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Şi̇i̇r Ve Düzyazi
Şi̇i̇r Ve Düzyazi
16.YÜZYIL
The renaissance approximately 1300-1600 was the period that
followed the middle ages. It happened in italy. It was a time of
renewes intrest in things of this world such as:
- Human beings and their conditions.
- Education, art, literature
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
- Written The Prince – its ruler back.(öğretici)
- He believed ‘one can make this generalization about men: they
are ungrateful, fickle,liars.
- He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain
control without worrying about conscience.
Machiavelli – the prince
- Better for ruler to be feared than to be loved,
- Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making.
- Politcs as the art of deception.
- The good of the prince must be power.
Renaissance Art
- Produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts philosophy
and literature.
- Renaissance , art and literature focused on individuals and
worldly matters, along with christianity.
- Education become increasingly secular.
- Medivial art and literature focused on the church and salvation.
- Perspective introduced by the artist. Brunelleschi and Alberti
Renaissance painters were able to place realistic figures in
realistic figures in realistic background.
- Light and motion
- Study of human form, the depiction of nudes.
- Emotion and drama
- New subject matter – secularism
- Science and math
- Composition and balance
- Changing perspective of man and his role in the world.
- Unique vision of each artist
- The prolizeration of portraiture and its significance
- Pagan scenes and myths were popular subject with no apologies
to the church.
RENAISSANCE ARTIST
- Rena. Artists embraced some of the ideas greece and rome in
their arts.
- They wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on
humanity and emotion.
- New techniques also emerged.
- Frescas: painting done on wet plaster became a popular because
it gave depth to paintings
- Sculpture emphasized realism and the human form.
- Architect reached new heights of design.
- Status of artist elaveted to cultural hero.
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
- Growing wealth in nothern europe supported renaissance ideas.
- Northern rena. Thinkers merged humnaists ideas with
christianity.
- The movable type printing press and the production and sale of
books.
- Gutenberg bible helped circulate ideas.
Italian vs north
Rome, Florence.Venice Amsterdam, Antwerp, lOndon
Mediterranean trade rhine and thames rivers
De medici family jacob fugger
Michelangelo, de vinci, jan van eyck, brueghel
Raphael
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE WRITERS
Desiderus Erasmus: Dutch humanist
The praise of folly (1511)
- Critical of corrupt church practises.
- Catalyst for protestant reformation
Sir thomas more: english humanist
Utopia(1516)
- Depicts world with perfect social, legal and political.
- Literature also flourished during the renaissance. This can be
greatly attributed to johannes gutenberg. In 1455 gutenberg
printed the first book produced by using moveable type: the
bible.
NEO-PLATONISM
- Platos think about the cosmos, universe
1- Plato approached the idea of creation form mystical and
philosophical point of view.
2- He called the universe ‘the cosmos’ and for him the beginning of
everything is the ‘the one’ . He called the ultimate good or the
ideal one as ENS. So in the beginning of the everything there is
ENS.
3- The world of ENS is suprosensious, beyond the senses. The
notice of ENS is pure virtue and love. ENS desires to create and
respects his quality in begins that derivered from him.
4- The create power of ENS is performed by Animo Mundi the
world of soul. The soul is the projection of ENS and his virtue,
therefore is without any moral defects, definetely fine and
perfect.
5- The soul is the creative and rational faculty in man. The soul is
also immortal since it is derived from ENS.
6- As the soul moves away from ENS, the influence of ENS
become less and less- gradually decreases. Neoplatonists call
this separation ‘emotion’
7- With the separation the soul enters into the worldof elements,
which is called ‘the material world’ the elements in this material
worls are changavle but the soul is not. ENS ( the ultimate being
– God) wants to multiply by soul and the soul needs a mortal
body and then falls into the material world emotion. Thus soul is
getting away from ENS and his body is liable to temptation.
8- The soul in the material world is sorrunded by a mortal body
which consists of 4 elements.
