-productive and productive
Question 68
What are the most productive types of word-formation in modern English?
A. conversion, sound-imitation, affixation
B. conversion, compounding, affixation
C. compounding, conversion, reversion
D. shortening, conversion, reduplication
Question 69
It is considered to be the main variant of literary pronunciation in Great Britain. Its advantages are that it is easily
understood in every part where English is spoken and it is understood more than any other variant. It is mostly heard in
everyday speech of educated people, at English theatres and on the radio.
A. Scottish English
B. Northern English
C. Southern English
D. American English
Question 70
Climax, anticlimax, zeugma and pun are figures of
A. contrast
B. quantity
C. inequality
D. identity
Question 71
What are the criteria for determining whether the word is borrowed or of the native stock?
A. pronunciation and lexical meaning
B. pronunciation
C. lexical meaning
D. number of letters
Question 72
Which of the following schemes represent correct morphemic structure of the word ‘unexpectedly’?
A. affix – root – suffix – suffix
B. prefix – root – suffix – inflection
C. none of the variants is correct
D. prefix – root – suffix – suffix
Question 73
This approach treats different languages as closed systems with specific relationships between formal and conceptual
aspects; hence in the process of translation links between the forms of different languages are established through
conceptual equivalence.
A. denotative
B. communicational
C. transformational
D. connotative
Question 74
According to their structure, the words: teacher, loneliness, meaning, kingdom are:
A. contractions
B. simple
C. derived
D. compound words
Question 75
Which of the mentioned below features of a consonant is considered irrelevant?
A. fortis
B. aspirated
C. occlusive
D. bilabial
Question 76
…are figures of quantity.
A. hyperbole, meiosis, irony
B. meiosis, litotes, metonymy
C. hyperbole, meiosis, epithet
D. hyperbole, meiosis, litotes
Question 77
Which of the below examples show syntagmatic relations between language units?
A. to work, works, worked, has worked
B. dark – light, a friend – an enemy
C. friendly, friendship, unfriendly
D. bag, back, bay
Question 78
Such word combinations as: loud ocean, wild wind, helpless loneliness are
A. epithets proper
B. antonomasia
C. logical attributes
D. euphemisms
Question 79
The causes of semantic changes can be
A. historical and linguistic
B. extra-linguistic
C. linguistic and extra-linguistic
D. historical
Question 80
What qualitative type of opposition is [b, d, g – p, t, k]?
A. gradual opposition
B. binary privative opposition
C. quaternary privative opposition
D. equipollent opposition
First Test
1. Identify the type of the subordinate clause in the sentence: Anyone hoping to get on the boat should have a
ticket. Reduced relative
2. What type of the word-group is the following: [him coming] – predicative
3. How is the governing element of a subordinate word-group called? Head
4. At what syntactic level can subordination be observed: phrase level
5. Identify the type of the subordinate clause in the following sentence: if you understand this, you will be able to do
exercises. Adverbial Clause
6. What type of word-group is the following [to run and think]? Coordinate
7. What type of phrase is represented in the following sentence? The guild [is meeting to discuss the latest misdemeanors
of the apprentices]. Verbal phrase
8. Which of the following sentences has a non-restrictive relative clause? Your opinion, which is heresey…
9. What type of phrase is represented in the following sentence? [our neighborhood association] noun phrase
10. Syntagmatic relation of independence is called predication
11. Draw brackets around the prepositional phrases: in a safe place.
12. Write the functional formula of an Adverbial Phrase:
13. Word-groups which are distinguished on the basis of secondary predication are called predicative
14. [of published accounts] – prepositional phrase
15. Identify the characteristics of the Phrase – is a dependent syntactic unit
16. A feature of linguistic structure in which one function (or form) is inserted into another function (or form) is
called embedding.
17. How may the underlined element in the following sentence be categorized? The man whose application you are
processing will be hired in any case – restrictive relative clause
18. What is the term for a potential ability of words to combine? Valency
19. What type of word group is [run fast]? Subordinate
20. Which of the following syndetons are called correlatives? Not(only)…but (also), neither…nor
21. Which of the following sentences contains a subordinate clause? All of them (the cat climbed over the couch)
22. Which of the following sentences contains an adverbial clause? All of them (I would like to finish this chapter by noon)
23. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: The author under
discussion had no such illusions – none of the answers is correct
24. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: My brother John runs a
landscaping company? Verbal predicate
25. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: Mary taught Bill the
basics of computer programming. None of the answer is correct
26. At what syntactic level can coordination be observed – all of the stated
27. The smallest unit of communication, consisting of one or more words which is characterized by a definite structural
(grammatical) and intonational pattern, predication, modality and conveys… sentence
28. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: The man in charge will
be Mr. Eagleton – none of the answers is correct
29. A secondary element of a phrase which suggests the goal or purpose of the verb is called object
30. What type of the word group is the following: [to run extremely fast]? Extended, subordinate
31. What type of the word group is the following: [running fast]? Predicative
32. A secondary element of a phrase which qualifies its head but doesn’t determine the grammatical category of the phrase
is called modifier
33. Everyone in the room cheered when the announcement was made – Pronoun
34. Which of the below features characterize a language as synthetical? A great number of grammatical forms
35. The type of grammatical meaning that is not expressed formally and represents the meaning of the whole word-class is
called implicit
36. Pluralia tantum are the nouns which have only a plural and no singular
37. in English there are 2 material articles
38. Which of the grammatical notions refers to the observable components that make an object what it is and include such
features as actual and potential inflectional and derivational elements, stress?
Grammatical category
39. Which of the following examples present the case of synonymy in grammar? Know it – do know it
40. In case of which linguistic phenomenon two… - homonymy
41. Which grammatical category unites nouns and verb? Number
42. Out of the following choose the statement(s) that reveal(s) the aime of Theoretical English Grammar: To scientifically
analyze and define English grammatical categories and study the mechanisms of grammatical formation of
utterances out of words in the process of speech making; to present a theoretical description of the grammatical
system of English
43. Such affixes as: -er, -ing… are noun forming
44. Generalized correlation of lingual forms by means of which a certain function is expressed is called opposition
45. The process of determination of the entities to be used in any syntactic or morphological construction is
called selection
46. In which of the following sentences relative generalization is represented? Would you be so kind to pass me salad?
47. The grammatical notion which designates the way in which a word or larger unit is used in a sentence is called
1. According to their structure, the words: teacher, loneliness are derived

