St.

Paul University -Surigao

8400, Surigao City, Philippines
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Name: ALNA G. LOSA Professor: KENNETH LARENA
Date Submitted: November 19, 2022 Course Code/Tittle: STATISTICS
Chapter 10
Test in Concerning Proportions
1.People say that if a woman is HIV positive, the probability that her child is also HIV positive is 25%. Suppose a
random survey is conducted among 500 HIV positive mothers and it turnout that 80 have children that are HIV
positive, would you still stick to this belief? Use 5% level of significance and fill the following:
a) Null Hypothesis
Ho:p=0.25
b) Alternative Hypothesis
Ha:p¿ 0.25

c) Critical Region
The information indicates that, the significance level is α=0.05, and the critical value of z=1.64 since it is one tailed.
The Critical region for left-tailed is test is z= 1.64.

d) Computed z-value
^p− p o
z=
√ p o (1− p0 ¿ ¿ n) ¿
80
^p= =.16
500
X=80
N=500
po =0.25

^p− p o
z=
√ p o (1− p0 ¿ ¿ n) ¿
0.16−0.25
=
√ 0.25(1−0.25)
500
−0.09
=
√ 0.000375
−0.09
=
0.0193649167
=--4.6465601747
=-4.65
e) Conclusion
The  zcomputed > zcritical = ,is concluded that the null hypothesis is rejected. and there is no need to stick on the belief that
from the total population of woman her child is 25% also acquired HIV.

2. It is believed that from among college students,15% smoke. Suppose a random survey revelas than 85 out 600
students smoke, would you say that the percentage of those who smoke is less than 15%? Use 0.05 level of
significance and fill the following:
a) Null Hypothesis
Ho:p=0.15
b) Alternative Hypothesis
Ha:p<15
c) Critical Region
The significance level is α=0.05, and the critical value of z=1.64 since it is one tailed.
The Critical region for left-tailed is test is z= 1.64

d) Computed z-value
85
^p= =.1417
600
X=85
N=600
po =0.15

^p− p o
z=
√ p o (1− p0 ¿ ¿ n) ¿
0.1417−0.15
=
√ 0.15(1−0.15)
600
−0.0083
=
√ 0.0002125
−0.0083
=
0.0145773797
=--0.56938

e) Conclusion
Zcomputed < zcritical = , it is then concluded that the null hypothesis is not rejected.and it is verified that 15% of college
students smoke.
3.According to advertisement, the sensitivity of the mammogram in detecting breast cancer is 85%. Suppose out of
200 women with breast cancer tested with mammogram only 160 were positively detected with mammogram? Would
you say that the mammogram is still 85% sensitive? Use 0.05 level of significance and fill the following:
a) Null Hypothesis
Ho:p=85
b) Alternative Hypothesis
Ha:p<85
c) Critical Region
The significance level is α=0.05, and the critical value of z=1.64 since it is one tailed.
The Critical region for left-tailed is test is z= 1.64

d) Computed z-value
160
^p= =.80
200
X=160
N=200
po =0.85

^p− p o
z=
√ p o (1− p0 ¿ ¿ n) ¿
0.80−0.85
=
√ 0.85(1−0.85)
200
−0.05
=
√ 0.0006375
−0.05
=
0.0252487623
=1.9802950896
=1.98
e) Conclusion
 zcomputed > zcritical = , it is then concluded that the null hypothesis is rejected.and the mammogram is not 85% sensitive.
7. The following table is a hypothetical table to determine whether there is no association between smoking and
educational level variables using 0.05 level of significance using the chi-square test:

Educational Level Smoker Nonsmoker Total

None 4 16 20
Primary 15 17 32
Intermediate 12 12 24
High School 1 8 9
Technical School 0 10 10
TOTAL 32 63 95

a) Null Hypothesis
Smoking is independent in educational level.
b) Alternative Hypothesis
Smoking is not independent in educational level.
c) Critical Region
df=(r-1)(c-1)
= (2-1)(5-1)=1(4)=4
α =0.05
The chi-square critical region is 9.488
d) Computed chi-square-value

Educational Smoker Nonsmoker Total

Level
Observed Expected k Observed Expected k
x 2= ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿ x 2= ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿
i=1 i=1

None 4 6.73 1.11 16 13.26 0.57 20

Primary 15 10.78 1.65 17 21.22 0.84 32
Intermediat 12 8.08 1.90 12 15.92 0.97 24
e 1 3.03 1.36 8 5.96 0.69 9
High School 0 3.36 3.36 10 6.63 1.71 10
Technical
School
TOTAL 32 9.38 63 4.78 95

2
x =14.16
e) Conclusion
The computed chi-square value is greater than the tabular chi-square value null hypothesis rejected and concluded
that smoking is not independent in educational level.

