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    This document discusses a research collaboration between Indonesian and American institutions to monitor particulate matter and black carbon levels in several cities in Indonesia. The collaboration aims to use multi-wavelength aethalometers to apportion particulate matter from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning sources. Preliminary data from Jakarta and Serpong in 2022 show average PM2.5 levels of 36.5 μg/m3 in Jakarta and 42.7 μg/m3 in Serpong. Elemental analysis of the samples identified various elements including sulfur, chlorine, potassium and others. The collaboration seeks to better characterize aerosols in Indonesia and inform air quality policy through source apportionment of particulate matter.

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    Proving Breathable Jakarta Air by Monitoring Data_14 November 2022

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    This document discusses a research collaboration between Indonesian and American institutions to monitor particulate matter and black carbon levels in several cities in Indonesia. The collaboration aims to use multi-wavelength aethalometers to apportion particulate matter from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning sources. Preliminary data from Jakarta and Serpong in 2022 show average PM2.5 levels of 36.5 μg/m3 in Jakarta and 42.7 μg/m3 in Serpong. Elemental analysis of the samples identified various elements including sulfur, chlorine, potassium and others. The collaboration seeks to better characterize aerosols in Indonesia and inform air quality policy through source apportionment of particulate matter.

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    22 views32 pages

    Proving Breathable Jakarta Air by Monitoring Data - 14 November 2022

    Uploaded by

    nelsonsimamora
    This document discusses a research collaboration between Indonesian and American institutions to monitor particulate matter and black carbon levels in several cities in Indonesia. The collaboration aims to use multi-wavelength aethalometers to apportion particulate matter from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning sources. Preliminary data from Jakarta and Serpong in 2022 show average PM2.5 levels of 36.5 μg/m3 in Jakarta and 42.7 μg/m3 in Serpong. Elemental analysis of the samples identified various elements including sulfur, chlorine, potassium and others. The collaboration seeks to better characterize aerosols in Indonesia and inform air quality policy through source apportionment of particulate matter.

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    of 32

    Current Research Collaboration

    Proving Breathable Jakarta Air by Monitoring Data

    Jakarta, 14 November 2022


    Muhayatun Santoso
    Particulate Matter
    Relative Mortality Rate Ratios
    6 US Cities
    1.35

    Mortality Rate Ratio


    1.30
    1993
    1.25 Complete
    1.20 Period1
    Period2
    1.15
    1.10
    1.05
    1.00
    0.95
    0.90
    5 10 15 20 25 30 35
    Dockery et al 1993 3
    Laden et al 2006 PM2.5 Mass (µg/m )

    2
    Particulate Matter

    Sumber: Kim oahn, 2018 Workshop, Bandung 3


    Why do we need fine particulate analysis
    • To build a database monitoring and evaluate the policy implemented
    for air quality management

    • Identifying pollution sources is the first critical step towards


    developing strategies for its management

    • PM2.5 mass analysis and composition is important to give information


    on air quality status inline with the NAAQS (Determination
    compliance with air quality standards)
    To assess the level of PM2.5 ; PM2.5-10 and its
    • Examine the elevated and extend for certain elements (elevated chemical composition for source identification
    concentrations as early warning)
    Elemental analysis in APM is crucial
    • To identify the pollutant sources (source apportionment) to identify the pollution sources

    • Evaluation for the health impact assessment/health risk assessment


    Metodology
    ❖ Sampling untuk memperoleh partikulat udara PM2.5 dan
    PM10 secara simultan (dichotomous sampler)

    ❖ Parameter dikarakterisasi untuk massa, black carbon, multi


    unsur (unsur-unsur kunci dalam identifikasi jenis sumber
    pencemar udara) serta logam-logam berat sebagai early
    warning kondisi kualitas udara

