LEVEL OF AWARENESS IN THE RA 9262 OF THE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

AND CHILDREN
______________________

A Research Proposal

Presented to the Faculty

of the College of Criminal Justice Education

Saint Ferdinand College

Cabagan, Isabela

______________________

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

By

JOHN RAYMOND C. FUGABAN RUTH B. MAGULIANO

PRINCE JOHN MARK GONZALES TRISHA MAE CALATA

ROY A. GATAN JR. ALVIN G. FUGABAN

REDEN G. CASTILLO RICHARD T. BAUTISTA

Date
 APPROVAL SHEET

The thesis attached hereto entitled “Title”, prepared and submitted by JOHN

RAYMOND C. FUGABAN, PRINCE JOHN MARK A. GONZALES, ROY A. GATAN

JR., RUTH B. MAGULIANO, ALVIN G. FUGABAN, TRISHA MAE CALATA, REDEN

G. CASTILLO and RICHARD T. BAUTISTA, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY, is hereby endorsed.

REYNER D. GADDAO, RCrim

Adviser

Approved and accepted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY with a grade of ____.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

CHRISTINA C. MALAYAO, LPT

Chair

JERON B. MINA, LPT, MSME DEMETRIO U. DIVINA, LPT

Member Member

AIVONNE MAE B. ANDRES, RCrim REYNER D. GADDAO, RCrim

Member Criminal Justice Education Coordinator

CESAR B. MALENAB, Ph.D.

College Dean
Recorded by:

MYCHELLE L. LAGUNDI, MBA

Registrar
 CHAPTER I
Introduction
Violence against women and their children refers to any act or a series of acts committed

by any person against a woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom the

person has or had a sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has a common child, or

against her child whether legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which

result in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic

abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary

deprivation of liberty Violence against women (RA 9262 VAWC) is an alarming problem

experience by many women worldwide. It ranges from simple physical abuses to severe life

destroying consequences such as emotional disorder and death. The Filipino women are not

exempted from this myriad, and though our constitution guarantees equal protection to all

regardless of gender, we cannot deny the fact that there were numerous pitiful women who

suffered violence from the hands of their cruel husbands, abusive parents or guardians, and some

from their employers. Violence can have devastating consequences for victims. The effects can

be loosely divided into psychological and physical categories. Psychological effects include

symptoms of trauma related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and

substance abuse. In addition to the direct effects of abuse, psychological symptoms can be

exacerbated by the social isolation that perpetrators often impose on victims. Physical effects

include not only injuries but also chronic problems such as headaches, pelvic pain, and irritable

bowel syndrome. Of course, not all women will show all of these effects, and some women who

have sustained violence may show none of them. Violence against women is both a cause and

consequence of gender inequality. It is a widespread and pervasive violation of the enjoyment of

human rights and a major impediment to achieving gender equality. It is rooted in historically

unequal power relations between men and women. The vast majority of perpetrators of the

violence are male while victims are female. It is this disproportionality that frames the discussion

of violence against women as a form of systematic discrimination and connects it to gender

equality obligations. The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination

against Women, in its General Recommendation No. 19, notes that the definition of

discrimination includes gender-based violence, that is, violence that is directed against a woman

because she is a woman or that affects women disproportionately.5 Most States have

incorporated the principle of non-discrimination, as articulated in international human rights

instruments, into their domestic laws. (Skinnider, 2014). The researchers were interested in

conducting the study in order to discover the level of awareness of the respondents in the

Implementation of RA 9262 otherwise known as Violence against women and their children and

to determine if there’s a significant difference pertaining in their level of awareness as to

implementation of this act.

Statement of the Problem

This study will determine the awareness of the respondents to the implementation of Republic
Act 9262: Violence against Women and Children.
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

1.1 Age
1.2 sex
1.3 Civil status
1.4 Educational attainment
2. What is the level of awareness of the respondents in the implementation of RA 9262:
Violence against women and children?
3. Is there a significant difference in the level of awareness of the respondents as to the
implementation of RA 9262 the Violence against women and their children?
Objectives of the study
This study will be conducted to determine the implementation of the RA 9262 Violence
against women and their children.
Specifically, it will answer the following questions:
1. Determine the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1. Age
1.2. Sex
1.3. Civil status
1.4. Educational attainment
2. Determine the level of awareness of the respondents in the implementation of RA 9262
Violence against women and their children.
3. Determine the significant difference on the perception of the respondents as to the
implementation of RA 9262 Violence against women and their children.

Significance of the study

This study will be expected to be significant to the following:

Researchers. This study will serve as an instrument to the researchers that will further
understand their knowledge regarding the topic.
Community. This study will give serve as an instrument for the community to know about
the Republic Act 9262 that will protect them from any violence under the law.
School/ Administrator. This will provide them information to promote, enhance and support

programs concerning violence against women and children.

Future Researchers. This study will provide them information that will serve as a

foundation to further studies to be conducted.

