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Man 800m User
Man 800m User
OPERATING MANUAL
It includes the necessary information for new users as well as advanced subjects for
those who are already familiar with the 800M CNC product.
It may not be necessary to read this whole manual. Consult the list of "New Features and
Modifications".
This manual explains all the functions of the 800M CNC family. Consult the Comparison
Table for the models in order to find the specific ones offered by your CNC.
Chapter 6 "Working with Part-programs" shows how to create parts consisting of Automatic
Operations. The Part-programs are stored in the internal CNC memory and may be sent
out to a peripheral device or PC.
There is also an appendix on error codes which indicates some of the probable reasons
which could cause each one of them.
Notes: The information described in this manual may be subject to variations due to
technical modifications.
Section Page
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 CONCEPTS
ERROR CODES
COMPARISON TABLE
FOR FAGOR 800M
CNC MODELS
AVAILABLE 800M CNC MODELS
800-MG 800-MGI
X, Y axes control l l
Z axis as DRO l l
Controlled Z axis l l
Spindle l l
Tools 99 99
Electronic Handwheels 3 3
RS 232C Communications l l
Clear all arithmetic parameter contents setting Installation Manual Section 3.9
them to "0". Operating Manual Section 3.8&6.9
When interrupting execution, the keys for the Installation Manual Section 3.5.1
spindle, the coolant and for O1, O2, O3 and Operating Manual Section 2.5.1
TOOL are enabled. Operating Manual Section 6.5
Introduction - 1
Introduction - 2
SAFETY CONDITIONS
Read the following safety measures in order to prevent damage to personnel, to this
product and to those products connected to it.
Fagor Automation shall not be held responsible for any physical or material damage
derived from the violation of these basic safety regulations.
Fagor Automation shall not be held responsible for any damage suffered or caused
when installed in other environments (residential or homes).
Ambient conditions
The working temperature must be between +5° C and +45° C (41ºF and 113º F)
The storage temperature must be between -25° C and 70° C. (-13º F and 158º F)
Introduction - 3
Protections of the unit itself
It carries two fast fuses of 3.15 Amp./ 250V. to protect the mains AC input
All the digital inputs and outputs are protected by an external fast fuse (F) of 3.15 Amp./
250V. against a voltage overload (greater than 33Vdc) and against reverse connection
of the power supply.
Safety symbols
Symbols which may appear on the manual
WARNING. symbol
It has an associated text indicating those actions or operations may hurt people
or damage products.
Symbols that may be carried on the product
WARNING. symbol
It has an associated text indicating those actions or operations may hurt people
or damage products.
"Electrical Shock" symbol
It indicates that point may be under electrical voltage
Introduction - 4
MATERIAL RETURNING TERMS
When returning the CNC, pack it in its original package and with its original packaging
material. If not available, pack it as follows:
1.- Get a cardboard box whose three inside dimensions are at least 15 cm (6 inches) larger
than those of the unit. The cardboard being used to make the box must have a resistance
of 170 Kg (375 lb.).
2.- When sending it to a Fagor Automation office for repair, attach a label indicating the
owner of the unit, person to contact, type of unit, serial number, symptom and a brief
description of the problem.
3.- Wrap the unit in a polyethylene roll or similar material to protect it.
4.- Pad the unit inside the cardboard box with poly-utherane foam on all sides.
5.- Seal the cardboard box with packing tape or industrial staples.
Introduction - 5
FAGOR DOCUMENTATION
FOR THE 800M CNC
800M CNC OEM Manual Is directed to the machine builder or person in charge of installing and starting
up the CNC.
800M CNC USER Manual Is directed to the end user or CNC operator.
It contains 2 manuals:
Operating Manual describing how to operate the CNC.
Programming Manual describing how to program the CNC.
DNC 25/30 Software Manual Is directed to people using the optional DNC communications software.
DNC 25/30 Protocol Manual Is directed to people wishing to design their own DNC communications software
to communicate with the 800 without using the DNC25/30 software..
DNC-PLC Manual Is directed to people using the optional communications software: DNC-PLC.
FLOPPY DISK Manual Is directed to people using the Fagor Floppy Disk Unit and it shows how to use
it.
Introduction - 6
MANUAL CONTENTS
Index
Chapter 1 Concepts
Indicates the layout of the keyboard, operator panel and information on the monitor.
Describes the display units and how to modify them
Indicates the reference systems to be set.
How to reference the machine and how to preset coordinates.
How to operate with absolute and incremental coordinates
Error codes.
Introduction - 7
1. CONCEPTS
After powering the 800M CNC, the screen shows the CNC model name and the message:
If the GENERAL TEST was not successful, the CNC will display the detected errors
which must be corrected before operating with the machine.
The CRT of this model is divided into the following areas or display windows:
1.- This window indicates the selected operating mode: DRO, Linear Milling, Inside
Pocket, etc.
It also shows the CNC status during the execution of the automatic operations (in
execution, interrupted or in position).
