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(Autonomous) (ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified) Summer - 2022 Examination Model Answer Subject: Wireless & Mobile Network Subject Code: 22622
(Autonomous) (ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified) Summer - 2022 Examination Model Answer Subject: Wireless & Mobile Network Subject Code: 22622
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
ii) Location Area: A "location area" is a set of base stations that are
grouped together to optimize signaling.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
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(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
Ans.
2M for
Block
Diagram
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
Radio Network:
• The radio network connects Mobile Stations (MS) and other
network components via a wireless network.
• MS connect with one another via the radio network's Base Stations
(BS).
• The radio link protocols are handled by the BS in a radio network
during communication.
• The BSC serves as a link between the radio network's BTS and the
Wireline Transport network's MSC
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
c) Draw the WAP protocol stack and state the functions of any four 4M
protocols.
Ans.
1M for each
protocol
Any four
protocols
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2M for
Block
Diagram
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
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(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
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(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
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(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
2M for any
relevant
diagram
UMTS system uses the same core network as the GPRS and uses
entirely new radio interface. 2M for
• The new radio network in UMTS is called UTRAN (UMTS explanation
Terrestrial Radio Access Network) and is connected to the core
network (CN) of GPRS via Iu interface.
• The Iu is the UTRAN interface between the Radio network
controller RNC and CN.
• The mobile terminal in UMTS is called User Equipment (UE). The
UE is connected to Node-B over high speed Uu (up to 2 Mbps)
Interface. The Node-B are the equivalent of BTS in GSM and
typically serve a cell site. Several Node-Bs are controlled by a
single RNCs over the Iub interface.
• The RNCs are connected to CN through Iu interface.
• The packet switched data is transmitted through Iu-PS interface
and circuit switched data is transferred over Iu-CS interface. One
of the new interfaces in UTRAN is Iur interface which connects
two RNCs and has no equivalent in GSM system. The Iur interface
facilitates handling of 100 percent of RRM (Radio Resource
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It is 2G It is 2.5 G
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Protocol used:
Hierarchal routing protocols are considered more energy efficient 2M for
when compared with flat and location based routing protocols. A relevant
number of hierarchal based energy efficient routing protocols have protocol
been referred to in the literature review such as LEACH , TEEN and
APTEEN , PEGASIS , MECN and SMECN , SOP , HPAR , VGA ,
Sensor Aggregate , TTDD , Energy Efficient Self-Healing , Energy
Efficient Position Based , and CELRP .
Broadcast channels:
• Packet Broadcast Central Channel (PBCCH):
• This is a downlink only channel that is used to broadcast
information to mobiles and informs them of incoming calls
etc.
• It is very similar in operation to the BCCH used for GSM.
• In fact the BCCH is still required in the initial to provide a
time slot number for the PBCCH.
• In operation the PBCCH broadcasts general information such
as power control parameters, access methods and operational
modes, network parameters, etc, required to set up calls.
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Applications of MANET
• Defense applications: Many defense applications require on the fly
communications set-up, and adHoc/sensor networks are excellent
candidates for use in battlefield management.
• Crisis management applications: These arise, for example, as a
result of natural disasters in which theentire communication
infrastructure is in disarray. Restoring communications quickly is
essential.
• Telemedicine: The paramedic assisting the victim of a traffic
accident in a remote location must accessmedical records (e.g. X-
rays) and may need video conference assistance from a surgeon for an
emergencyintervention. In fact, the paramedic may need to
instantaneously relay back to the hospital the victim's X-rays and
other diagnostic tests from the site of the accident.
• Tele- Geoprocessing application: The combination of GPS, GIS
(Geographical Information Systems), andhigh-capacity wireless
mobile systems enables a new type of application referred to as tele-
geoprocessing WSN
• Virtual Navigation: A remote database contains the graphical
representation of building, streets, andphysical characteristics of a
large metropolis. They may also "virtually" see the internal layout of
buildings,including an emergency rescue plan, or find possible points
of interest.
• For example, A VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network), is a type of
MANET that allows vehicles tocommunicate with roadside
equipment.
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Step 2:The MSC forwards the location update request to the VLR by
a TCAP message(TRANSACTION CAPABILITY APPLICATION
PART) message, MAP_UPDATE_LOCATION_AREA ,
Address of the MSC ,
TMSI of the MS ,
Previous location area identification (LAI)
Target LAI
Step 3 and Step 4: 2M for
MSC updates the LAI field of the VLR record, and replies with an diagram
acknowledgment to the MS through the MSC
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2M for
diagram
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2M for
diagram
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SDR:
SDR stands for Software Defined Radio.It is the form of open
wireless architecture.
MME- Mobility Management Entity:
It is used for Paging, Authentication, Handover and Selection of
Serving Gateway
SGW-Serving Gateway:
It is used to Routing and Forwarding user data packet.
PDN-GW Packet Data Network Gateway:
It is used for User Equipment (UE) IP allocation.
HSS-Home Subscriber Server:
It is a user Database used for service subscriber, user identification
and addressing
PCRF-Policy and Charging Rule Function:
It provide quality of service and charging
eNode B-evolved Node B:
It is used as radio resources management and radio bearer control.
2M for
Ans. diagram
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b) Draw the block diagram of a sensor node in WSN and state the 6M
function of various components.
Ans. • A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network 2M for
consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using diagram
sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions.
• A WSN system incorporates a gateway that provides wireless
connectivity back to the wired worldand distributed nodes.
4M for
explanation
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