Scope and Delimitation

The study will be conducted at the Municipality of Cabagan with the target respondents of 50
women age 20 and above of the selected Barangay of Cabagan. The duration of the study will be
in the Academic Year 2022-2023.
Definition of Terms
Children- They are the ones who feel pain the most because they see their parents being hurt by
their partners and it can cause them some trauma.
Republic Act 9262 Violence Against Women and Children (VAWC)-
Violence Against a Women and their children (VAWC) any act or series of acts committed by
any person against a women who is his wife, or with whom the persons has or had a sexual or
dating relationships, or with whom he has a common child, or against her child/child under her
care,
Women- It pertains a person who commonly suffers violence against their partners because we
all know men is stronger than a women
Violence- an act that is abusive that may be done through:
Emotional abuse- majority of women and their children tends to have very sensitive
feelings the moment they hear some hurtful words from their partners or parents
Mental abuse- This kind of violence occurs when a woman or a child has been abandoned
by his/her partner or parents. Mental abuse can be more painful than physical abuse.
Physical abuse – physical abuse is the visible ones you may see it through their bodies
such as bruises, scratches and wounds.
violence is defined by the World Health Organization in the WRVH as “the intentional use of
physical force o power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group
or community, that either results in or has a high like hood or resulting in injury, death,
psychological harm, maldevelopment
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference on the level of awareness on RA 9262 of the Violence
against women and their children when grouped according to profile.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEWS OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign literature

Violence against children can be prevented. Preventing and responding to violence against

children requires that efforts systematically address risk and protective factors at all four

interrelated levels of risk (individual, relationship, community, society). Under the leadership of

WHO, a group of 10 international agencies have developed and endorsed an evidence-based

technical package called INSPIRE: Seven strategies for ending violence against children.

The package aims to help countries and communities achieve SDG Target 16.2 on ending violen

ceagainst children. Each letter of the word INSPIRE stands for one of the strategies, and most

have been shown to have preventive effects across several different types of violence, as well

as benefits in areas such as mental health, education and crime reduction. The seven strategies

are:

Implementation and enforcement of laws (for example, banning violent discipline and restricting

access to alcohol and firearms);

Norms and values change (for example, altering norms that condone the sexual abuse of girls or

aggressive behavior among boys);

Safe environments (such as identifying neighbourhood “hot spots” for violence and then

addressing the local causes through problem-oriented policing and other interventions);

Parental and caregiver support (for example, providing parent training to young, first time

parents);

Income and economic strengthening (such as microfinance and gender equity training);

Response services provision (for example, ensuring that children who are exposed to violence

can access effective emergency care and receive appropriate psychosocial support); and

Education and life skills (such as ensuring that children attend school, and providing life

and social skills training

May 2016 World Health Assembly resolution endorsed the first ever WHO Global plan of action

on strengthening the role of the health system within a national multisectoral response to address

interpersonal violence, in particular against women and girls, and against children. According to

this plan, WHO in collaboration with Member States and other partners, is committed to:

Monitoring the global magnitude and characteristics of violence against children and supporting

country efforts to document and measure such violence. Maintaining an electronic information

system that summarizes the scientific data on the burden, risk factors and consequences of

violence against children, and the evidence for its preventability. Developing and disseminating

evidence-based technical guidance documents, norms and standards for preventing and

responding to violence against children. Regularly publishing global status reports on country

efforts to address violence against children through national policies and action plans, laws,

prevention programs and response services. Supporting countries and partners in implementing

evidence-based prevention and response strategies, such as those included in INSPIRE: Seven

strategies for ending violence against children. Collaborating with international agencies and

organizations to reduce and eliminate violence against children globally, through initiatives such

as the Global Partnership to End Violence against Children, Together for Girls and the Violence
Prevention Alliance. (Mercy et, al. 2016) Women’s right to live free from violence is upheld by

international agreements such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) especially through General Recommendations 12 and

19, and the 1993 UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women. UN Women

works with countries at the global level to advance the international normative framework

through support provided to inter-governmental processes, such as the General Assembly and the

CSW. At the country level, UN Women supports women and children or under Republic Act

9262 otherwise known as “The Anti -Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of

2004”. Among the acts of violence or abuses covered by R.A. 9262 are physical violence, sexual

violence, psychological violence, and economic abuse. Every day, there is a reported case of

violence against women. VAW cases significant decrease from January to October this year in

Western Visayas. Based on the latest statistics from PRO 6-WCPD, a total of 2,338 cases of

VAW were recorded across the region during the period which is 31.40 percent, or 1,070 cases

decrease compared to the 3,408 cases for the same period in 2016. The most prevalent act of

violence is physical abuse numbering to 1,317. the significant drop is due to the efforts made by

the PNP in collaboration with the local government units and other concerned agencies to end

VAW such as strengthening of VAWC Desks through trainings and conduct of advocacy

activities in the prevention and reduction of abuse cases in the grassroots. President Rodrigo

Duterte’s campaign on illegal drugs has also contributed in the decrease of VAW cases.

Ilonggo’s continue to cooperate with their police to end VAW by helping stop the culture of

silence on violence and abuses committed against women. (French, 2017) The Inter-Agency

Council on Violence Against Women and Their Children (IACVAWC)was created by virtue of

Republic Act No. 9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004). To
ensure the effective implementation of the law, twelve (12) agencies specifically tasked to

formulate programs and projects to eliminate VAW based on their respective mandates, develop

capability programs for their employees to become more sensitive to the need soft their clients,

and to monitor all VAW initiatives were convened to form the Council. These agencies are:

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD); Department of the Interior and Local

Government (DILG); Civil Service Commission (CSC), Commission on Human Rights (CHR);

Philippine Commission on Women (PCW); Department of Justice.

https://www.scribd.com/document/428169513/Reviews-of-Related-Literature-and-Studies

According to McCue (2008), in her book “Domestic Violence: A Reference Handbook”,

domestic violence is a form of oppression that occurs within a social context that makes violence

against an oppressed group possible and even acceptable. Women are considered an oppressed

group. The oppression of women and the right of women and the right of husbands is rooted in

the traditional belief that the husband dominates with implied power. Our social structure sets

forth a pattern in the family in which the husband is in charge and both parents rule the children.

