Time Allowed: 3 Hours

Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

i. Question paper comprises five Sections - A, B, C, D and E. There are 37 questions

in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
ii. Section A - From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
iii. Section B - Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying
2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
iv. Section C - contains Q.25to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3
marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words
v. Section D - Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks
each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
vi. Section-E - Questions no from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub
questions and are of 4 marks each
vii. Section F - Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a
from History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has
been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to
be attempted.
ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question,
wherever necessary.

SECTION -A

MCQs(1x20=20)

1.Most of the revolutionaries saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of

this struggle for freedom. A nation-state is a state ________.

a) where the nation has its own emblem and flag

b) which has a non-contiguous territory
c) where people of all groups enjoy equal rights
d) where people develop a sense of identity and share a common history

2.Gutenberg developed the first known printing press at:

a. Strasbourg
b. Shanghai
c. Mexico
d. Tokyo

3.Assertion (A): When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put
labels on the cloth bundles.
Reason (R): The label was a mark of Quality. When buyers saw MADE IN
MANCHESTER written in bold on the label, they were expected to feel confident
about buying the cloth.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

4. The resources are not the free gifts of nature. Which of the following is incorrect?

a. Resources themselves are essential components of Human beings.

b. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create
institutions.
c. Resources are a function of human activities.
d. They transform material available in the environment into resources.

5. What is JFM?

a. Judicial Forest Management

b. Junior Forest Manager
c. Joint Forest Management
d. Joint Forest Means.

6.Assertion (A): The Parliament cannot on its own change the fundamental

structure of the Constitution.
Reason (R): Under a federal government, the fundamental provisions cannot be
unilaterally changed by one level of the government.

a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

7. Choose the incorrect pair:

a. IT specialists-Quaternary sector
b. Money lender-Tertiary sector
c. Potter-Primary Sector
d. Call centre employee-Secondary sector

8. Analyse the given table and answer as required.

Type of Party Examples

Two-Party system United States of

 America

Single Party
A: (?)
system

Multi-Party system B: (?)

Choose the most appropriate option:

a. A: China, B: United Kingdom

b. A: India, B: China
c. A: The United Kingdom, B: China
d. A: China, B: India

9. Why is one-party system is not preferred?

a. It is undemocratic
b. It allows universal adult franchise
c. All of these
d. It allows a variety of opinions to enjoy political representation

10.Which one of the following represents a horizontal distribution of power?

a. Legislature - Executive - Judiciary

b. Central or Union Government - Provincial or State Governments - Local
Governments
c. Political parties - Pressure groups - Movements
d. Religious groups - Linguistic groups - Cultural groups

11. Study the given image and identify the correct option.

a. Under this, the lower organs work under the higher organs.
b. Under this, each organ checks the other.
c. Under this, power is shared among different levels of government.
d. all of these

12.
 Which of the following option best describes the above picture?

a. Loan Activities of Bank

b. Barter System provided by Bank
c. Activities of Self Help Groups
d. Demand Draft facilities extended by Bank.

13. Assertion (A): Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach
beyond the domestic markets.
Reason (R): Foreign trade expands the choice of goods beyond what is domestically
produced.

a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

14. State True or False:

a. World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the initiative of developed countries to liberalise

international trade.
a. True
b. False

15. Which of the following is the main factor responsible for the overuse of groundwater in
western UP?

a. Overgrazing
b. Poor irrigation facilities
c. Excessive Mining
d. Excessive cultivation

16. What is a cheque?

a. Paper making payment

b. A term of credit
c. Paper instructing the bank to pay a specific amount
 d. Collateral

17. Tax on imports is an example of

a) Investment
b) Disinvestment
c) Trade barrier
d) Privatisation

18.. Foreign Trade

a) Increases choice of goods

b) Decreases prices of goods
c) Increases competition in the market
d) Decreases earnings

19. Which one of the following industries uses silica as a raw material?

a. Aluminium
b. Coal
c. Steel
d. Cement

20. Which party system does India follow—

a. Single party system

b. Two party system
c. Multi party system
d. All of them

SECTION -B

VERY SHORT ANSWER (2X4=8)

21. Enumerate the importance of silk routes.

22. What are the objectives of the federal system?

23. What is trade barrier? How governments can use trade barriers?

24. Why were Indians reacted against Rowlett Act?

OR

Mention the features of the flag which was designed by Gandhiji?

SECTION -C

SHORT ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS (3X5=15)

25. Distinguish between metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals.

26. What are the Special Economic Zones (SEZs)? Why is the government setting up

SEZs?

