Engineering Meka
Engineering Meka
Engineering Meka
He+ Hw 2 .57+1. 5
B '= = =2. 80 m
√σ √2 .1 --------take 3.0m
Bottom width,
Since, these dimensions are relatively larger than with the same factor of safety, due to stability
analysis
Adopt 1.5 Top width and 3.0 bottom width of weir
7.3.5. Silt gate (under sluice gate)
The under sluice is mainly provided here to remove silt deposition at a result of barrier structure.
Hence the sill level of the under sluice is fixed to facilitate this deposited silt to increase the
efficiency of water abstracting to the main canal through the head regulator from the pocket. The
sill level of this sluice is fixed on minimum bed level. Hence the sill level of the under sluice is
2169.513a.m.s.l. Considering this, the opening size of the gate is 1.0m wide and the plate
thickness shall be 5mm to be operated by spindle gate.
The capacity of the sluice decided based on the maximum of the values of discharge obtained by
twice the intake capacity or the 20% of the design discharge.
50 year design flood: 55.52m3/s →Sluiceway capacity: 0.2 x 55.52 = 11.10m3/s, thus minimum
discharge capacity sluiceway could dispose.
Considering this, the opening size of the gate is 1m*2.0m without spindle operating manually
and rectangular open channel profile of flow of water at the under sluice, the discharge passing
or disposed is analyzed by taking account the following criteria.
Don’t bother for the capacity of under sluice & its scouring, b/c the under sluice is just
like open cannel flow profile
So it conveyance capacity is increase until the height of crest level, after that the width is
changed to additional water way for redaction of afflux height.
During construction, it should be able to pass the prevailing (at least base flow) discharge
of the river.
7.3.6. Upstream and Downstream High Flood Level (HFL) Calculation & Determination
From the stage –discharge curve prepared (Section I, in Hydrology Part) the high flood level
before construction (i.e. D/s HFL) corresponding to the design flood 2171.382 m a.s.l.
D/s HFL=2171.381m a.m.s.l------------------------------------ (a)
U/s HFL = U/s bed level + weir height + Hd------------------ (b)
Hd is the depth of water over the weir/intake crest. This is calculated by assuming broad crested
3
weir/intake formula. Q=C∗L∗H 2
e
The velocity head, ha is computed from the approach velocity as shown below
v
a2
ha =
2g
Where g: acceleration due to gravity = 9.81m/sec2
Va is Approach velocity determined by
Q
V a=
Lxhd
L is Weir crest length = 8m,
hd is flow depth over the weir and also,
hd =H e−ha
He=Hd +Hav
Therefore, Hd =2.412m
Hence Hav= He- Hd
2.57-2.412=0.16m
Total energy, He=2.57m
Overflow depth, Hd = 2.412m
Velocity head, hva = 0.16m
Upstream HFL = Upstream HFL –velocity head
D/s HFL=2171.381m at normal flood level (tail water depth) from stage curve
U/s HFL = U/s bed level + weir height + Hd= 2169.513m + 1.5m + 2.57m= 2173.583m
Upstream HFL = Upstream HFL –velocity head == 2173.583m -0.16m=2173.42m
Afflux
⇒ Afflux =F= U/s HFL- D/s HFL = 2173.42m.a.s.l – 2171.381m.a.s.l =2.10m.
7.3.7. Hydraulic Jump Calculation
As discussed in the geologic report, the river bed material is basalt rock and the river bed is
stable one and hence no more stilling basin is mandatory at downstream one for energy
dissipation. But both left and right side banks are not sound rock, a wing walls are required at
upstream and downstream sides, so as to protect the scouring of the bank due to the formation of
jumps, and not to flow the river out of river bank in high flood cases. The length of stilling basin
is determined based on the depth of Jump, and it is calculated as shown below.