According to feminists, the institutions of, marriage and family encourage abusive men to use

physical force to control or gain power over wives or intimate partners. Men feel entitled to this

position of authority and their position is reinforced by religious teachings and our social legal

systems. According to Kamran Niazi (2016), in his article “A Brief Literature Review on

Domestic Violence”, the root causes of domestic violence within various economic, social, and

cultural contexts have been the subject of interest for many economist and social scientists. Low

economic resources and poor standard of life increase the incidence of domestic violence. The

literature suggested that women who have more autonomy, mobility and economic independence

are relatively safer from such violence and it is also seen to be true for households with a higher
level of education. Disparity between husband and wife in terms of education and wages,

pointing to a superior socioeconomic status for women would lead to an increase of domestic

violence. In the book of Barnett, Miller- Perrin and Perrin (1997) “Family Violence Across the

Lifespan”, Family Violence is not a new phenomenon — it has probably existed in families since

the beginning of time. However, violence in the family against children, spouses, and elderly

persons become recognized as a social problem by professionals and society at large. One major

event occurring in this century propelled the problem into public view. This was the well-

publicized findings of Dr. C. Henry Kempe of Colorado of the multiple bone fractures appearing

in the X-rays of abused children. Another was the advent of the Women’s movement in the

1970’s, which help spawn the shelter movement. The vast number of reports of family violence

made to the police and other officials also heightened public and professional problem of family

violence. Progress within the field has been rapid has many grassroots organizations, mental

health workers, university researchers, lawmakers and medical personnel, criminal justice

personnel, book writers, and the media have mobilized their efforts to understand family

violence. The combined efforts of all these groups have led to a growing national concern about

family violence. In the past two decades, the general has become more familiar with family

violence through news coverage of highly publicized cases, cover stories in magazines,

television programs, and movies. Although media exposure as helped make people more aware

of family violence and researchers have made great strides in understanding the problem, much

as still unknown about this complex and multifaceted problem. To achieve these goals, that have

drawn together a voluminous research literature research literature that describes the magnitude

family violence, how family violence assessed, the consequences of family violence, and what is

known about the many factors that contribute to family violence. Topics cover the professional
and social responses to family violence, including clinical treatments, educational efforts within

the schools, the ways social agencies respond to disclosures of family violence, and the

approaches taken to prevent family violence. In the book of Colucci and Montesinos (2013),

“Violence against Women in the Context of Migration”, domestic violence and other forms of

violence against women and coercion are well known to be substantial and widespread, with

women more likely than men abused by partners and other family members. Domestic violence

is a major precipitating factor for suicide behavior. Higher risk of being victim of violence,

additional information forms of violence (immigration-related abuse), and greater barriers to

seeking help contribute to make women from immigrant and refugee backgrounds particularly

vulnerable to suicidal behavior. While violence against women is now widely recognized as a

significant global problem, a major public health issue, and one of the most widespread

violations of human rights, suicidal behavior among immigrant women has received limited

attention as a public health concern, and even less as a human/women’s right issue. Suicide

prevention must be addressed as a public health issue, and it is time for suicide to be considered

also as a women and human rights issue. According to Lyn Shipway (2004), in her book

“Domestic Violence: A Handbook for Health Professionals”. Domestic violence has been

defined as: a continuum of behavior ranging from verbal abuse, physical, and sexual assault, to

rape and even homicide. The vast majority of such violence, and the most severe and chronic

incidents, are perpetrated by men against women and their children. includes violence and abuse

within same-sex relationships, violence by women against men and violence and abuse

perpetrated by one family member against another, the focus of this book is on violence and

abuse by men, against women. It seeks to explore the multiplicity of factors that collectively

construct a never-increasing and serious healthcare need for those being abused within their
intimate relationships. Intimate violence may take many forms, often combining physical,

emotional, psychological, sexual and financial abuse. The degree of abuse and violence varies

within each partnership, often occurring on a continuum of severity and effect. For some the

abuse and violence are periodic with minimal long-term effects. The violence becomes insidious,

permeating every action, every thought and deed until eventually, for some women, suicide

remains the only escape. Other women express their self-disgust and powerlessness through

alcohol or drug abuse, or self-mutilation, exhibiting signs of severe depression and total

dependency on the abuser. According to R.E Dobash and R.P Dobash (2017) in their book "

Violence against Wives", found that in the social system has defined the husband as dominant,

strong, authoritarian, aggressive and rational provider for the family, while the wife has

traditionally been assigned to a dependent, passive, submissive, soft and times hysterical role.