27. Explain any three weaknesses of democracy.

28.Explain the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005.

29. Mention the features of the flag which was designed by Gandhiji?

OR

What were the methods used by peasants of Awadh to achieve their goal?
Explain.

SECTION -D

Long Answer Based Questions (5x4=20)

30. How did the Journalist Wilhelm Wolff describe the revolt led by the Silesia
weavers against contractors in 1845?

OR

Describe the process of unification of Italy.

31. Why are industries located in or near the cities? What were its results in

preindependence period?

OR

How will you elaborate the importance of manufacturing? Explain.

32. State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.

OR

Mention the features of Congress party in India?

 33. What is meant by a term of credit? What does it include?

OR

Which type of deposits with the banks are called demand deposits? State some
important

features of demand deposits

SECTION -E

CASE BASED QUESTIONS (4X3=12)

34.Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove many liberal-
nationalists undergrounds. Secret societies sprang up in many European states to
train revolutionaries and spread their ideas. To be revolutionary at this time meant a
commitment to oppose monarchical forms that had been established after the
Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom. Most of these revolutionaries
also saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of this struggle for
freedom. One such individual was the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini. Born
in Genoa in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. As a
young man of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in
Liguria. He subsequently founded two more underground societies, first, Young Italy
in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-minded
young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Mazzini believed that
God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind. So Italy could not
continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. It had to be forged into a
single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. This unification alone could
be the basis of Italian liberty. Following his model, secret societies were set up in
Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s relentless opposition to
monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives.
Metternich described him as the most dangerous enemy of our social order.

1. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to views of Giuseppe Mazzini?

a) He believed that nations are natural units of mankind.
b) In his view, the creation of nation-states is a necessary part of the struggle
for freedom.
c) He believed in the creation of small states and kingdoms and wanted to
further disintegrate them.
d) He believed that unification is the basis of Italian liberty.
 a.Option (iv)

b.Option (i)

c.Option (ii)

d.Option (iii)

2. Which one of the following statements is not true about Giuseppe Mazzini?

a) He wanted a united Italian Republic.

b) He founded an underground society called "Young Italy'.
c) He was exiled for attempting a revolution in Liguria.
d) He wanted Italy to be a monarchy.

3.Most of the revolutionaries saw the creation of nation-states as a

necessary part of this struggle for freedom. A nation-state is a state
________.

a. where the nation has its own emblem and flag

b. which has a non-contiguous territory
c. where people of all groups enjoy equal rights
d. where people develop a sense of identity and share a common history

4.Which of the following title best describes the given extract?

i. Visualising the Liberals.
ii. The Revolutionaries.
iii. The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling.
iv. Visualising the Nation.
a. Option (iii)
b.Option (i)
c Option (ii)
d.Option (iv)

35.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural
diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to
work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same
country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very
innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model:

 Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers

shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of
the majority of members from each linguistic group.
  Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of
the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the
Central Government.
 Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal
representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in
Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal
representation in the Central Government.
 Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of
government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one
language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where
they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and
language-related issues.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

i. ________ and ________ dealt with the question of power-sharing differently.

a. India, Srilanka
b. Belgium, Sri Lanka
c. Wallonia, Brussels
d. Flemish, Wallonia
ii. Which of the following is not the element of "Belgian model"?

a. Equal number of ministers for both the groups

b. Setting up of Community Government
c. More power to the central government
d. Equal representation at the state and central level

iii. "Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of
government". Which of the following is incorrect with respect to this?

a. The unique government is Community Government

b. A single social group is given powers to handle community-related affairs
c. Elected by people belonging to Dutch, French and German-speaking
d. Power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues

iv. Which of the following title best describes the given passage?

a. The ethnic composition of Belgium

b. Accommodation in Sri Lanka
c. Accommodation in Belgium
d. The ethnic composition of Sri Lanka

36.Read the text given below and answer the questions that follow:
Primitive Subsistence Farming: This type of farming is still practised in a few pockets of
India. Primitive subsistence agriculture is practised on small patches of land with the help
of primitive tools like a hoe and digging sticks, and family/community labour. This type of
farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other
environmental conditions to the crops grown.
Intensive Subsistence Farming: This type of farming is practised in areas of high
population pressure on land. It is labour intensive farming, where high doses of
biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production. Though the
‘right of inheritance’ leading to the division of land among successive generations has
rendered land-holding size uneconomical, the farmers continue to take the maximum
output from the limited land in the absence of an alternative source of livelihood. Thus,
there is enormous pressure on agricultural land.
Commercial Farming: The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher
doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers,
insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity. The degree of
commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another. For example, rice is a
commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop.
Plantation: Plantation is also a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming, a
single crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and
industry. Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help
of migrant labourers. All the produce is used as a raw material in the respective industries.
Tea in Assam and North Bengal coffee in Karnataka are some of the important plantation
crops grown in these states.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

i. Tea in Assam: Plantation Crop, Rice in Odisha: ________.