    ❖ Data set untuk input reseptor modeling untuk identifikasi


    sumber pencemar

    ▪ QA/QC

    ▪ EPA PMF 2/5

    ▪ CPF
    ▪ LONG RANGE TRANSPORT
    SamplingSampling
    GENT (2010-2022)
    Dichotomous sampler
    • Sampling of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 were carried out in DLH
    Prov Jakarta
    • Sampling were carried out using dichotomous sampler Gent
    stacked filter unit in each site, once a week by the local
    EPA
    • 2-3 monthly the collected samples were sent back to
    BATAN laboratory for mass, BC and elemental analysis

    Source: Judy and Watson, 2019 Oct Workshop, Bandung

    Gent sampler 6
    Super SASS Sampler

    The SASS (Speciation Air Sampler System) chemical sampler was developed under contract from
    the United States Environmental Protection Agency – US-EPA by Met One Instruments.
    Super SASS Sampler (2022)
    Jakarta

    Tangerang Selatan
    PM and BC analysis
    PM analysis BC analysis
    Determination of mass concentration (PM2.5 and PM10) was Determination of carbon in the filter is based on the process
    done by gravimetric method using Mettler Toledo micro of light reflection. The absorption and reflection of visible
    balance light by airborne particulate matter in the filter depends on
    particle concentration, density, refractive index and size
    Before weighing, the filter must be conditioned in a room with
    humidity between 45-55% and a temperature of 18-25°C.
    BC was determined using a Digital Smoke Stain
    Reflectometer. Measurement of BC in the filter was done
    Fine APM (PM2.5) and coarse APM (PM2.5-10) are obtained using the assumption that the average coefficient of particle
    from the weighing of the sample weights on the fine and mass absorption is 5.7 m2/g
    coarse filter, respectively. While PM10 is obtained from the
    total mass of particulates from fine and coarse filters
    NATs for APM Elemental Characterization
    Advantages :
    ➢ Simultaneous multi elemental
    ➢ Nondestructive, selective and sensitive
    ➢ Small weight samples
    ➢ Cost and time effective

    NAA and EDXRF in Indonesia


    • Determination of the elements contained in airborne
    particulate matter is an important step in identifying
    sources of air pollutants
    • The samples were analyzed using ED-XRF with 9
    secondary targets (Fe, CaF2, Ge, Zr, CeO2, Mo, Ag, Al
    and one Barkla polarizing target (Al2O3)).
    Synchrotron Elettra, Italy dan IBA ANSTO, Australia
    Research Collaboration

    Continuous Black Carbon Monitoring


    in Several Cities in Indonesia

    Between BRIN OR TN, DKI EPA Province, MoEF


    Aerosol and Rochester University
    INTRODUCTION
    Light absorbing carbon comes largely from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning with the
    absorption spectra depending on the fuel and combustion characteristics.These two sources produce
    particles with different Absorption Angstrom Exponents (AAE) allowing their separation based on
    multiple wavelength absorption as provided by current generation aethalometers.

    We can use the aethalometer model (Sandradewi et al.,


    2008) to separate fossil fuel and biomass burning
    particulate matter mass contributions. This approach has
    been applied in many studies in Europe and North America,
    but not particularly in developing countries like Indonesia.
    Thus, this study will explore the use of the current
    generation aethalometer (AE33) to apportion these sources
    in Jakarta and Palangka Raya.
    INTRODUCTION
    OBJECTIVE

    The objective of the study is to assess the added value of continuous light absorbing
    carbon measurements to characterize the aerosol in Indonesia and to further apportion
    its sources, for further proper and suitable policy design
    STUDY DESIGN
    Three sites (Jakarta, Serpong, Bandung)
    ➢ multi-wavelength aethalometer
    (AE33)
    ➢ May 2022 minimal two years
    period continuous

    Jakarta sites (DKI Central – DKI-1)


    at AQMS
    TRAINING

    Jakarta &
    Serpong sites
    Super SASS Sampler
    Jakarta

    Monthly PM2.5
    Jakarta Serpong
    (ug/m3)

