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    Presentation 1

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    Shivay Kant
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    Presentation 1 (1)

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    11 views6 pages

    Presentation 1

    Uploaded by

    Shivay Kant

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 6

    ART AND

    ARCHITECTURE OF
    EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
    The Third Dynasty of Egypt (
    he Third Dynasty of Egypt (c. 2670-2613
    BCE) begins with king Djoser, famous for
    his Step Pyramid at Saqqara. Although
    there are some sources which claim a king
    named Sanakht (also known as Nebra)
    founded the Third Dynasty, these claims
    are routinely challenged for lack of
    evidence. The chronology of Manetho is
    vague on who Sanakht was, when he ruled
    in the Third Dynasty, and even his name.
    Sanakht's name is only known through
    the Abydos king list, the Turin papyrus,
    and two reliefs found in the tomb known
    as Mastaba K2 at Beit Khallaf.

    This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.


    this identification has been challenged and
    refuted. Nothing is known of Sanakht's reign
    and his name may be a reference to some other
    king. Although few details are available on
    Djoser's reign, it is certain he was king at the
    beginning of the Third Dynasty and equally
    clear he followed the last king of the Second
    Dynasty, Khasekhemwy.
    Scholars have routinely included the Third
    Dynasty in the period of the Old Kingdom (c.
    2613-2181 BCE) rather than the Early
    Dynastic Period (c. 3150-2613 BCE) because of
    the grand building projects which characterize
    it. The construction of the first pyramid in the
    Third Dynasty, under Djoser, suggested to early
    archaeologists a clear link with the rise of the
    greatest pyramids in the Old Kingdom. Modern
    scholarship, however, tends to regard the Third
    Dynasty as belonging to the Early Dynastic
    Period owing to a continuation of cultural and
    architectural practices (religious observances
    and methods of building) which are more closely
    aligned with the past of Egypt than the future.

    This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.


    The first pyramid
    Although Djoser's pyramid, designed by
    the architect and vizier Imhotep, is
    Egypt's first pyramid, it is closer in
    construction to the mastaba tombs of
    the Early Dynastic Period than the so-
    called 'true pyramids' of the Fourth
    Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The
    development of pyramid building in the
    Third Dynasty moved from mastabas to
    the stacked mastabas of the step
    pyramids of Djoser, Sekhemkhet, and
    Khaba. These pyramids would later give
    rise to the monumental pyramids
    of Giza but, as noted, have more in
    common with the earlier mastaba than
    the later structures.

    This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.


    → The Step Pyramid began as a simple mastaba tomb with a flat roof
    and sloping sides, along the lines of many such tombs from earlier
    dynasties. The architect Imhotep, however, had a grander scheme in
    mind for the eternal home of his king. The Step Pyramid is a series
    of mastabas stacked on top of each other, each level a little smaller
    than the one beneath, to form the shape of a pyramid. Earlier
    mastabas were constructed of clay brick but the Step Pyramid was
    made of stone blocks on which were carved images of trees (sacred
    to the gods of Egypt) and reeds (possibly symbolizing The Field of
    Reeds, the Egyptian afterlife). When completed, the Step Pyramid
    rose 204 feet (62 meters) high and was the tallest structure of its
    time. The pyramid complex included a temple, courtyards, shrines,
    and living quarters for the priests covering an area of 40 acres (16
    hectares) and surrounded by a wall 30 feet (10.5 meters) high. The
    actual chambers of the tomb were dug beneath the base as a maze
    of tunnels with rooms off the corridors to discourage robbers and This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.

    protect the body and grave goods of the king.


    Djoser, also spelled Zoser, second king of the 3rd
    dynasty (c. 2650–c. 2575 bce) of ancient Egypt,
    who undertook the construction of the earliest
    important stone building in Egypt. His reign,
    which probably lasted 19 years, was marked by
    great technological innovation in the use of stone
    architecture.

    This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.

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