6 dec 2021

Seminar 9 "

Ec liniare pe 1R cu coef constanți

Algoritm (cazul general)
"
Rer-olva-ec.casad-eristica-detlA-XT-n.to → MAI -
-
It . , . .
.
,tm } distinct
2-
Daca ✗ c- MAI n R canta u
,
ERM 110} ai .

(A- ✗ In )u×=0
Serie sol 4×11-1 =
ett.ie,

3-
Dacoit c- MA ) NR , my = m> 1

Canta { po "
, .
. .

, p.tmjckeslAIXI.IM liminal 1in Rm )

Serie
pjl = 1A - ✗In
/ tpotdj-e.m-e.l-e.im
Serie sd He = ett
j :O
pjtltte-e.ms
4-
Daca 1=2 tip c- JIA) 0 l
p my
,
> ,
-
-

cauta-uxermlfosi.LA -
13m ) u
,
= 0

#
Serie sol 4×11-1 Rete UH :

t.fm/ettux15-Daca-X--x-iipENA1
Yi It

p
>0
My m> l
-

Canta { po
"
, .
. .

, p.tmjckeslAIXI.IM liminal 1in Rm )

Serie
pjl = 1A - ✗In
tpotdj-e.m-e.l-e.ms
/

Serie sol 9,11-1=12 (ett pjltt ) lie j :O

,m

Yieltl -1m¢ 't

j :O
pjtlttfe-e.ms
{4*1-1} gera =/ 91.1
⇐
Renumoioteara , ,
. . -
, 4m43 sit . Fund de od
.
.

f- - d ,
M

Serie sol
general PHI ✗ ilt) R
a-
.
:
a. a- c- i=1m
i :L
Excl Sase determine
sdeifiagenorala pentru
a.
¥: g- ✗ +

g-
2-

1
A
-1 ! ! -1! . .

1- X-p
" " ""

{
'

H-X+t://e-2-X.io
=

dettt -
XI
, )= i e -
t -
l =/ e- ✗ 142 -

✗3=2
0 -
l 2- I

1=2 Cant u=
/ §)EÑ\{ 0 } ai .
(A- 2I )u=o ,

( i-i://e.at/:1=.f:-.::::1--.a=o-.u=1 :|
o -
e 2 c -

b -
o

a- e-

a-
1! )
1=1 Cant ueR31{ 0} ai . (A- Is )'u=o

i-sr.fi:1//eo.e/=/-i -121
0 -
l l

A- O O O

O -
e t o -
l l
-
l -
l 2 ,

Po
-

(b) (A- Is )'po=0

I:/if.FI/-.a+o=x-.po=a&:/-e-l2rcp:- /&p:-/:.pj- tj.lA-IsHp

f.

.
j=e

pi-IA-i-dpi.fi??o-!//&/--/ ! )
 pi-ta-i.ipi.fi -1/1 :/ =/ 0
:
-
l l

Htetlpoxtpil
e.
/ -
- et

%H1=e4pixtpi)=et|¥t )
>
=

{ 4.1-1,421-1,4 it } >
→
sist fundamental
.

desolut.ie
'

/ =/ e)
4 -
l 0

a)
y'=3✗+y ? -
z a- s

l
e

O
-

4- f -
l 0

det (A- XI )=
,
3 l -
l - l
44 the XP -
-

+1+311 -

H :

I o e - t =/4- d) 11-21-114+3 3t= -

= 4-8×+4×2 ✗ +242-13-11-13 -3¥-

=
-

is -16×2-12×+8 =

= -
( ✗ -213 =
0 X ,
__ ✗2=1,3--2
✗ =2 My =3
Cant
poi
? (A- LISP Po -0 .
-

'

21--312=43: : :X : : :/ =p
e- •

(A- -
l -
l -
l -
l
l
.
-

l
.
l
)
/ : : :X : :-221=(8 8)--0
%
A- -2151?
:
s -
e -
e 2
0 0 0
,

(A- 21st Po >

}
→
-

-0 4) ER
Po
-

Door vectouitrb .

sa-fielin.ind.decialegembar-a.com
pal :/ pit :/ p :-| :|
 11--2 Is It p
jeez
=

Pj
.

=/ ; ; :/ I :/ =/ I /
2 -

l 0

pi ta Ip:
- -

pi l A- 2 Is /
pi
-

-
=

pi -1A -2 I>
Ipos
-
=

pi-EH-ai.si pi
=/ ! :L
1 -

f
tf / / If
f
& =/ I

pi
-
-
111--2IsTpi
=/ ¥ ) E -

pi fi A- ZI Ppi =/ I
-
-

>

/ ÷! !¥ )
"
"
4. HI = e
Ip : tpi Fpi /
+ + = eat 31-+1-2

411-1 = e
"

lpi-itpi.it pi )
=
eat
|
,
-

¥
¥
)
% HI =

étlpo tpi tipi ) + =

e
"

( l
-

-
t¥t
t -1 ¥ )
>
=

{ 4.1-1,421-1 ,
4 > it } →
sist Fundamental de
.
solufii

{
+i =
to
c) ✗i = -8 Xz -
16 ✗ ,

✗j =
Xz
✗ '
=
✗3
y
 { g- oxy
✗1=5×+3
y
d)
.
-
a-
-15 :/
=/ / It -212=0 f. =tz=z
5- t 3
F- 4×+4 =
= >

( /
=

det A- it, →
.
, .
,

1--2 my -2 Cant ai (A- 21--212100=0

po
-

,
.

A- an:/ 3511351--1 : :)
(A- 2T T.pro bata
pi =/ ! ) pi =/ 9)
> ER bian,
Hip
=

.
> . can

IA-2T-zlir-poj-ym-i epi-IA-2I.lpi-f.SI/!- /?s/pi=1A-2I4pi- /?s

Pj
=

-31191--131
411-1 =e
"
/ pd-itpil.it/1H-it./?z/)-.et/3tt1-3t )
/ (9)
t.IS/ =eZte?tzt/MetodaaI-aldepreforatlasistde2ec
eat
Kitt eotlpoxtpi ) +
-
-
=

.
)
{
+1=5×-13
y
'
× -
5✗

y=
→
'

3.x 3
y y
= - -

' '

/ -35×1 ! 5- ✗
t × -

*
3
'

5×1
"
✗ -
= -

gx -
X -15/1

4×1-14×-0 Iec lim.de old Lae eoef const/

"

x
-

.
.

Ec caveat
.
: 12-41+6=0 = >It -27=0 1. =
tz=z
Sol c. eat
general ✗ It c. eat c. GER
=
.

a- +
,

yltl-l-zlzceet-czet-zczek-5c.ek-5czfe.tt/-.-c.e2t-czte2t- Gg eat
Exc 2 AEGIR) X' = Ax . sa-seasateca-limktl-ltlh.ie Sa ⇐

c- → ✗
⇐> Ret LO (f) XENA)
There Dacñ {4.1.1 4m17}
"

f- ,
. ..

,
sist.fund.de Dol .

