స్పోకెన్ ఇంగ్లీష్ కోర్స్1 Spoken English Course1
స్పోకెన్ ఇంగ్లీష్ కోర్స్1 Spoken English Course1
స్పోకెన్ ఇంగ్లీష్ కోర్స్1 Spoken English Course1
(Level - 1)
Ü«∞„~å ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}
=∞Ǩ`å‡QÍOnè W<£ã≤ì@∂º\ò PѶπ WOw¡+π
HõOHõ@áêÖˇO – 522 317.
YARRA SATYANARAYANA
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of English
Kankatapalem - 522 317.
© Publishers
Latest Edition :
MAY - 2015
Cover Design :
Madhulatha Graphics, Vijayawada-2
Printed at :
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VIJAYAWADA-2.
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=ÚO^Œ∞=∂@
Ñ
„ Ѩ O¨ K« ÉèÏ+¨ÅÖ’ POQÆÉ ¡ Ïè +¨ ™ê÷#O L`«¯$+ì̈"∞≥ Oÿ k. Ñ
„ ã ¨ ∞¨ `Î « q^•º
q^è•#OÖ’ WOw¡+π ÉèÏ+¨‰Ωõ ZO`À á„ ê=ÚYº`« =Ù#flk HÍ|\˜ì JO^ŒiH©
WOw¡+π <Õ~∞° ÛHÀ=_»O `«Ñʨ xã¨i J~ÚOk.
WOw¡+π ÉèÏ+¨#∞ <Õ~∞° Û‰Ωõ #flO`« =∂„`å# H˘O`«=∞Ok =∂\Ï¡_Ö» ~Ë ∞° .
HÍ|\˜ì WOw¡+# π ∞ ã¨∞Å∞=ÙQÍ =∂\Ï¡__ » ®xH˜ J#∞=ÙQÍ Z<Àfl ã¨∞Å∞=Ù
q^è•<åÅ`À =∂ '™ÈÊHÔ <£ WOw¡+π HÀ~ü—û #∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå=Ú.
D HÀ~ü# û ∞ g∞~°∞ JÉèºí ã≤OK«_®xH˜ gÅ∞QÍ... 5 Öˇ"Ö≥ Qûò Í qÉèl í OK«_O»
[iyOk. ѨÙã¨HÎ ÍÅ∞ #eyáȉõΩO_® Z‰õΩ¯=HÍÅO =ÙO_» \ÏxH˜ J#∞=ÙQÍ
=∞Oz Ñ ¿ Ѩ~∞° , =∞O^Œ"∞≥ #
ÿ Hõ=~ü`À ~°∂á⁄OkOK«_O» [iyOk.
D Öˇ"Ö≥ ò – 1 Ö’... WOw¡+π <Õ~∞° ÛHÀ=_®xH˜, =∂\Ï¡_\ » ÏxH˜ H˘xfl
á„ ê^äq
Œ ∞Hõ q+¨Ü∂ « Å#∞ W=fi_»O [iyOk. D Öˇ=Öò – 1 g∞‰õΩ WOw¡+π
=∂\Ï¡_\ » ÏxH˜ ѨÙ<åk =O\˜k. HÍ|\˜ì KåÖÏ â„ ^ ◊ QúŒ Í ™ê^è#Œ KÕÜ∂ « eû
LO@∞Ok.
g∞Ö’... ã¨~Ô #· UHÍ„Q`Æ ,« Ѩ@∞ì^ÅŒ =ÙO>Ë D HÀ~üû ^•fi~å g∞~°∞ #∂\˜H˜
#∂~°∞ áêà◊¥§ WOw¡+π ÉÏQÍ <Õ~∞° ÛHÀQÆÅ~°∞, =∂\Ï¡_Q» ÅÆ ~°∞.
XHõ Öˇ"Ö≥ ò ÉÏQÍ ™ê^è# Œ KÕã.≤ .. J~°O÷ KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩx... ÉÏQÍ QÆ∞~°∞OÎ K«∞‰õΩx
~Ô O_À Öˇ"Ö≥ Öò ’H˜ ~å"åe. HõOQÍ~°∞ J=ã¨~O° ÖË^∞Œ . x^•#OQÍ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ
™êQÆO_ç!