Our society has flourished under this model by dividing the labor force in half, encouraging

women to remain at home and care for their husband and children. While husband leave the

home to provide a living for their families. Feminist believe that as long as women are not equal

in every way, domestic violence will be a problem in our society. The problem of domestic

violence should be addressed by helping individual women who are battered or by putting energy

into changing the pervasive social attitudes that allow such abuse to the place. According to Erin

Pizzey (1974) in her book " Scream Quietly or the Neighbor’s Will H ear", concerns about

battered wives. Throughout the History of Western country society when women were

considered subject to their husband’s rule, totally dependent upon them, with no rights as

individuals. Beating them is legal, especially if they committed some offense against the husband

authority. A woman was subject to her father's rule until marriage, when she was given by her

father to her husband. Once married was under her husband authority. If she left her husband for
any reason, she had no property and also lost her children. According to Carroll, Perez and

Taylor (2014) The Evidence for Violence Prevention across the Lifespan and Around the World

is the summary of a workshop convened in January 2013 by the Institute of Medicine’s Forum

on Global Violence Prevention to explore the value and application of the evidence for violence

prevention across the lifespan and around the world. As a part of the Forum’s mandate is to

engage in multi-sectoral, multidirectional dialogue that explores crosscutting approaches to

violence prevention, this workshop examined how existing evidence for violence prevention can

continue to be expanded, disseminated, and implemented in ways that further the ultimate aims

of improved individual well-being and safer communities. This report examinees violence

prevention interventions that have been proven to reduce different types of violence (e.g., child

and elder abuse, intimate partner and sexual violence, youth and collective violence, and self-

directed violence), identifies the common approaches most lacking in evidentiary support, and

discusses ways that proven effective interventions can be integrated or otherwise linked with

other prevention programs.

According to Kruttschnitt, kalsbeek and house, (2014) the Bureau of Justice statistics

(BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) measures the rates at which Americans are

victims of crimes, including rape and sexual assault, but there is concern that rape and sexual

assault are undercounted on this survey, BJS asked the National Research Council to investigate

this issue and recommend best practices for measuring rape and sexual assault on their household

surveys. Estimating the Incidence of Rape and Sexual Assault concludes that it is likely that the

NCVS is undercounting rape and sexual assault. The most accurate counts of rape and sexual

assault cannot be achieved without measuring them separately from other victimization, the

report says. It recommends that BJS develop a separate survey for measuring rape and sexual
assault. The new survey should more precisely define ambiguous words such as “rape” gives

more privacy to respondents, and take other steps that would improve the accuracy of responses.

Estimating the Incidence of Rape and Sexual Assault takes a fresh look at the problem of

measuring incidents of rape and sexual assault from criminal justice perspective. This result

examinees issues such as the legal definitions in survey instruments so that their meaning is clear

to respondents, and best methods for obtaining as a complete reporting as possible of these

crimes in surveys, including methods whereby respondents may report anonymously. Rape and

Sexual assault are among the most injurious crimes a person can inflict on another. The effects

are devastating, extended beyond the initial victimizations to consequences such as unwanted

pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, sleep and eating disorders, and other emotional and

physical problems. Understanding the frequency and context under which rape and sexual assault

are committed is vital in directing resources for law enforcement and support for victims. These

data can influence public health and mental health policies and help identify interventions that

will reduce the risk of future attacks.

https://www.academia.edu/39785762/Chapter_2_updated_docx_Final_Grammar

Local literature

Police offices manning the Women and Children Protection Desks (WCPD) in Western

Visayas are armed with the necessary trainings to handle cases of violence against women and

children (VAWC). WCPD of Police Regional Office 6 are required to undergo gender sensitivity

training, specialized course for WCPD officers and criminal investigation course, among others.

There are about 445 of them assigned in all police stations region wide. When it comes to cases

of women and children, these are very sensitive, and officers handling these cases should be

properly trained to avoid discrimination and insensitivity. WCPDs are open 24 hours to accept
complaints and calls for assistance giving topmost importance on complaints on any abuses

committed against women and children or under Republic Act 9262 otherwise known as “The

Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004”. Among the acts of violence or

abuses covered by R.A. 9262 are physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and

economic abuse. Every day, there is a reported case of violence against women. VAW cases

significant decrease from January to October this year in Western Visayas. Based on the latest

statistics from PRO 6-WCPD, a total of 2,338 cases of VAW were recorded across the region

during the period which is 31.40 percent, or 1,070 cases decrease compared to the 3,408 cases

for the same period in 2016. The most prevalent act of violence is physical abuse numbering to

1,317. the significant drop is due to the efforts made by the PNP in collaboration with the local

government units and other concerned agencies to end VAW such as strengthening of VAWC

Desks through trainings and conduct of advocacy activities in the prevention and reduction of

abuse cases in the grassroots. President Rodrigo Duterte’s campaign on illegal drugs has also

contributed in the decrease of VAW cases. Ilonggo’s continue to cooperate with their police to

end VAW by helping stop the culture of silence on violence and abuses committed against

women. (French, 2017)

The Inter-Agency Council on Violence Against Women and Their Children (IACVAWC)

was created by virtue of Republic Act No. 9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and Their

Children Act of 2004). To ensure the effective implementation of the law, twelve (12) agencies

specifically tasked to formulate programs and projects to eliminate VAW based on their

respective mandates, develop capability programs for their employees to become more sensitive

to the needs of their clients, and to monitor all VAW initiatives were convened to form the

Council. These agencies are: : Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD);
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG);Civil Service Commission (CSC),

Commission on Human Rights (CHR);Philippine Commission on Women (PCW);Department of

Justice (DOJ);Department of Health (DOH);Department of Education (DepEd);Department of

Labor and Employment (DOLE);Philippine National Police (PNP);Council for the Welfare of

Children (CWC);National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)

https://www.scribd.com/document/428169513/Reviews-of-Related-Literature-and-Studies

Republic Act 9262 also known as "Anti-violence against women and children act of 2004

was passed in the Philippines for protection of women and children from violence. This law

established the parameters and guidelines in keeping with the fundamental freedoms guaranteed

under the constitution and provisions of the universal declaration of human rights. The

convention one limination of all forms of discrimination against women, convention on the right

soft the child and other international human rights instruments of which the Philippines is a

party. According to Caparas and Amparado (2012), in their article “The Anti-Violence Against

