NATURE, PERSPECTIVE OF ANTROPHOLOGY,

SOCIOLOGY, AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

SOCIOLOGY
ANTHROPOLOGY
o According to Joseph Fitcher it is the
o It is the study of human beings and their scientific study of patterned, shared
ancestors human behavior. It is the study of human
o It comes from the New Latin word social relationships and institutions
Anthropologia which means the study of o Comes from the french word “sociologie”
human being. Shares its ultimate root in which means companion.
Greek, anthropos which means human o The purpose of sociology is to
being understand how human action and
o Is a branch of knowledge which deals with consciousness both shape and are shaped
the scientific study of man, his works, his by surrounding cultural and social
body, his behavior and values. structures.
o It also includes man’s physical, social and
cultural development that describe the GOAL OF SOCIOLOGY
phenomenon of human life The goal of sociology is to help you
TYPES OF ATHROPOLOGY: understand how human action and
consciousness both shape and are shaped
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY by the surrounding cultural and social
o Study on human societies and structure.
elements of cultural life. Studies about POLITICAL SCIENCE
the living people, like their religion,
o It is a social science that deals with
social system, language, clothing,
food, belief and traditions humans and their interactions. It is the
systematic study of a state and its
BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL government.
ANTHROPOLOGY o According to Paul Janet: “Political Science
is that part of social science which treats
o Study on human origin such as genetics,
the foundations of the State and the
race and evolution, fossils and primates.
principles of government.”
This is where we observe our ancestors
o It is a discipline that deals with several
and closest relatives.
aspects such as the study of state and
LINGUISTICS OR ANTHROPOLOGICAL government. It deals with the nature and
LINGUISTICS formation of the state and attempts to
understand its forms and functions
o It also deals with the relationship between
language and culture. It deals with how GOAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
culture affects language, and vice versa.
The goal of Political Science is to
ARCHAEOLOGY
DEFINING CULTURE, AND
o Archaeologist seeks not only to SOCIETY FROM THE
reconstruct the daily life and customs of PERSPECTIVES OF
people who lived in the past, but also to
constantly deepen the knowledge,
trace cultural changes in their societies
and to offer possible explanations of those discover progress and protect the quality
of life within a group, community, country,
changes.
and the world.
GOAL OF ATHROPOLOGY
Create new knowledge through
SOCIETY
researches about humankind and
behavior.
 o It is a group of people with common affect the stability of the other parts of
territory, interactions and culture. the system.
2. IT SOCIALIZED ITS MEMBERS AND
FORM THOSE FROM WHITOUT
- The people must be socially integrated
to be considered relatively large than
if people or individually scattered.
DEFINITION OF SOCIETY
- People in a family, clan, tribe,
o SRUCTURAL POINT OF VIEW neighborhood, community are socially
- Society is the total social heritage integrated to be RELATIVELY LARGE in
of folkway, mores and institutions, scope.
of habits, sentiments and ideas. 3. IT ENDURES, PRODUCES AND
o FUNCTIUONAL POINT OF VIEW SUSTAINS ITS MEMBERS FOR
- Complex of groups in reciprocal GENERATIONS
relationships, interacting upon - People are taught the basic norms and
another, enabling humans to carry expectations. Those who come from
on their life-activities and help other societies, before being accepted
each person to fulfill his/her as functioning members, are socialized
wishes and accomplish his interest and taught the basic norms and
in association with his fellows. expectations of the society.
4. IT HOLDS ITS MEMBERS THROUGH A
IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
COMMON CULTURE
1. SYSTEM OF RELATIONSHIPS - For society to survive, it must have the
2. PATTERN OF NORMS ability to produce, endure and sustain its
3. INTERACTIONS THAT SHOULD BE new members for at least several
MAINTAINED AMONG THEMSELVES generations.
5. IT HAS A CLEARLY-DEFINED
REASONS WHY PEOPLE LIVE TOGETHER
GEOGRAPHICAL TERRITORY
1. FOR SURVIVAL - The members in a society must live in
- No man is an island. No man can live a certain specific habitat or place and
alone. From birth to death, man have a common belongingness and
always depends upon his parents and sense of purpose.
from others. The care, support and
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIETY
his protection given by them are
important factors for survival. 1. IT PROVIDES SYSTEM OF
2. FEELING GREGARIOUSNESS SOCIALAZITION.
- This is the desire of people to be with 2. IT PROVIDES THE BASIC NEEDS
other people, especially of their own OF ITS MEMBERS.
culture. People flock together for 3. IT REGULATES AND CONTROLS ITS
emotional warmth and belongingness. PEOPLES BEHAVIOR.
3. SPECIALIZATION 4. IT PROVIDES MEANS OF SOCIAL
- Professionals organize themselves into PARTICIPATION.
societies or associations to promote 5. IT PROVIDES MUTUAL SUPPORT
and protect their own professions. TO ITS MEMBERS.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY ARCHEOLOGY

- It is the study of past material remain
1. IT IS A SOCIAL SYSTEM of human being such as artifacts, tools
- A social system consists of individuals and pottery.
interacting with each other. A system THE STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL
consists of sub-parts whereby a change in ANTHROPOLOGY
one-part effects the other parts. Thus, a
- Talks about Genetics, race, evolution,
change in one group of individuals will
fossils and primates
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

- It studies on human societies and

elements of cultural life.

THE STUDY OF HUMAN BEINGS

- comes from the Latin word”

antropologia”

CULTURAL DIVERSITY

- It is the range of different societies or

people of different origins, religions,
and traditions all living and interacting
together.

COMPANION

- comes from the french word

“sociologie”

POLITICAL SCIENCE
- It is the study of power and
competing relationships among
states and around the world.
ETHNOGRAPHERS
- These are so called “scribes of
culture”
ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS
- It refers to the systematic study of
recorded and unrecorded
languages all over the world.