– Ѩa¡+¨~ü
q+¨Ü«∞ã¨∂zHõ
=.<≥O. q+¨Ü«∞=Ú ¿Ñr.<≥O.
1. Table of English Alphabet 5
2. LKåÛ~ù }
° #∞ |\˜ì WOw¡+π Ѩ^=
Œ ÚÅ∞ 6
3. Capital Letters "å_»∞@ 10
4. ÉèÏëêÉèÏQÍÅ∞ (Parts of Speech) 11
5. The Verbs („HÜ
˜ ∂
« Ѩ^=
Œ ÚÅ∞) 16
6. H„ Ü
˜ ∂
« qâı+}
¨ =ÚÅ∞ (Adverbs) 66
7. Prepositions (qÉèHí $Îõ ~°÷ Ѩ^=
Œ ÚÅ∞) 84
8. Contractions (ã¨OH˜Ñ
Δ Î¨ ~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ∞) 93
9. Ñ
„ ⨠ßfl"åHõº=ÚÅ x~å‡}=Ú 95
10. Negitive Orders 158
11. Exclamatory Sentences 163
TABLE OF ENGLISH ALPHABET
Print Letters Script Letters
=.<≥O. LKåÛ~°} Capital Letters Small Letters Capital Letters Small Letters
1. Z A a A a
2. a B b B b
3. ã≤ C c C c
4. _ç D d D d
5. W E e E e
6. ZѶπ F f F f
7. l G g G g
8. ÃÇÏKü H h H h
9. S I i I i
10. *ˇ J j J j
11. HÔ K k K k
12. ZÖò L l L l
13. Z"£∞ M m M m
14. Z<£ N n N n
15. X O o O o
16. Ñ≤ P p P p
17. ‰õĺ Q q Q q
18. P~ü R r R r
19. Zãπ S s S s
20. \˜ T t T t
21. Ü«Ú U u U u
22. q V v V v
23. _»|∂¡ º W w W w
24. ZH±û X x X x
25. "≥· Y y Y y
26. [_£ Z z Z z
5 Ü«∞„~å ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}
LKåÛ~ù }° #∞ |\ì̃ WOw¡+π Ѩ^•Å#∞ „"åÜ«Ú@
LKåÛ~ù }° #∞ |\˜ì WOw¡+π Ѩ^•Å#∞ "„ åÜ«Ú@‰õΩ H˘O`« ã¨=∂Kå~°=Ú W=fi|_ç#k. ѨÓiÎQÍ HÍHõáÈ~Ú<å H˘O`«=~°‰Ωõ D Ѩ^uúŒ # POQÆ¡ Ѩ^•Å#∞ K«H¯õ QÍ "„ åÜ«∞=K«∞#Û ∞.
ǨÏÅ∞¡ J,P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X,F B JO Jó
6
dh dha dhi dhee dhu dhoo dhru dhroo dhe dha dai dho dhow dham dhah
}ü,# },}Ï }˜ }© }∞ }∂ }$ }$Ï }ˇ }Ë }ˇÿ }˘,}À }∫ }O }ó
7
n na ni nee nu noo nru nroo ne na nai no now nam nah
Ñπ Ѩ,áê Ñ≤ Ñ‘ Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨Ó Ñ¨$ Ѩ$Ï ÃÑ ¿Ñ ÃÑ· á⁄,áÈ áœ Ñ¨O Ѩó
p pa pi pee pu poo pru proo pe pa pai po pow pam pah
Ѷπ Ѷ¨,á¶ê Ѷ≤ Ѷ‘ Ѷ¨Ù Ѷ¨Ó Ѷ¨$ Ѷ¨$Ï ÃѶ ¿Ñ¶ ÃѶ· á¶⁄,á¶È ᶜ ѶO¨ Ѷó¨
ph pha phi phee phu phoo phru phroo phe pha pai pho phow pham phah