→
4-141-1 c- GA 411-1 -
-
Éicililt ) we CIER
i=e

limen -

-
Éci tiny Yiltl :

tox i :c ,

Dacia 4×11-1 =e*u,

uxc-VPn.lt/nRmlimYxH1=llimett1u,--o
✗ c- TIAINR
my
-
- l → sol

ok
1- →

tee
✗

1--12111<0
Dacia KENAI DR m
,
: m > e → m dol

%e1tt-ett.E.jpjtltte-e.mn undeptjseobt.im :

¥14 .lt/=limeH?Epjtett-.?EpjHlim1e*.td1-.ooke-.i.mt-sx
no tox

F- Red 20

Dacoit =L HAI My =p 2 sol

lipett.ie
c-
p
> →
0
-

/
{ 4×11-1=12 ,)

exltl.fm/et .a,jUx=UtiweHuy=e4+ip1t1u+iw)=edt.eiPtlu-
→

ino )

eitlcospttisimptllvtiw )
eatlvcospt-wsimptlted-lwcospt-gygyptlin.EE
-
-

"
lime > It -
-

lime hocosptrosimpt ) -

t-s-wlimedtcospt-wlimettsimp.to
t.sn

t-÷ Ex
2=121×120
Daca ✗ =L Sol
tip 13>0 my =m > i 2m
 '

✗
✗ elt ) Dele -
-
't
pjtltt ,
e=eñ
j=o

edtpltlcospt-edto-ltlsimpltlyjeltl-jmlet .ME?pjtltd
-
-

polcudegc-m-ij-o-ed-RU-lcospt-edtsltlsimp.lt
QQ .RS

lime"_ Pltlcosplt ) -0
+
Tu
→✗

d- Re TLO
-
0 Tang
_? >
"

•
lim 411-1=0 it, Yue Sa Reitano 4) XENA)

t-sxpp.ca (3) TENA ) Cee Rex 20 →

De ex
,
✗ c- TIA / n R m
,
=L →
t.lt/--ett.u , U
,
EV Pact ) ARM

propria)
f.
1=12120 dacñ 1=0 -
>
4×11-1=4×+0 lie , vector
☒
dacoit > o -
>
4×114 ettu ,
-
-
→
fi.mg/eHux)-to
± :

Analog § in cetelalk carzuri

13 dec 2021
Seminar 10
Recuperare

Soi
Excl se determine od
generali a ec

{y
>
+
"
3T
'
:
31-2
y ✗

Indicate'e : SV .
t=f
Roz Fs od
t 1×1-1
yl D
sv a-I
%
-

a ec
41=414

{ {yltl
-
-

,
.
.

" ☐" ✗ ✗
⇐,
SV . defines-6
,
funct.iileluy.vn deep , _a
regula Nisi
=yFs
= Nlt)

{ Prstsfsylfs )
'

t.rs →
✗

'
last -3%2 Hrs) -

y
Fs
✗ = ul b) itf ) =
3s } U' Is )

Analog y'☒ 1=35-3 Nis)

( stylist {
'

Huls) " w
=
=

'

¥3M's) ✗µg,
w = he
= 3¥
' "
" '
u =
µ) = w = u = > u -
u =
0

Ec . car act F- 1=0 t=±i

(
☐
Cz e-
☐
Ulb) =
Cee +
U Ci , Cz ER
s
ed
-

VIDI = Ca -
e, e
' '
t
et
( yltl
HH alt -
) =
c. + ↳ e-
circa c- R
-

>
U
t
=
v1 1-3 ) = e. et -
e, e
-

{ y city
'
× :

>
'
-4T
-

Exc 2 Atl :
I ER → Hm / IR) cont +
'
= Altlx

Rti ) : I ✗
I →
Mn IR) rer-dvantaecuat.ie
a) Daca Bc ) .
:
I -
> Mintage de dasa- C
'

sie verified
B' 11-1-1311-1=1311-1 B' It)
-

(f) 1- c- I
atwnci Htt
tc-I-sol.matricealaaec.gl ltly
'

BIH :B
exp
-
-

b) Daca Atl verified Alt ) Abi Abt Alt) t.se I =

it,

exp / Stands
ateemci Rlt , s) : ) cutis c-I si ✗1-1 : I → Mm IR) matric fund de sol
£
. .

{ 9-o.x.lt/--Rlt,t.1Xo
Rtt 81=711-1×-451 .

t SEI ,
 expB.lt/=E.ioB#H=EikBh-1t1-B'Hl=z-iBkYt1.B'
Its
Roz
'

a) ✗ HI =

( k! k 1) !
-

Kao hzo

Obs B' 11-11311-1=1311-11341-1

B' 11-1 B' 11-1 . =
B' 11-1.1311-1.1311-1=1311-1 B' ltl.BA/=BlttBlttB'lt1--B2lHB'lH -

inductive 1+1.1371-1=13^11-1 B' It

'

B -

B' 11-11341-1 Bhltl

E E. It
'
= = B' (f) =
BYH ✗
Keo
b!
b. o
k!

b) ? Rlt f) ,
=

exp
/ 1st Ablds ) =

exp / Sgt Aisids -

{ salads ) =

/ )
"
=

exp Acads exp Als, ds ) ) =

exp Aisidsexpf? Ais, ds )

Defines HH =

exp / Gt Acads / si
,
asaf ca-xi.se matriaa fund de od .
.
→

in bata rozolvantei d.
g. e.
→ →

✗ 1.) matric de sol

Aplic at
pt Bit
-

Sgt Aroids
7. B' 11-1-1311-1=1311-1 B' It ) Hit -

?
Altl
ft Aisids ft Acads Alt)
.
.

Sgt AIH Aislds Sgt Ala Altlds = ok → ✗ 1.1 -

matric de Sol

✗ 101 =
exp / §/ =
exp
lot =
In
detroit =
1--10 = > ✗ 1.) matrices fund de sol . .

Ec afine pe R
At ) :
I c- R → Mm / R)
continue
'

✗ = Alt) ✗ + bit ) ue
b- t.li I ER → Rm

TEOREMÑ -

Varietatea oohifiieos
É AH =
FA , + { %tl} * 1%11 C-
Bailey ,
, by ,

Ec lin.
asociala- i' =
Altlx

{ lot) Rm 9.) sol.ec AHI blt) }

'

Sachet , I → ✗ ✗ +
=
= :
,

5AM =
{ 41.1 : I → Rm 41 , sol ,
ec I
'
= Alt) I
}
Exc 3 Mm IR)
{
'
Fie Al ) .
:
I a- R →
def ✗ =
AIH ✗ +
but let
care '

bi-1 :
I → Rn const I =
AHIE (2)
Iie Rt -1 ,
: I ✗ I →
Until rozofoanta ec in
a) Dacoit c- .
I Yol -

1 : I -
> Rm Yoltl :# RH ,
s) blinds

b) 9.) este sol 711-1=121

t.to/Xo+4olt1Rer-aiYmi.1doriwabila-pt.ca-Ri-i
a ec in ⇐
(F) ✗ oeizmai .

) cont by cont,

¥121T slblslds
'

% 11-1=121 t.tl bltl + ,

=

Iie I → Mm IR) mabu-afwnd.de sdpt.ec him

RH.rs/--Xlt1X-ls1=JmBlH+ftotxYHx'is1bls1ds--blH+StjxYHx'is1bls1ds
✗ 1.) : asoc 121 →

↳✗ it bed

sdmatriceal -blt-ift.AIHRlt.slb lds-blt-AIHSt .RH.gl#

in → ✗ is

ds

=
Alt) Yoltltbltl ok

Th Varietatea Dol
,
:
Saner Say Hotel] ,
: be % IMESAH
big

G) Colt t.fi?Rlt.s1blb1ds "

41-1 =
SA , ,
c- >
(F) ✗
•
ER ai . 411-1=1214 to ) Xo

41 Dol (F) Xo ERM

ai.PH/--Rltitolxo-i4olt1okExc4aet1,azl.1:ICR-suReonti--Aelt1x'
.
) a ec ⇐>

+ azltlx
si fie 6. c.) : I → R '
sol a ec .

a) sa-seetectuer-eosuccesieeney-e.TT , + '
Z
y
-

b) Diane det Yui ? ai Heh Yay ] bist fund de sol

= .

,
. .

pt.ec .

flimsiest .
fund de .
sol -
-

sfiutoate sol
Roz
y ¥, ¥¥,
xltl-gltle.lt/xl.1sollyltleelt1Y- aelt(ylt1YiltP-iazltl ylt1-9ltH
sv
fits
→
→
- -
- -

'

a.lt#t1eKti+yltHiltD-iazlHyltleiH)yYt1YalH-i2yYttY,ltl+y1t1
⑤ 11-1441+841941-11
-
-

.
eiltl -
. .
.