2. What grammatical category is expressed by the following opposition: to open-to be opened – voice
3. Choose the properties of inflectional morphemes: do not change basic syntactic category, express grammatically –
required features or indicate relations between different words in the sentence
4. The process of determination of the entities to be used in any syntactic or morphological construction is called selection
5. Prepositions serve to express the relations between…
6. Hers – Pronoun
7. What is the type of the following morpheme: byte – free morpheme, open-class morpheme.
8. Ring – Noun
9. 2 subclasses of uncountable nouns are usually referred to as singularia tantum and pluralia tantum
10. Generalization is the invariable grammatical meaning of the indefinite article.
11. Indolently – adverb
12. Herself – pronoun
13. 2 material articles
14. Pluralia tantum are the nouns which have only plural no singular
15. Loudly – adverb
16. Everyone – pronoun
17. Small adj
18. Which of the examples below show syntagmatic relations between language units? – dark-light, friend – enemy.
19. In which of the following sentences relative generalization is represented? Would you be so kind to pass me salad?
20. Choose the correct characteristic of the English adjective: adj may undergo the process of substantivation
21. The sentence: Coffee or tea, please? is an example of semantic absence of the article, relative generalization
22. Which of the following scheme represents correct morphemic structure of the word ‘unexpectedly’? prefix – root-
suffix-suffix
23. Type of the article that expresses the identification… definite
24. Which grammatical category unite nouns and verb? Number
25. Stamped – Verb
26. Generalized correlation of lingual forms by means of which a certain function is expressed is called opposition
27. Which of the below mentioned are grammatical units? Intonation, clause, word order, phoneme
28. A compound denoting a subtype of a category which isn’t mentioned within the compound is called exocentric
29. Such affixes as: -er, -ing… are noun forming
30. Which of the grammatical notions refers to the observable components that make an object what it is and include such
features as actual and potential inflectional and derivational elements,
stress?
31. Although – conj
32. The system of expressing a generalized grammatical meaning… - grammatical category
33. The type of grammatical meaning that is not expressed formally and represents the meaning of the whole word-class is
called
34. Out of the following choose the statement(s) – to scientifically analyze, to present a theoretical
35. The process of sequencing in syntactic constructions is called arrangement
36. Choose the regular noun inflections ‘s, -s
37. In case of which linguistic phenomenon two… - homonymy
38. What grammatical meaning is always marked morphologically? Explicit
39. The grammatical notion – constituency
40. Which of the below features characterized a language as synthetical? A great number…
41. Which of the following examples present the case of synonymy in grammar? Know it – do know it
42. Which of the below are grammatical processes? Arrangement, selection
43. Which of the below mentioned are grammatical categories? Tense, aspect, finitude, case
Second Test
1.What type of phrase is presented in the following sentence?
The committee gave [our neighbourhood association] an award for innovative tree planting
2.Identify the type of the subordinate clause in the sentence: Anyone hoping to get on the boat should have a ticket.
a. Adjective Clause
b. Adverbial Clause
c. Reduced Relative
d. Noun Clause
e. Reduced Adverbial
3. What type of the word-group is the following: [him coming]?
Choose at least one answer.
a. predicative
b. coordinate
c. extended
d. d expanded
e. simple
f. subordinate
4. How is the governing element of a subordinate word-group called? Head
5. At what syntactic level can subordination be observed:
a. all of the stated
b. sentence level
c. text level
d. phrase level
6. Identify the type of the Subordinete Clause in the following sentence: If you understand this, you will be able to do
exercises.
a. Adjective Clause
b. Adverbial clause
c. Noun Clause
d. Reduced Relative
e. Reduced Adverbial
7. What type of word-group is the following: [to run and think]?
a. extended
b. coordinate
c. simple
d. subordinate
e. predicative
f. expanded
8. What type of phrase is presented in the following sentence?
The guild [is meeting to discuss the latest misdemeanours of the apprentices]. Verb phrase
9. Which of the following sentences has a non-restrictive relative clause?
a. neither of them
b. Your opinion, which is heresy, will cause nothing but trouble.
c. all of them
d. The opinion that you are expressing is heresy.
The committee gave [our neighbourhood association] an award for innovative tree planting. NP
11. Syntagmatic relation of interdependence is called. Predication
The committee [our neighbourhood association] an award for innovative tree planting. NP
13. Draw brackets around the prepositional phrase(s): put the dynamite in a safe place.
14. Write the functional Formula of an Adverb Phrase DP. indicating time, place, condition, cause, and purpose
15. Word-groups which are distinguished on the basis of secondary predication are called: predicative
16. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following Fanny believed Henry
Crawford insincere.
a. complex subject
b. nominal predicate
c. verb
d. compound subject
e. simple subject
f. f none of the answers is correct
g. verbal predicate
17. Identify the type of phrase in the following sentence: The reporter consulted a number of published accounts before
interviewing the senator. PP
18. Identify the function of the phrase highlighted in the following sentences.
· The party was a dreadful failure because the caterers forgot (to bring the tableware). object
· Justine hoped to attend the masquerade even though her guardian [had forbidden such adventures]. predicate
· The apprentices elected Wilkins Lord of Misrule]. complement
· The projectionist dreamt that he chased an enormous gorilla [around the theatre). adverb
· The child dancing about the stage hopes to become a movie star. adjective
· Megan believed that [dreaming about grapes) mean that she should skip Latin class. subject
19. Identify the characteristics of the Phrase
a. generally resists interruption
b. is a dependent syntactic unit
c. has intonation of its own
d. usually of NP VP structure
e. can undergo grammatical changes without destroying the identity of the whole unit
f. stress normally falls on the rightmost word
g. the number of constituents corresponds to the number of different denotates
20. A feature of linguistic structure in which one function (or form) is inserted into another function (or form) is
calledEmbedding
21. How may the underlined element in the following sentence be categorized? The man whose application you are
processing will be hired in any case.
a. restrictive relative clause
b. non-restrictive nominal clause
c. restrictive nominal clause
d. d non-restrictive relative clause
22. What is the term for a potential ability of words to combine? Valency
23. Define the type of the following sentences:
-Jane is more diligent than you. Simple complicated
-That absolutely gorgeous spaniel is my brothers. simple
-Waiting until most of the courtroom had cleared, Ann walked -over and stood there until Jimmy saw her. complex
-If youth knew, if age could! compound
24. Which of the following sentences contains a relative clause?
a. We felt that the story was endearing
b. all of them
c. Television is a tasteless medium without an ounce of artistic or journalistic integrity.
d. none of them
25. What type of word group is [run fast]?
a. predicative
b. expanded
c. coordinate
d. simple
e. subordinate
f. extended
26. Draw brackets around each adjective phrase: The reasons for his sudden resignation eluded even the most astute
observers in the company.
27. Which of the following syndetons are called correlatives?
a. a as well as together with, along with
b. b, but, besides, except for
c. and, nor, not, or
d. not only- but also neither nor
28. Which of the following sentences contains a subordinate clause?
a. All of them
b. The cat climbed over the couch, hissing me
c. climbing over the couch, the cat hissed at me.
d. After climbing over the couch, the cat hissed at me.
e. none or them
29. which of the following sentences contains an adverbial clause?
a. I would like to finish this chapter by noon.
b. All of them
f. After I tasted it, I was sorry.
c. none of them
d. Never having tried it before, I asked for a martini.
30. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following
The author under discussion had no such illusions.

a. a complex subject
b. none of the answers is correct
c. verb
d. nominal predicate
e. verbal predicate
f. compound subject
g. simple subject
31. Apply the Topicalization Test to identify NP in the following sentence was very impressed with your presentation. simply
move the item in question to the front of the sentence, omitting it in its original position.
Your presentation I was very impressed with
32. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified as which of the following: My brother John runs a
landscaping company.?
a. simple subject
b. b, complex subject
c. nominal predicate
d. none of the answers is correct
e. verbal predicate
f. verb
g. compound subject
33. Apply a Pro-sub Test identity NP in the following sentence: I was very impressed with your presentation. Pronoun-
substitution (Pro-sub) Test: the NP can be replaced by a personal pronoun:
Woody admired [the picture on the wall]. – Woody admired it. –* Woody admired it on the wall. (ungrammatical)
34. In the following sentence the underlined words are co-classified as which of the following Mary taught Bill the basics of
computer programming.
a. verbal predicate
b. complex subject
c. nominal predicate
d. verb
e. compound subject
f. none of the answers is correct
g. simple subject
35. At what syntactic level can coordination be observed:
a. all of the stated

b. text level
c. phrase level
d. sentence level
36. The smallest unit of communication, consisting of one or more words which is characterized by a definite structural
(grammatical) and intonational pattern, predication, nodality and conveys a relatively completed thought is
called SENTENCE
37. Draw brackets around the prepositional phrase(s): Oskar resigned in the face of increasing evidence of his association
with companies dealing in stocks acquired through questionable means.
38. Apply Whiz Test to identify NP of head+postmodifier type: I was impressed with your presentation at the lesson. Whiz
Test (paraphraze test): if you can insert the words which is/was or that is/was between the noun head and the PP,
the construction is probably of the head+postmodifier type.
Woody admired the picture which was on the wall.
*Woody put the picture which was on the wall.
…your presentation, wich was made…
39. In the following sentence the underlined words are correctly classified which of the following: The man in charge will be
Mr.Eagleton.
a. verb
b. none of the answers is correct
c. complex subject
d. d simple subject
e. compound subject
f. verbal predicate
g. nominal predicate
40. A secondary element of a phrase which suggests the goal or purpose of the verb is called:
a. object
b. complement
c. predicate
d. modifier
e. subject
41. What type of the word-group is the following [to run extremely fast]?
Choose af least one answer
a. simple
b. predicative
c. coordinate
d. extended
e. subordinate
f. expanded
42. What type of the word-group is the following:[running fast]?
a. a simple
b. expanded
c. subordinate
d. extended
e. predicative
f. coordinate
43. A secondary element of a phrase which qualifies its head but doesn't determine category the phrase the grammatical of
is called:
a. complement
b. subject
c. object
d. modifier
e. predicate
44. In the following sentence… Current literary theory has no clearly defined focus. Nominal predicate
45. Apply a Pro-sub test… I was very impressed with your presentation. I was impressed with it
46. John considered himself successful. Nominal predicate
47. … Luther King was murdered… verbal predicate
48. the process of sequencing in syntactic construction arrangement
49. adverbial clause tapdanced while…
1. What is the largest unit of speech? Discourse