Éò |,ÉÏ a c |∞ |∂ |$ |$Ï Éˇ ÉË Éˇ· ÉÁ,É’ É∫ |O |ó
b ba bi bee bu boo bru broo be ba bai bo bow bam bah
Éèò Éèí,ÉèÏ aè cè Éèí∞ Éèí∂ Éèí$ Éèí$Ï Éèˇ ÉèË Éèˇ· ÉèÁ,Éè’ Éè∫ ÉèOí Éèóí
bh bha bhi bhee bhu bhoo bhru bhroo bhe bha bai bho bhow bham bhah
"£∞ =∞,=∂ q∞ g∞ =Ú =¸ =∞$ =∞$Ï "≥∞ "Õ∞ "≥∞ÿ "≥Ú,"≥∂ =∞ø =∞O =∞ó
m ma mi mee mu moo mru mroo me ma mai mo mtow mam mah
Üü∞ Ü«∞,Ü«∂ ~Ú ~¸ Ü«Ú Ü«¸ Ü«∞$ Ü«∞$Ï Ü≥∞ ÜÕ∞ Ü≥∞ÿ Ü≥Ú,Ü≥∂ Ü«∞ø Ü«∞O Ü«∞ó
y ya yi yee yu yoo yru yroo ye ya yai yo yow yam yah
~ü,éü ~°,~å i s ~°∞ ~°∂ ~°$ ~°$Ï ~Ô ~ˆ ~Ô · ~˘,~À ~“ ~°O ~°ó
r ra ri ree ru roo rru rroo re ra rai ro row ram rah
Öò,àò Å,ÖÏ e b Å∞ Å∂ Å$ Å$Ï Öˇ ÖË Öˇ· ÖÁ,Ö’ Ö∫ ÅO Åó
l la ri ree lu loo lru lroo le la lai lo low lam lah
"£ =,"å q g =Ù =Ó =$ =$Ï "≥ "Õ "≥· "˘,"À "Ò =O =ó
v va vi vee vu voo vru vroo ve va vai vo vow vam vah
âò,ãπ â◊,âß t j â◊√ â◊¥ â◊$ â◊$Ï â‹ âı â‹· âÁ,â’ â∫ â◊O â◊ó
s sa si see su soo sru sroo se sa sai so sow sam sah
+π +¨,ëê +≤ +‘ +¨μ +¨Ø +¨$ +¨$Ï Ã+ ¿+ Ã+· ë⁄,ëÈ ëœ +¨O +¨ó
sh sha shi shee shu shoo shru shroo she sha shai sho show sham shah
ÇπÏ Ç¨Ï,Ǩ Ç≤Ï Ç‘Ï Ç¨ï Ǩ˙ ǨÏ$ ǨÏ$Ï ÃÇÏ ¿ÇÏ ÃÇ·Ï Ç¨Ï∏,Ǩϟ ǨÏ∫ ǨÏO ǨÏó
D H„ O˜ k "åHõº=ÚÅ#∞ Ѩije^•Ì=Ú
1. I lit the lamp. (<Õ#∞ nѨ=Ú#∞ "≥eyOzux)
2. I Wrote a letter Yesterday. (<Õ#∞ x#fl XHõ L`«~ Î =° Ú#∞ „"åã≤ux)
3. The fan is on the table. (>Ë|∞Å∞ g∞^Œ á¶êº#∞ L#flk)
4. He will be free tomorrow. (J`«_∞» ~ ˆ Ѩ٠MÏmQÍ LO\Ï_»∞)
5. I have a nice watch. (<Õ#∞ XHõ K«H¯õ x "åKüx HõeyÜ«Ú<åfl#∞)
6. She had necklace. (P"≥∞ XHõ <≥H Ô ã¡ #π ∞ HõeyÜ«ÚO_≥#∞)
ÃÑ· "åHõº=ÚÖ’x lit, wrote J#∞ Ѩ^=Œ ÚÅ∞ Ѩ#∞Å#∞. is, will be J<Õ
Ѩ^=Œ ÚÅ∞ ã≤`÷ ∞« Å#∞. have, had J#∞ Ѩ^=Œ ÚÅ∞ Hõey Ü«ÚO_»∞@#∞ `≥Å∞ѨÙK∞« #flq.
Hõ#∞Hõ D Ѩ^=Œ ÚÅxflÜ«Ú „H˜Ü∞« ÖË J=Ù`å~Ú.
x~°fiK«#=Ú : Ѩ#∞Å#∞, ã≤`÷ ∞« Å#∞ HõeyÜ«ÚO_»∞@#∞ `≥Å∞Ѩ٠Ѩ^=Œ ÚʼnõΩ
„H˜Ü∞« Å∞ (verbs) Jx ¿Ñ~°∞.