.lt/-iy11t1ly2Yilt1-azl4,11-1+2-429
YYHY
' t1eiltD-iglt1lYilt1-a,lt1eilt1-adHqltD=o5.V:Z--
2-" It) -
a. Ltl 94-11=0

,
a. ltlazltl Hilt )
-

z , z
eiltt

scalcoa-asz-uy.ee#alHdseeyz-.sylH--cfgIeStIa'Ndsdsv-1R
2-1--91147 ec .
lim .
13 dec 2021
Seminar 11 n

Ec afine pe R
At ) :
I ER → Mm / R)
continue
'

✗ = AIHX + bit ) µ
b- t.li I ER → Rm

Algoritm ( Metoda variației constantelor)

"
considera- ec . tin .
asociatñ E' = Alt) E
Det { Yin , . . .

,
Emil } sist fund .
. de sol .

Obs Daca Alt) A Um IRI

alg
→
= c- voei

Serie sol Éciiiltl

general a- EIH =

i. i
we CIER

-iÉ ciltl Tilt)

2
Canta
'

aol.de forma HI
'

✗ 1.tool → Éiciltl Tilt )

i=a
= bltl → Kramer
→ ciltl =
. . .
,
i = him → ciltl =
. . .

,
i : i ,m

→ ✗ 11-1 = . . .

Ec lin de ordin superior cu coef constanți

in '
É MJ ' '

ajc-R-j-i.mj.it
✗ = a. ✗

Algoritm
Rotohea-ec.casacteristic.at? É
"
1m£ It m )
aj
→ ,
,
g.
.

2.
1- Nett

=/
dacoit rider j-i.mx
Soriesoe qiµ, tj left
-

tj eat
• cospt dacoit =L tip 13>0 g-
=
am
,

gimpy
-

"
Renumosotearñ { 4,4 ) / trade 14.1.1 4m11 } }
j mm ,
.
= :
, ,
. . .

Serie sol
general ;É ciltlyi It )
'
a- 411-1 aeci c- R "-
' in
 Ec afine de ordin superior
'n'
g.lt/xm-J-ibltlÉ
✗
.am/-1,bl.liI-sRcontj-.i aft
=
.
. . .

g.lt/x-m-jj-.i
"
consider lim asocial ec .
a- E
'm '
=

Determine Emil} sist 19TH , . . .

,
-

.
fund .
de sol .

ver-ialgoritmsoieesol.genorala-x-ltt-E.ci
Obs Daca
ajltk-ajc-Rj.im
→

Tilt ) cic-R.i-e.rs
i. a

£
Canta aol.de Forma xlH=Éci Tilt )
i. i

Roeohiasistemul
algebra :

É:c:(thin

µ
-0
-

Éicilt.tt?lt1--o Games ciltl → ✗ It / i-l.rs

→ >
-
=
Ciltt =

!
. . .
. . . . . .

. .
. .

Éicilttei
- In 2)
-

I
It / = 0
i. i

Éicilttli
- In -11

HI =
bltl
i=i

Excl Sai se determine ☐ d.

generate
{y
"
2x
-4g
✗ -

a)
set
-3g
' - ✗ +

}
☒

{ ig ¥ if -13511--21 g- +3g ) 6g
= - '
'
= > -

E-c. him asoc '

I I ' '

g- +3g
'
3g
-

g- +3g 2g -12J
-
-
-
-
"
=

" '

g- g- -2g + 0
=

Ec . caked- 14×-2=0 te= -2 tip

It ) et-cze-dtc.cz ER
g-
=
c.

x-ltl-c.et-zcze-H-3.ge/--i3cze-2t---4c.et-qe-2t 't

{ yltt-c.lt/ettez1t1e-2t
✗ 11-1=4 c. Ite'T cate
Cant aol.de forma
 -214C .lt/e+-iczlt1e-2t)-4lc.lt1e+-iczlt1e-2t )
't)'

☒(c.lt/ettezlt1e-ZtY--4c.lt1ettEzlt1e-Zt-3(c.lt1ettez1t1e-Zt)+3et
ltettczltle -

c.

4ciltle.tt#tet-icilt1e-2t-2te-t--4Celtet-2Czlt1e-2t
{ ciltlet-c.lt#cilt1e-2t-2te-Tt-.c-tet-?Ete-t-i3et
{
4cilt et-cilt e-H-ocilt et-icz.lt/e-2t- 3et,y3cilt1et- -3et-scilt1- -e Celt)
-
-
-

t -1k ,

cz'lH=4e3t e,
11-1=43 est + kz
11-1=41-1-+4 )et+(§e3t+k / e-
at

↳
✗
,
↳ HER
11-1=1-1-+4 )et+(§e3t+k, / e-
at

{y
"
Pb 2x k,
-4g
{
✗
4kt
Cauchy +101=2021
-

- - -
.

set →

-3g
'
✗
kz=
+
-
k,
Flo )=2ozz . . .

(y
"
+ -2×-3
b) y
Zytasimt
' - -
-
x

t
Exc 2
"
-13×4+3×1 + ✗ afinadeosd
-

a) × = e -

ec . 3

Rot limasoc -135 -13×-1+5=0

" "

ec . .
E
Ec .
ccoract 1,7312 -13×+1=0
1×+113--0 ii.
h-ad.trip.la
⇐ e
-

m =3 -

T.e-taecncnczc-RCautsol.de
lt/- e-te-zlt1- te-te-slt1=t2e-tSd.genoral-aIlt1- Cie-t-1Czte-t Czt'
xlt -celtle-t-cs.lt/te-t-cslt 2e-tcilt1e-t-icilt1te-t-c'slt 2e-t--o
forma

{ ciltle-ti-iciltlte-ti-cs.lt/t-e-t1'- ociltKe-ti-iciltlte-ti -ejltlt2e-t1'- e-

t

ciltle-t-ics.it/te-t-cjltt2e-t--o
|
t

{ ciltle-t-ic.lt/le-t-ite-t1-icjlt1lzte-t-t2e-t1=ocilt1e-t-icilt1l-2c-t+te-tj-cilt
: e-
⇐
-

2e-t-4te-t.it?e-t1=e-t-ciltl-iciltXl-t1-cslt1l2t-t7--o
)/

x÷÷;÷÷÷÷÷÷÷:* .
*.
①
②+ ⑤
-
②
 cilt -121-411-1=0

{ -
ciltl -112-21-10,11-1=1
µ,
'

2oz 11-1=1 cilti :{ ciltt t .

-
ciltl -1-2-1-12=1-2
-2

✗ 11-1=1 # + b.) e-t-tlt-z-ikzle-t-tYE.tk/e-taekmkz.kzc-R

Pb
"
→ kmkz by
Cauchy
.
✗ 101=13 ) X' 101=12 ✗ 101=2021 ,

b) 4-1×2 sent
✗
'
-_

t3xm+t× ✗ 1-2
'
c) - =

Roz ec.limasoc.PE
"
+ ti
'
- E- o -

ec .
Euler
sv . It =L Ppt > o → t.es
HEH sofa ec . 5. v. defined ofunct.ie ya dupoi regula yin
= Ece " ⇐

Eltkyllnt )
⇐

F' lest
>
e
"
E
"
les / + e
'
+ Ele 1--0

Ile7=yls1
E'
Ill'
'
tested -_

y' 1st
=
> I' lest
.gl/s1e-b 111

't stet
" "

Jis
I tell .es
☐
) e-
y
-
- -
-

"
I
"le9=y"lDé glue
↳ '
111
-

" "