8.The following table of presents a hypothetical data on 100 pregnant women and their smoking status before and
after pregnancy. Determine whether there is a relationship between pregnancy and smoking status.
Use 0.05 level of significance.
2x2 Table of Smoking Status Before and after Pregnancy

After Pregnancy TOTAL

BEFORE PREGNANCY Smoker Nonsmoker
Nonsmoker 5 55 60
Smoker 20 20 40
Total 25 75 100

a) Null Hypothesis
There is a relationship between pregnancy and smoking status.
b) Alternative Hypothesis
There is no relationship between pregnancy and smoking status.
c) Critical Region
df=(r-1)(c-1)
= (2-1)(2-1)=1(1)=1
α =0.05
The chi-square critical region is 3.841
d) Computed chi-square-value

After Pregnancy TOTAL

BEFORE Smoke (E) k Non k
x =∑ ¿ ¿ ¿ x =∑ ¿ ¿ ¿
2 2
PREGNANCY r Smoker
i=1 i=1
(O) (E)
(O)
Nonsmoker 5 15 6.67 55 45 2.22 60
Smoker 20 10 10 20 30 3.33 40
Total 25 16.67 75 5.55 100

2
x =22.22

e) Conclusion
Chi-square value is greater than the tabular chi-square value we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no
relationship between pregnancy and smoking status.
 CHAPTER 11
ANOVA
6. Suppose LDL cholesterol levels in mmol/liter were measured among person aged 40 to 60 years old and these
people can be classified into a) A-patients with interruptions in movement, b) B- patients with major asymptomatic
disease, c) C-patients with minor asymptomatic disease, and D-individuals with no disease.

A B C E
(mmol/liter) (mmol/liter) (mmol/liter) (mmol/liter)
4.7 4.5 4.3 4.1
3.6 3.4 3.1 2.9
5.2 4.9 4.9 4.6
7.6 7.2 7.6 7.2
5.7 5.5 5.5 5.2
7.1 6.7 7.0 6.7
8.4 7.9 8.5 8.0
7.0 6.7 7.0 6.6
5.0 4.8 4.7 4.5
7.6 7.2 7.7 7.3
8.1 7.7 8.2 7.7

Perform an analysis of variance on the four groups of persons at 0.05 level of significance by filling up reach of the
following:
a) Null Hypothesis

Ho: μ A =μB =μC =μ E

b) Alternative Hypothesis
Ha: The means are not equal
c) Critical Region

F> F α ¿

F> F 0.05 ¿

F> F 0.05 ¿

F> F 0.05 (3,40)

F>2.84
d) Computed F-value

A A2 B C E
(mmol/liter) (mmol/ B2 (mmol/liter) C2 (mmol/liter) E2
 liter)
4.7 22.09 4.5 20.25 4.3 18.49 4.1 16.81
3.6 12.96 3.4 11.56 3.1 9.61 2.9 8.41
5.2 27.04 4.9 24.01 4.9 24.01 4.6 21.16
7.6 57.76 7.2 51.84 7.6 57.76 7.2 339.84
5.7 32.49 5.5 30.25 5.5 30.25 5.2 27.04
7.1 50.41 6.7 44.89 7.0 49.0 6.7 44.89
8.4 70.56 7.9 62.41 8.5 72.25 8.0 64.0
7.0 49.0 6.7 44.89 7.0 49.0 6.6 43.56
5.0 25.0 4.8 23.04 4.7 22.09 4.5 20.25
7.6 57.76 7.2 51.84 7.7 59.29 7.3 53.29
8.1 65.61 7.7 59.29 8.2 67.24 7.7 59.29
Total=70 =470.68 Total=66.5 =424.10 Total=68.5 =458.99 Total=64.8 =410.54
Mean=6.3636 6.0455 6.2273 5.8909
Standard 1.4916 1.8006 1.6973
Deviation=1.5883

MSS b
F=
MSSw
SS b
MSSb=
df b

(∑ x )
2 2

SSb=∑
( x j)
−
rj N
a. Squares of column sums divided by no. of rows:
2
( x j) (70)2 (66.5)2 (68.5)2
∑ rj
=
11
+
11
+(
11
+¿

= 445.4545+402.0227+426.5682+381.731
=1655.7764
b. Grand total square divided by no. of entries

(∑ x )
2
( 269.8 )2 72792.04
= = =1654.3645
N 44 44
Therefore SSb=1655.7764-1654.3645
= 1.4119
SS b 1.4119
And MSSb= =0.47063
df b 3
S Sw
MSSw=
df w
S S w =TSS−¿ SSb (TSS-Total Sum of Squares: SSb-Sum of squares between)

(∑ x )
2

TSS=∑ x 2−
N
a. ∑ x 2=¿ 1764.31 ¿

b. ∑
2
( x) ( 269.8 )2
= =1654.3645
N 44
Therefore

(∑ x )
2

TSS= ∑ x − 2 =1764.31-1654.3645
N
=109.9455
Thus , SSw=TSS- SSb
=109.9455-1.4119
= 108.5336
Hence
SS w
MSSw=
df w
108.5336
=
40
=2.71334
It follows that :
MS Sb 0.47063
F= =
MSS w 2.71334
F=0.17345
e) Conclusion
Since Computed F <Tabular F therefore accept null hypothesis. Therefore, all means are equal.