Det : A verb is a word which expresses doing being or having.
K«∂ѨÙ`å~°∞.
LѨÜ∂≥ yOK«∞ ã¨O^Œ~ƒ° =ù ÚÅ∞ :
A. Finite form (ã¨=∂ѨHõ ~°∂Ѩ=Ú) =ÖË
(i) nxx present Indefinite Ö’ (a) I and II and personal
st nd
pronouns `À#∞ (b) III personÖ’x they J#∞ plural pronoun`À#∞ (c) Jxfl
rd
below 20 ......... 20 Uà◊§ HõO>Ë `«‰õΩ¯= below 10 rupees ........ 10~°∂IIÅ Hõ<åfl
below the average ... ã¨~åã¨iH˜ `«‰õΩ¯= `«‰õΩ¯=
below the knee .......... "≥∂HÍe „H˜O^Œ below the table ............ >Ë|∞Öò „H˜O^Œ
below my age .......... <å =Ü«∞ã¨∞֒ѨÙ
15. beneath = „H˜O^Œ, J_»∞QÆ∞#, `«‰õΩ¯=
beneath the waves ........ JÅÅ „H˜O^Œ beneath her coat ... P"≥∞ HÀ@∞ „H˜O^Œ
beneath the cooker .. ‰õΩHõ¯~ü J_»∞QÆ∞# beneath the sand .......... Wã¨∞Hõ „H˜O^Œ
16. Beside = „ѨHõ¯#, `«Ñ≤ÊOz, q<å, Jã¨O|^ŒúOQÍ, ã¨O|O^èŒO ÖˉõΩO_®
beside the well .............. ÉÏq „ѨH¯õ # beside the point .... q+¨Ü«∞O `«Ñ≤ÊOz
beside the fire ............. =∞O@ „ѨH¯õ # beside the conductor HõO_»Hõì~ü „ѨHõ¯#
beside the river ............... #k „ѨH¯õ # beside her sister ..... P"≥∞ K≥e¡ „ѨHõ¯#
beside the park ............ áê~°∞¯ „ѨHõ¯# besdie me ....................... <å „Ñ¨H¯õ #
beside the tree ............. K≥@∞ì „Ñ¨Hõ¯# beside the window ........ H˜\ ˜H© „ѨHõ¯#
17. Besides = (XHõ^•x)`À ÉÏ@∞ in the addition to
besides coffee ............ HÍѶ‘`À ÉÏ@∞ Besides me .................. <å`À ÉÏ@∞
besides Mary .............. "Õ∞s`À ÉÏ@∞ besides parents `«e¡^ŒO„_»∞Å`À ÉÏ@∞
besides that ............... ^•x`À ÉÏ@∞ besides her ................. P"≥∞`À ÉÏ@∞
over her face ......... P"≥∞ =ÚYO g∞^Œ over the table ............ >Ë|∞Öò g∞^Œ∞QÍ
over a brook ......... ÃãÅÜÕ∞~°∞ g∞^Œ∞QÍ over the hour .................. QÆO@ ÃÑ·QÍ
over the gate ............... ˆQ@∞ g∞^Œ∞QÍ over the telephone .... >ˇeá¶È<£ ^•fi~å
over the country ........... ^Õâ◊=∞O`«\Ï over 60 men .......... 60 =∞OkH˜ ÃÑ·QÍ
over the radio ............. ˆ~_çÜ≥∂ ^•fi~å over the price ............... "≥Å QÆ∞iOz
37. Round = K«∞@∂ì, JO`«\Ï
round the Sun ......... ã¨∂~°∞ºx K«∞@∂ì round the village ....... „QÍ=∞O K«∞@∂ì
roud the tree ................. K≥@∞ì K«∞@∂ì round the table ........... >Ë|∞Öò K«∞@∂ì
round the room ............ QÆk JO`«\Ï round the town .......... Ѩ@ì}=∞O`«\Ï
round her neck ...... P"≥∞ "≥∞_» K«∞@∂ì round the shop .......... ëêѨ٠JO`«\Ï
38. Since = #∞O_ç (YzÛ`«"≥∞ÿ# HÍÖÏxfl `≥Å∞Ê#∞)
since when ................. ZѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ç since then .................. JѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ç
since 7.00 A.M. ..... L. 7 QÆO. #∞O_ç since 5 o'clock ....... 5 QÆO@Å #∞O_ç
Since July ..................... AÖˇ· #∞O_ç since Sunday ......... Pk"å~°O #∞O_ç
since my marriage ... <å ÃÑO_ç¡ #∞O_ç since we left school ..... =∞#O ã¨∂¯Å∞
since leaving London ............ ÅO_»<£ q_çz#ѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ç
=^Œe#ѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ç since yesterday ........... x#fl\˜ #∞O_ç
39. Through = QÆ∞O_®, ^•fi~å
through this pipe .... D Q˘@ìO ^•fi~å through the window ....... H˜\ ˜H© ^•fi~å
through Paris .............. áêiãπ QÆ∞O_® through the night .............. ~å„`«O`å
Item No. 6 & 7 : "Noun / Pronoun + is / are + (6) Adverb (7) preposition"
D x~å‡}=Ú 'Uk ÖË^• Z=~°∞ ZHõ¯_» LO_≥<À—— `≥Å∞ѨÙ#∞.