2jble-BX-mley-yu.is/e-30-3yYsie-s'-i2yis1e-sse3Yymis1e-30-3y
Josie
" "

ymlssé -2g
ble
"
i' test es
-

-
-

-
-
+

2yiole-sy-edylsie-d-y.IS)
"
-

/ sie + =D

" "
/ D)
-13g 1st y
'
lol 1st
=
O
f
-

-3g
"

y -3g -13g y
" ' -
:O aeec.catact 13-35+31-1=0 ⇐> H 113--0=>1,3--1
-

{
¥1b/ =eb
Yzisrses
43101=5 es
Sol
general yisi-cies-czs.es Cassie > GER
.
a- + we Cncz ,

5.v.
ylsl
Ele
ElH=g(lnH 't ⇐
-_

iltl-ceelnt-iczllntlelnt.is/lntPelnlElt1--c.t-cztlnt+Cstlritcuci.ca ,
GER

cant aol.de forma xltt-c.lt/t-czlttlnt+cslHterit

 {
ciltlt-ic.lt/tlnt+c5lHterit--o ① it
ciltl-iciltkent-H-iciltlllrit-izlntl.co ② oiamane

ciltl.lz-iciltflnt.tt E)
'
+ =t ⑤t

ciltl-icz.lt/lnt-cjltl rit=o(cilH-iciH1(ent-iH-icilt1l rit-i2lnt1- ocilt1

+ cj(Hl2lnt -121=1-3

{ ciltl-2lntciltt-ociltl-iciltl zlnt-2.lt >

Hi

Kitt it> ciltl =¥ → ciltl = -

tent
ciltl tent -
-
.
# bit =

# hit

d) Px
"
4- ✗ too
'
-
= but

Exc Sie det sol tx -1121-+1) X'

lt-elx-eti.stiimdca-ec.hn
"
3 se a ec +

gem
. .

asoc are od eTlH=ae✗t a. ✗ c- R

Roz tx -1121-+1)
" '

✗ + It + e) ✗ = et ec .
adina
+11-+11 ✗
'
him ti latte)E
"
ec .
asoc - = 0

T.tl sol =
> a =L . . .
L= . . .
→ 4TH) =
. . .

I Scolari imz
him 2-11-1
yltl
'
5. V 2-
=

y y
-

ee
- -
- . . . . . .
- -
.
.

g- µ,

Elt) =
. . .

variation const Ht ) =
. . .
20 dec 2021 *
Seminar 12
Recuperare curs
Excl Fie ec 2X ✗
"
=
1+1×112 HI

a) dacñ 9.) ii. CR -

> R este sol aec d) atumci 411-1,441-1=10 lateI
b) dacñ 9.) II CR -
> R este sol aec (e) atumci 4.) este aol.si a ecxm -0

c) base detsd ec let

d) bist .
can asoc.it admit E. V. G.

e) Function fit ix. ✗d)

,
=/ ✗ z
, ¥? ) me verified ipoteaele i. E. 6 .

Roz a) 41.1 Dol is 2411-14 11-1=1+14111-11

"
'
=/ 0 → Ok

741-1=1+4 't"
' '
b) 41.1 sol ee let >
=
twit / +2411-14 11-1=27111-1411-2
"

2411-1

is 4 11-1=0 "

OK

✗
m
= 0 → ✗
"

=c → ✗
'
=
ct + d ✗It / =
c. ¥ + dt + e c
, d. e c- R

✗ It)= at lot -1 d- 2
a. b , CER

c) ✗ 1.) sol ec
(e) : 21A + let -1 d-212C =
I -1lb -12 d- P
4 act 4 bet -1401-2=1+62-14 Got +401-2

c =
1+62
ka
1+62 '
✗ It / =
qtbty t en a ,b ER a =/ 0
↳a.
,

d) sist . can . asoc .

{
✗i =
xz
lxxi
✗ a' =

Lie

7- It , lxnxzl ) =/ ✗ z
, ¥? ) Fe .
.

) : Rxl #
-
✗ R) → R2 cont local Lipschitz III
,

→
T C. .
L → E. v. L deschisa

U L.
←>
U . G .

Sol .
bist . can .
asoc .
91-1=141-1,411.11 uncle Yi -
i
-
aol.ec 111
.

911-1=1 a-ibt-il-L.at 1¥ .tl

'

, A+

4) Ito 1×2
, ,
✗ ill c- RH Rt ✗ RD (F) 91.1 : R >
- Ñ aol.ae 4^1%1=1×8 ,
✗ it

{ T.IT?=xdf+ltli2a
" bt:
a ,b= ? ai .

'

to = to
 { a-ioto-btoz-xi.io?-o--sza=2xo'-Xoto-bto=sa+bto-z=xd-#zto
calade . "

i.F. G. e-c. it :
Ix Rm → Rn cont sie ca (D) E.
G.pe I ✗ Rm

Fci ) RARER) verified

R2
ipoter-at.E.co
'
: =/ → me se .

Exc 2 Il t /
-
'
x
"
-
1- ✗' + Ex -0
-

,
✗ ER
a) Sci se efed-uozes.ir .
f- cos ☐

b) Fdosimd
Faptulca Cosma
=t[ ✗+ i e -
xp + (✗ i
- 21m
e- ✗ ] 2- arccosx
-

Sci se agate ca-ec.admikeasol.ofund.ie polinomiala

Roz 1- =
coss → Il cos's ) -
✗
"

(Coss ) -
coss ✗
'

Koss ) -1×2×1 cos D) = 0

sol s.vdefinytefunct.io yiideepa

regula
5. v. → ✗1-1 a ee ✗ loss )
gosh
.
,

✗ Koss) 111
'
⇐
xltl-ylax.cat/
ylb)
=

) / sins)
' '

(
✗ Coss y / b)
- =

C- > X
'

/ cos g) =
-
¥1b) 111
'

sins
"

⇐>
"

✗ loos D) 1- sins, = -
Y 1st sins -

Y' b) Coss ⇐,
Jim 2s

"

⇐>
"

✗ ( coss ) :
T 101 sins -

fist coss
sins

sina.f.IN sins -

fist coss + cos , Y +

Fight -0 →
just -15yd -0 →
"

-1kg -0
sin's sin , y

Ec caract.fi?-o
. → ± it
→ Dol c. cos/ to/ Cz sinks) GER
gem gin
= + c. ,

5. v.
yes,
=
✗ cos s ⇐ > ☒
ltl-ycorccos.tl
xltt-c.co/Xasccost1-czsimlXarccost)c..czc-R
✗ c- >
✗ ltt.co/Xasocostl=..--fct.pol
=
☐

Exc 3 Iie a. 1.) , azl ) . : I C- R -

> R cont ✗
"
=

a.lt/H+azlt1xsi.fie9tl:I-sR*sol .

a) Sie efecteeoze 5. V. successive 7- '

y
se
y= ,
I

b) Sci se det . sol .

gon
a ec .
 c)
S-aseg-aseasca-sol.genaec.tn -121-+11×1-1 Itter et istiimd limasoc
" -
-
cñec . .

Y.TT/--e&t,2eRRer-a1S.v.y-.¥¥It,yH1=
are sol de forma

, xltliyltle.lt
sd

lyltl-Y.lt/i--ait1lyltl-9ltD'-azlt1ylt1hlHylt14ilt1-i2yYt1eilt)-
✗H -

yltle.TT/--ait1lylt1-9ltD'-i114411-11+811-11azlt1ylt1hlHj1t1Y.ltl+jlt1l2ei1t1-
tH÷÷gtD=°
a.

11-1124111-1 114911-1=0
g. 11-1911-1 y' +
a.
-

AHHHH -24

.lt/z: : =alt1z- sZlt1=ceA(H

' '

5.v. 2- → z
=y
=

A' c.) = al ) .

"" ""
y'=z y' yltl dstk KER,toEI
→
=
ce :c e c.