2. How many language resources does language consist as a code? 3 (Lexicon/vocabulary,
grammar,phonology)
3. How are the people engaged in the study of phonetics called? phoneticians
4. Variations in pitch, prominence, and tempo are called... prosodic/suprasegmental
5. The result of an act of verbal communication is called .... discourse
6. The basic component of the phonic-substance of language is called... segmental
7. A unit of spoken message larger than a single sound and smaller than a word is called....syllable
8. Pronunciation features in a foreign language influenced by the mother tongue are called…accent
9. How many aspects does the problem of word stress have? 3
10. The process of transmitting a verbal message from a speaker to the listener via a channel is called... verbal
communication
11. Lexicon, phonology, and grammar are called... Language resources
12. How many components does the phonic substance of language consist of? 4
13. A discourse consists of at least one...utterance
14. The amount of perceptual prominence given to particular words/syllables in an utterance is called
.. utterance stress (фразовий наголос)
15. What unit of speech corresponds to the phoneme? allophone
16. What features are superimposed on the segmental chain of sounds? Prosodic
17. Is the statement true or false: English makes use of stressed syllables separated by equal number of
unstressed syllables. false
18. Give the name of the founder of phonology. Nickolai Trubetskoi
19. A process of using language for communication is called.. Speech
20. A sequence of words spoken in a single breath, a stretch of speech which has describable melody is
called.. tone unit
24. What is the name of transcription that is used in studying English as a specialty? The phonemic transcription
25. This branch of phonetics is concerned with the study of sound as a result of the activities of speech organs. It
deals with our voice-production mechanism, and the way we produce sounds, and prosodic phenomena. It studies
respiration, phonation (voice-production), articulation and the mental processes necessary for the mastery of a phonetic
system. Articulatory
26. Arrange the following sounds according to the degree of sonority, from the most sonor to the least sonor. 1.
open vowels 2. closed vowels 3. Sonorants 4. voiced fricatives 5. voiced plosives 6. voiceless fricatives 7.
voiceless plosives
27. The branch of Phonetics that studies the physical properties of speech sound, as transmitted between mouth
and ear. Acoustic
28. The branch of Phonetics that studies the perceptual response to speech sounds, as mediated by ear, auditory
nerve and brain. Auditory
29. A language used as a means of communication by speakers who do not have a native language in common is
called lingua franca
30. How many concentric circles can the spread of English throughout the world be visualized? The inner circle,
the outer circle, expanding circle
31. The situation when speakers can use both literary pronunciation and their native local accent in different situations
is called diglossia
32. The first language of the children of Pidgin speakers is called.... Creole
33. How many major literary/cultivated accents are there on the British Isles? 5
34. How many million people speak English as their first language/mother tongue? 375-400 million
35. What is the standard of pronunciation for educated speakers in Great Britain? Southern pronunciation or
Received Pronunciation
36. Teaching English where learners addressed are often immigrants to an English-speaking culture is called TESL
Teaching English as a Foreign l-ge
37. A set of pronunciation forms and rules of their usage is called... rules of speaking or pronunciation norms
38. Is there a World Standard English, a totally uniform, regional, neutral, and prestigious variety at the international
level? No
39. The entity of related national variants, dialects and their associated accents is called… a nationally
heterogeneous l-ge (English)
40. What are the two most prestigious accents of English in the world which generally serve as teaching
models for TEFL? RP/BBC English\Southern, GenAm/Network English
41. How many literary pronunciation accents are there in the USA? three
42. A unified entity of pronunciation patterns used for communicative interaction by members of a speech
community sharing a relevant social or geographical attribute and maintaining a set of phonological characteristics,
despite limited phonetic and lexical-incidental variation between the speakers is called... accent
43. Teaching English to learners of all types is ... ELT
44. What is the geographical localization of the national pronunciation standard in the UK? Southern English
45. Reflection/fixing of actual pronunciation forms and patterns in pronunciation dictionaries and other
references. codification
46. Individual speech of members of the same language community is called... idiolect
47. What is a striking feature of RP/BBC English and GenAm? variation
48. Are the majority of Standard English speakers in Britain rhotic or non-rhotic? non-rhotic
49. What accent is currently making a great influence on RP? Cockney
50. Name the 2 RP vowels which have the highest text frequency of occurrence. ə,i
51. What phenomenon can be heard in RP in it's quite good ..., football ,etc? glottaling
52. What is RP often identified with in the public mind ? BBC English
53. What sound combinations undergo affricatization? t+j, d+j
54. Which RP diphthong is becoming a positional allophone of the phoneme /ɔ:/? υə
55. What scholar fist described RP as a hoped for standard? Daniel Jones
56. Give the transcription symbol for a glottalized /t/. /?/
57. What kind of assimilation do affricatization and assibilation belong to? Yod coalescence
58. Which allophone of /l/ is used in American English? /l/
59. Which American accent prevails in New York? Eastern American
60. How many consonants are there in GenAm? 25
61. Is Eastern American rhotic? yes
62. What century English is the starting point for American English? 17
63. Which diphthongs are not distinguished in GenAm? /ie/, /ee/, е – це шва
64. What is one of the most characteristic allophones in GenAm? r
65. Which geographical attribute does цGenAm have? western
66. How many vowels are there in GenAm? 11
67. What is the name of American national pronunciation standard? General American
68. A stress on the vowel in the penultimate syllable which is not typically stressed in RP is called ... a tertiary stress
69. It is considered to be the main variant of literary pronunciation in Great Britain. Its advantages are that it is
easily understood in every part where English is spoken and it is understood more than any other variant. It is mostly
heard in everyday speech of educated people, at English theatres and on the radio. BBC
70. Which of the types serves as the base for General American pronunciation. American Pronunciation
71. Which of the accents of English is American based pronunciation standard? General American
72. Which of the accents of English is English based pronunciation standard? BBC pronunciation
73. Which of the accents of English is New English based pronunciation standard? Received Pronunciation
74. How many literary pronunciation accents are there in the USA? 39
75. What are New Englishes varieties of pronunciation? Indian English, South African English, Hong Kong english,
Singapoeran English
76. Read the following abbreviations: ELT, TESL, TEFL. TESL English as a second language., ELT - English Language
Training TEFL Teaching English as a foreign language
77. The first language of the children of Pidgin speakers. English
78. The language used for the purpose of communication between speakers of mutually unintelligible languages
(usually in the third world) which has been developed out of the mixture of the languages of the communities concerned.
79. How many aspects of speech sounds are distinguished? 4 – Articulatoty, Acoustic, Auditory, Functional.
80. Grouping speech sounds according to their major articulatory features is called ... allophones
81. From the acoustic point of view, vowels are called the sounds of voice, they have high acoustic energy
82. Which are the parts of the tongue?

– the blade of the tongue with the tip
- the front of the tongue
- the back of the tongue
- the root of the tongue
83. Which are the parts of the roof of the mouth?
-the alveoli
-the hard palate
-the soft palate
-the uvula
84. Name the passive organs of speech.

- the teeth
- the alveoli
- the hard palate
85. Name the active organs of speech.

the tongue
the soft palate
the uvula
the lower jaw
the lips
the vocal cords
86. What is the consonant sound? – Consonants are sounds in the production of which there is an
obstruction the removal of which causes noise. Muscular tension is at the place of obstruction. The air
stream is strong.
87. What are the two consonant classes according to the degree of noise?
noise consonants
sonorants
88. What is the function of vocal cords in the production of voiced and voiceless consonants? At the articulatory
level, a voiced sound is one in which the vocal cords vibrate, and a voiceless sound is one in which they do
not
89. Define every type of obstruction.

occlusive
constrictive
occlusive-constrictive(affricates)
90. What consonant sounds are called occlusive? – produced by blocking (occluding) airflow in the vocal
track
91. What consonant sounds are called constrictive? – produce with an incomplete obstruction that is by a
narrowing of the air-passage
92. What consonant sounds are called occlusive-constrictive? – a composite speech sound consisting of a
stop and a fricative articulated at the same point
93. Enumerate the consonant groups according to the place of articulation.