Women and Their Children ", it is the result of a decade advocacy of victim- survivors, women’s

human right advocates and organizations women legislator’s government agencies and the

national commission on the role of Filipino women. The broad definition of VAW in the law was

patterned after the declaration on the elimination of violence against women is referring to

any act or series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife, former wife,

or against a woman with whom the person has or had a sexual or dating relationship, or with

whom he has a common child, or against her child. Whether legitimate or illegitimate, within or

without the family abode, which result in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological

harm or suffering, or economic abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion,

harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty. It covers all forms of violence, such as physical,
sexual, psychological and economic. According to Peterson, Joseph and Feit (2014), in their

article, “New Direction in Child Abuse and Neglect Research” each year child protective

services receive reports of child abuse and neglect involving six million children, and many more

go unreported. The long-term human and fiscal consequences of child abuse and neglect are not

relegated to the victims themselves —they also impact their families, future relationships, and

society. In 1993, the National Research Council (NCR) issued the report, Under-standing Child

Abuse and Neglect, which provided and overview of the research of the child abuse and neglect.

New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research updates the 1993report and provides new

recommendations to respond to this public health challenge. According to this report, while there

has been great progress in child abuse and neglect research, a coordinated, national research

infrastructure with high level federal support needs to be established and implemented

immediately.

New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research recommends an actionable framework to

guide and support future child abuse and neglect research. This report calls for a comprehensive,

multidisciplinary approach to child abuse and neglect research that examines factors related to

both children and adults across physical, mental and behavioral health domains — including

those in child welfare, economic support, criminal justice, education, and healthcare systems —

and assess the needs of variety of subpopulations. It should also clarify the causal pathways

related to child abuse and neglect and, more importantly, assess efforts to interrupt these

pathways. New Directions in Child and Child Abuse and Neglect Research identifies four areas

to look to In developing a coordinated research enterprise: national strategic plan, a national

surveillance system, a new generation of researchers, and changes in the federal and state

programmatic and policy response. According to May Hazel Tagupa (2018), on her book “
Violence Against Women and their Children” , battered woman syndrome is a scientifically

defined a pattern of psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women living in battering

relationships as a result of cumulative abuse. A battered woman is a woman who is repeatedly

subjected to any forceful physical or psychological behavior by a man in order to coerce her to

do something he wants her to do without concern for her rights. Battered woman include wives

or women in any form of intimate relationship with men. In order to be classified as a battered

woman, the couple must go through the battering cycle at least twice. Any woman may find

herself in an abusive relationship with Aman once. If it occurs a second time, and she remains in

the situation she is defined as a battered woman. According to Philippine Mission (2005) the

government of the Philippines enacted Republic Act. 9262 or otherwise known as Anti-Violence

against Women and their Children act (AVAWCA) on March 8 2004. This law aims to further

protect women and children from violence and to criminalized perpetrators, AVAWCA

criminalized people who commit act of physical, sexual, psychological, (including Verbal) and

economic abuse against violence women and their children in a marriage, when dating or in

common law relationship. It protects women who are abuse by their spouses, former partner or

lesbian partners. It also includes the “battered woman syndrome” as a justifying circumstance for

self-defense, leaving the woman victim free from any civil or criminal liability if she injure or

kill the abuser. The remedies available to the offender woman or child under the law, includes

the insurance of the temporary protection order by the court which incorporate such relief as: (a)

prohibiting the respondent from making threats or harassment; (b) excluding the respondent from

the residence of the offender party regardless of the ownership of the residence; and

(c)garnishment of a percentage of the respondents wage in favor of the offended party. For rural

victim violence, the law mandates the barangay (village) official to provide protection. Section
14 of the law provides that the Punong (head of the) Barangay can issue the protection order

after having determined the basis of application. If the barangay head is not available, any

Barangay Kagawad(councilman) can fulfill the role as long as an attestation of the Punong

Barangay’s unavailability will be provided. According to NSO (2009) the Inter-Agency Council

on Violence against Women and their Children (IACVAWC), composed of national government

agencies task to formulate plans to address VAWC, developed its five-year Strategic Plan to

intensify efforts to combat VAW. It includes strategies and mechanisms where concerned

stakeholders are expected to participate. It serve as the print for VAWC preventing and the

protection and rehabilitation of victims-survivors of VAW in the next five years. NGO Programs

in Violence against Women [and Children] (VAWC)The NGO community should be credited for

not only raising violence against women as a public issue and for providing services even before

government systems were set up. Many community based programs to assist women in victims

of violence initiated by NGOs have been adopted and replicated by national government

agencies and local government units such as Community based Approach to Violence Against

Women (COMVAT VAW) pioneered by the Women’s Legal Bureau and the HASIK. The Lihok

Pilipina’s Bantay Banay or “community watch” is the backbone of Cebu City’s Anti - Domestic