¥,
-
-

y
→
xltl-yltl.ee/t)=cQilt1fttoeAHds+KeiH1c,kc-R
c) Ec . lim asoe .
ti -121--111×-1 -111-+11×-0
"

E. (the 't 5,1 .

) -

sol
tiedt -1217112ft +11-+1)edt=o

t.lt/--e1s.v.y-eF-t,ylt1--
* ten
HIIIII d÷=o
-
→ 2=1

Elt )
etyitl
-
-

et

HH-yitl-izetyltl.ie/-j1tD-l2t+i1leYylt1te4yltD+lt+l1eY-ylt1--o
-1g 11-1121--21--11 -1411411--121%+11-+111=0
"lH 't
'

g.
t '
-0
y
-

E-
'
iz
'

¥ 1-+0 Ppt >o

g
-
-

2-
'
=
¥ → zH1=ceS¥dt = d- CER

g
'=z
get ylH=cÉ -1k KER

gltkcttk c. KER

g- ¥ → EIH -
-

yltlet
Fltkctettket c. KER
 Cant aol.de forma xlttdtltet + Kltlet

{
C' ltlte-t-K.lt, et -0
-

e' 11-112 tet + Pet ) + K' ltlet . -

-
et

11-1=-1--2
{
C' 11-11-2-1 K' 11-1=0 → K'

C' 11-1121-+1-7 + K' 11-1=1

µ

-
stilt = -
l = > C' Itt =

It
CIH =

I lent -1k ,

Kmk , ER
Kltl ¥-1k
=
,

It =/ tent -1K )

tet-1-E.kz/etcuKi,kzc-RExc4T-ieanazERlHXh--a.x'-iazx.Not-amfla
✗ ,

,, Az ) =
{ TEE / XZ =
a. ✗ +
}
Az

Soi se cerate cé :
"
a) ✗ c- Rn na , , ay
⇐>
4×11-1 -
-
e e Sol a ec let

b) ✗ =L tip c- Manacles 4×114 Re left /

:

sunt dol ale ecu,

filth.fm/ett ,
c) him 411-1=0 4-19.1 oof eci ) ⇐> Det LO 4) ✗ c- Mama , )
1- → no

Roz a) das
b) Acdasi calcul de la
"
,
a) arata ca-YT.lt/=ettvoieficaIIti=aielt1-iazeTt)
c) is Pp .
(3) tae Retzo → sol him to
"

E- 6-191.1 sol 41.1 :c . 4.1<1-14%11 ,

uncle {9.1-1,91-1} sist fund Sol
.
.
20 dec 2021
Seminar 12
✗ 1=714×1 f- I ;-) D= : ERM → Rn cont diet
2ft ,
-

,
'
) :
Df ER ✗
☐ → Rm wanted maximal

2) IIIT }) It IT , }) .tt'T })) Rm este

-

A) IT , 3) D ✗ 1- ii. →
-

c- e. ,
-

sol . maximala- unica a

pb .

Cauchy lift } ) ,

}) )
]
-

D.de/t.T.3)--delt,T ,
It Ili } a- c- ,

del ii. 31=4,31-1

-

delist, } ) =
}

ti Dzdalt ,T , } / 1=2--4-11-15 } ))
wariat.iey-Dzflt.de-lt.ir
a) IT , } / ED > aol.aec.im

y gli }) / en / =
fi , })
-

☒ 11T
, } / ED ti > Ds ✗e- It ,T , }) / =
✗ e- It ,T , } ) ) c- LIN",R4=MmlR )
aol.matriceala-aec.im

wariqtiiy-Die-lt.dflt.TT/1ycuy1T1--IqX'--flt ,
✗ it) ft .

,
.

.
.
) :D c- RxR^✗Rm → Rm

☐ =D fi , .

,
.
cont C' II.It
)

il :D.e C- R×D wanted maximal parametrized

yl
-
- -

i i

4- 11T , } , NED 2.ec ,T } ,t) .

,
: IIT } 1) =/ Eli }
,
,
,
, H.tt/T , } ,t)) → Rm
sd maximala- unica
pb Cauchy a :

☒I .

.
.

.tl ,i , })
Did e- It ,T , 3,11=7142+(1-513,1) d) ,
te IIT, } d) ,

delist } d) ,
,
=
}

]
-

Let it } -

, , 11=4 } .tl " ,

1- D. de-lt.in } ,t) sol '

Diflt Let,T } ,t) , 1) FIT } ,t)
ylTl=
I >
y y
-
- -
, ,
,

ti > D> Lett ,T , } ,t)

aol.matriaala-uj-Diflt.delt.in } Hilly ,
glil Ia :

ti >

.tl/=&Lelt,Ti3,H/c-LlRF1Rk1-~Mkl
Durrett ,T }
R1oolmatriceala-
variate pt parametric
,

a ec.im
'

z
'
:
Dztlttxelt ,T , } ,t) , 1) 2- +
Djflt Lett ,T } 11,1 )
,
,
,
2-117--0
Excl Iie ei }) : II }/ c- R > R ZER od maximala- pb Cauchy
-
.

, , a

=
✗ 3-1-2×2 -12T ✗ (e) =
}
a) Soi se agate ia Ylt e) It
,
'

b) Sie se calculate DZYH e) ? ,

=

Roz sol maximal_a

a) Yi ,n pb a
Cauchy
.

✗
'
=P-1-2×2 -12T ✗111=1

Iie 411-1=1-2 41.1 :R→R

'
Y 11-1--4>11-1-8471-1 -12T 21=1-6-1-44 -12T
4111=1
Iie felt,H =P t X' +2T -
'
ft ,
-1 iR× → R cont DIII T.CL

E. 0.2 sol RXR deschisoi

pe
= > 41 .

,
11=41-1 OK

b) Iie ✗
Df → R
e-
1- , -

it : current.nl maximal c '

41431=4141,31 daca.nu stabile'm line

legñtusadimtre Y si
-

counted maximal → se duc calcalele

Die It }) =D > df It 1,3) ,
,

7 =L → Dzflt e) =D> 2g It , , 1,1)

t I Dz de.lt sol Dzflt, Lett
e)
1,111g
'
=L
JIM
>
e.
y
:
, ,

Deflt, 1=3×2-21-2
} 8=1311-4
'

?tyy
✗
✗ =
> -2T ,,, ,
y
,

halt 1,11=4 It , e) inte

g- they
'
y
, - '" :

yltl ce .e÷=e c- e-
¥
ya
→
-

, :c
-

Dzflt, it =D > 2£ It 1,11 )=e¥¥

ylt
=
,

Exc Fie et ,i)

'
2 : IIT) - > R sol maximala- a
pb .

Cauchy
(
'
✗like
'
✗
=×g+t
:(
y titty flit o
' -
-

al Sci se orate ai 41401=1%+1,0)

b) Sai se calculate Da 41401--2

{ y :(=×gxttly
-11-2
. '

✗ ✗ 101=1
Rot a) 41,0) Dol maximala- a pb '

go)=o
Iie 411-1=1%+1,0 ) Yi .
) :
R -
> ut
=/ ¥+11.0 §
{(¥+11
'
-11-2 -11=1

0=43+1+1-1.0 0=0
 T-ieflt.ltigl-ry.it?cx-it1y1fiiliRxR2-su2icontdcI
Iselin
) →

TCL / Th V. LÉ> 0.6

→
Cauchy Lipschitz → E. U L
peR×R2
-
-
-

V. G

41T , 01=-411-1 OK

b) Fie del wanted maximal

'

be 422
-

iii. → c

✗ It tl-de.lt ,T ,
, 11011 1¥
Dz 41T it =D> dfltii , 1401)
,

9=0 →
Ditto)=DzLf It 0111,01 ) ,

ti > Dzdflt, 0 , 11,011 od w Dzflt Lett 0,14011W

'
=
,
v10) : -710,140))
,

"

=/Kitty) )
¥
g) =/ y
Y ✗
7- It ix. ,
g)
Dzflt ix. ,
xtt

dflt 0,11011--41401-9 ( ¥+1,0 )

,
-

solute;a maximala- care lamomentulo impounded 1401 ianxdoareat

¥+1
to:/ =/ .tk :/ 1*1=-1.9
°
N.io
• ¥

( =/ ¥ 1)
Ni = + v. Unto)=o

Ni -11+14 Nz Nato)=0

}
"¥
I -
-

salt -0 → Ni -
-
• → NIH :c
N / 01=0 } c=o →
v14 :O
,

Da Ylt O) ,
-
-

Date It 0,14011=011-1--10,01
,

Exc 3 Fie 41 ;D : IIH ER → R sd .

maximala- a
pb .