    July 38.9 -

    August 42.1 48.1

    September 32.8 48.0

    October 30.3 32.6

    Tangerang Selatan
    Elemental concentration in Jakarta dan Serpong 2022
    Jakarta Serpong
    Unsur Kons. Rata2 Rentang Kons. Rata2 Rentang
    ng/m3 ng/m3 ng/m3 ng/m3
    PM2.5 (µg/m3) 36.5 21.6 - 52.0 42.7 11.8 - 72.5
    Na 736 56.2 - 2772 423 30.6 - 853
    Mg 34.8 0.3 - 81.8 81.0 8.5 - 325
    Al 63.0 7.1 - 158 63.1 0.18 - 184
    Si 128 34.0 - 266 110 15.2 - 277
    S 2559 974 - 3830 2914 1191 - 6597
    Cl 54.0 13.0 - 201 205 25.0 - 599
    K 443 179 - 598 516 237 - 792 Pb Jakarta Pb Serpong S Jakarta S Serpong
    Ca 114 49.6 - 232 66.9 34.5 - 130
    Ti 7.3 1.8 - 19.6 4.76 0.14 - 14.2
    V 0.09 0.00 - 2.24 1.97 1.69 - 2.25
    Cr 5.5 0.8 - 13.0 4.27 0.96 - 11.6
    Mn 26.7 1.1 - 95.9 7.56 1.59 - 17.5
    Fe 161 63.7 - 543 103 35.9 - 353
    Co 0.05 0.03 - 0.07 0.05 0.01 - 0.16
    Ni 2.25 0.83 - 3.86 1.99 0.03 - 5.25
    Cu 24.9 0.3 - 90.4 7.40 0.51 - 27.4
    Zn 267 83.4 - 1128 239 57.5 - 505
    Pb 106 13.1 - 656 1263 19.4 - 4987
    Sb 32.6 4.8 - 77.1 32.5 0.38 - 68.7
    As 14.3 3.8 - 37.0 28.9 1.10 - 60.0
    Br 20.9 0.5 - 58.3 12.2 1.59 - 30.4
    P 57.7 44.1 - 85.0 65.3 43.4 - 133
    Cu Jakarta Cu Serpong Mn Jakarta Mn Serpong
    Black Carbon Jakarta (Aethalometer)

    BCmass April FFma


    (ug/m3) ss
    12 BBma
    ss

    10

    BB : Biomass Burning
    FF : Fossil Fuel
    Black Carbon Jakarta (Aethalometer)

    BCmass April (ug/m3)FFmas


    s
    12 BBmas
    s

    10

    0
    Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

    BB : Biomass Burning
    FF : Fossil Fuel
    Black Carbon Jakarta (May 2022)
    Black Carbon Jakarta (June 2022)
    Results of BC
    Seasonal and annual average of BC in Jakarta

    The seasonal distributions of BC are shown in Fig. 4. The BC variations were


    weak compared to those of fine and coarse APM.
    The average PM2.5 mass at Jakarta was composed of 20% black carbon.
    High BC concentrations were measured in the 2018 dry season that were
    again likely caused by the massive construction of roads and transportation
    infrastructure that increased traffic jams
    Elemental concentration in Jakarta 2010-2021
    Elemental concentration in Jakarta 2010-2021
    Seasonal variation in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Jakarta 2010-2021
    Elemental concentration in Jakarta 2010-2021
    Box and whisker plot of S, Zn, Fe, Cu, K and Pb concentrations in PM2.5 Jakarta
    Reconstructed Mass _ RCM

    The average PM2.5 mass at Jakarta was


    composed of 20% black carbon, 19% sulfate, 8%
    soil, 2% seasalt, 1% smoke, and 2% trace
    elements. The remaining missing mass (48%)
    was mainly nitrates and organic matters.
    Covid and Air Quality for Jakarta
    Covid and Air Quality for Jakarta
    Covid and Air Quality for Jakarta
    Publikasi
    Publications related2021
    Jakarta Air Quality

    AAQR Agustus 2021 Atmospheric Pollution Research 2020


    AAQR2020

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