Violence Program. The Women’s Crisis Center (WCC), the first crisis center for

victims/survivors of VAW, launched its National Family Violence Prevention Program in 1997

with 18 cities and municipalities all over the Philippines. It is a community-based strategy of

preparing family members to protect themselves against violence and manage peaceful

resolution of conflict within the context of family relations. It aims to recognize and mobilize

multiagency action groups in the prevention of family violence from the regional up to the

barangay level. The WCC spent an average of P/6,083.30 per month per survivor. This includes
food and transportations subsidy, medical assistance, therapies, utilities, and other personal needs

like toiletries, towels and slippers, among others. Other women NGOs that have been at the

forefront of the crusade against VAWC are SALIGAN (a legal group) KALAKASAN (Women

against Violence, in NGO providing shelter and counseling and Women’s Legal Bureau (legal

group). These women’s groups maintain a network of services dedicated to helping women

survivors of violence and cooperated in the implementation of research projects dealing with

violence. They have also conscientiously tried to maintain records of their clients and services to

help establish data on the extent and nature of violence committed against women. Several

networks on violence against women such as Coalition against Trafficking in Women focus on

issue of prostitution and trafficking locally and internationally. They hold preventive education

seminars and training in communities, among NGOs and with selected youth groups. The

Philippine Migrants Rights Network on the other hand, particularly Kalanga, assists women who

are victims of violence in the context of migration.

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Foreign studies

In the study of (Guedes et, al. 2016) Implement and enforce laws criminalizing abuse and

exploitation of both women and children. Promote gender norms that do not accept violence

against women or violence against children. Improve access to safe and responsive prevention

and support services that are age and gender appropriate. Integrate material on gender

socialization and equal treatment of girls and boys into home and community-based parenting

programs. Promote the integration of a gender perspective within microfinance programs.

Strengthen intimate partner violence prevention programs and ensure they also consider children
both directly and indirectly exposed to violence these are the ways to eliminate VAWC

according to them.

In Minnesota, the Minnesota Coalition for Battered Women developed a secondary

school violence prevention program and trained secondary school teachers in the use of the

curriculum. The approximately 200 teachers who were willing to participate in the evaluation

were stratified by junior or senior high, and by rural, suburban, or urban location. Teachers were

randomly selected from each of the six subgroups, and their students became the sample for the

evaluation. Control groups from the same or nearby schools were also tested. Both groups were

given preprogram and post-program tests to assess their knowledge about battering, their

attitudes, and their knowledge about the resources available for help in addressing relationship

violence. Students who were given the 5-day prevention program improved their knowledge

scores significantly more than the control group. However, attitudes among both experimental

and control groups showed very little change. There was a posttest significant difference between

girls' and boys' scores, with the girls' scoring more in the desired direction. The experimental

groups also became more knowledgeable about general resources available for help with

relationship violence, such as a hospital or mental health center, although they could not name

specific local services (Jones, 1991)

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The study of Shuba Kumar and Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan (2014), entitled “ Domestic

violence in Indian W omen” present that in household survey of rural, urban non-slum and slum

areas from seven sites in India the population of women ages 15-49 years was sampled using

probability proportionate to size. A total part pated: 3611 In rural areas 3155 in urban slum areas
and 3172 in urban on-slum areas overall participation rates were 91% for rural areas,84%

for urban slum and 77% for urban non-slum areas. Of the 9938 women, 4005 (40%)reported

experiencing any violence during their marriage, of whom 2243 (56%)had Self Report

Questionnaire (SRQ) scores indicating poor mental health. Domestic violence is an all-pervasive,

serious social malady with major public health implications. It is physically and psychologically

damaging often with long-term consequences. In this study the risk of poor mental health

was higher among women who had experience domestic spousal violence compared with this

who had not. the findings of this studies shown that a history of being target of violence puts

women at increased risk of depression suicide attempts, psychosomatic disorders and physical

injury. Women who are poor and those were less educated were also found to beat increased risk

of poor mental health. While others also shown that women living in poverty are

disproportionately affected. This woman is faced with enormous social, physical and economical

stresses in associated with the experience of domestic violence are likely to increase their

vulnerability to mental morbidities. Postulated poverty probably acts as a marker for a variety of

social conditions that combine to increase the risk of violence faced by women. The study of

Emily Cohodes, Stephen Chen and Alicia Lieberman (2018),entitled “Maternal Meta -Emotion

Philosophy Moderates Effect of Maternal Symptomatology on Preschoolers Exposed to

Domestic Violence ” stated that exposure to domestic violence in the preschool years is

consistently associated with children’s heightened risk for developing behavior problems.

Children under the ages of five are disproportionately represented in households with domestic

violence. In preschool-aged children without a history of trauma exposure, parent’s awareness,

acceptance, and coaching of their children negative emotion, specifically anger and sadness,

have been linked to children’s better self-regulatory capacities. The study of Hugh McLaughlin
and Rachel Robbins (2016), entitled “Adult Social Work and High-Risk Domestic Violence

cases” focused on one city of “England’ it focuses on adult social works response to high risk

domestic violence cases role of adult social workers in multi-agency risk and assessment

conferences. The findings suggest that although social workers accept the need to be involved in

domestic violence cases they are uncertain of what their role is and are confused with the need to

operate a parallel domestic violence and adult safeguarding approach, which is further,

complicated by issues of mental capacity. The article argues for re-engagement of adult social

workers with domestic violence that has increasingly become over identified with child

protection. This also raises the issue whether multi-agency risk and assessment conferences

remain fit for purpose and whether they still represent the best possible response to multi-agency

coordination and practice in domestic violence. However they are endangers of becoming

managerial processes neglecting the service user they are meant to protect. The study of John

Winbey (2015), entitled “Domestic Violence and Abusive Relationships Research Review”,

domestic violence referred to more precisely in academic literature as “intimate partner violence”

