CH1 Not Crop

Crop Production and Management
1.Why do we need food?

We need food because it gives us energy, keeps us healthy, and helps us to grow as well as
repair and replace damaged and worn-out tissues.
2. How do plants and animals get their food?

Most plants make their own food through the process of Photosynthesis. Animals feed on
plants or other animals to get energy.
3.Define crop.
When we cultivate a same kind of plants on a large scale at one place, called as ‘Crop’
4.What are the three major types of crops?
5. List the seven agricultural practices followed while growing a crop.

● Preparation of Soil: To loosen and turn the soil.
● Sowing: Planting of seeds of a crop in soil.
● Adding Manure and Fertilisers: Adding essential nutrients to soil for growth and
development of plants.
● Irrigation: Supplying water to plants at regular intervals.
● Protection from Weeds: Removal of unwanted plants from the cultivated field to allow
crops proper access to lights, space, and nutrients.
● Harvesting: Cutting mature crops from fields.
● Storage: Keeping grains or produce safe from rats, insects, microorganisms and
moisture.
6. Write notes on Preparation of Soil or Why do we loosen or turn the soil?

Loosening the soil is important because it:
allows the roots to go deeper into the soil and yet, breathe easily (allowing air to reach the
roots),helps in growth of microbes and earthworms that add humus to the soil and turn and
loosen the soil further, and nutrient-rich soil comes to the top and can be used by plants.
The process used to loosen and turn the soil is called Tilling or Ploughing. After tilling,
Levelling is done in which the big clumps of soil called crumbs are broken (and levelled).
Levelling the field helps in the process of sowing and irrigation.
7.What are the agricultural Implements used for Ploughing and their uses?
. The main tools used for this purpose are the plough, hoe and cultivator.
Plough : This is being used since ancient times for tilling the soil, adding fertilisers to the
crop, removing the weeds, scraping of soil, etc. This implement is made of wood and is
drawn by a pair of bulls or other animals (horses, camels, etc.). It contains a strong triangular
iron strip called ploughshare. The main part of the plough is a long log of wood which is
called a ploughshaft. There is a handle at one end of the shaft. The other end is attached to
a beam which is placed on the bulls’ necks. One pair of bulls and a man can easily operate
the plough .The indigenous wooden plough is increasingly being replaced by iron ploughs
nowadays.
Hoe : It is a simple tool which is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil. It has a
long rod of wood or iron. A strong, broad and bent plate of iron is fixed to one of its ends and
works like a blade. It is pulled by animals
Cultivator : Nowadays ploughing is done by tractor driven cultivator. The use of cultivator
saves labour and time.
Note: draw labelled diagrams. plough, hoe. After writing the answer.
8. How to separate damaged seeds from healthy seeds?

Take a container l filled with water Put the seeds in water. Damaged seeds are hollow and
lighter and thus, float on water. Good and healthy seeds sink in water and settle down.
Please damaged seeds contain less endosperm, due to which they cannot germinate
9. What precautions should be taken while sowing?

While sowing seeds, it is essential to make sure that:
● Seeds are healthy and of high quality.
● They are planted at correct distance from each other so that they can get proper
light, water and nutrients from the soil( avoid over crowding)
● They must be sown deep enough to protect them from animals and birds (which
might eat them) and wind (which might blow them away) but not so deep that they
may not get enough air to germinate.
10. What are the agricultural implements used for sowing the seeds?
A. Traditional tool B. Modern tool-seed drill
The tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is shaped like a funnel. The seeds are filled into
the funnel, passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends.
These ends pierce into the soil and place seeds there.
The seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors. This tool sows the seeds
uniformly at proper distances and depths. It ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after
sowing. This prevents damage caused by birds. Sowing by using a seed drill saves time and
labour.
Note:seed drill diagram should be drawn.
-----&&&&-----
Note : The question and answers sent should be written in the science note book( meant for
all science holiday assignments/ notes sent)

CH1 Not Crop

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Crop Production and Management

1.Why do we need food?

2. How do plants and animals get their food?

4.What are the three major types of crops?

5. List the seven agricultural practices followed while growing a crop.

6. Write notes on Preparation of Soil or Why do we loosen or turn the soil?

8. How to separate damaged seeds from healthy seeds?

9. What precautions should be taken while sowing?

A. Traditional tool B. Modern tool-seed drill

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