Design information
Average river bed elevation (EL3) = 2169.523m
Downstream water level (ELo)= 2171.381m
Weir crest level = 2171.013m
Weir crest height= 1.5m
Assuming the downstream floor level is equal the river bed level,
Assumed EL1 = EL3=2169.523m
H = Eo = E1
Z = ELO – Assumed EL1= 2171.381m -2169.60m=1.78m
H = He+z = 2.75+1.78=4.35m
Applying Bernoulli’s Equation
dc+ Vc2/2g +H = d1 + V12/2g
For, qc = Q/L=55.52/8=6.94m3/sec/m
But dc = (qc2/g)1/3
dc = (6.942/9.81)1/3 = 1.64m
And Vc = √dcg or Vc = q/dc
⇒Vc = √ 1.64 x 9.81 = 4.01m/sec
V1 = q/d1
∴ dc + Vc2/2g + H = d1 + V12/2g = d1+ (q/d1)2/2g
⇒ 1.64+ 4.012/2*9.81 + 1.5 = d1 + (6.94/d1)2/2x9.81
⇒ 3.95 = d1 + 2.45/d1^2
By trial and error methodsSolving
1.5m
Pw Wm1
1.5==
m3m Wm2
Momentum at Toe
Pu
1.5m
3m
TW=0.5m
W1 WS
H=4.1m
W2
PS1
PS2 W3
1m
Toe
BW=3
TW=0.5m
W1 WS
H=2.10m
W2
PS2
PS2 W3
0.5m
Toe
BW
Moment about
Magnitude of force(t)
Name Arm toe(tm)
No
&Description Vertica length(m)
Horizontal MR(+) MO(-)
l
1 Self weight-W1 22.05 - 1.5 33.075 -
2 Self weight-W2 19.68 - 0.83 16.33 -
3 Self weight-W3 18.37 - 0.87 15.98 -
4 Soil weight-Ws 23.64 - 0.41 9.69
5 Soil pressure-Ps1 -20.28 0.71 -14.39
6 Soil pressure-Ps2 0.75 0.16 0.12 -
Summary 83.74 -19.53 75.075 -14.39
Summation of all Vertical forces, ------------∑Fv=+83.74KN.
Summation of all Horizontal forces, ---------∑FH=-19.53KN.
Summation of all Resisting moment, --------∑MR=+75.075KN-m.
Summation of all Overturning moment, ----∑MO=-14.39KN-m.
Summation of all Moments, ------------------ ∑M=∑MR -∑MO =75.075-14.39=+60.67KN-m.
Summary
ðStability against over turning
∑MR/∑MO ≥1.5, =75.075/14.39=5.22>1.5--------ok.
ðStability against Sliding
∑FH/∑Fv <0.75, =19.4 /88.74=0.23<0.75---------ok
ðStability against over stress
Eccentricity: e = b/2-x, where X = centroidal distance (m)
Bw= Bottom width (m) and a=emax
X=∑M/∑Fv=60.67/83.74=0.72<2/3*Bw=2/3*1.75=1.16---ok
Bw/2=1.75/2=0.87
a=Bw/6=1.75/6=0.29
e=│Bw/2 -X│=│0.87-0.66│=0.21
Since e<a i.e 0.21<0.29-------------------------------ok
ðStability against compression
ɣctoe=[{∑Fv/Bw}/(1+6e/Bw)]=[( 83.74/1.75)/(1+6*0.21/1.75)]=28.48KN/m2.
Since the allowable compressive strength of masonry extends up to 100t/m 2, and the calculated
value is 28.48KN/m2there is no fear of compression.
Water depth
Hyd. Radius
Wetted area
Wetted area
Pipe Length
difference
discharge
discharge
Designed
Assumed
Velocity
Velocity
Specific
Wetted
Station
Slope
Head
km +m Ac Q Vo Qd Ao D A p R V I ΔH d L
No km 2
m /s/
3
m/sec m/3
m 2
m m 2
m m m/s m/m m m m
km2 sec
0+511 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.094 0.1 0.6 0.2 1.8 0.1 0.5 0.000 0.00 0.4 2
7 9 8 8 5 0 6 1 8
0+656 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.064 0.1 0.5 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.5 0.000 0.00 0.4 2
2 3 0 7 3 0 8 2 0
0+686 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.094 0.1 0.6 0.2 1.8 0.1 0.5 0.000 0.00 0.4 2
7 9 8 8 5 0 6 1 8
7.4.4.5. Design of Foot Path
Structure designed to serve as animal and human being crossing on the rectangular lined canal
that have width 2m long with RCC of 10cm thick slab, which is supported by a 30cm masonry
wall of the canal, is. The slope and hydraulic parameters of the box canal under the footpath is
taken as similar to that of the parent canal. The place of the footbridge is therefore, at any
necessary stations indicated. The location of the footpath is at MC1(0+409m), MC(0+575m) and
(0+75057) on main canal.
Structural design
A two-meter long and a (bo+0.6m) wide RCC lies on a 30 cm thick canal wall. The RCC is
reinforced by 8mm steel bar placed at 200mm interval in the tensile zone only.and
10cm concrete
Fb
d b
No. of
Canal Turn Q D=d+fb Lup Ldp
Name outs (lit/sec) (m) B (m) L (m) (m) (m)
TC 1 12 52 0.4 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.6
7.4.4.6. Cattle cross
The structure used as path or road for cattle across main canal without any damage on the canal.