a. Primitive Subsistence crop
b. Commercial crop
c. Plantation crop
d. Subsistence crop
ii. Which of the following is not correct about plantation farming?

a. In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area.

b. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
c. Plantations cover large tracts of land called estates.
d. Farmers clear a patch of land by felling trees and burning them, to produce
cereals and other food crops.

iii. ________ is done in a mechanized way using capital intensive inputs and
particularly timely irrigation making maximum use of large tracts of land.

a. Intensive Subsistence Farming

b. Plantation Farming
c. Commercial Farming
d. Jhoom Farming

iv. Complete the given table:

 Subsistence
Commercial Farming Farming

Farmers use higher doses of (?)

modern inputs, e.g. high
yielding variety (HYV) seeds etc.

a. Farmers use chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides.

b. Farmers use high doses of biochemical inputs.
c. Farmers use simple and basic tools and irrigation methods.
d. Farmers use mechanized tools and machines.

SECTION -F

MAP SKILL BASED QUESTIONS (2+3=5)

37. (a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India.
Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them. 

A. The place where the Indian National Congress session was held in

December 1920.
B. The place associated with Peasant Satyagraha.

(b) On the same outline map of India locate and label any four of the following with
suitable Symbols. (any three)

A. Haldia - Major Sea Port

B. Noida - Software Technology Park
C. Naharkatia – Oil Field
D. Kalpakkam - Nuclear Power Plant
E. Raja Sansi - International  Airport
 Answer key:

e) (d) where people develop a sense of identity and share a common history
f) (a) Strasbourg
e. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put
labels on the cloth bundles. The label was needed to make the place of
manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. The label was
also to be a mark of quality. When buyers saw ‘MADE IN MANCHESTER’ written
in bold on the label, they were expected to feel confident about buying the cloth.
Thus, both the assertion and reason are correct statements and justified.

4.

5. (a) Resources themselves are essential components of Human beings.

Explanation: Resources themselves are essential components of Human beings.

1. 6. (c) Joint Forest Management

Explanation: Joint Forest Management. It is the official and popular term in
India for partnerships in forest movement involving both the state forest
departments and local communities.

7.

1. 8. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Under a federal government, the fundamental provisions cannot be
unilaterally changed by one level of the government. The Parliament cannot on its
own change the fundamental structure of the Constitution. In case of any dispute
about the division of powers, the High Courts and the Supreme Court take a
decision.

9. (d) Call centre employee-Secondary sector

Explanation: Call centre employee-Secondary sector [Explanation: Call centre
employee belongs to Tertiary sector. The quaternary sector consists of those
industries providing information services, such as computing, ICT (information
and communication technologies), consultancy R&D (Research and Development)
etc.]

10. Match the following:

(a) A party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in the Lok Sabah elections
(i) State Party
or Assembly elections in four states and win at least four seats in the Lok Sabah.

(b) A party that gets the privilege and some other special facilities by the Election
(ii) National Party
Commission.
(c) If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable
(iii)  Multi-Party
chance of coming to power either on their own strength or in alliance with others.

(d) A party that secures at least six percent of total votes in an election to the Legislative (iv)
Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats. Recognized Party

11. (a) It is undemocratic

1. 12. (a) Legislature - Executive - Judiciary

Explanation: Power is shared among different organs of government, such as
the legislature, executive, and judiciary and is called horizontal distribution of
power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to
exercise different powers.

13. (b) Under this, each organ checks the other.

Explanation: Under this, each organ checks the other. [Explanation: The given
image is of Horizontal power-sharing. It allows different organs of government
placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such separation ensures that
none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others]

2. 14.

3.
Which of the following option best describes the above picture?
a. Loan Activities of Bank
b. Barter System provided by Bank
c. Activities of Self Help Groups
d. Demand Draft facilities extended by Bank.

1. 14. (a) Loan Activities of Bank

Explanation: Banks keep only a small proportion of their deposits as cash with
themselves. Banks use the major portion of the deposits to extend loans. Banks
make use of the deposits to meet the loan requirements of the people. In this way,
banks mediate between those who have surplus funds (the depositors) and those
who are in need of these funds (the borrowers).

15. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach
 beyond the domestic markets, i.e., markets of their own countries. Producers can
sell their products not only in markets located within the country but can also
compete in markets located in other countries of the world. Similarly, for the buyers,
the import of goods produced in another country is one way of expanding the choice
of goods beyond what is domestically produced. Both are two aspects of foreign
trade but the assertion does not justify the reason

16. True

1. 17. (b) Poor irrigation facilities

Explanation: Poor irrigation facilities

18. (c) Paper instructing the bank to pay a specific amount

19. (iii) Trade barrier

20. . (iv) Decreases earnings

19.(d) Cement
Explanation: The cement industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like
limestone, silica, alumina, and gypsum

20. . (c) Multi party system

21. . The name of silk routes points to the importance of west-bound Chinese silk cargoes
along this route.

2. Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together
vast regions of Asia, and linking Asia with Europe and northern Africa.

3. Early Christian missionaries travelled through this route to Asia, as did early Muslims
preachers a few centuries later.

22. Federal system has dual objectives to safeguard and promote unity of the country and
accommodate

regional diversity. It is based on mutual trust and agreement to live together.

23.

24. Any kind of restrictions imposed on trade is called a trade barrier.

Governments can use trade barriers to increase or decrease (regulate) foreign trade and
to decide what kinds of goods and how much of each, should come into the country.
25. This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite
the united opposition of Indian Members.

2. It gave the government enormous power to repress political activities, and allowed
detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

3. The Rowlett Act acted as an instrument of suppression of civil rights of the Indians
hence produced widespread discontent among masses.

OR

In 1921 Gandhiji had designed the swaraj flag.

1. It was a tricolor flag and had a spinning wheel in the centre representing the Gandhian
ideal of self-help.

2. Tricolors were-red, green and white.

3. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.

26.

Metallic Minerals Non-Metallic Minerals

1. Minerals from which metals are extracted. 1. Minerals consist of non-metals.

2. They can be pressed in to wires or sheets. 2. They cannot be pressed in to wires or sheets.

3. Iron, gold, silver, etc  are metallic minerals. 3. Clay, Sulphur, coal, potash are all non-metallic minerals.

27. SEZs or Special Economic Zones are industrial areas where world-class facilities like
water, electricity, roads and transport, recreation, education are available. Companies
who set-up units in SEZs are exempted from tax for 5 years. The government is setting up
SEZs due to the following reasons:

i. SEZs promote foreign companies to invest in India.

ii. They attract foreign investment

1. 28. Three weaknesses of democracy are as:

i. In democracies, decision-making is time-consuming since decisions are taken
after discussions and deliberation.
ii. In democracies, elections do not provide a fair chance to everyone and not
brings every decision to public debate.
iii. The routine tales of corruption are enough to convince that democracies are
not free of evil.
 A. 29. In order to create more employment opportunities and also ensure better
conditions for the workers, the Central Government of India made a law in 2005. It
is called National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005.
B. According to this act, 100 days of employment in a year has been guaranteed by
the government to those who are in the need of work.
C. If the Government fails to provide 100 days of employment, it will give employment
allowance to the people. Such type of work will increase the production, especially
from land; will be given preference under this act.

29. Ans. In 1921 Gandhiji had designed the swaraj flag.

1. It was a tricolor flag and had a spinning wheel in the centre representing the Gandhian
ideal of self-help.

2. Tricolors were-red, green and white.

3. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.

OR

Ans. 1. In many places nai-dhobi bandhs were organized by panchayats to deprive

landlords of the service of even barbers and washer men.

2. The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of beggar and social
boycott of oppressive landlords.

3. Some peasants denied doing beggar-work without at landlords’ farms without any
payment.

4. As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were
attacked, bazaars were looted.

30. Ans. In 1845, weavers of Silesia had led a revolt against contractors who supplied
them raw materials. They gave them order for finished textiles but drastically reduced their
payments.

1. The workers were living in extreme poverty and misery.

2. The desperate need for has been taken advantage of by the contractors to reduce the
prices of the goods they order.

3. On 4 June at 2 P.M. a large crowd of weavers emerged from their homes and marched
in pairs up to the mansion of their contractor demanding higher wages.
4. They were treated with scorn and threats alternately.

5. A group of weavers entered in to a house of a contractor. They smashed the window

panes, furniture and porcelain. They entered the storehouse and tore to shreds the
supplies of cloth.