bilabial
labio-dental
dental
alveolar
post-alveolar
palato-alveolar
palatal
velat
glotal
94. How are the forelingual consonants classified according to the work of the tip of the tongue?
post-alveolar
palate-alveolar
alveolar
interdental
95. What are the voiced counterparts of / p,t,k /? B d g
96. What is aspiration? – a slight puff of breath which is heard after the explosion of p t k in the initial
position.
97. What is palatalization? – softening of consonsonant, which results from the secondary place of
articulation
98. What do the consonants /p, t, k / have in common? – they are occlusive, noise(plosive)
99. What consonant sounds are called “fricatives”? – produced by forcing air through a narrow channel
made by placing two articulators close together
100. What are the voiced counterparts of / f, s, θ, ∫ / ? [f]-[v], [s]-[z], [θ]-[ð], [∫]-[ʒ]
101. 101. Define / ʧ, ʤ/ according to the all principles of articulation. Lingual, forelingual, palato-alveolar,
affricates (occlusive-constrictive)
102. 102. Enumerate the English sonorants. /m, n, ŋ, l, r, w, j /
103. What is the main feature of sonorous consonant? noise
104. What do the sonorant have in common with and what differs them from other consonants? noise
105. What is the subdivision of the sonorous consonants according to the direction of the air stream in the mouth
cavity?
106. What is assimilation? is a process of alteration of speech sounds as a result of which one of the sounds
becomes fully or partially similar to adjoining sound
107. What features of the articulation of a consonant may be affected by assimilation?
108. Name the degrees of assimilation. Degree of completeness Degree of stability
109. What is the difference between progressive and regressive assimilation? Regressive - the change operates
backwards. Progressive - the assimilation operates forwards
110. Which aspect of speech sounds do such properties as frequency, spectrum, intensity, and duration
constitute? acoustic
111. Which aspect defines every speech sound as a complex of definite coordinated and differentiated movements
and positions of speech organs? articulation
112. Functional differences between Vs and Cs are defined by their role in syllable formation
113. Sounds made with a complete obstruction or stoppage of the airflow coming up from the lungs are
called stips/plosives
114. Sounds in the production of which the soft palate is lowered, and the air escapes through the nose are
called nasal
115. Sounds produced as a result of obstruent articulation involving an obstruction of the air stream that produces a
phonetic effect independent of voicing are called noise con/obstruents
116. The movements and positions necessary for the production of a speech sound constitute
its articulation
117. The particular quality of Vs mainly depends on the volume and shape of the mouth resonator
118. Complex sounds which consist of two components that correspond to two phases of articulation- an oral- stop
phase followed with a short friction phase- are called affricates
119. Realizations of phonemes in definite positions in words are called allophones/variants
120. How many consonant phonemes are there in RP? 24
121. How many vowel phonemes are there in RP? 20
122. The founder of the phoneme theory is S.A. Baudauin de Courtenay
123. The materialistic conception of the phoneme was originated by L.V. Shcherba
124. Features of phonemes involved in the differentiation of the words are called distinctive/relevant
125. The phoneme is material, real and objective because it really exists in the material form of allophones
126. What scholar defined the phoneme as a family of sounds? Daniel Jones
127. The smallest(i.e. further indivisible into smaller conse¬cutive segments) language unit (sound type) that exists
in the speech of all the members of a given language community as such speech sounds which are capable of
distinguishing one word from another word of the same language or one grammatical form of a word from another
grammatical form of the same word is called phoneme
128. The phonemes of a language form a system of sounds
129. What is the principal function of the phoneme ? constitutive
130. The articulatory features which do not serve to distinguish meaning are called non-distinctive, irrelevant or
redundant
131. Allophones which appear as a result of the influence of the neighboring speech sounds (assimilation,
adaptation,, accommodation) are called subsidiary
132. Modifications of a consonant under the influence of a neighboring consonant are termed assimilation,
reduction, oppositions
133. A deletion of a sound in rapid or careless speech is termed ELISION/ellipsis
134. Connecting of the final sound of one word or syllable to the initial sound of the next one is called linking
135. Modifications of a consonant under the influence of the adjacent vowel or vice versa are
called accommodation/adaptation
136. Inserting of a vowel or consonant segment within an existing string of segments is called Epenthesis
137. According to the degree the assimilating C takes on the characteristics of the neighboring C, assimilation may
be partial, total
138. What is the name of assimilation in which the first consonant and the second consonant in a cluster fuse and
mutually condition the creation of a third consonant with features from both original consonants? Coalescent
(RECIPROCAL) assimilation
139. What are the most common types of assimilation in English according to the direction? Progressive,
regressive and reciprocal
140. A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, front, low/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety. [æ]
141. A labial, labio-dental, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme. /f/
142. An alveolar, apical, constrictive, lateral sonant. /l/
143. A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, central/ mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the narrow variety. /ɜː/
144. A glottal, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme. /h/

145. A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, back-advanced, low/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ɑː/
146. A post-alveolar, constrictive, medial sonant. /j/
147. A monophthong, short, lax, rounded, back advanced, high/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ʊ/
148. A foreligual, palato-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, voiced, lenis consonant phoneme. /ʒ/
149. A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, front, high/close vowel phoneme of the narrow variety. /i:/
150. A lingual, back lingual, velar, occlusive, plosive nasal sonant. /ŋ/
151. A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, central/ mixed, low vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ʌ/
152. A labial, bilabial, constrictive, medial sonant. /w/
153. A lingual, backlingual, occlusive, plosive, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme. /k/
154. A lingual, forelingual, post-alveolar, constrictive, medial sonant. /r/
155. A monophthongs short, lax, rounded, back, low/open vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ɒ/
156. A foreligual, interdental, constrictive, fricative , voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme. /θ/
157. A voiceless affricate. /tʃ/
158. A monophthong, front short, lax, unrounded, central/ mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the wide variety. /ə/
159. A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, front, mid/ half-open vowel phoneme of the narrow variety. /e/
160. Which of the mentioned below features of a consonant is considered irrelevant? aspiration, palatalization,
nasalization
161. So reduction is realized in: unstressed syllables within words; in unstressed form-words (auxiliary and modal
verbs, personal and possessive pronouns, etc.) within intonation groups and phrases.
162. Non-reduced unstressed sounds are often retained in: compound words: blackboard /'blækbɔ:d/; oilfield
/'ɔɪlfi:ld/; borrowings from the French and other languages.
163. What principles of articulation are not characteristic for the English language? characteristic
of fluent or careless speech
164. Which of the elements of English diphthong is called nucleus? The first element
165. What is the number of phonemes in British English? 44
166. The type of junction between the phonemes of different nature (c-v) is called merging
167. The type of junction between the similar groups – cons. + cons. is called interpenetration
168. Syllables in writing are called syllabographs
169. The limit for the number of syllables in English is 8
170. The universal syllabic structure in the canonical form is CV
171. What sounds have the highest degree of sonority? Low vowels
172. The division of words into syllables is called syllabication/ syllabification
173. What two types of sounds cannot be split duringsyllabification?The English affricates [ʧ], [ʤ] and diphtongs
174. What symbol is used to designate a syllabic consonant? [ə]