Earth : dry , cold Water: cold, wet Air: wet, hot
Fire: hot,dry
-Octave(first 8 line)
-argument
-observation
-question
English(Shakespearean)
Abab
Cdcd (three quadraints)
Efef
Gg (couplet)
-Three quadraints
-argument
-Couplet
-conclusion
-refutation
The Spenserian Sonnet
Abab
Bcbc (three quadraints)
Cdcd
Ee (couplet)
Greek:
-presented as an unescapable thing.
-personifies as a tiny naughty creature called eros.
-likes to torture poets, poor poets suffer because of their love and
eros enjoys this
Latin: (roman)
-cupid is mercilles tyrant which comes from the erotic nature
pagan poetry than turned into convention.
-Cupid sits in the eyes or on the forehead of a lady throwing
from there to the lovers, thus causing them to fallin love with
her.
-Poet is frustrated.
-He is suffering, hopeless.
-Aşk insanlara nasıl tuzak kuruyor bunu anlatıyor.
-Aşkı oltaya benzetmiş, yemi yutuyorsun ve tuzağa düşüyorsun.
-‘since liberty is lever’ : means being free from love.
-idea at the end love is setting traps.
-farewell love and set me free.
-‘Senec and Plato call me from thy lore’: means conflict between mind
and heart.
-‘thy sharp repulse’: means it has been so painful.
(This one is strating point.He wants to explain his love.Show his love to
his beloved.Onun aşkından acı çektiğimi görürse belki memnun olur.She
may have pity on me.Maybe I have obtain her grace.)
5-
I sought fit words to paint the blackest face of woe;
Studying inventions fine her wits to entertain,
Oft turning others' leaves, to see if thence would flow
Some fresh and fruitful showers upon my sunburn'd brain.
But words came halting forth, wanting invention's stay;
(Just to let her, his suffering. His brain like sunburned because of his
love.Acısını ifade etmek için doğru kelimeleri arıyor. Aşkını yansıtmak
için önceki şairlerin şiirlerindeki kelimeleri arıyor.
10-
Invention, Nature's child, fled step-dame Study's blows;
And others' feet still seem'd but strangers in my way.
Thus great with child to speak and helpless in my throes,
Biting my truant pen, beating myself for spite,
"Fool," said my Muse to me, "look in thy heart, and write."
(Başkasının adımlarını takip ederek bunu yapamayacağını anlıyor.He is
hopelessly thinking his emotions.He claimed for originality. Kendi aşkını
ifade etmek için orjinal olması gerektiğini söylüyor. Başklarına
bakmaktansa kendi kalbine bakmalı)
Not at the first sight, nor with a dribbed shot, dribbed- random
Loue gaue the wound, which, while I breathe, will bleede;
But knowne worth did in tract of time proceed,
Till by degrees, it had full conquest got.
I saw and lik'd; I lik'd but loued not;
I lou'd, but straight did not what Loue decreed:
At length, to Loues decrees I, forc'd, agreed,
Yet with repining at so partiall lot.
Now, euen that footstep of lost libertie
Is gone; and now, like slaue-borne Muscouite,
I call it praise to suffer tyrannie;
And nowe imploy the remnant of my wit
To make myselfe beleeue that all is well,
While, with a feeling skill, I paint my hell.
Whereof this beautie can be but a shade; shadow of the inner beauty.(neo-
platonism)
10
But thou wouldst needs fight with both Loue and Sence,
71
- He says that I know according to neo platonism, sade onu divine şekilde
sevmeliyim ama onun güzelliğine çekiliyor.(wordly pleasure) he cannot
avoid likes and wants stella.
Little cupid
Sonnet 54
Sonnet 64
Comming to kisse her lyps, (such grace I found)
Me seemd I smelt a gardin of sweet flowres:
that dainty odours from them threw around
for damzels fit to decke their lovers bowres.