CHAPTER 12
Correlation
2. In study by Windle and Windle (1996), one of the results showed that there is a high correlation between daily
cigarette consumption (no. of sticks)of mothers and daily alcohol intake (oz). This means that those mothers who
smoke also drink. Suppose that a parallel study is made to college seniors and the following data is obtained, would
you come up with the same conclusion.
a) Compute for the Pearson Product moment coefficient of correlation,r

Person Number of Alcohol

Sticks/day Intake/day X2 Y2 XY
(X) (oz)
(Y)
1 15 1.6 225 2.56 24
2 11 1.4 121 1.96 15.4
3 20 2.5 400 6.25 50
4 30 2.8 900 7.84 84
5 18 2.5 324 6.25 45
6 20 2.6 400 6.76 52
7 13 1.8 169 3.24 23.4
8 17 1.9 289 3.61 32.3
9 11 2.0 121 4.0 22
10 13 2.4 169 5.76 31.2
∑ X=168 ∑ Y =21.50 ∑ X 2=3118 ∑ Y 2=48.23 ∑ XY =379.3
 n ∑ XY −∑ X . ∑ Y
a)r=
√[ n ∑ X −(∑ X ) ][n ∑ Y −(∑ Y ) ]
2 2 2 2

10 ( 379.3 )−(168)(21.50)
=
√[ 10 ( 3118 )−(168) ] ¿ ¿ ¿ 2

3793−3612
=
√ [ 31180−28224 ][ 482.3−462.25 ]
181
=
√2956 (20.05)
181
=
√59,267.8
181
¿
243.4497894844
=0.7434797967
=0.7435

b) Test the significance of r at 0.05 level of significance

1.Ho:R=0
Ha:R≠ 0

2. Level of significance α =0.05 , df=10-2=8,we divide 0.05 by 2=0.025

3. Critical region: t(0.025,8)=<-2.306 and t>2.306
4.Computation:

tcomputed =r
√ n−2
1−r 2

=.7435
√ 10−2
1−(0.7435)
2

=0.7435
√ 8
1−0.55279225

=0.7435
√ 8
0.44720775
=0.7435√ 17.8887776431

=0.7435(4.2295126957)
=3.1446426893
 =3.145
5. Decision:
Reject Ho and accept Ha since the computed t value falls in part of critical region in the right tail of distribution. We
can conclude that there is a high linear relationship between number of sticks per day and alcohol intake per day.
d)Find the equation of the regression line between the cigarette intake and alcohol intake with cigarette intake
as independent variable.

Person Number of Alcohol

Sticks/day Intake/day X2 Y2 XY
(X) (oz)
(Y)
1 15 1.6 225 2.56 24
2 11 1.4 121 1.96 15.4
3 20 2.5 400 6.25 50
4 30 2.8 900 7.84 84
5 18 2.5 324 6.25 45
6 20 2.6 400 6.76 52
7 13 1.8 169 3.24 23.4
8 17 1.9 289 3.61 32.3
9 11 2.0 121 4.0 22
10 13 2.4 169 5.76 31.2
∑ X=168 ∑ Y =21.50 ∑ X 2=3118 ∑ Y 2=48.23 ∑ XY =379.3
X =16.8 Y =2.15

Person (X- X ¿ (Y-Y ) ( X −X )

2

(X- X ¿ (Y-Y )
1 -1.8 -0.55 3.24 0.99
2 -5.8 -0.75 33.64 4.35
3 3.2 0.35 10.24 1.12
4 13.2 0.65 174.24 8.58
5 1.2 0.35 1.44 0.42
6 3.2 0.45 10.24 1.44
7 -3.8 -0.35 14.44 1.33
8 0.2 -0.25 0.04 -0.05
9 -5.8 -0.15 33.64 0.87
10 -3.8 0.25 14.44 -0.95
∑ (X −X )(Y −Y )=18.1
∑ ( X −X )2=295.6
Regression Equation= Y=mx+b

m=
∑ ( X−X )(Y −Y ) = 18.1 =0.06123b=Y −m X =2.15− ( 0.06 )∗(16.8)
∑ (X −X )2 295.6
b= 1.12131
y= 0.06123X+1.12131

e. If a person smokes 5 sticks a day, how many ounces of alcohol does the person takes in a day?
y= 0.06123X+1.12131
x=5
y= 0.06123(5)+1.12131
= 0.30615+1.12131
= 1.42746
There are 1.42746 oz an alcohol a person will take in a day if a person smokes 5 sticks a day.