(IPV) has grown substantially over the past few decades. The lifetime prevalence physical

violence by an intimate partner 31.5% among women and 12months before taking the survey an

intimate 4.0% woman experienced some form of physical violence by and intimate partner. An

estimated 22.3% of women experienced at least one acts of severe physical violence by an

intimate partner during their life times. Women education typically protects against divorce but

that association weakens in abusive marriages. The pattern of wives proportional income net of

education together this patterns against that education and financial resources benefits women by

increasing marital stability in non-abusive marriages and promoting divorce in abusive

marriages. Also the greater tendency for education women to leave abusive marriages’ was
substantial. Example of that is in highly violent marriages, women with a college degree had

over 10% greater probability of divorce in the observed time period than women without a

college degree. This study also finds that women with economic resources were likely to leave

unhappy marriages; regardless of whether they involve abuse. Similarly, degree earning women

were more likely than les educated women to leave violent mirages, regardless of their feelings

dissatisfaction. European Union Survey” One in 10 women have experienced some form of

sexual violence since the age of 15, while one in 20 has been raped, one in five women have

experienced some form of stalking since the age of 15, with 5%having experienced it in the 12

months preceding the survey. However, three out of four stalking cases reported in the survey

never come to the attention of the police. One in 10 women have been stalked by a previous

partner of women in the survey who indicate that they have been raped by their current partner,

about one third 31% say they have experienced six or more incidents of rape by their partner.

Just over one in 10 women experienced some form of sexual violence by an adult before they

were 15 most of the violence is carried out by a current or former partner, with 22% of women in

relationships reporting partner abuse. As looking at the extent of physical and sexual violence

experienced by women, the report also looks at the consequences of the violence. At long-term

psychological consequences of violence, researchers found out that victimization by partners or

other people led to victims suffering from a loss of self-confidence, leaving them feeling

vulnerable and anxious, with victims of sexual violence often suffering from a loss of self-

confidence, leaving them feeling vulnerable and anxious, with victims of sexual violence often

suffering from a higher number of psychological consequences.

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Local studies

The Philippine National Police (PNP) cited that Functional VAWC (Violence Against

Women and Children) desks in barangays are essential support system to help women survivors

of violence and abuse. Barangay VAWC Desk should be functional so that immediate response

could be given to women and children who were victims of violence. More often in far-flung

barangays, victims find a hard time to report to PNP but with the functional VAWC desk,

anytime and at any place there will be local authorities where victims can take refuge or seek

immediate assistance. Barangay officials in making the said desk functional with competent

members, proper facilities and enough budget allocation to support the victims. The PNP

encouraged the survivors to report cases of violence and abuses. Assured that the PNP Women

and Children Desk and other stakeholders are willing to help them. (Mabaquiao, 2018)

The Narra municipal council has passed an ordinance providing for the establishment of

Violence Against Women and Children (VAWC) desks in all the town’s barangays. Narra

DSWD records in 2016 showed some 93 cases of abuses on women and children, in addition to

33 recorded VAWC cases during the first half of this year. The ordinance hopes to eradicate the

number of VAWC cases being filed in the municipality and to provide support services, legal

counseling, rehabilitation programs, and the elimination of any forms of discrimination on

children and women. (Talabucon, 2017).

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The study of Racidon P. Bernarte, Queenie Marie M. Acedegbega (2018), entitled, “Violence

against Women in the Philippines” tells that the issue of violence against women is evident
among the crimes committed in the Philippines the study was conducted in order to consolidate

and draw a clear condition of violence against women in the Philippines. The focal point of this

study is to determine the state of violence against women’s in the Philippines by recognizing the

contributing factors, its perpetrators, number of cases and form of abuses. There are contributing

factors on the occurrence of violence against women anywhere that can be observed in every life.

In Filipino family context men are superior over women, this belief it results to gender

inequality. The perpetrators of violence against women are commonly intimate male partner’s

Violence against women is commonly done by men but that does not mean that it can’t be done

by women. There is a drastic difference between the percentages of women being the

perpetrators and men executing violence. Percentage of men being the perpetrator 98.92%. This

evidences support that in the situation of abuse between men and women, most of the time the

women are victims of violence.

Cross-cultural studies have cited that male control over wealth and decision making within the

family and marital conflicts as strong predictions of abuse, Gender inequality contributes to

thinking that women are weaker and less capable that men are. Women were not given the same

opportunity as men thus resulting to violence against women. study of Vivienne Gulla (2016),

entitled “Most Filipino Children Experience Violence” he presented that majority of the Filipino

children and youth have experienced violence at least once in their lifetime. Sexual abuse o of

children 13-18 years old range from unwanted touching, having sex videos or photos taken

without their consent, attempted and consummated sex. Social Welfare Secretary Judy

Taguiwalo, on the other hand underscores that the need to intensity job creation and anti-poverty

efforts. Among causes of violence identified in the study are poverty, substance abuse, especially

of alcohol, and domestic violence. United Nations international children’s emergency fund
(UNICEF) and non-government organization (NGO)say that there is no silver bullet in

addressing violence against children in the Philippines. It requires promoting awareness on

violence and help available, strengthening law enforcement at the barangay level, passing

necessary legislation. The representatives of government and non-government organizations

signed a declaration of commitment to end violence against children in the Philippines. The

study shows that becoming abattered woman is a humiliating and demeaning condition. Physical

abuse by husband lowers a wife self-esteem leaving home is also a sign of giving admitting

defeat and yielding to the situation. Battery as a form of abuse may happen to any women, elite

or poor. A victim who has repeatedly experiences physical and psychological abuse by her

husband is called a battered wife. Wife battering is one of the most prevalent types of violence in

a household; however, it is a situation that is rarely made into public. Battering may include

threatening and harming physically such as severe and frequent beatings like punching, slapping,

kicking, and choking, slapping, Hair-pulling, burning, twisting, throwing and hurting with the

use of weapons.