175. Divide in writing the word speaking. speak-ing (p.s. http://www.howmanysyllables.com/ )
176. Divide into phonetic syllables the word bottle. Bott-le
177. What is the characteristic feature of the syllabic structure of the words of old English origin. monosyllabism
178. How is the syllable preceding the stressed syllable designated? PRETONIC
179. How is the syllable following the stressed syllable designated? POSTTONIC
180. What are the two commonest structural types of the syllable in English (write their canonical forms)? VC; CVC
181. The point of this theory of syllabic structure of the word is that in most languages there is a syllabic phoneme in
the centre of the syllable, which is usually a vowel phoneme or, in some languages, a sonorant. The phonemes
preceding or following the syllable peak are called marginal. The energy, which is the tension of articulation, increases
within the range of prevocalic consonants and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. Therefore,
the syllable can be defined as an arc of articulatory tension. The muscular tension or the articulatory effort theory.
182. The point of this theory is that the syllable is a sound or group of the sounds that are pronounced in one chest-
pulse . There are as many syllables in a word as there are chest-pulses made during the word . Expiratory (chest-puls
or pressure) theory.
183. Which is the most common type of syllable in English? Covered CV(C)
184. Which are syllabic English consonants? final sonorant /m, ņ, ļ/ immediately preceded by a noise consonant
and post tonic
185. This theory is based upon the fact that sounds group themselves according to their sonority. There are as many
syllables as there are peaks of prominence of sonority. The relative sonority theory (гучності) or the prominence
theory
186. This theory takes into consideration both levels production and perception. Syllable is an arc of loudness. The
peak of the syllable is louder and higher in pitch than the slopes. The organ which is responsible for the variation of
loudness is pharynx . There are as many syllables in a word as there are arcs of loudness. LOUDNESS THEORY
187. How many factors are important in making the syllable prominent? The auditory impression of word stress is
that of prominence. And on the auditory level the effect of prominence is produced by a greater degree of
loudness, greater length of the stressed syllables, some modifications in its pitch and quality.
On the acoustic level the effect of prominence is achieved by following acoustic parameters.
intensity;
duration;
frequency (fundamental);
formed structure.
188. How many degrees of word stress are singled out in English?
primary or strong
secondary or partial
weak unstressed syllables
189. What degree of word stress do American phoneticians add to the traditionally recognized degrees in
English? tertiary
190. What are languages called which allow certain freedom for placement word stress? Free stress / variable
stress?
191. Which is the oldest of the English lexical stress tendencies? recessive
192. Which tendency regulates the stressing of borrowed polysyllabic words in English? rhythmic
193. Which is the name of the tendency which defines the placement of word stress on the root of the native English
words with a prefix with no referential meaning? Recessive-restricted type
194. What tendency defines the stress of the derivative word personal as compared with person! retentive
195. Which syllable of a two-syllable verb is stressed if its second syllable contains a long vowel or a diphthong 2nd
196. Which syllable of a two-syllable noun is stressed when its second syllable contains a short vowel? 1st
197. English word stress is of a complex nature. It is:
dynamic
quantitative
qualitative
198. Which is the place of secondary stress? Before the primary, or after it( if tertiary stress is distinguished)
199. Which is the most common accentual type of English words? . / ┴ ─ /.
200. A stress on the vowel in the penultimate syllable which is not typically stressed in RP is called: tertiary
201. Which is the right order of the rhythmical organization of English prose. rythmic group,intonation group,
utterance, phonopassage
202. What are the adjoining unstressed syllables called when they precede the stressed syllable? proclitics
203. What are the adjoining unstressed syllables called when they follow the stressed syllable? enclitics
204. Which is English type of rhythm? Stressed-timed
205. What is the prosodic nucleus of rhythmic group? the stressed syllable
206. The number of the rhythmic groups depends on: speech tempo and style
207. Where is the focus /the semantic center of an unmarked/normal utterance located on? On nuclears
208. What is the force component of intonation made by? Loudness
209. Which tone can encourage further conversation, be wondering, mildly puzzled, soothing? LR
210. One or more words closely connected by sense and grammar, but containing only one strongly stressed
syllable and being pronounced in one breath are called a ритмічна група
211. Which tone is highly implicatory in English? RF
212. Spoken English is divided into chunks of talk or tone units
213. Because they are unstressed in the stream of speech, function words exhibit various forms of reduction: loss
of initial consonant sound, final, weakening of internal vowel.
214. What words are accentuated by pitch, length, loudness or a combination of these prosodic features under normal,
or unmarked conditions? nouns. Adj., verbs, numerals,adverbs
215. What is the core component of intonation? The pitch
216. How many rhythmic groups/feet are there in "Thank you for the present'? 2
217. What tone expresses the speaker's active searching for information? HR(interest, questioning)
218. This part of an intonation group determines the semantic value of the intonation group, and indicates the
communicative centre of the intonation group or of the whole sentence. The nucleas
219. Which of the head patterns is used for normal speech? Stepping, falling
220. Where is the semantic centre of an utterance in normal speech located on? on notional words(nouns. Adj.,
verbs, numerals,adverbs)
221. What are the emphatic tones? Fall-rise, rise-fall, rising tones
222. What part of the intonation group goes before the nucleus? The head (The scale)
223. What is the corresponding tone for each of these types of the utterances? (Request low-rise + fall-rise,
Order high-fall, Exclamation high-fall , Statement low-fall)
224. What is the corresponding tone to each of these questions? (General rising, Special falling, Disjunctive low-
fall+low-rise, Alternative low rise+low fall)
225. What forms are usually unstressed in the sentence? weak
226. The type of the utterance stress that is used to arrange words into sentences or intonation groups phonetically.
Together with grammatical and lexical means it expresses the general idea of the sentence and indicates its
communicative center. The nuclear syllable is generally associated with the last content word of the intonation
group. Normal/syntactical
227. The type of utterance stress, which gives special prominence to a new element in a sentence or an intonation
group. Logical stress
228. This type of sentence stress increases the effort of expression. It may strengthen the stressed word making it
still prominent. This stress manifests itself mainly on the High Fall or the Rise-Fall of the nuclear syllable. Emphatic
stress
229. The part of intonation group formed by stressed and unstressed syllables beginning with the first stressed syllable
is called…Head/scale
230. The part of intonation group that includes unstressed and half stressed syllables before the first stressed
syllable. Prehead
231. The last stressed syllable of the intonation group in which the pitch movement changes. It is usually of a highest
importance: it is on this syllable that the whole pitch pattern centers. Nucleus
232. The unstressed and half-stressed syllables that follow the nucleus in the intonation group are called…Tale
233. This style is characterized by the predominant use of intellectual intonation patterns. The characteristic feature
of this style is the use of normal or slow speed of utterance and regular rhythm. It occurs in formal discourse where the
task set by the sender of the message is to communicate information without giving it any emotional or volitional
evaluation. Informational
234. In this style intellectual and volitional (or desiderative) intonation patterns are concurrently employed. The
speaker's purpose here is to direct the listener's attention to the message carried in the semantic component. This style
is frequently used, for example, by university lecturers, schoolteachers, or by scientists in formal and informal
discussions. Academic (scientific)
235. In this style the emotional role of intonation increases, thereby intonation patterns used for intellectual, volitional
and emotional purposes have an equal share. Pauses may be different in length but long pauses are more common.
This style is generally acquired by special training and it is used, for instance, in stage speech, classroom recitation,
and verse speaking or in reading aloud fiction.Declamatory (artistic)
236. This style is characterized by predominance of volitional (or desiderative) intonation patterns against the
background of intellectual and emotional ones. The general aim of this intonation style is to exert influence on the
listener, to convince him that the speaker's interpretation is the only correct one and to cause him to accept the point of
view expressed in the speech. Oratorial
237. The usage of this style is typical of the English of everyday life. It occurs both within a family group and in informal
external relationships, namely, in the speech of intimate friends or well-acquainted people. Generally speaking this style,
unlike other styles, will allow the occurrence of the entire range of intonation patterns existing in
English. Conversational
1. Аpproaches to division of English.
A. Historical B. According to writing documents C. by grammar categories D. A, D, C
2. The Middle English period is the period from the …up to …century.
A. 15th to 16th B. 5th to 7th C. 5th to 9th D. 15th to 17th

3. What are main phonetic process in the Old English period
A. palatal mutation B. breaking C. velar mutation D. diphthongization
4. Can Verner’s Law explain the appearance and development of voiceless fricatives in
Old English?
5.
5. bhrata →broðar; bala → pol; granum → kaurn are examples of …
A. Verner’s Law B. Great Vowel Shift C. velar mutation D. Grimm’s Law
6. What principle is used for the division for the Old English nouns into certain
declensions?
A. gender B. suffix C. stem D. ending
7. The existence of proto-language dates back to …
A. 15 century B. 10 century C. 8 century D. A, B, C.
8. The adjective declensions of Old English?
A. 7 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5
9. The most remarkable works of Old English?
10. What prominent scholars of Old English period you know?
11. There are …classes of OE weak verbs
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
12. How many strong verbs in Old English?
A. 4 B. 17 C. 6 D. A, B, C.
13. What verbs in OE listed are irregular
A. 2 - beon, gan B. 3 - beon, don C. 4 - gan, don, willan D. 5 - beon, gan, willan, witan
14. What are the internal ways of enriching the vocabulary in OE
A. morphological B. syntactic C. Syntactic and semantic D. A, B, C.
15. Traditionally the ME period begins from the year…
A. 998 B. 1044 C. 1066 D. 1147
17. What kind of change in the Middle English phonology could be called the most
fundamental one?
A. the fixed stress on the second syllable B. leveling of vowels in unstressed syllables
C. monophthongization D. creation of new diphthongs
18. How many case forms of nouns survived in Middle English after leveling of endings?
A. 2 B. 3
C. 1 D. 4
19. Which form of adjective lost all the endings in Middle English?
A. strong singular B. strong plural C. weak singular D. weak plural
20. What type of verbs in Middle English became greater and continued to grow?
A. strong B. weak C. preterite-present D. irregular
21. Numerals in ME …
A. declined B. had the category of gender C. lost the category of gender D. no longer declined
22. What is a new part of speech in the ME appeared
A. Preposition B. the Article C. Pronoun D. Particle
23. Word order in ME syntax was
A. Liberal B. Fixed C. A and B D. Not clear
24. The result of the Great Vowel Shift caused
A. short diphthongs B. long diphthongs C. shwa sounds D. A, B, C.
25. What is a completely new phenomenon in the Early New English word-formation?
A. derivation B. compounding C. semantic word building D. conversion
26. When the Early New English begins
A. 19 th century B. 18 th century C. 20 th century D.
28. Nouns in Early New English …the category of gender
A. preserved B. lost C. partly preserved D. partly lost
1
Балів: 1
Where is the semantic centre of an utterance in normal speech located on?
a. First content word
b. Any content word
c. Last content word
2
Балів: 1
Which of the accents of English is American based pronunciation standard?