David is here Mary is In the park now
She there He out
We are now where You are inside
They ahead They above
q=~°}: Yes - No type : She is there Is she there?
Wh-type : She is ..... where ? (there) where is she ?
Item No. 8 : "Noun / Pronoun + has / have + noun phrase" D x~å‡}=Ú
''Uq∞ HõeyÜ«ÚO_»∞<À—— `≥Å∞ѨÙ#∞.
He a nice watch I a gold chain
She has some chocolates we have a television
It a few books You some bread
Daniel many pens They many books
q=~°}: Yes - No type : He has a nice watch. Has he a nice watch ?
Wh-type : He has ..... what ? (a nice watch) what has he ?
Item No. 9 : "Noun / Pronoun + do / does + noun phrase" D x~å‡}O
''KÕÜÚ« Ѩxx—— `≥Å∞ѨÙ#∞.
He I
She does the work we do the home work
It You
Mary They
QÆ=∞xHõ : Do ~°∂ѨO XHõ¯>Ë Main Verb QÍ L#fl XHõ ™ê^è•~°} "åHõº=Ú#∞ „Ѩâßfl
"åHõºOQÍ =∂~°Û=Öˇ##fl. P Verb x „H˜Ok q^è=Œ ÚQÍ q_»nã≤ JO^Œe auxiliary verb
x "åHõº=Ú#‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞Oz, "åHõºO z=~° „Ѩâßfl~°Hú õ zǨÏfl=Ú (?) #∞ LOKåe. WÖÏ
=∂iÛ# "åHõº=Ú#‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ `«y# Wh-question wordx LOz# „Ѩâ◊fl =∞iO`«
q=~°OQÍ LO@∞Ok.
q_»nÜ«Ú do ~°∂ѨO q_»nã≤# `«~åfi`« U~°Ê_»¤ (do ~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ∞ )
Main Verb auxiliary Verb Main Verb
do do do
does does do
did did do
Eg : She does the work. Does she do the work? When does she do the
work ?
Item No. 10 : Give her this letter
q=~°} : (You) give her this letter. Do you give her this letter?
QÆ=∞xHõ : Present Indefinite, past Indefinite tenses H˜ K≥Ok# (Main )Verb
XHõ¯ Ѩ^OŒ QÍ<Õ LO@∞Ok. D Verb x q_»nã≤ „H˜Ok q^èOŒ QÍ auxiliary verb, Main
verb Å∞ U~°Ê_»`å~Ú. Main verb x JÖψQ LOz, auxiliary verb 11 x =∂„`«O
"åHõºO =ÚO^Œ∞#‰õΩ KÕiÛ, "åHõºO z=~° „Ѩâßfl~°Hú õ zǨÏflO (?) x LOz# „Ѩâßfl
"åHõºO U~°Ê_»∞`«∞Ok. WÖÏ =∂iÛ# „Ѩâßfl "åHõº=Ú#∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ `«y# wh - question
x LOz# „Ѩâfl◊ =∞iO`« q=~°OQÍ LO@∞Ok.