Cattle cross is provided cross at C-7(0+175m), C-41(1+025m), and C-66(1+650m).
Total
Labour
(+20% )
Labour overhead
No Activity Unit Skilled Labor Unskilled Labor cost cost
Out Out
put Salary Cost put Salary Cost
MD/U Birr/U ET.B MD/U Birr/U ET.B ET.B ET.B
Access Road 2160
1 Maintenance km 1 21600 0 21600 25920
2 Site Clearing m2 0.2 40 8 8 9.6
Soil Excavation including
3 disposal m3 2.5 40 100 100 120
4 Soft rock excavation m3 4 40 160 160 192
5 Cart away m 2
0.45 40 18 18 21.6
6 Compacted back fill m3 2 40 80 80 96
7 CIS Walling/Roofing m2 0.3 150 45 0.8 40 32 77 92.4
8 Plastering(1:3) m 2
0.25 150 37.5 0.5 40 20 57.5 69
9 Hard coring(wet) m3 1.2 150 180 2.4 40 96 276 331.2
10 RCC C_15 m3 2 150 300 5 40 200 500 600
11 Concrete (1:2:4) mixing m 3
3 150 450 6 40 240 690 828
12 Concrete (1:3:6) mixing m3 3 150 450 6 40 240 690 828
13 Masonry(1:3) m3 2 150 300 4 40 160 460 552
14 5cm Cement screed m2 0.14 150 21 0.5 40 20 41 49.2
Total Unit Rate (Material,Labor and Transportation costs)
Total
Material Labour
Unit cost cost Total cost
Activities Materials Unit Quantity cost/U (Birr/U) (Birr/U) (Birr/U)
1 2 3 4 5 6=(4x5) 7 8=(6+7)
Access Road Maintenance Soil km 1 0 25920 25920
Site clearing Soil m3 1 0 9.6 9.6
Soil Excavation including
disposal Soil m3 1 0 120 120
Cart away Soil 0 14.625 14.625
Soft rock excavation Rock m 3
1 0 192 192
Compacted back fill Soil m3 1 0 96 96
Cement Quint 1.15 280 322
Masonry(1:3) sand m 3
0.36 287.35 103.446
stone m3 1.37 116.3 159.331
total 584.777 552 1136.777
Cement Quint 3.24 280 907.2
Concrete (1:2:4) sand m3 0.49 287.35 140.8015
Aggregate m3 0.98 423.07 414.6086
total 1462.6101 828 2290.6101
Cement Quint 0.81 280 226.8
Hard coring(wet) sand m3 0.19 287.35 54.5965
stone m3 1.58 116.3 183.754
total 465.1505 331.2 796.3505
Hard coring(Dry) stone m3 1.58 116.3 183.754 331.2 514.954
Plastering with mortar of Cement Quint 0.17 280 47.6
1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat sand m 3
0.039 287.35 11.20665
total 58.80665 69 127.80665
CIS Walling/Roofing G-32 CIS Pcs 0.5 140 70
Nail Kg 0.25 30 7.5
Poles(7cm) Pcs 2 35 70
total 147.5 92.4 239.9
5cm Cement screed Cement Quint 0.25 280 70 49.2 119.2
Fencing(barbed wire
spacing is 0.25m and
wooden pole with Lean
concrete (0.35m dia.x1.8m
high,spacing=every 1.5m) m 1 200 200 0 200
Cover dam dozing and
construction Soil m3 1 250 250 0 250
Off-take gate metal
(0.50x0.50m)5mm thick,
with spindle Dia. 0.30m,
Height=3.8m and double
angle iron 40x40x5mm on
both sides and on off-take
floor, with operation
handle and accessories. Metal Nr. 1 15000 15000 0 15000
Off-take gate metal
(1.2x2.1m) 5mm thick,
with spindle Dia. 0.3m,
Height=5.3m and double
angle iron100x200x5mm
on both sides and on off-
take floor, with operation
handle and accessories. Metal Nr. 1 20000 20000 0 20000
Form Work Wood m2 1 80 80 0 80
Wet Riprap Stone m 3
1 600 600 0 600
Reinforcement bar Metal Kg 1 50 50 0 50
Bill of quantity, specifications and cost estimation
Total
No Types of work Unit Quantity Unit Cost Cost(Birr)