a. Hong-Kong English
b. Australian English
c. Canadian English
3
Балів: 1
Which of the accents of English is New English based pronunciation standard?
a. Irish English
b. South African English
c. Australian English
4
Балів: 1
A stress on the vowel in the penultimate syllable which is not typically stressed in RP is called:
a. Primary
b. Tertiary
c. Secondary
5
Балів: 1
Which of the following organs of speech does not belong to the roof of the mouth?

a. The alveoli
b. The windpipe
c. The uvula
d. The hard palate
6
Балів: 1
Which of the mentioned below features of a consonant is considered irrelevant?
a. Occlusive
b. Fortis
c. Aspirated
d. Bilabial
7
Балів: 1
Modifications of a consonant under the influence of a neighbouring consonant are termed:
a. Accommodation
b. Assimilation
c. Elision
8
Балів: 1
Which of the characteristics mentioned bellow is odd to the description of the constrictive consonant?
a. Fricative
b. Medial sonorant
c. Lateral sonorant
d. Plosive - occlusive
Балів: 1
In this style intellectual and volitional (or desiderative) intonation patterns are concurrently employed. The speaker's
purpose here is to direct the listener's attention to the message carried in the semantic component. This style is frequently
used, for example, by university lecturers, schoolteachers, or by scientists in formal and informal discussions.
a. Declamatory style.
b. Familiar (conversational) style.
c. Scientific (academic) style.
d. Informational (formal style).

e. Publicistic style.
10
Балів: 1
Which is English type of rhythm?
a. Word-timed rhythm
b. Stress-timed rhythm
c. Syllable-timed rhythm
-ukrainian
11
Балів: 1
How many literary pronunciation accents are there in the USA?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
-Eastern, Southern, Western-General American
d. 4
12
The usage of this style is typical of the English of everyday life. It occurs both within a family group and in informal external
relationships, namely, in the speech of intimate friends or well-acquainted people. Generally speaking this style, unlike
other styles, will allow the occurrence of the entire range of intonation patterns existing in English.

c. Scientific (academic) style.

13
Балів: 1
It is considered to be the main variant of literary pronunciation in Great Britain. Its advantages are that it is easily
understood in every part where English is spoken and it is understood more than any other variant. It is mostly heard in
everyday speech of educated people, at English theatres and on the radio.

a. Northern English
b. Scottish English
c. Southern English
14
This style is characterized by predominance of volitional (or desiderative) intonation patterns against the background of
intellectual and emotional ones. The general aim of this intonation style is to exert influence on the listener, to convince him
that the speaker's interpretation is the only correct one and to cause him to accept the point of view expressed in the
speech.

b. Publicistic style.
c. Familiar (conversational) style.

e. Scientific (academic) style.
15
Балів: 1
Which of the following organs of speech does not belong to the group of passive organs of speech?

a. The alveoli
b. The hard palate
c. The uvula
d. The teeth
16
Балів: 1
The point of this theory of syllabic structure of the word is that in most languages there is a syllabic phoneme in the centre
of the syllable, which is usually a vowel phoneme or, in some languages, a sonorant. The phonemes preceding or following
the syllable peak are called marginal. The energy, which is the tension of articulation, increases within the
range of prevocalic consonants and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. Therefore, the syllable can
be defined as an arc of articulatory tension.
a. Muscular tension theory
b. Sonority theory
c. Loudness theory
d. Expiratory theory;
17
Балів: 1
What is the term for the type of transcriptioon that is used in studying English as a speciality?
a. Allophonic
b. Phonetic
c. Phonemic
18
Балів: 1
Which is the most common type of syllable in English?

a. Vc
b. Cvc
c. Cv
d. V
19
Балів: 1
Which of the head patterns is used for normal speech?

a. descending sliding
b. descending stepping
c. descending scandant
20
Балів: 1
The number of the rhythmic groups depends on:

a. The number of stressed syllables
b. The number of intonation groups

c. The number of words
d. The number of unstressed syllables
21
Балів: 1
Which of the types serves as the base for General American pronunciation?
a. the Western type
b. the Eastern type
c. the Southern type
22
Балів: 1
English word stress is of a complex nature. It is:
a. Dynamic, qualitative, quantitative

b. Dynamic, quantitative, qualitative
c. Dynamic, musical, qualitative

d. Quantitative, qualitative, dynamic
-ukrainian
23
This branch of phonetics is concerned with the study of sound as a result of the activities of speech organs. It deals with
our voice-production mechanism, and the way we produce sounds, and prosodic phenomena. It studies respiration,
phonation (voice-production), articulation and the mental processes necessary for the mastery of a phonetic system.

a. General
b. Articulatory
c. Special
d. Auditory
e. Acoustic
24 Arrange the following sounds according to the degree of sonority, from the most sonor to the least sonor. Vowels 1
voiced consonants 3
voiceless consonants 4
Sonorants 2
25
Балів: 1
In this style the emotional role of intonation increases, thereby intonation patterns used for intellectual, volitional and
emotional purposes have an equal share. Pauses may be different in length but long pauses are more common. This style
is generally acquired by special training and it is used, for instance, in stage speech, classroom recitation, and verse
speaking or in reading aloud fiction.
a. Informational (formal style).

c. Publicistic style.
d. Declamatory style.
e. Scientific (academic) style.
26
Балів: 1
Which of the accents of English is English based pronunciation standard?
a. American English
b. New Zealand English
c. Indian English
27
Балів: 1
Which of the following consonants is not syllabic?

a. M
b. N
c. S
d. L
28
Балів: 1
This style is characterised by the predominant use of intellectual intonation patterns. The characteristic feature of this style
is the use of normal or slow speed of utterance and regular rhythm. It occurs in formal discourse where the task set by the
sender of the message is to communicate information without giving it any emotional or volitional evaluation.

a. Scientific (academic) style.
b. Informational (formal style).
c. Familiar (conversational) style.

d. Declamatory style.
29
Балів: 1
The unit of spoken message larger than a single sound and smaller than a word is called:

a. A sentence
b. A syllable
c. A passage
d. A phoneme
30
Балів: 1
What is the prosodic nucleus of rhythmic group?
a. Enclitic
b. Proclitic
c. unstressed syllable
d. stressed syllable
31
Балів: 1
Choose the right order of the rhythmical organization of English prose.
a. A rhythmical group – an intonation group – a phrase – a phonopassage
b. A phrase – a phonopassage - an intonation group – a rhythmical group.

c. A phonopassage - a phrase - an intonation group – a rhythmical group.
d. An intonation group - a phonopassage – a rhythmical group - a phrase.
32
Балів: 1
Which is the place of secondary stress?

a. Between the primary and tertiary
b. After the primary
c. Before primary
33
Балів: 1
This part of an intonation group determines the semantic value of the intonation group, and indicates the communicative
centre of the intonation group or of the whole sentence.
a. The tail
b. The head
c. The nucleus
d. The pre-head
34
Балів: 1
Is there a World Standard English, a uniform, regional, neutral, and prestigious variety at the international level?