Cauchy
It -1,1+1
'
✗
'
=
✗+ ✗ 101=1

Sci se calculate Dz 41401=7 .

Roz Fie e- It .at/--i-Xt2+X-il

71 :< it in → R cont III.It

Fie De wanted maximal parametrized

'
✗
e-
1- iii. .
>
-

R c

41471=2+140,41 XD ,

1--0 ball /t.co/=Dzdflt,O,O,O)-iDade-lt,O,0,oD

ti 0,101011
Diff od
y =D2f( t.de/t.olo.oHo)yylo)--
'
> I
,

1- I > Daflt 001,0)) ,

od z '=Dzf( t.gl/-,o(o,oHo)ztDz7lt,dflt,0lQoH0 )

2-101=0
7- /
t.at/--x2yfZt2+X-ipDoiflt,x,H--2x deriratafctdupa-adouavah.la moix

D③Flt,x ,
>1=2×1-2+1 - n -
ireia was ,
la moi I

✗ e- 140,901=7 .

X'+
separable
"
✗ i ✗
101=0 ec.ae was .

¥=ñ+e← 9¥ >
,
-
-
dt
19¥ ,
-

fdtc-sasd-gx-t.lk
xlH=tglt+k ) ✗ 101
-_tgk=o → K -0=3

xltktgt 2+140,0
,o1=tgt
{ g- atgty 801=1
=2tgtz+ , -2101=0
'
2-

"Htdt=ce-25 ?¥Fdt =ce→ln¢•t1= cosy c

car
g-ztgty-syltt.ee
go)=c=l yltk
ztgtzxl
'
z 2-14=0
-
-

z-r-ktgtlz-szltt.IT
Cant aol.de forma zltt.CH/
cost

1¥71 atgt
'
2- Had +1
-
-

cltlzcostsimt.2simtcltlcos.at
C' ltlcost -

→ 1
cost

Copt
dlticost
2ñmtclH=2÷ -

→ a

at )
=L C' It = cost
coset

cltl-fcostdt.SN?2t-dt-.t-z-isim2t--ikkc-R
 É+Ñ^¥yK
>
=
2-41 = ZCOKK -0
cost

2-114=21--1 simzt
↳cost
6+21=1 sémzt
☐ 244,01 =D> 27140,0101 +
Dade 19010,0) yltl
'
-12-11-1 =

↳ cost
3 ian 2022
Seminar 13 "
Integrale prime pt ec dif pe 1R
¥ -
. f- It ✗ I ,
fc .

,
.

) :D ER ✗ Rm -
> Rn f- 1×1 =/fat , -1 , . . .
.
Fml 'll -

¥_
.fi/t,x)i=i.m-&ex=lXm.. ,XnlERmDefTintegral
-i-.-i:DoCD-sRs.m
-

1-14×1 /
ptfi.it/dacaFii1meconstanta-N-l4c.isolaecgsaph4ncDo
prima pt
'

.
a- ec .
✗ =

(F) Cy c- R ai .
Flt , 411-11=-4

Obs FKI ;-) i Do → R RK arbitrate

Fit
integrate prime Hili R
-1
-
>
, ,
. . .
, ,

Fie 61 -

i
-
I : Do → R
614×1=11-1 F. I ;)

Criterial D= Do ,
Fi , -1 Cont , Do =
Di , Ftili Do → R derivabila
Atunci Ft , -1
integrala- prima ⇐>
¥-1T ,
✗It É? It ,
✗ 1. tilt, ✗1=0 kilt HE Do
.

i= .

Def Fet ,
-1 , . . .
, Fat , -

) : Do → R ,
derivable ,
integrate prime am .
functional independente
rang / }g
.HN/i. . n- -klmaximl- mX-Ht.xk-Doj=nmT-.l-i1i. . Fmtil:Do-
daca

R
integrate prime functional independent
>

Ci ER od sub found implicita-

E- It
generate
✗I =
Ci i-e.me .

Reducerea ordinului cu ajutorul

integralelor prime
Pp . Fit ,
-1
,
. . .
. Fat , -1 i Do → R
integrate prime functional independent 1k
<m )

Pp .
det
( It, ✗
1) i.j.mn 0 HI KHE Do

F.i.t.lt?-..:Xk.Xk-iii---
{
i ✗m ) ) =
"
TFI
Xj Yj It
✗ Xm , Ci , Ch) Ñ
ha ,
j
> : . . .
,
-
•
, . . .
,
-

In It Ha , ,
. .-
, Xk , ✗
k+ , i
. . .
, Xm))
=
Ck
 yn
d✗ 7- It , Y, It Ck ) , 4h It
k -11 ✗
=
µ, , µ, ,
. . .

, Xm , Ce , .
. .
. .
. .
,
,
✗ha
,
. -
'

I
✗mic .
, . . .
, Ch ) , ✗ h , , . -
i
✗m )
,
.

dt
" \
-
- ,

,
yn , y y, µ, ✗ ,, ,, , ,,
y , yxn µ , ,, , ,
µ, , ya, , yn
.
, ,
,
,
,

,
.

,
, , .

, , ,,
, . .
.
,
,
.
, , , ,
, , ,

,
. . .
,

n - k ee .

{
'
✗
y
=

Exc
-

• Fie ec
:L at
?
.

'

y ✗

S-asearak-ca-F.lt High it
integral
-
este a-
a) ,
+ ✗
y prima
b) Sai se det sol
{gem
. . .

? }
c) T-zl.it ai F. I. -1 Fal il
integrate prime functional independent
= -

.
,
,

Roe
a) Criterial 3¥ It,HyD -1 It ,
High tyi
.
+

°¥y It,
High
-

18¥ )
'
at
y
2t+yty
-

= , + * 0 Ok Fil il int
prima
=
→ → -
.

Felt,
High =t4xy
b) F , It, ix. C
g)
=

¥-2 ¥ separable
' '
t → ☒ → ec.ae was
xy
c
y
+ = = = = .

xdx.lt?c1dtfxdx--(t2- c) dt
¥ E. d- k -
-
-
+

11-1=-1 2¥ act -12k

(
✗
-

c. KER '
c- t
It/
y
=

±
2¥ - act -12k

a k= ¥ ¥ - + d-

=
¥ § -
+ It?
xylt
=
¥ they
+
+

=
¥-1 -1¥ txltlyltl +

Fie Fzlti ,
High : =
¥ -1¥ txy + int prima .

Facem matricea
Jacobiana-
 High }yHHyD
t.a.gg/=xFtytI/det----i--0Mltx.yDc-
It ,

Do
It, ix.
y
"
gig ,

/
*
g) 1=1 y 8¥ /
y
= -

'
Fri )
RxlR¥R1_
e- It ix. -

, : → R

y :y¥
,
'

Do =-D →
F. , Fz
functional indep .

/
i.
y
y
= -

y 5¥
' 1.x
:

'
'
at
ytxy
✗ = -

Kyi -12T o
-
-

'

Hy it't (7) CER ai

'
) -1 t
xltlylt :c
-
=
0 .

int
'

Filthy D= it
prima
→ ☒
g-
.