Verb („H˜Ü∞« ) q_»nã≤# `«~åfi`« U~°Ê_ç# verb ~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ∞
auxiliary Verb Main Verb
Give do give
Gives does give
Gave did give
Eg : (You) give her this letter. Do you give her this letter?
What do you give her ? (this letter). Who do you gtive this letter? (her)
™ÈÊÔH<£ WOw¡+π L-1 98
"åHõº=ÚÅ∞ – ~°H=õ ÚÅ∞
™ê^è•~°}OQÍ POQÆ¡ ã¨OÉèÏ+¨}Ö’ D kQÆ∞= x=fi|_ç# "åHõº=ÚÅ∞ „Ѩ^•è #
áê„`« =Ç≤Ï™êÎ~Ú. Wq P[˝ (order) Å#∞, ã¨∂K«# (suggestion) Å#∞, ã¨ÅǨ (advice)
Å#∞ `≥eÜ«∞KÕ™êÎ~Ú. Alphabetical order Ö’ W=fi|_ç# D "åHõº=ÚÅ#∞ HõO~îã° O÷¨
KÕÜ∞« _»O =Å# verbs Ü≥ÚHõ¯ J~åúÅ`À ÉÏ@∞ "åHõº „ѨÜ∂≥ QÆO J=QÆ`=« ∞=Ù`«∞Ok.
QÆ=∞xHõ : D "åHͺefl g∞~°∞ ‰õΩΔ }‚OQÍ <Õ~∞° ÛH˘x ã¨O^Œ~åƒùxfl |\˜ì ÖË^• ã¨O^Œ~åƒùxfl
HõeÊOK«∞H˘x `«Ñʨ xã¨iQÍ =∂\Ï¡_O» _ç.
ã¨∂K«#Å∞ :
1. You (h=Ù, g∞~°∞) : Z^Œ∞\˜ "åi`À ã¨OÉèÏ+≤OK«∞@‰õΩ LѨÜ∂ ≥ yOKÕ D "åHõº=ÚÅ
=ÚO^Œ∞ J=ã¨~åxfl |\˜ì 'you' J#∞ Ѩ^=Œ Ú#∞ KÕ~Û° =K«∞Û 'you' x KÕ~Û° ‰õΩ#fl#∂ J^Õ
ÉèÏ=O =ã¨∞OÎ k "you both (g∞i^Œ~Ì ∂° )—— J#∞ Ѩ^=Œ ÚÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® KÕ~Û° =K«∞Û.
Eg : Give me your book (h ѨÙã¨H Î Íxfl <åH˜=Ùfi)
you give me your book (h=Ù h ѨÙã¨H Î Íxfl <åH˜=Ùfi)
you both go (g∞i^Œ~ Ì ∂° "≥à§◊ O_ç)
2. Polite form („áê~°< ÷ å ~°∂Ѩ=Ú∞) : D "åHõº=Ú#‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ ÖË^• z=~° "please
(^ŒÜ∞« KÕã)≤ —— J#∞ =∂@#∞ KÕiÛ# polite form U~°Ê_»∞`«∞Ok.
Eg : Please give me your book (^ŒÜ∞« KÕã≤ h ѨÙã¨H Î Íxfl <åH˜=Ùfi)
3. Negative form (=ºuˆ~HÍ~°ú ~°∂Ѩ=Ú∞) :D "åHõº=ÚÅ =ÚO^Œ∞ "Don't (KÕÜ∞«
=^Œ∞)Ì —— =∂@#∞ KÕiÛ# =ºuˆ~HÍ~°=ú Ú xKÕÛ Negative Sentence U~°Ê_»∞`«∞Ok.
Eg : Don't give me your book (h ѨÙã¨H Î Íxfl <å‰õΩ W=fi=^Œ∞)Ì
4. Negative Interrogative form(=ºuˆ~HÍ~°ú „Ѩâßfl~°∂Ѩ=Ú) : D "åHõº=ÚÅ
=ÚO^Œ∞ "Don't you" J#∞ =∂@#∞ KÕiÛ, "åHõºO z=~° „Ѩâßfl~°Hú õ zǨÏflO (?)
LOz`Õ Negative Interrogative form" U~°Ê_»∞`«∞Ok.
