Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:TLED 9 :1st Sem- 2020-2021

College: College of Teacher Education

Campus : Bayombong

DEGREE PROGRAM BTLE COURSE NO TLED 9

SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE Agri fishery Arts Part II
YEAR LEVEL 3rd Year TIME FRAME 3hrs WK NO IM NO. 5

I. Chapter 5: Organic Agriculture

II. LESSON TITLE :

1. Introduction to Organic Farming

2. Consideration for Conversion to Organic Agriculture
3. Crop Planning and Management
4. .Plant Propagation
5. Animal Husbandry in Organic Agriculture

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

Agriculture can be defined as the art of growing food crops and cash crops needed by man.
This has passed through a series of phases. Agricultural practices and technologies have grown rapidly
and selection of farming method totally depends on the financial condition of the farmer. The ultimate
aim of all these farming practices is to achieve better and higher yield. Agriculture can be either
sustainable agriculture, industrial agriculture or organic agriculture. In this section, we will discuss
organic farming.
IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOME

1. Explain the Concepts of Organic agriculture.

V. LESSON CONTENT

1. Introduction to Organic Agriculture

Organic agriculture is an integrated production management system which promotes and

enhances agroecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity
(FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2007). It emphasizes the use of natural inputs (i.e.
mineral and products derived from plants) and the renunciation of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
Organic farming is primarily of two types, namely:

1. Pure organic farming

2. Integrated organic farming

Pure organic farming involves avoiding all artificial chemicals. Every fertilizer and pesticide that
are used are derived from completely natural sources such as blood meal or bone meal.
Integrated organic farming involves integrating techniques aimed at achieving ecological
requirements and economic demands such as integrated pest management and nutrients
management.
2.Crop Planning and Management

Nutrients Management in Organic Agriculture

Organic farming follows a healthy way of farming for both crops as well as consumers. In this
method, composted organic manure is used for nutrition of crops and thus, improves the organic
content and fertility of the soil. Apart from manures, bacterial and fungal biofertilizers are also used for
enhancing the soil nutrients.

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 1 of 3
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:TLED 9 :1st Sem- 2020-2021

Weed and Pest Management

Crop rotation, mixed cropping, organic control, hand weeding are the other techniques used in
organic farming to maintain soil fertility and for pest and weed control. These systems of pest and weed
management and soil protection make organic farming the best method. Sometimes, natural or other
organically approved insecticides like neem pesticides are also used.

Disease Management
Diseases can be a major concern for organic farmers as it might reduce crop yields. So,
supplying important macro and micronutrients and adopting crop rotation is crucial to prevent
various plant diseases. Even the soil is enriched with useful microbes, fungi, and bacteria to prevent
harmful organisms in check.
Organic fruits and vegetables are not the only examples of successful organic products.
Recently, dairy products which are organic are noticeable. Livestock is another example of organic
farming. Here, they follow a strict means of farming like animals feed on organic food
only. Hormones or other genetic engineering practices for high yield are not allowed on animals.

Advantages of Organic Farming

 Improves soil fertility and maintain biological diversity.

 Good for the environment and yields are healthy for human and animal consumption.
 Prevents soil erosion, degradation and crop failure.
 Decrease pollution and the whole farming can easily rely on renewable energy sources.
 Improves soil fertility and enhances its chemical and physical properties.
We can thus say that organic farming is a future scope and best method for farmers which is
profitable and rewarding.

3. Consideration for Conversion to Organic Agriculture

Conversion to organic agriculture describes the process of learning and implementation of
changes on the farm towards a more sustainable and natural way of tarming. The form the process
takes depends on the local dircumstances and the predisposition of the tarmer or the community, and
it varies from farm to farm. The more knowledge a farmer has about the concepts and practices of
organic farming, the easier conversion process to organic farming will be. Even if organic farming does
not depend on specific land conditions to start with it soils are depleted for example, it may need
greater efforts and require more patience to establish a sustainable production system and realize
sassfying harvests.There factors to be considered during conversion to organic agriculture and some
recommendations to succeed during the process.
The conversion from a conventional to an organic system requires a transitory period, where
the organic practices are applied progressively following an organized plan. During this period it is
important to analyse carefully the actual situation of the farm and identify the actions to be taken
(Flores, 2003).
The analysis of the tarm must include
1. Farm tharacteristics size, plots and crops distribution, which kind of crops, trees, animals are
integrated in the farm system
2. Soll Analysis an evaluation of the soil stucture, nutrient levels, organic matter content, erosion
level, and/or the soil have been contaminated
3. Climate: rainfall disbution and quantity, temperatures, humidity.
4. Organic mater sources and management (manures)
5. Presence of animal housing systems and/or machinery
6. Limiting factors such as capital, labour, market access, among others.

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 2 of 3
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:TLED 9 :1st Sem- 2020-2021

4. Animal Husbandry in Organic Agriculture

Integrating animal husbandry into crop producing farms is one of the principles of organic
farming. In temperate and arid zones, animal husbandry plays an important role in the recycling of
nutrients, while it is less emphasised in the humid tropics. The caring, training, and nurturing of animals
is considered an art in many farming communities
Integrating animals into a farm help creating a closed or semi-closed system where energy
and nutrients are recycled. Animals can convert non-edible biomass (e.g. grass, straw, kitchen
waste) into food while increasing soil fertility with their manure. Many farm animals have a multi-
functional role, for example, animals:
a. produce dung, which is of great importance for soil fertility;
b. yield products such as milk or eggs for sale or own consumption continuously;
c. ecycle by-products such as straw or kitchen waste;
d. serve as draught animals for tillage or transport;
e. produce meat, hides, feathers, horns, etc.;
f. serve as an investment or a bank;
g. help in pest control (e.g. dugs);
h. help in weed management (e.g. grazing on barren fields);
i. have cultural or religious significance (prestige, ceremonies, etc.); and
j. produce young stock for breeding or sale.
The significance of each role will vary from animal to animal and from farm to farm. It will also
depend on the individual objectives of the farmer.

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1. Read the separate reading materials posted in the google classroom.

VII. ASSIGNMENT: Search from the internet

1. What is organic farming in the Philippines?
2. What is organic agriculture?
3. Is the Philippines still an agricultural country?
4. Differentiate Sustainable Agriculture from Organic Agriculture

VIII. REFERENCES
Introduction to Organic Agriculture (doc-developpement-durable.org)

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 3 of 3