1.

Auto-Cad:-
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design and drafting
software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,
AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop
app running on microcomputers with internal graphics
controllers.  It allows you to draw and edit digital 2D and 3D
designs more quickly and easily than you could by
hand. AutoCAD can be defined as the use of computer systems
to assist in the creation, modification, optimization of a design.
In this, we can create both 2D and 3D drawings used in
construction and manufacturing. It is most commonly used for
creating and modifying 2D & 3D designs for professional
drafting with detail measurement information about the
conceptual design and layout of the product, also available in
14 different languages with respect to location. Users can
customize the CAD software with available add-on apps as per
project requirements. User specialized tool setting can be done
to view and design product in wireframe and surface modelling.
Widely preferred in the industries of mechanical, telecom, civil,
architectural engineering. It stands on demand to students and
industries because of its requirements.

 Reasons for Implementing CAD systems

Before implementing this software, all engineers used drafters
and sheets to draw design a product. It took so much time for a
designer to design a product.
 2. COMMAND LINE:-

Issue:
After starting up AutoCAD, the command line is
missing. AutoCAD also may not accept typed command input.

Causes:
 The command bar is hidden or closed.
 Dynamic input is disabled.
 Command line is open at XY coordinates unavailable on any
monitor.
 The command bar is open but on another monitor, some monitors
are 4K, and not all screen resolutions match.
 Settings migrated from previous release are causing a problem with
the command line's location.

Solution:
1. Use the shortcut CTRL+9 (CMD+3 in AutoCAD for Mac) to
toggle on the command line.

2. Type in the COMMANDLINE command. It may be necessary to

enable Dynamic Input to do this see How to enable or disable
dynamic input in AutoCAD:

3. Right-click on either Dynamic input or Object Snap in the Status

Bar and select Settings.
4. Click the Dynamic Input tab.

5. Select Enable Pointer Input.

6. Select Show command prompting and command input near

the crosshairs. 

7. Click OK. 

COMMAND LINE

3. STATUS BAR:-

The status bar displays the cursor location, drawing tools, and tools
that affect your drawing environment.
The status bar provides quick access to some of the most
commonly used drawing tools. You can toggle settings such as
grid, snap, polar tracking, and object snap. You can also
access additional settings for some of these tools by clicking
their drop down arrows.
Not all tools are displayed by default; you can choose what
tools to display from the Customization menu, the right-most
button on the status bar. The tools displayed on the status bar
might change depending on the current workspace and
whether the Model tab or a layout tab is currently displayed.
You can also toggle some of these settings with the function
keys on your keyboard (F1 - F12).

STATUS BAR

4. RIBBON OF AUTO-CAD
On the command line in AutoCAD, type:

 RIBBON to show/turn on the ribbon on.

 RIBBONCLOSE to hide/turn the ribbon off.
 5. TABS and PANELS:-

Turn on the missing tabs and panels

Right-click anywhere on the ribbon and use the Show Tabs and Show
Panels menus to turn on the desired tabs or panels.

TABS & PANELS

6. ORTHO MODE

The Ortho mode in AutoCAD is used to restrict cursor movement to

specific directions. It allows the cursor movement only in the vertical
and horizontal direction. When we create, modify, or move the
drawings, the ORTHO mode is used to restrict the movement relative
to the UCS (User Coordinate System).

Ortho mode is used when you specify an angle or distance by means

of two points using a pointing device. In Ortho mode, cursor
movement is constrained to the horizontal or vertical direction
relative to the UCS.

ORTHO MODE

7. POLAR CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM

You can use absolute or relative polar coordinates (distance and
angle) to locate points when creating objects.
To use polar coordinates to specify a point, enter a distance and an
angle separated by an angle bracket (<).
By default, angles increase in the counterclockwise direction and
decrease in the clockwise direction. To specify a clockwise direction,
enter a negative value for the angle. For example,
entering 1<315 locates the same point as entering 1<-45. You can
change the angle conventions for the current drawing with the UNITS
command.
 8. DYNAMIC INPUT
Dynamic Input is tooltips command interface in the AutoCAD
drawing area near the cursor. It provides an alternative way to
insert a command, its value and other subsequent change to the
command. If the command is in progress, you can specify the
options and command's value in the tooltip text box.

1. Press the F12 key to toggle Dynamic Input on and off.

2. Change the DYNMODE variable to 1 for on, or 0 for off.
3. Toggle the dynamic input icon in the lower-left or lower-right
corner of the program:

DYNAMIC INPUT
9. POLAR TRACKING
The Polar Mode or Polar Tracking mode in AutoCAD restrict the
cursor movement to certain angles. It displays the polar angles
followed by the alignment paths. The Polar Mode in 3D provides
an additional alignment in the upward and downward direction
other than polar angles.

From the Start tab, click on the large Start Drawing button to
create a new drawing. 3. In the bottom right Status bar, click on
Polar Tracking to switch it on (so it's blue).

POLAR TRACKING
 10. OBJECT SNAP TRACKING
Tracks the cursor along vertical and horizontal alignment paths
from object snap points. Right-click the button to specify the
object snap points from which to track. Object Snap Tracking is
turned on (default).

Object snaps provide a way to specify precise locations on

objects whenever you are prompted for a point within a
command. For example, you can use object snaps to create a line
from the center of a circle to the midpoint of another line. You can
specify an object snap whenever you are prompted for a point.