Eg : Don't you give me your pen? (h HõÖÏxfl <å‰õΩ W=fi=Ó?)
5. Emphatic form (<˘H˜¯ K≥ÃÑÊ_ç ~°∂Ѩ=Ú) : D "åHõº=ÚÅ =ÚO^Œ∞ "Do" J#∞
Ѩ^=Œ Ú#∞ KÕiÛ# ''QÆ\ Qì˜ Í KÕÜÚ« =Ú—— J<Õ ÉèÏ==Ú =ã¨∞OÎ k.
Eg : Do give me your book (h ѨÙã¨H Î Íxfl <å‰õΩ WK≥ÛÜü∞)
6. Interrogative form („Ѩâßfl~°∂ѨO) : D "åHõº=ÚÅ =ÚO^Œ∞ "Do you" J#∞
=∂@#∞ KÕiÛ, "åHõºO z=~° „Ѩâßfl~°Hú õ zǨÏflO(?) LOz# Interrogative form
U~°Ê_»∞`«∞Ok.
Eg : Don you give me your book ? (h ѨÙã¨H Î Íxfl <å‰õΩ W™êÎ"å?)
Yes, I do (Yes, I give you my book)
No, I don't (No, I don't give you my book)
99 Ü«∞„~å ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}
7. wh-Question form (Wh- „Ѩâßfl ~°∂Ѩ=Ú) : Yes - No „Ѩâßfl ~°∂Ѩ=Ú#‰õΩ
=ÚO^Œ∞ ã¨O^Œ~åƒùxfl |\˜ì `«y# wh- „ѨâßflѨ^=Œ Ú#∞ LOz# wh „Ѩâßfl~°∂Ѩ=Ú
U~°Ê_»∞`«∞Ok.
Eg : When do you give me your book ? (h ѨÙã¨H Î Íxfl ZѨC_»∞ W™êÎ=Ù?)
I give you my book today (D ~ÀA <å ѨÙã¨H Î Íxfl h‰õΩ W™êÎ#∞)
8. Miscelleneous form (W`«~° ~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ∞) D "åHõº=ÚÅ =ÚO^Œ∞ J=ã¨~" ° ∞≥ `ÿ Õ
`«y# ã¨O^Œ~ƒ° =ù ÚÖ’ Never, Let me / him etc., can you, can't you, Do
you, still, to =∞iÜ«Ú Did you (past), Will you (Future), Why don't you
=O\˜ Ѩ^=Œ ÚÅ#∞ LOz ѨÅ∞~°H=õ ÚÅ "åHõº=ÚÅ#∞ xi‡OK«=K«∞Û#∞.
Eg : Never give me your book (h ѨÙã¨H Î Íxfl <å‰õΩ ZѨC_»∞ W=fi=^Œ∞?Ì )
Let her lock the door (P"≥∞#∞ `«Å∞ѨىõΩ `åà◊O "ÕÜ∞« h)
Can you guess the answer? (["å|∞#∞ h=Ù TÇ≤ÏOK«QÅ Æ "å?)
Can't you explain this ? (nxfl q=iOK«Ö" Ë å?)
Do you still adhere to your promise ? (h=Ù h "åQÍÌ<åxH˜ WOHÍ
Hõ@∞ì|_ç LO\Ï"å?)
To type this letter. (D L`«~
Î O° >ˇÑÿ Ù¨ KÕÜ∞« =∞x ÖË^• KÕÜÚ« @‰õΩ)
Did you call her back ? (P"≥∞#∞ "≥#H˜¯ Ñ≤eKå"å?)
Will you buy a new car ? (h=Ù H˘`«H Î Í~°∞#∞ H˘O\Ï"å?)
Why don't you come to my house (<å WO\˜H˜ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ~å=Ù?)