6. The contractor fled away with his family to a neighboring village and came back after 24
hours with army.

OR

during 1830s. G. Mazzini decided to make a programme to unite Italy and formed a
society young Italy After earlier failures king victory Emmanuel II took to unify the Italian
status through war and he got the whole hearted support of minister Cavour made a
tactful alliancem  with France and defeated Austrians forces in 1859. Now he was able to
secure the support of Garibaldi. In 1860 Garibaldi led the famous expedition to south Italy
and freed the states from  Bourbon rulers in 1861 before the completion of unification
victor Emanuel II was proclaimed the king of united Italy.

31. Ans. 1. As an industrial activity starts, urbanization follows.

2. Industries need different types of services such as banking, transport, insurance labour,
hotels and educational institute.
3. Such types of services are available in cities only.
4. Cites are markets for many finished industrial products.
5. Many industries leads to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the
urban centers known as agglomeration economies.
In the pre independence period, most manufacturing units were located in places from
point o view of overseas trade such as Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, etc. Consequently,
there emerged certain pockets of industrially developed urban centers surrounded by a
huge agricultural rural hinterland.

OR

Ans. 1. Manufacturing industry not only help in modernizing agriculture , which

forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of
people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary
sector.
2. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and
poverty from the country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector
industries and joint sector ventures in India.
3. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much
needed foreign exchange.
4. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods
of higher value are prosperous.
32. Ans. 1. Political parties contest elections. In most democracies, elections are fought
mainly among the candidates put up by the parties. Parties select their candidates in
different ways.

2. Parties’ forward different policies and programs and voters choose them from. Each of
us may have different opinions and views on what policies are suitable for society. A
government is expected to base its policies on the line taken by the Ruling Party.

3. Parties play a decisive role in making laws foe a country. Laws are debated and passed
in the legislature. But most of the members of legislature are the members of political
parties.

4. Parties form and run the Governments. As we noted last year, the big policy decision
are taken by political executive that comes from the political parties.

5. Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition of the parties in
power, by voicing different views and criticizing government for its failure or wrong
policies.

OR

Ans.:- 1. Congress party was founded in 1885 and has experiences many splits.
2. It was ruling party at the centre till 1977 and then in 1880-89, 2000 to till date
3. This party supports secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities.
4. It supports new economic reforms but with a human face.
5. It emerged as the largest party with 145 seats in the Lok Sabha elections in 2004.
6. It currently leads the ruling united progressive alliance (UPA) coalition govt. at the
centre.6. Extra constitutional organization

1. 33. Terms of credit are the requirements need to be satisfied for any credit
arrangements. However, the terms of credit vary depending upon the nature of
the lender, borrower and loan.
Terms of credit include the following:
i. Interest rate: Formal sector demands less rate of interest compared to
the informal sector. At present, they demand 8 to 12% interest rate. 
ii. Collateral and documentation requirement: It refers to the security against the
loan
demanded and kept by the lender until the loan is paid back. It can be gold or
documents of properties or other certificates attached with the application. 
iii. The mode of repayment: The borrower should pay back the interest and
the principal amount weekly or monthly by cash or cheques as decided at the time
of making agreements. 

OR
Demand Deposits can be said to be those amounts of money which are deposited in a
bank and can be withdrawn from the same on demand.
Some important features of demand deposits are given below:

i. Demand deposits are accepted widely as a means of payment by way of a cheque

along with currency.
ii. They are closely linked to the working of the modern banking system. Such deposits
earn an amount as interest

Case

1. (d) Option (iii)

Explanation: He believed in creation of small states and kingdoms and wanted to
further disintegrate them.
2. (d) He wanted Italy to be a monarchy.
Explanation: He wanted Italy to be a monarchy.
3. (d) where people develop a sense of identity and share a common history
Explanation: where people develop a sense of identity and share a common
history
4. (c) Option (ii)
Explanation: The Revolutionaries

i. 35 . (b) Belgium, Sri Lanka

ii. (c) More power to central government. [Explanation: Many powers of the central
government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the
country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.]
iii. (b) Single social group is given powers to handle the community-related affairs.
[Explanation: A community government is one in which different social groups are
given powers to handle community-related affairs.]
iv. (c) Accommodation in Belgium

i. 36. (d) Subsistence crop

ii. (d) Farmers clear a patch of land by felling trees and burning them, to produce
cereals and other food crops.
iii. (b) Plantation Farming
iv. (c) Farmers use simple and basic tools and irrigation methods

1. 37.
a.
A. Nagpur
B. Kheda
 b.