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TLE Reviewer
TLE Reviewer
• A vegetable is any plant whose fruit, seeds, roots tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves or flower parts are
used as food (such as tomato, been beet, potato, onion, asparagus, spinach, or cauliflower) is
called vegetable.
• The botanical definition of fruit is a seed-bearing part of a flowering plant or tree that can be
eaten as food. By those standards foods such as avocados, cucumbers, squash, and yes, even
tomatoes are all fruits.
• From a Culinary viewpoint, fruit is usually thought as of any sweet-tasting plant product with
seeds, whereas a vegetable is any savory or less sweet-tasting plant.
• Paring knife - a small knife used mainly for peeling fruits and vegetables.
• Chef’s knife - is used for cutting meat, dicing vegetables, slicing herbs, and chopping nuts.
• Cutting board - a kitchen utensil used as a protective surface on which to cut or slice fruits and
vegetables.
• Tongs - tool used to grip and lift objects instead of holding them directly with hands.
• Mortar & Pestle - are tool used to prepare ingredients or substances by crushing and grinding
them into a fine paste or powder.
• Colander - is a kitchen utensil used to strain foods such as pasta or to rinse vegetables.
• Sauté pan - is a cooking utensil used to sauté foods like vegetable and other ingredients.
• Steamer - a small kitchen appliance used to cook by means of holding the food in a closed vessel
reducing steam escape.
• Serving bowl - is a round dish or container typically used to prepare and serve food.
GREEN VEGETABLES
The green comes from chlorophyll, a color that is affected by both heat and acid. When
a green vegetables is cooked, some acid is released in the steam.
When steam cannot escape, it condenses to water that has the acid in it. Then it falls
back on the food turning it a dull olive-green color.
This is why correct cooking and holding of green vegetables is so important to maintain
the bright green color.
For the same reason, an acid such as lemon juice should never be added to a green
vegetable during cooking.
It is also a mistake to add baking soda to green vegetables. Although this makes the
green color brighter, it destroys vitamins and can cause some vegetables like broccoli, to
feel slippery.
ORANGE AND YELLOW VEGETABLES
By cooking vegetables just in time, for serving, they do not have to be held long and will
have a better quality as well as maintain their temperature.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF VEGETABLES
• Vegetables are classified according to which part of the plant is eaten. Some vegetables fit into more
than one category when several different parts of the plant are edible, e.g. both the roots and leaves of
beetroot can be eaten.
BULBS - Usually grow just below the surface of the ground and produce a fleshy, leafy shoot above
ground. Bulbs usually consist of layers, or clustered segments.
SEEDS - (Legumes) apart from sweet corn, seeds grow in pods which are sometimes eaten along with
the seed.
STEMS - The edible stalks of plants when the stalk is the main part of the vegetable.
Very strong-flavored
onion
leeks
garlic
Strong-flavored
Brussel sprout
Broccoli
Turnips
Mild-flavored
Spinach
Celery
Beets
Green vegetables
Spinach
Celery
Asparagus
Peas
Broccoli
Red vegetables
Beets
Red cabbage
Red pepper
Yellow/orange vegetables
Carrots
Wax beans
Corn
Squash
White vegetables
Onions
Potatoes
Cauliflower
Leeks
Types of Vegetables
Starchy Vegetables
Vegetables/fruits with a high water content
Cucumber – 96% Broccoli – 90%
Nutrients in Vegetables
1. VITAMIN A
Function: promotes the normal growth of bones and teeth, helps maintain the healthy skin tissues and
night visions.
2. VITAMIN B
Function: prevent beriberi, helps the body to use carbohydrates and break down proteins.
3. VITAMIN C
Function: helps the body to form and maintain collagen, helps the body to repair itself and fight
infections.
4. MINERALS
Function: helps the body to build bones, soft tissue and other compounds.
1. Fresh
Desirable Qualities:
a. Crisp
b. Bright color
c. Firm
d. Absence of decay
Storage:
a. Store in refrigerator
b. Eat in 2 to 3 days
c. 2. Canned
Advantages:
a. precooked
b. convenient
Disadvantages:
a. Higher in sodium
Storage:
c. 3. Frozen
Benefits:
a. Partially prepared
c. No sodium added
Storage:
a. Keep frozen
4. Dried
BLANCHING - Vegetables are briefly put into a saucepan of boiling water and the timing
begins immediately.
BOILING - Vegetables are added to a rapidly boiling water and the timing should begin only
when the water returns to the boil.
BRAISING - Vegetables are lightly browned in a little fat and added with a small amount of
liquid to start the cooking process.
POACHING - Vegetables are cooked using less liquid and lower heat to gently cooked more
fragile vegetables.
STEAMING - Vegetables are bring to a boil before placing the cover of a large pot or a
simple steamer basket.
Dry-heat Methods
- This method evaporates moisture in the vegetables quickly, which causes the juices to brown and the
natural sugars to concentrate and become very flavorful.
BROILING - The heat source is above the food, making this a great technique for
blistering the skin for easy peeling and smoky flavor.
GRILLING - The heat source is below the food, and a basting liquid is needed to keep
food moist.
ROASTING - Vegetables are tossed with a light coating of olive oil and sprinkled with salt
place in an oven at 375 degrees temp or lower.
SAUTEING - Vegetables are cooked with a light coating of oil or butter in a pan.
STIR-FRYING - Cooking is similar to sauteing but vegetables are cut into smaller pieces
cooked in a medium to high heat for quick cooking.