a. Yes
b. No
1. What is the succession of periods in the history of English literature? RENAISSANCE – ROMANTICISM –
VICTORIAN AGE - MODERNISM
2. What is the first known literary work in an English dialect? BEOWULF
3. What is the genre of Beowulf? EPIC POEM
4. When was Beowulf composed and when was it written down? 7th-8th century and the early 11th century
5. Where did the action in Beowulf take place? BEOWULF TAKES PLACE IN 6TH CENTURY IN THE
LAND OF THE DANES (DENMARK) AND THE LAND OF THE GEATS (SWEDEN)
6. What monsters did Beowulf kill? GRENDEL, GRENDEL’S MOTHER, THE DRAGON
7. What is alliteration? ALLITERATION is a stylistic literary device identified by the repeated sound of the first
consonant in a series of multiple words, or the repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the
beginning of words or in stressed syllables of a phrase.
8. Why is Bede an important cultural and literary figure in England? He is well-known for his considerable
writings, the most important of which, “Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum”, has gained him the title "The
Father of English History." In addition to being a historian, Bede is also one of the earliest writers of any genre to
have emerged out of medieval England. He is the first writer to rigorously cite his sources, rarely making an
assertion without having a substantial body of documentation to support his argument. In addition to this, Bede is
also known to literature for the composition of a brief poem, known to scholars as "Bede's Death Song" that,
despite its brevity, is one of the most important poems for scholars of Old English because it is one of the earliest
preserved works written in the language.
9. Who started Anglo-Saxon Chronicle? It was originally compiled on the orders of King Alfred the Great in
approximately A.D. 890
10. Who wrote Piers the Ploughman? William Langland
11. What is a romance? the expressive and pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another
person associated with love
12. What is an elegy? is a mournful, melancholic or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the
dead.
13. What is a fable? is a short story to teach a lesson, often with animals behaving as humans, or a story that is a
lie.
14. What is a fabliau? is a short, humorous and typically bawdy poem
15. What historical period does Geoffrey Chaucer belong to? Medieval
16. What is/are the unofficial literary title(s) of Geoffrey Chaucer? the Father of English literature
17. What is Chaucer’s first known work? Book of the Duchess
18. What social event were the storytellers of The Canterbury Tales involved in? travel from Southwark to the
shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral
19. What literary genres did Chaucer use for different tales? frame narrative or frame tale - Romance, fable,
fabliaux,
20. How did the genres of the tales correlate with the social statuses of the storytellers? a knight – romance, a
miller – fabliau
21. How many tales did Chaucer intend to write for The Canterbury Tales and how many did he actually write?
120 - 24
22. Who is the author of the most successful publication of a collection of stories about King Arthur and his
Knights of the Round Table? Thomas Mellory Morte d’Arthur
23. What are the types of the medieval English drama? liturgical drama, mystery plays, morality plays, farces,
miracles
24. What period does Thomas More belong to? Early Renaissance
25. What language was Utopia written in? Latin
26. What does the word ‘utopia’ mean? no-place-land".A utopia is a community or society possessing highly
desirable or near perfect qualities
27. What is the genre of Utopia? Fantasy, Philosophical literature, Dystopian literature.
28. What does the name ‘Hythloday’ mean in English? “expert in nonsense”
29. When did English Renaissance begin? 1485
30. Who introduced the sonnet to the English literature? Thomas Wyatt
31. What is the key to the sonnet? 14 lines, rhyme scheme, iambic parameter.
32. What poet is called ‘the poets’ poet’? Edmund Spenser
33. Who were actors equaled in rights to by the Queen Elizabeth’s Decree of `1572? vagabonds, vagrants
34. What was the name of the first regular English playhouse? The Great Theatre
35. The picaresque novel is a genre of prose fiction which depicts the adventures of a roguish hero of low social
class who lives by his wits in a corrupt society. Picaresque novels typically adopt a realistic style, with elements
of comedy and satire.
37. What type of plays was Marlowe famous for? tragedies
38. What is the name of the man who sought the power of ultimate knowledge in one of Marlowe’s plays?
Doctor Faustus
39. What dramatic subgenre do Shakespeare’s most successful plays belong to? tragedies
42 What is the ‘theory of humours’ by Ben Jonson? The term ‘humour’ as used by Ben Jonson, is based on an
ancient physiological theory of four fluids found in human body. According to this theory there are four fluids in
human body which determine a man’s temperament and mental state. These four humours are: blood,phlegm,
choler (yellow bile), and melancholy (black bile).
43. What historical period did John Milton belong to? - Renaissance, Caroline period.
44. What is the genre of Milton’s Paradise Lost? - epic poem.
45. What Eve’s character quality did Satan make use of when tempting her to try the Forbidden Fruit? - She falls
in love with her own image when she sees her reflection in a body of water. Ironically, her greatest asset
produces her most serious weakness, VANITY. After Satan compliments her on her beauty and godliness, he
easily persuades her to eat from the Tree of Knowledge.
46. What part of the Bible served as the foundation for Paradise Lost?- Old Testament, Book of Genesis.
47. What literary trend did Alexander Pope belong to?- Enlightenment, Augustans: 18th-century literary
movement based chiefly on classical ideals, satire and skepticism.
48. What is the Enlightenment called the Age of?- Reason.
49. What was the predominant genre of the Enlightenment? – novel or essay – don’t know.
50. Daniel Defo
51. What is the genre of Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels? Philosophic novel
52. What was Swift’s main purpose for writing Gulliver’s Travels? Swift's main purpose in Gulliver's Travels
was to illustrate how the English government and society needed a reformation. Swift comically describes a
world of political and social stupidity in a way that satirizes the English world that Swift himself lived in.
53. What is the name of humanlike creatures from Gulliver’s last voyage that embody all human vices? Yahoos
54. What is the main feature of the Enlightenment domestic novel? the sentimental style
55. What was romanticism as a trend opposed to? enlightment
56. What authors made up a group known as the Lake Poets? William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
and Robert Southey
57. Which Byron’s work can be regarded as his poetic diary about his travels around Europe? Childe Harold's
Pilgrimage
58. What stereotype did Byron shatter with his Don Juan? the greatest lover
59. What was Mary Shelley’s reason for writing her Frankenstein? Mary, Percy, Lord Byron, and John Polidori
decided to have a competition to see who could write the best horror story.
60. For what pamphlet was Percy Shelley expelled from university? The Necessity of Atheism.
61. What literary genre did Walter Scott originate? A historical novel (romance)
62. What was Scott’s first novel? Waverley
63. Which trend did Charles Dickens belong to? realism
64. What Dickens’ novel triggered a school reform in England? Nicholas Nickleby, Dombey and Son, and
especially Bleak House
65. What novel by W. M. Thackeray is called ‘a novel without a hero’ and why? "Vanity Fair" The subtitle, A
Novel without a Hero, is apt because the characters are all flawed to a greater or lesser degree
66. What literary trend were Bronte sisters the representatives of? Romanticism
67. What problems is George Eliot mainly preoccupied with in her novels? Grim vision of future and religious
issues
68. What artistic group coined the term ‘Art for art’s sake’? British Aesthetic Movement
69. What was Samuel Butler’s favourite genre? The theatre of Absurd
70. With the exception of novels, what other works was Thomas hardy popular for? Poetry (Wessex Poems and
Other Verses, Poems of the Past and Present )
71. What literary trend did R. L. Stevenson, J. Conrad and A. C. Doyle belong to? -
72. What famous English aestheticist supported the famous motto ‘Art for art’s sake’? Oscar Wilde
73. What author received the first English Nobel prize in literature for his ‘courage of style’? Kipling
74. What philosophical trends became the foundation for modernism? maybe humanism
75. What Irish author is the Father of English modernism? James Joyce
75. What Irish author is the Father of English modernism? - James Joyce
76. What stylistic device was used by J. Joyce to render the mental processes of his heroes in Ulysses?
- His characteristic mental process is a right-minded method of enquiry, proceeding by comparison among
familiar objects;
77. What kind of man did Joyce want to represent with his Leopold Bloom in Ulysses?
The new ‘womanly’ man, as represented by Leopold Bloom in Ulysses
78. What term did Joyce use for the moment when a person realizes the sense of his life?
Epiphany (feeling)
79.What, in D. H. Lawrence’s opinion, is wiser than our intellect?
"My great religion is a belief in the blood, the flesh, as being wiser than the intellect.
80. 1What was D. H. Lawrence opposed to, just like romantics before him?
According to him, people reacted against rationalism because they were bored
(What happened to change this state of affairs? Defenders of romanticism would like to say that human nature
cannot be long confined to excessive orderliness and must break free from such constraints sooner or later.
Russell gives a rather unconvincing reason for it. According to him, people reacted against rationalism because
they were bored: By the time of Rousseau, many people had grown tired of safety, and had begun to desire
excitement. The French Revolution and Napoleon gave them their fill of it. When, in 1815, the political world
returned to tranquility, it was a tranquility so dead, so rigid, so hostile to all vigorous life, that only terrified
conservatives could endure it.)
81. What were the it was banned because it had explicit sex scenes too racy for the time?
іt was banned because it had explicit sex scenes too racy for the time
82. What is the genre of A. Huxley’s Brave New World?
genre – fiction
(new genre of literature that fuses science fiction, political allegory, and literary ambition)
1. Romanticism – reaction to industrial revolution