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, research instrument,

data collection procedure and data analysis of the study to be conducted.

Research Design

The study utilized the descriptive method of research to determine the awareness of the

respondents about RA-9262 selected barangay in Cabagan, Isabela. The researcher

employs descriptive method of research in this study. Descriptive method of research is

conclusive in nature, as opposed to exploratory. This means that descriptive research

gathers quantifiable information that can be use for statistical inference on your target

audience through data analysis. As a consequence, this type of research takes the form of

closed-ended questions, which limits its ability to provide unique insights. However, if

used properly, it can help an organization better define and measure the significance of

something about a group of respondents and the population they represent.

Respondent of the Study

The proponent selected women and their children from barangay Catabayungan,

Casibarag Norte or Casibarag Sur of the Municipality of Cabagan. The total quantity of our

respondents will be fifty and we will select 25 from each barangay.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in selected barangay in Cabagan, Isabela. Catabayungan and

Casibarag Norte or Casibarag Sur. Catabayungan is a barangay in the municipality of Cabagan,

in the province of Isabela. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 5,373. This

represented 9.97% of the total population of Cabagan. Casibarag Norte is a barangay in the

municipality of Cabagan, in the province of Isabela. Its population as determined by the 2020

Census was 3,519. This represented 6.53% of the total population of Cabagan. Casibarag Sur is

a barangay in the municipality of Cabagan, in the province of Isabela. Its population as

determined by the 2020 Census was 3,115. This represented 5.78% of the total population of

Cabagan.

Research Instrument

A self-structured questionnaire based on the implementation of the law that will be

employed to gather the data needed in the study. Questioned will be originated from the

provisions of RA 9262 otherwise known as Violence Against Women and their Children. It

consists of two (2) parts. Part I is to determine the profile of the respondent. Part II are questions

that will determine the women’s or children’s level of awareness in the Violence Against

Women And Their Children law.

Data collection Procedure

The data for the study was collected using a survey questionnaire. The researchers will

have to follow certain procedures in conducting the study.

1. The respondents are being contacted to ask their consent to fill out the questionnaire.

2. Give or provide instructions on the where abouts of the questionnaire.

3. Forwarding of links of the questionnaire to the participants in the survey.

 4. Submitting the questionnaire to the researchers.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical tool will be used in interpreting data to be gathered using the

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS);

1. Frequency and percentage will be utilized to determine the profile of the respondents.

2. Mean will be used to determine the women’s or children’s level of awareness in the
Violence Against Women And Their Children law. The 5-point Likert scale will be utilized
to interpret the responses.

Scale Range Descriptive Interpretation

5 4.50 - 5.00 Extremely Aware
4 3.50 - 4.49 Moderately Aware
3 2.50 – 1.49 Somewhat Aware
2 1.50 – 2.49 Slightly Aware
1 1.00 – 1.49 Not Aware at All
 QUESTIONAIRE

Dear Respondents,

The researcher is conducting a study entitled “Implementation of RA 9262 (Violence

against women and children) an evaluation

In this connection, may I request your utmost cooperation to answer each item questionnaire to
the best of your ability upon consideration of truth and honesty? Rest assured that whatever
responses you make will be dealt with high confidentiality.
Yours Truly,
The Researchers.

Part I. Respondent’s Profile

Gender:

___ Male ___ Female ___ LGBT

Age:

___ 20 years old and below

___ 21 – 30 years old

___ 31 – 40 years old

___ 41 years old and above

Part II.
Directions: Kindly read each item carefully and put a checkmark (✔) in the column that best
describes what is true to you using the following numerical scales with their corresponding
descriptive ratings:
5 – Extremely Aware
4 – Moderately Aware
3 – Somewhat Aware
2 – Slightly Aware
1 – Not Aware at All

Question 5 4 3 2 1
I am aware of RA 9262 Violence against Women and
Children Law.
I am aware that VAWC is implemented in my barangay.
I am aware that there is a Women and Children’s help
desk in barangay.
I am aware of the process to get a Business Process
Outsourcing(BPO)/Treatment, Payment, Health Care
Operations(TPO)/Preferred Provider Organization(PPO)
whenever I am or someone I know committed a crime
covered under VAWC.
I am aware of the different penalties under the VAWC
law.
I know that VAWC is not committed by men alone.
I know that VAWC includes physical, sexual,
psychological violence and economic abuse against
women and children.
I know that children covered in VAWC are those below
18 years of age or older but are incapable to taking care
of themselves.
I know that battery covered under VAWC law is an act of
inflicting physical harm upon the women or her child
resulting to physical and psychological distress.
I know that physical violence under VAWC Law refers
to an act that include bodily or physical harm.
I can file a VAWC case against my live-in partner who is
physically abusive.
I can file a VAWC case against my husband who is
engaging in extra-martial affairs.
I can file a VAWC case against my husband who is
threatening to kill me and I am afraid he will do it.
I can file a VAWC case against my boyfriend who does
not give financial support to our common child.
I can file a VAWC case against my boyfriend who
threatens to kill me if I break up with him.