µ
:
t
-
✗

t -1×-1
É×c2 Fie e, §
✗ t
-
'

y
:

tiny
S-asearak-ca-F.lt High
y este
integral a-
prima
a) ,
= ✗+

b) Sci se det sol

{gem
. . .

? }
c) T-zl.it ai F. I. it Fal il
integrate prime functional independent
= -

Rea
Criterial It
High ? High
It
Ég °y ¥¥y +
'

a) -1
-

,
.

=¥g ¥y + =
0 Ok → F. til int .

prima
b) Filth
,yD=c
✗+
g-
→ c → c- ✗
y=
-

✗
=t¥ ¥c
'
= -
+
-

¥ ec . afima scalara-
¥
Elt) bet
Mt "
1¥ ¥g
-
"

F' = -
→ .
= be = her

cant ☐ of ✗ It/
=¥¥ →
KYH
t.ie
=
¥c → Kitt -
-
t → Kitt -
-
E- + d ,
der

d
(
+
HH =

tie c. DER Sol .

generala-
yltl :c -

¥¥e
c) → D= It + c) ✗ HI -

¥ =

lt-ixltl-iyltllxltl-E-t.lt/-iIltl-iHt1ylt1- ¥
Fie Felt , ix.
y
) ) :(
txxtylx É -
int .

prima ldefl

t-rx.gr/det---t-x-y=-lt-ix-y1+o(I-ilt.ixiyDI-jlt.inyD/
.mg/IY-lt.ixiyD =/
It " i

* It ,
Hynek

=/ t.FI#y't+x-y
1--1×1
'

) t:D → R / It g) R'
7- It,
Kyl D= ,
✗ c-
lt-ix-y.to}
Do =D → F.c. , -1 , T-zc.it functional imdep.pe D
'

{ =2ye×"y
'
✗
É×c3 Fie ec

2✗e×4yZ
y
' = -

S-asearak-ca-F.lt Higbie 'T

"
a)

b) Sie se det sol

,
est
integral a-
prima
gem
. . .

Roz "
3¥ / t.H.gl 'T
-12¥ "j
"
It
Criterial High dye It
High
tzxe ,
'

-1 -
=
a) , ,

2ye×"Ñ+2yé"Ñ 5)
" ' "
2×e 'T
✗
= -
.

1- zxe = o ok

"
b) Felt, High 'T *+
=c → e :c →
y2=k → ✗
=
.
. .

{y
"
✗ "
Y
y=¥-
'
→ ✗
"
+ ↳ c- ✗ =o ec .
car act 5+40=0 → ±2ic
'
= -

2x C

= > ✗ It / =
c. coszct + Cz sin 2 Ct
C ,
C .
> Cz ER
simsictxcz d-
yltl :-c ,
cos 2

{ y :&Y
""
É✗c4 Soi se det sol .

gen pt '
1¥ t.to
Ppt > o

xyi
-

Rea
i.
If
'

yay
-
-

☒yi=×¥
5.v.
zixy
→ 2-11-1 ☒
Hlyltl É=É
-
-

ziti =
c.
esttdt = celnt =
c. t CER
 HHYIH
Hlylttct
t.lt/lxyD--Y-imt.prima-ylti--
☒ → →
:c
t

¥t , →
'
+ =ct✗ ✗ It =ke¥ her

ct ¥ k.io
E- te
-

yltl
'
. -

he

txltlyltlk-xltl.ci#--xltl.e2-sFzH.cx,yD--xe "¥
-

int
.

prima

aol.gen.pt/i=-tg
"
E×c5 Sai se dit Y

y ¥
'
-
-
1.x

if-1×41=0'
(F) CER ai
Kyl xltlyltl
-0
-
→ . :c

.ly/--xyim¥t.prima=sylt1-
Felt

fix Alike E
-

'
✗ = -
→ ✗ t.ca c-to
,

ylt=§e± c. heR*
10 ian 2022
Seminar 14
Algoritm ( Metoda variației caracteristicelor pt e.d.pI
I)
Fl , ;-) :D ERM ✗ Rx R
"
-
→ R

Pol -
1: Go C- Rm → R

Pb la
limita-genesae.ci/FKz-i3I --oZl-l1Go--Yot )

"
Determine parametric are warieta-t.ie initiate 1 graph kill
'

a a

{ ✗ dirt
=

2-
PIT )
=

£
Determine ofunct.ie de compatibilities til

Rer-ohiasistemulalgeb.ec 1in
Saporta p)
1=12101
{1=-0
P Dart
, plot p
=
PITI
,

3-
Determine [email protected] 1- ill
Jmtegheara sistemul casacteristicilos

§-
¥ 2¥ 101=21 M
✗
:
IX ,-2 ,P )

= LP , ¥g ix. z.pl ) 2-101=13101

d¥ =
-

§É A- z.pl ,
-

p
.

HIZP) Plot 8101

i-e.rs/2m-ieeaeqtii)dr-
i = 142 P ) ,

dt ¥p =

i. a
Pi -

;
Hit P' ,

dd = -

2¥ .
I -42 . Pl Pi
-

¥z Hit p) ,
i=Ñ

Canta ec .

independente → metode elementare

Canta subsistence independent limiarelaecoefconstan.li )
afire
T-lclt.nl :O
integrate prime
 {
⇐ ✗ It "
↳
fosmoipasametrizata
'

Soiree sd sub
2- = 2- It T )
,

iautam

interesear-aneopa-natp5-tnvorsear.ci/daca-eposibilx=Xlt.D-st-
moi ✗
s.iz.mu me

Tix) r= Ein
Soiee sol .

explicita- 41×1=-2117×1,27×11

Excl Rt
gig -3×2-2=0 y
:L 2- 1-1×2
=
,

P=¥× Hip
g-
¥ymy )

⑨¥l×y / ¥yKyD ]
'
? 3×2-2-1 t.tl
Ec devine :
Kyl -0
=
+
)
g- 2-ix. e)
-

11741 =P [ y -3×2
?
Flag
2- -
z
, ,

I.

✗ =r

l
dirt -
-

(F)
g-
-

pct 1=1+02
2
2-
=
l -1J

{ 1=1401,13101 IP , {11=-0
{ PI og z F- F- 1=0 [ =L 2--1=1
→
-

lp.gl/f)--2o-sp--2oAlegemq--i
1172115219 =D PGI

801--1%1 -
>

3-

=¥p thigh 4117211

'
✗

1¥:D an
.
-

¥211
'

if 112-1113211
✗

y
'
-

Filing
.nu?qnzioi:pioip1---Z-Fllxiyhz,lP,gD-P.?FzlHiyli7lPt.sn
iqY
=P
migraine
+
g-
.