OBJECT SNAP
 11. LINE PROPERTIES
i)Enter CUI on the command line.
ii)Select your workspace on the left.
iii)Click the Customize Workspace button on the right.
iv)Expand Palettes and select Properties.
v)Change the appearance settings to: Show: Yes. ...
vi)Click the Done button and then click OK.

line properties

12. SELECTION & NEVEGATION

Nevegation: 3D navigation tools allow you to view objects in a
drawing from different angles, heights, and distances. Use the
following 3D tools to orbit, swivel, adjust distance, zoom, and pan
in a 3D view.

Selection: If the selection is active even after pressing the Esc

key once, you can press the Esc key multiple times as well. To
select multiple objects, you can click on them one by one; you
don't need to press and hold the Shift key to make multiple
selections.
 13. UNDO & REDO
UNDO: Use Ctrl (Windows) or ⌘ (Mac) +Z.

REDO: Use Ctrl or ⌘ +Y. Alternatively, you can use Ctrl or ⌘ +

Shift + Z.

UNDO & REDO

14. RECTANGLE
By Area:
i)Click Home tab > Draw panel > Rectangle. Find.
ii)Specify the first corner of the rectangle.
iii)Enter A for Area.
iv)Enter the area.
v)Do one of the following: Enter L to enter the length. The width is
calculated based on the length and the area. Enter W to enter the
width. ...
vi)Enter the value for the length or width.
 15. POLYGON
i)Type POL on the command line and press Enter.
ii)Specify the number of sides. ...
iii)Press Enter.
iv)Specify the center of polygon on the viewport or workspace.
v)Enter I or C for Inscribe and Circumscribe.
vi)Press Enter.
vii)Specify the radius of the polygon.

POLYGON
16. POLYLINE
Specify start point
Sets the starting point for the polyline.
 A temporary plus-shaped marker displays at the first point.

 Pressing Enter starts a new polyline from the last endpoint

specified in creating a polyline, line, or arc.
Specify next point
 If you specify a second point, you create straight segments.

 If you enter a (for Arc), you create arc segments.

 17. ARC
Menu: Draw > Arc. To create an arc, you can specify combinations
of center, endpoint, start point, radius, angle, chord length, and
direction values. Arcs are drawn in a counter clock wise direction
by default. Hold down the Ctrl key as you drag to draw in a
clockwise direction.

18. HATCHING
Here’s how to use the command in a few simple steps:
i)Go to the Draw panel on the Home tab. …
ii)You will see a “Hatch creation” tab. …
iii)Further specify the pattern on the Pattern panel.
iv)Choose your desired method: “Pick Points” or “Select Boundary
Objects”. …
v)After filling the area, hit “Enter” to apply the hatch.
 19. CONSTRUCTION LINE
The construction line is used to create a line of infinite length. It
is used as a reference to create other objects, as shown in the
below image: We can further trim the boundaries according to the
requirements.

CONSTRUCTION LINE
AutoCAD Offset Command:
i)Create a circle with any specified radius. ...
ii)Select the Offset icon on the ribbon panel. ...
Iii)Specify the value of offset distance. ...
iv)Press Enter.
v)Select the object to offset. ...
vi)Move the cursor inside or outside to place the offset object, as
shown in the below

OFFSET
20. FILLET
i)Select the Fillet command from the ribbon panel, as shown below:
Or. Type F on the command line or command prompt and press
Enter.
ii)Select the first object.
iii)Type R or Radius.
iv)Press Enter.
v)Specify the radius of the Fillet and press Enter.
vi)Select the second object.

FILLET
21. CHAMFER
Type CHA or chamfer on the command line or command prompt
and press Enter.

i)Select Chamfer icon from the drop-down list of Fillet, shown

ii)Type D or Distance on the command line.
iii)Press Enter.
22. LINE PLAN 1 PRACTICE
 23. LAYERS IN AUTOCAD

1. SHOW / HIDE LAYERS:

i)Click Home tab Layers panel Layer Properties.
ii)Select the layers you want to turn on or off.
iii)Click the icon in the On column to set the status of the
selected layers. on=off.

2. ISOLATE / UNISOLATE:

Hides or locks all layers except those of the selected objects. All
layers except the layers of the selected objects are either turned off,
frozen in the current layout viewport, or locked, depending on the
current setting. The layers that remain visible and unlocked are
called isolated.

3. FREEZE / UNFREEZE:

Freezes the layer of selected objects. Objects on frozen layers are

invisible. In large drawings, freezing unneeded layers speeds up
operations involving display and regeneration.

4. MATCH PROPERTIES:

To Copy Properties From One Object to Other Objects:

1. Click Home tab > Properties panel > Match Properties. Find.
2. Select the object from which you want to copy properties.
3. If you want to specify which properties are copied, enter s (Settings). ...
4. Select the objects to which you want to copy the properties, and press Enter.
 24. BLOCK
TYPES OF BLOCK:
1. Simple Block.
2. Insert Block.
3. Write Block.
4. Design Block.
5. Tool Block.

STEPS:
1. Draw the objects that you want in the block.
2. Choose Home tab> Block panel> Create to start the BLOCK
command.
3. Type a name in the Name text box.
4. You need to specify a base point.
5. In the Objects section, click the Select Objects button.
6. Just below, choose Retain, Convert to Block, or Delete.
25. PLINTH