"åHõºx~å‡}=Ú
Step 1 : `≥Å∞QÆ∞ "åHõº=Ú#∞ WOw¡+π Ö’xH˜ `«~∞° =˚ ∂ KÕÜÚ« #ѨÙ_»∞ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ verb x
QÆ∞iÎOz „"åã¨∞HÀ"åe
áÈ™êìÑ㑶 ∞¨ ‰õΩ <å‰õΩ ^•i K«∂Ѩ٠: K«∂Ѩ٠(show)
Step 2 : =º‰õΩÅ Î #∞ QÆ∞iOz `≥e¿Ñ Indirect Object L#flKÀ verb „ѨH¯õ <Õ „"åÜ«∂e
<å‰õΩ (me) : Show me (<å‰õΩ K«∂ѨÙ)
Step 3 : =ã¨∞= Î ÙÅ#∞ QÆ∞iOz `≥e¿Ñ Direct Object L#flKÀ Indirect Object
`«~åfi`« „"åÜ«∂e.
^•i (the way) : Show me the way (<å‰õΩ ^•i K«∂ѨÙ)
Step 4 : Prepositional phrase L#flKÀ ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ "åHõºO z=~° ÖË^• "åHõºOÖ’
`«y# KÀ@ LOKåe.
áÈ™êìÑ㑶 ∞¨ ( to th post office) : Show me the way to the post office (áÈ™êìÑ㑶 ∞¨ ‰õΩ
<å‰õΩ ^•i K«∂ѨÙ)
™ÈÊÔH<£ WOw¡+π L-1 100
J^躌 Ü«∞#O KÕÜ∞« =Åã≤# "åHõº=ÚŠѨ~O° Ѩ~°
Be a man ........................................................................ =∞x+≤ =ÖË LO_»∞
Be a pearl in the ocean of wisdom . q*Ï˝# ã¨=Ú„^ŒOÖ’ XHõ =Ú`«ºOQÍ LO_»∞
Be an angel ..................................................................... ^Õ=`« =Öˇ LO_»∞
Be alert ........................................................................ J„Ѩ=∞`«ÎOQÍ LO_»∞
Be at my house today ................................... D ~ÀA <å WO\˜ =^ŒÌ LO_»∞
Be at peace ..................................................................... âßO`«OQÍ LO_»∞
Be attentive .......................................................................... „â◊^Œú`À LO_»∞
Be back by 6 o’clock ........................................... P~°∞ QÆO@Å HõÖÏ¡ uiy~å
Be brave ............................................................................ ^è≥·~°ºOQÍ LO_»∞
Be calm ........................................................................... xâ◊≈|ÌOQÍ LO_»∞
Be careful ......................................................................... *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ LO_»∞
Be careful as you make your exist down the stairs .... "≥∞@∞¡ ky |Ü«∞@‰õΩ
"≥à◊√§#ѨÙ_»∞ h=Ù *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ LO_»∞
Be careful in future ........................................... Éèíq+¨º`üÖ’ *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ LO_»∞
Be careful not to fall ........................................... Ѩ_»‰õΩO_® *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ LO_»∞
Be careful not to get bitten by a snake ...... áê=ÚKÕ Hõ~°=|_»‰õΩO_® *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ
LO_»∞
Be careful that you don’t fall off the ladder ........ xK≥Û#ÃÑ· #∞O_ç Ѩ_çáȉõΩO_®
*Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ LO_»∞
Be careful, the streets are very slick after the rain ..... *Ï„QÆ`«Î, =~°¬O `«~åfi`«
~À_»∞¡ KåÖÏ *Ï~°∞_»∞QÍ L<åfl~Ú
Be careful what you say ............................... h=Ù Uq∞ K≥|∞`«∞<åfl"À *Ï„QÆ`«Î
Be careful when you are crossing the road .... gkè ^•@∞K«∞#flѨÙ_»∞ *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ
LO_»∞
Be careful with it ..................................................... ^•x`À *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ LO_»∞
Be careful with that glass ..................................... J^ŒÌO`À *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ LO_»∞
Be careful, you will hurt yourself ................................... *Ï„QÆ`«Î HÀã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ=Ù
Be cauteous ................................................................ J„Ѩ=∞`«ÎOQÍ LO_»∞
Be cheerful ...................................................................... LÖÏ¡ã¨OQÍ LO_»∞
Be confident about your ability and success h ™ê=∞~°úºO, q[Ü«∞O QÆ∞iOz
#=∞‡HõO HõeæÜ«ÚO_»∞
Be courteous .......................................................... q#„=Ú_»"≥· Ü«ÚO_»∞=Ú
Be early ....................................................... =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ (ÃÑO^ŒÅHõ_»<Õ) ~°=Ú‡