III.
q' y 11kg1 zip .gl/-gIzllx.y1iZ,lPiED
=
-

La moi :
 '
X =2p ✗101=8

y --2qy gloat
'

'

=2p2+z§y zioj-e.ir
P' =6x+P Plot -20
-

£ :-[ +
{ got l
-
-

[ { separable
'

{ = - +
ec.ae variable
101=1
{

d¥µ= -

[ +
{
2=0 →
felt :O →
9,101=1 , No
-

[ { + =
,
2=1
→
{2114=-1 →
92101=1

d¥=q :-[
'
+
{ 9101 =L

dq-qz.iq = dt

sd
{
11-1=-1 flt
.gr/----qZ-iqundel-i.iiiRxR-sRcontcilI )
f- local I
Lipschitz
T.CL It T) El
→
v. G.
{
→
E. V. L c- > = >
,

ylt,r)=e2t
' 't
y -2g yltl ce
ylo)=c=i
- -
→ -

/ 01=1
y
p=¥
{ P'
X' =2p ✗ to)=r →

=Gx+p 1701=29
¥=6X -1¥
→
⇐>

" '
⇐> × -
y -
l2X=O

ec .
ccoract F- t -
12=0 ⇐> H -1311×-41=0 = >
1.2

{ eht-cze.is/Xz--4-splt1--2Cee4t-3zcze-3t
✗ 10 )= C. ✗ Cz =P
to :3 → Ht/ = c.
C' ICZER PIO)=2C ,
-

}cz=2T
1-1

Cio → c. =P

,M=re4t
{
Ht

Plt ,D=2pe6t
1--111-1011=-0
 Pelt
.tl/-qltiy1ylt.H-3Xlt.r1-Zlt.r1---O
2- It
,
D=
t.ezt-zpest-pzest-e.lt
6Ñe8t +

" '

Sol
subfosma-pasqm.ft t.rt-rektylt.ir/=eztZ/t.T1=r2e8t+e2T
ylt.ir/=y-s/re't=x-sr=. x.e2t=y-st- l-zlny2-lt,p)- rZe8t+e2t=1peH-
(
5. Ht,H=x

ztezt

2-
tg
=

Exc
gy'+p2+xyp=0
2
y=l,Z=×
1-

.li/y--ez--rplT1--r
✗ =p
art

2-

{
.pk/,Lp.qD=olp.qlDtlT1- Dplr1fg+p4op=o-sq=-r-l81n-.f .
FIND

)
/ f)
,
(pig =e→p= ,
3.

" °" "

" "&
"

↳
y'=j
moo-osdinealstsategiadeimtegharelh-sz-2p-ipxytg.gl
t>
Y' 01=1
2-101 -_ r

:L
p' = -

yp plot
q' -22g xp { 101=-0-1
= -

"

y :& ycoi-lec.ae
'
was -

sep

d#=y
'
e)
j=o→y±o Nulycol
-_
 Gy Sdt
tg=t+c !
dug dt f yltl
- - → -

=
-
→ =

t ,

ylt.ir/--!tt-te-stc-l-oid1pt.ca-OEl-xid
t l :> c = l
yeol
= - -
-
-

)
S#

dt-ce.hn/d-t)=cce.t)PlO)--c--l
2
Lt
-

P' plot pit )

'

= -

P =L → =
ce

= > Plt , e) = e t
-

3.
'
✗ 101=0
✗
=2p+xy
Plt,d= e -

t
✗
'
=
¥7 -1211 t) -

✗ lol
-

-
r e. afima scolari

ln " H
¥ ¥
-
-

I' = E Ilttce =

c "" " that) He t)

Cant od de forma It ¥1
-

: +
-

✗
-
-

4- C- 12

⇐> C' (f) =

-

Egle-1-13 -1k KER

¥1444k
✗(f) =
e- t
✗ 101=-25 + k =P k=r+ }

✗ It 01=-2-311-1-12
,
-1
[¥-
↳
izptqytxyp (1-1-72
'
' ' '
710)=0
Z
tpxqy
>
xp =p
=
=p +

T.T-ldt.tl/---Ozlt1=-tgli-tPtk HER

2-101=-13 -1k k= rxtg

2-It ,H=
-

1311-1-13+0+13
4.
311-1-14

(
It 't,
-

sol sub forma-

ylt.ir/-- ¥ param
.

2-It ,H= 1311-1-13+0+13 -

5.

(¥=y
✗ It ,r1=× 2511-1-14 →

{ yet,n=y ⇐>

→ e- t
-1g
-
 Zz
§
+
flirt } )=✗
-
-

r+§=±y -1¥ T=±y }_y }

" -

ztx.gl -31g Eg }Js -2-3+13 -_¥+÷ys -13

= -1
+
>

sd.eu/plicita-zlxiy)--Eg+tsHyrs- e) ok

E×c3
,z=§
?
-27=0 ✗ =L
lxtyptq
A
✗ =L
2101
:( f)
y=r
2=02 13101--92
2.
{ 1--12101113101,117211=0
lp.az/DdlT1--Dplr1
{ 11+410+22-202=0 (E) p -1202=0 p=
-

¥j

3.
lpiql.IQ/--2J-sq=2r81ri--e?F-) 2T

4-3×1=7

{
-1g HO)=1

by'=2q go)=r
party -12£
2-10)=Ñ
'
Z
-
-

* p+2p=p plot __¥É

= -

2→q'= p -12g
-

-20
qlo)

Exc
2Z-2px-2py.iq?--ox--0.2--- ¥
I.

dM=/ f)
( z=¥
× :O

y=r
PITI ¥
-_

"

{ lp.az/DdlT1--Dplr1
1--12101113101,47211=0
{ lp.gl/91-.r-sq--r
02-2100+4--0
→
p=r
3 .

I>
-2g
'
✗ = -
2x ✗ 101=0

3→y1=2q YIOFT
2py -12£
= -

2p×
-

7105¥
'

→p'=2p-2p=o plot r
-

2→q'=2p -2g 9101=0

dip
'
:O
Plo)=r
→
Pl 't ,r1=T
+
g' -12T atima scolari
-2g got r
-

= -

ec .

glt-c.lt/e-2tdlt1- e-Zt- 2r- scyt1- 2re2tclt1- tre-2t+k-sg1t =(re2t-

g-
'
= -

2q-s-qltl-ce.at -
>

*
b) e-
it -1 heat
k=o It ,r1=r
210)=T+k=r {
= >

} flair
'
-2T

ylt.rt-2rt-ryltt-2rt.ie
-

y =
> c=r →

'
= 2x 101=0
-2g
✗
-
✗

ylt.ir/-.2ot-ir
✗
'
= -2×-21201-+01 ✗ 101=0

I' = -25
Zt -2T
EIH cant xltkcltle
-

-
-
ce →
't
→c
'
/ tie
-
4- = -

Hart + rl → C' (f) = -

arte -

zge2t

dtk-4rfteotdt-arfeztdl-u-zrlteot-feztdtl-rezt-ik-i zrtezt-iret-re.at
-1k

Ht / = -
zrt-ke.at
✗ 101=12--0 ✗ It ,r)= -2ft
Fllclt , 41=-0 2- It T )
,
Exc
pH 4[j=o
'

y=e,z=x
-

girl ( ? )
l .
✗ =T -_

l
y
-
-

13101=02
'
2- =D

{ {
'

g- IF
2.
1--12101113101,117211=0 p
'T
-422--0 →

3.
lp.az/DdlT1--Dpirlp,z)/f)--2r-sp--2rAleg8lr1--
(F)
1-11=210×2 NO )=T

2→y 8qj
' -
> = '
ylo
:

ggyzz.io/=r2l-sp'---2px
= -

2T
plot
__

2→q'=8qZy '
go )=TZ
210×2
✗ = ✗ 10 ) : T

2T
2p2×
'

p plot
= -
-_

'
✗
ftp.x-o
'
☒ pl B) CER ai
Xltlplt) -=c
→
:O .

t :O C- ✗
-

101.10101=202 →
HHp.lt/-=2I2-sp=- 2¥

lf c.hr?lX1o1- c- p/- SHt,r1=re4r21fy'- -8Ey 1o1- iq'- 8&yqio)-

=> ✗
'
= 4Th ✗

'
T

{y
'
:O
Y' {
+

ai.yltlq.lt/---Ct--oc=y101-q1o1--A-sylt1qlt1---rZ-sq--J
'

lyql -=0 - >

(F) CER

• at

} yHM=e -8Mt
-

y' -8mg ylti=ce

= →

To )=c
-
e

It ,r)=oearzt

ylt ,M=e-Ñt >

sol sub found
.

param
2- It flip ,

"
"t=x up rent =p

{ {
5 re

/ get,n=y
✗ It ,r1=×
→ → 8Mt
"t=y e-
=y
8
e-

Sol explia-ta-zix.gl ✗
'
F-
Ey
y
-_