1 Camping and mobilization.
1.1 Mobilization & Demobilization LS 1 50,000.00 50,000.00
1.2 Camp Construction
Living Rooms 2(m x3m)
Store 1( 5m *5m)
Kitchen 1(3m*3m)
Toilet 1(2m*2m) and 3m depth
Guard House 1(2.5m*3m)
Fence 20m* 20m
1.2.1 Site clearance to depth not greater than 20cm m2 200 9.60 1,920.00
1.2.2 Excavations of soil m3 84 120.00 10,080.00
1.2.3 Cart away surplus excavations m3 16.8 14.63 245.70
1.2.4 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 32.5 1,136.78 36,945.25
1.2.5 Hard core(Wet) m2 86 796.35 68,486.14
1.2.6 Concrete mix ratio 1:2:4 m3 8.6 2,290.61 19,699.25
1.2.7 CIS walling (G-32) m2 212.5 239.90 50,978.75
1.2.8 CIS roofing (G-32) m2 102 239.90 24,469.80
Fencing(barbed wire spacing is 0.25m and
wooden pole with Lean concrete (0.35m
1.2.9 dia.x1.8m high, spacing=every 1.5m) m 200 200.00 40,000.00
1.2.10 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 132 127.81 16,870.48
1.2.11 Back filling and compactions m3 28 96.00 2,688.00
Sub total 272,383.37
2 Road
Access Road maintenance cutting to average
2.1. depth of 0.3m, with 6m width above the MC km 2 25,920.00 51,840.00
Field road construction cutting to average depth
2.2 of 0.3m, with 6m width above the SC km 4 25,920.00 103,680.00
Sub total 155,520.00
3 Diversion weir/head work
3.1 Earth work
3.1.1 Cover dam dozing and construction m3 80 250.00 20,000.00
3.1.2 Excavation of soft rock for Temporary diversion m3 50 192.00 9,600.00
3.1.3 Site clearance to depth not greater than 20cm m2 400 9.60 3,840.00
3.1.4 Structural Excavation of soft rock m3 105 192.00 20,160.00
3.1.5 Carting away excavated materials m3 105 14.63 1,535.63
3.2 Weir body
3.2.1 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 238 1,136.78 270,552.93
3.2.2 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 119 127.81 15,208.99
3.3 U/S and D/S stilling basin and cut off
3.3.1 Structural Excavation of soft rock m3 231 192.00 44,304.00
3.3.2 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 276 1,136.78 313,750.45
3.3.3 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 240 127.81 30,673.60
3.3.4 Back fill m3 24 96.00 2,304.00
3.4 Right side wing wall
3.4.1 Structural excavation of soft rock m3 142 192.00 27,264.00
3.4.2 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 189 1,136.78 214,566.66
3.4.3 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 179 127.81 22,934.90
3.4.4 Compacted back fill from excavated soil m3 64.50 96.00 6,192.00
3.5 Left side wing wall
3.5.1 Structural excavation of soft rock m3 94 192.00 18,048.00
3.5.2 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 148 1,136.78 168,356.67
3.5.3 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 114.05 127.81 14,576.35
3.5.4 Compacted back fill from excavated soil m3 31.00 96.00
3.6 Divide wall
3.6.1 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 4 1,136.78 4,547.11
3.6.2 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 16 127.81 2,044.91
3.7 Pipe and Pipe Placing
3.7.1 Excavation of ordinary soil m3 7.68 120.00 921.60
3.7.2 Compaction back fill m3 3.20 96.00 307.20
3.7.3 Hard coring(wet) m3 1.92 796.35 1,528.99
3.7.4 Concrete mix ratio 1:2:4 m3 1.28 2,290.61 2,931.98
Purchasing, transporting, and laying of plain
3.7.5 concrete pipe ∅=30cm pcs 24.00 250.00 6,000.00
3.8 Manhole
3.8.1 Excavation of ordinary soil m3 24.58 120.00 2,949.12
3.8.2 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 4.61 1,136.78 5,238.27
3.8.3 Concrete mix ratio 1:2:4 m3 1.54 2,290.61 3,518.38
3.8.4 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 12.16 127.81 1,554.13
3.8.5 Reinforcement bar 14mm diameter 20cm space
3.8.5.1 Reinforcement bar 14mm diameter Kg 64.00 50.00 3,200.00
3.8.5.2 soft wires Kg 6.40 50.00 320.00
3.9 Gate Fixing
3.9.1 Intake
Off-take gate metal (0.50x0.50m)5mm thick,
with spindle Dia. 0.30m, Height=3.8m and
double angle iron 40x40x5mm on both sides
and on off-take floor, with operation handle and
3.9.1.1 accessories. Nr. 1.00 15,000.00 15,000.00
Reinforcement for operating slab, 12 mm dia.