Her lips did smell lyke unto Gillyflowers,
her ruddy cheekes lyke unto Roses red:
her snowy browes lyke budded Bellamoures,
her lovely eyes lyke Pincks but newly spred,
Her goodly bosome lyke a Strawberry bed,
her neck lyke to a bounch of Cullambynes:
her brest lyke lillyes, ere theyr leaves be shed,
her nipples lyke yong blossomd Jessemynes.
Such fragrant flowres doe give most odorous smell,
but her sweet odour did them all excell.
- Lover is praising, smell, beauty of the beloved.
Sonnet 74
Most happy letters fram'd by skilfull trade,
with which that happy name was first desynd:
the which three times thrise happy hath me made,
with guifts of body, fortune and of mind.
The first my being to me gave by kind,
from mothers womb deriv'd by dew descent,
the second is my sovereigne Queene most kind,
that honour and large richesse to me lent.
The third my love, my lives last ornament,
by whom my spirit out of dust was raysed:
to speake her prayse and glory excellent,
of all alive most worthy to be praysed.
Ye three Elizabeths for ever live,
that three such graces did unto me give.
- Elizabeth ismini 3 kere geçiriyor.
1- His mother
2- Elizabeth II, Queen Sovereign
3- My love-his wife elizabeth
Celebration of his wife,mother and queen.
Sonnet 75
One day I wrote her name upon the strand,
but came the waves and washed it a way:
agayne I wrote it with a second hand,
but came the tyde, and made my paynes his pray.
Vayne man, sayd she, that doest in vaine assay,
a mortall thing so to immortalize.
for I my selve shall lyke to this decay,
and eek my name bee wyped out lykewize.
Not so, (quod I) let baser things devize
to dy in dust, but you shall live by fame:
my verse your vertues rare shall eternize,
and in the hevens wryte your glorious name,
Where whenas death shall all the world subdew,
our love shall live, and later life renew.
On Monsieur’s Departure
BY QU EE N E LI ZA BE TH I
I grieve and dare not show my discontent,
I love and yet am forced to seem to hate,
I do, yet dare not say I ever meant,
I seem stark mute but inwardly do prate.
I am and not, I freeze and yet am burned,
Since from myself another self I turned.
Sonnet 30
When to the sessions of sweet silent thought
I summon up remembrance of things past,
I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought,
And with old woes new wail my dear time's waste:
Then can I drown an eye, unus'd to flow,
For precious friends hid in death's dateless night,
And weep afresh love's long since cancell'd woe,
And moan th' expense of many a vanish'd sight;
Then can I grieve at grievances foregone,
And heavily from woe to woe tell o'er
The sad account of fore-bemoaned moan,
Which I new pay as if not paid before.
But if the while I think on thee, dear friend,
All losses are restor'd, and .
Sonnet 60
Like as the waves make towards the pebbl'd shore,
So do our minutes hasten to their end;
Each changing place with that which goes before,
In sequent toil all forwards do contend.
Nativity, once in the main of light,
Crawls to maturity, wherewith being crown'd,
Crooked eclipses 'gainst his glory fight,
And Time that gave doth now his gift confound.
Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth
And delves the parallels in beauty's brow,
Feeds on the rarities of nature's truth,
And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow:
And yet to times in hope my verse shall stand,
Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.
Sonnet 130
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips' red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damasked, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound;
I grant I never saw a goddess go;
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground.
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
As any she belied with false compare.
Sonnet 144
Two loves I have of comfort and despair,
Which like two spirits do suggest me still
The better angel is a man right fair,
The worser spirit a woman coloured ill.
To win me soon to hell, my female evil
Tempteth my better angel from my side,
And would corrupt my saint to be a devil,
Wooing his purity with her foul pride.
And, whether that my angel be turn’d fiend,
Suspect I may, yet not directly tell,
But being both from me both to each friend,
I guess one angel in another’s hell.
Yet this shall I ne’er know, but live in doubt,
Till my bad angel fire my good one out.
- The lovely boy and dark lady explores the relationship between
three people,one good,one evil and one cought in between.
- Religios =christian imagery