2. Lake poets – called so because they escaped to rural atmosphere of the Lake district
3. Jane Austen’s works are largely realistic
4. In Don Juan Byron showed women as seducers
5. W. Scott began his career as a poet
6. Dickens is an authorized prose writer
7. Dickens’ Pickwick Club consisted of a philosopher, womanizer, poet, sportsman
8. Samuel Butler is known for his satires
9. Thomas Hardy besides being a novelist was a talented poet
10. Stevenson – neo-romantic
11. Conrad – was born in a part of Russian Empire
12. In O. Wilde’s Picture of Dorian Grey Lord Henry believed in hedonism
13. Kipling won Nobel prize for courage of style
14. In James Joyce’s Ulysses Leopold Bloom is a man in general
15. Modernism is based on individualism and pessimism
16. V Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway is similar to Ulysses because actions also cover one day
17. In D. H. Lawrence opinion our bodily instincts are wiser than our intellect
18. Lady Chatterley’s Lover is romantic because he is against a mechani8sed society
19. Brave new world by Aldous Haxley is anti-utopia
20. Themes of T. S. Eliott’s poetry is pessimism
21. B. Shaw believed in social role of art
22. Orwell was concerned with political themes
23. In Lord of Flies Golding writes of the inherent viciousness of human nature
24. In paradise Lost Satan was driven by jelousy
25. Alexander Pope - classicist
26. Shakespeare did not belong to the University Wits
27. key to the sonnet - word which resolves conflict
28. Beowulf related to king named Higelac
29. Heorot means stag-hall
30. Beowulf kills Grendel barehanded
31. Elegy was not borrowed in English literature after Norman conquest
32. In Knight’s Tale of Chaucer’s Canterbury tales male heroes seek help of Venus and Mars
33. “sheep devour people” in Thomas More’s Utopia means contribute their death
34. In Utopia crime was punished by slavery
35. in Utopia gold was of no value
3. JAkobsón has written that: A) Linguistics cannot interpret any linguistic sample without
translating its signs into others of the same system or into
signs belonging to another system
2. 2. Titles of periodicals (newspapers, A) must never be translated, except in cases when they are
magazines, reviews, etc.) periodicals having an official title also in the metatext
language
3. 4. From the point of view of total C) Culture translatability
translation it is better to speak of:
4. 6. What does Torop mean by B) Transposition and recoding through analysis and
"adequate translation"? synthesis, preserving interrelations between expression
and content planes
5. 7. "Transposition", in translation A) The content plane transfer
studies, refers to:
6. 9. The dominant D) guarantees the integrity of a text structure
7. 13. In Chomsky's opinion, A) the uniformity of the deep structures
translatability is guaranteed by
8. 16. Cultural words (realia) D) sometimes are translatable in the metatext
9. 18. Holmes thinks that historization B) tend to preserve the other's element
and exotization
10. 20. Translating a reality into text is, in A) everyday cultural activity
Lotman's opinion,
11. 23. In Whorf's opinion A) language forms and systematizes knowledge
12. 24. Semiotranslation is a term C) coined by Gorlée
13. 25. In Quine's opinion, translation is B) because an utterance takes on different meanings
undefined depending on its concrete context
14. 29. "Synonymy", in JAkobsón's A) partial equivalence
opinion, means:
15. 31. In JAkobsón's opinion C) rational language is always translatable
16. 40. What are the "thinking aloud B) Written protocols based on translators' activities,
protocols"? gathered to distinguish mental processes the translator
knowingly uses and describe them
17. 43. What is idiolect? C) The peculiar way an individual has of expressing himself
in words
18. 56. The context is B) the cultural, historical, and geographic setting of an
utterance
19. 58. The co-text is A) the words preceding and following a word or locution
20. 62. Inner language is A) different for each individual
21. 63. The translator's name must be B) always, except in the translations of patents
indicated
22. 67. JAkobsón states that D) the study of translation is indispensable for linguistic
research
23. 83. Holmes' mapping theory holds C) a simultaneous map of the original and one of the type of
that, mentally, the translator has the translated text to be produced
24. 85. The mother tongue is C) the language the infant learns from his mother, his father
or from other meaningful parent-like figure
25. 94. Intralingual translation is C) a roundabout way of expression
26. 95. The fundamental communication B) sender – context - receiver
triad is
27. 97. The learning of languages at A) depends in significant measure on the affective conditions
school age or in adulthood in which it occurs
28. 115. Re.: bibliographical references B) there are precise norms in English-speaking countries for
their formulation
29. 116. In a translation of a periodical, it A) what type the translation is: complete, partial, or
is essential to state abridged
30. 117. In the course we talked about B) "context" refers to the general situation of an utterance,
"co-text" and "context" while "co-text" refers to the text in which the utterance is
situated
31. 124. When you learn foreign D) is a didactic tool
languages, translation
32. 125. When the translation of a book is B) place and date of publication in the original language
published, it is essential to state
33. 131. When a text containing B) it is necessary to use the matching abbreviation,
abbreviations is to be translated complying with the ISO 4 and 832 standards in the new
language
34. 132. When you translate from a D) the translator should, deliberately or not, clarify a
language that has a grammatical category message that is ambiguous in the prototext
into one without this category
35. 134. When a geographic name is B) must be left in the original version in bibliographies;
encountered otherwise, a distinction must be made between toponyms
that have Multilanguage versions and toponyms existing
only in the original language
36. 135. When the structure of the B) the translation does not comply with the ISO 2384
clauses, subclauses, and paragraphs is not standard
respected in the translation
37. 137. If the prototext contains units of C) need not convert them into those used in the culture of the
measure, the translator metatext, but must also indicate the corresponding values
in parentheses
38. 141. When the translation of a book is C) publisher, place, and date of publication of the metatext
published, it is essential to state
39. 142. When translating from a C) transliterate only proper nouns and untranslated words
language utilizing a different alphabet, you complying with the ISO standard related to the given
must alphabet
40. 11. Which of the following is true? D) The only existing international standard contains norms
regarding the format of a translated document.
41. 52. Translators not complying with D) cannot state that their translations comply with that
the ISO 2384 standard standard
42. 59. The right to publish a translation D) must always be indicated at the beginning of a translated
of a text publication
43. 39.According to the D) c) zh, sh, shch, kh, f and ts;
Regulation of CMU No 55, dated
01/27/2010,
letters ж, ш, щ, х, ф and ц in the
names of people are rendered into
English as
44. 40. According to the Regulation of D) c) yu, ya, ye and yi in initial position;
CMU No 55, dated 01/27/2010, Ukrainian
letters ю, я, є, and ї in the names of people d) iu, ia, ie and i in all positions
are rendered into English as
9. The do minant D)
13. In Choms ky's opinion, trans latability is guaranteed by A)

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1. bhrata -> brođar; bala -> pol; granum -> kaurn are examples of ...

2. Pater -> Fadar is an example of...

4. Semantic word formation in OE is the … extension of the meaning of a word

5. Old English had ... adjective declensions

6. The verbs in OE were divided into the following groups:

8. There were … verbs in OE listed as irregular

9. The internal way(s) of enriching the vocabulary in OE is(are):

16. -ness; -ing; -dom; -hood; -less are ... suffixes:

18. After-thought, half-baked, chairman, well-known, himself are examples of ...

19. Aloha, haole, kahuna, kanaka are examples from:

20. Aron, cabala, ben, Hasid, Torah, shalom are from:

24. Orange, candy, bahadur, bharat, guru, sari come from:

26. According to the structure of their ICs scholars distinguish... compounds:

28. Derivatives consist of:

30. Positional variants of a morpheme are called:

31. Semasiology studies:

32. Stems that contain … are derived stems.

35. These affixes –th, -ly, -some, -en, -ous are:

39. According to their structure metaphors can be…

42. Another term for climax is:

43. Another term for meiosis is:

47. Indicate what SD is used:

49. Metonymy can be classified into

52. What is the communicative function of meiosis?

53. What SDs are underlined?

56. Choose the examples of mood-auxiliaries

57. Identify the characteristics of the Phrase

60.Which of the below are grammatical processes?

62. Choose the properties of inflectional morphemes

64. Prepositions serve

67.The process of determination of the entities to be used in any syntactic or morphological

68. What is the type of the following morpheme: byte

71. What type of word group is [run fast]?

80. Which is English type of rhythm?

81. Which is the most common type of syllable in English?

85. Which of the head patterns is used for normal speech?

86. Which of the mentioned below features of a consonant is considered irrelevant?

95. Numerals in ME…

96. In the ME a new part of speech appeared. It was…

99. The Early New English became more specialized in

100. Nouns in Early New English … the category of gender

4) Syntactic Stylistic devices =

This approach deals with the matching of thesauruses.

Виберіть одну відповідь

What grammatical category is expressed by the following opposition: to open – to be opened?

Виберіть одну відповідь

Which form of adjective lost all the endings in Middle English?

Виберіть одну віповідь

Виберіть одну відповідь

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. I, III, IV, II, V

Виберіть одну відповідь

Виберіть одну відповідь

Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative are types of sentences according to

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. actual division of sentence

Виберіть одну відповідь

English word stress is of a complex nature. It is:

Виберіть одну відповідь

A. dynamic, musical, qualitative

B. quantitative, qualitative, dynamic

C. dynamic, qualitative, quantitative

D. dynamic, quantitative, qualitative