3.9.1.2 With associated works(ladder) kg 120.00 50.00 6,000.00
3.9.2 Under sluice/Scouring sluice gate
Off-take gate metal (1.2x2.1m) 5mm thick,
with spindle Dia. 0.3m, Height=5.3m and
double angle iron100x200x5mm on both sides
and on off-take floor, with operation handle and
3.9.2.1 accessories. Nr. 1.00 20,000.00 20,000.00
Operating slab 20cm thickness, C20
3.9.2.2 concrete(1:2:4) m3 1.15 -
Reinforcement for operating slab, 12 mm dia.
3.9.2.3 With associated works kg 75.00 50.00 3,750.00
Reinforcing bar, Dia.12mm supply and
3.9.2.4 preparation for Capping at the base kg 45.00 50.00 2,250.00
3.9.2.5 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 5.25 1,136.78 5,968.08
Sub total 1,291,897.94
4 Canals & Related structures
4.1 Lined Main Canal of Length 1000m
Structural excavation of ordinary soil including
4.1.1 disposal m3 960 120.00 115,200.00
4.1.2 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 240 1,136.78 272,826.48
4.1.3 Hard core(wet) m2 330 796.35 262,795.67
4.1.4 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 1900 127.81 242,832.64
4.1.2 Earthen Main Canal of Length 1000m
4.1.2.1 Excavation of ordinary soil m3 400 120.00
Sub total 893,654.78
4.2 Foot path with slab(4No)
Structural excavation of ordinary soil including
4.2.1 disposal m3 4 120.00 480.00
4.2.2 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 3.12 1,136.78 3,546.74
4.2.3 Concrete works of mix ratio 1:2:4 m3 6.40 2,290.61 14,659.90
4.2.4 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 25.60 127.81 3,271.85
Supply, cutting, bending, placing, &any other
4.2.5 fixing of reinforce bar:
4.2.5.1 Reinforcement bar(dia.-Ø8mm) Kg 69.46 50.00 3,473.07
4.2.5.2 -Soft Wire(10% of 4.5) Kg 6.95 50.00 347.31
Sub total 25,778.87
4.3 Pipe Culverts(4No)
Structural excavation of ordinary soil including
4.3.1 disposal m3 20 120.00 2,400.00
4.3.2 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 8 1,136.78 9,094.22
4.3.3 Concrete works of mix ratio 1:2:4 m3 3.20 2,290.61 7,329.95
4.3.4 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 64 127.81 8,179.63
4.3.5 -Reinforcement Iron bar( dia.Ø=10mm) Kg 108.53 50.00 5,426.67
4.3.6 Soft Wire(10%) of Reinforcement Iron bar Kg 10.85 50.00 542.67
4.3.7 Form Work m2 32 80.00 2,560.00
Sub total 35,533.13
4.4 Turn outs(30No)
Structural excavation of ordinary soil including
4.4.1 disposal m3 24.00 120.00 2,880.00
4.4.2 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 36 1,136.78 40,923.97
4.4.3 Hard core(wet) m3 6.00 796.35 4,778.10
4.4.4 Wet Riprap m3 9.00 600.00 5,400.00
4.4.5 Concrete works of mix ratio 1:2:4 m3 3.00 2,290.61 6,871.83
4.4.6 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 120 127.81 15,336.80
4.4.7 Back Fill and Compaction m3 15 96.00 1,440.00
Sub total 77,630.70
4.5 Cattle cross(3No)
Structural excavation of ordinary soil including
4.5.1 disposal m3 18 120.00 2,160.00
4.5.2 Masonry works of mix ratio 1:3 mortar m3 32.00 1,136.78 36,376.86
4.5.3 Concrete works of mix ratio 1:2:4 m3 24.00 2,290.61 54,974.64
4.5.4 Plastering with mortar of 1:3 mix ratio, 3 coat m2 39 127.81 4,984.46
Sub total 98,495.97
4.12 Cattle Trough Structure(2 in number) LS 2 15,000.00 30,000.00
4.13 Washing Basin (2 in number) LS 2 20,000.00 40,000.00
Total ,970,894.76
Vat=15% of total 445,634.21
Grand Total 3,416,528.97