This window shows the current tool position (X, Y and Z coordinates) and the number
of the tool currently selected.
When an automatic operation is selected, this window shows the position of the axes
on a single line. The rest of the window is used to show a graphic representation of
the selected automatic operation.
* The axis feedrate (F) currently selected and the override percentage (%) being
applied at the time.
* The currently selected (active) spindle speed (S) and the override percentage (%)
being applied at the time.
4.- This area shows the coordinates of the BEGIN point (BEG) and END point.
When an automatic operation is selected, this window shows the definition parameters
of that operation.
When pressing the keystroke sequence: the CRT goes blank. To get
the normal display back, just press any key.
If while the screen is blank, an error occurs at the CNC, the screen will come back
on.
After pressing this key, it is possible to set the X axis coordinate value. Once this
value has been keyed in, press [ENTER] to validate it.
After pressing this key, it is possible to set the Y axis coordinate value. Once this
value has been keyed in, press [ENTER] to validate it.
After pressing this key, it is possible to set the Z axis coordinate value. Once this
value has been keyed in, press [ENTER] to validate it.
After pressing this key, it is possible to set the axis feedrate value. Once this value
has been keyed in, press to validate it.
After pressing this key, it is possible to set the spindle speed value. Once this value
has been keyed in, press [ENTER] to validate it.
After pressing this key, it is possible to define the new tool to be selected. Once this
is done, one may:
* Press [ENTER] for the CNC to store this value without selecting a new tool.
This option is useful when editing operations that will be stored later on.
After pressing this key, it is possible to select the number of the part-program to
be either edited or executed. Once this is done, press [ENTER] to validate the
choice.
Used to recover previously entered data from the part-program memory or CNC
tables, in order to check it or modify it.
Before pressing this key, select the operation or value to be analyzed, by means of
the cursor and up and down arrow keys.
It allows access to the data entry mode for any automatic operation.
To quit this mode, press this key again.
To select the coordinate of the corresponding BEGIN point (BEG) to either modify
it later or command the machine to move to that point.
To select the coordinate of the corresponding END point to either modify it later
or command the machine to move to that point.
When the incremental mode is selected, the right-hand side of the main window
shows the text "INC".
To select the operating mode for the execution of the automatic operation.
Single mode. The selected operation is executed one pass at a time, being necessary
to press before each pass.
Whenever this single mode is selected, the right hand side of the main window
shows the symbol
When an automatic operation or a machining operation has been selected, the CNC
will show the next available option every time this key is pressed.
To access the "Calculator" mode. This option is not available in the current version.
To select the previous and next options when required by the displayed menu and
to perform the machine reference (home) search.
To move from one data field to another in the data entry mode for automatic and
machining operations.
Also, to select the previous and next data in BEG and END functions.
If this reset key is pressed while one of the automatic operations is selected, the
CNC will quit that mode and return to the DRO display mode.
To select the multiplying factor applied by the CNC to the pulses from the
electronic handwheel (1, 10, 100).
JOG To select the distance the axis will move (1, 10, 100, 1000 microns or ten-
thousandths of an inch) when pressing the corresponding key.
3.- Keyboard to control the spindle. It can be started in the desired direction stopped or
change its turning speed between 50% and 120% of the programmed speed with an
incremental step of 5%.
4.- Keyboard for [START] and [STOP] of the programmed movements, automatic
operations and part programs.
With this CNC it is possible to display the position of the axes in either mm or inches.
To change the type of display units, press [AUX] and select the "MM/INCH" option.
Every time this option is selected, the CNC will toggle the display units from mm to inches
and vice versa showing the axis position in the selected units.
To exit the operating mode for auxiliary functions and return to the standard display mode,
press [AUX] or [END].
It is also possible to establish another origin point for programming the part dimensions,
Part Zero. This new origin point is chosen freely by the operator and the position values
shown by the CNC are referred to this point.
Bear in mind that to select the Part Zero, the CNC must be working in absolute coordinates.
If in the incremental mode, message "INC" on the right-hand side of the main window,
press the key.
The Part Zero stays selected even when the CNC is off and it will be lost when a new Part
Zero is selected or when the Machine Reference Zero (home) is searched.
* Press the key corresponding to the axis to be homed [X], [Y], [Z] and then the up arrow
key.
* The editing window will request confirmation of the command. Press the k e y
for the CNC to perform the home search on that axis.
If the home search is not desired, press any other key. To cancel the home search once
in progress, press [CLEAR]
When doing a home search, the CNC initializes the displays of the axis and it cancels the
Part Zero that was selected.
* Press the key corresponding to the axis to be preset [X], [Y], [Z] and then [ENTER].
The CNC will request confirmation of the command, press [ENTER] again.
Every time this operation is done, the CNC assumes that point as the new coordinate
origin.
Also, this type of preset may be used when it is more convenient to work from coordinate
value towards zero instead of doing it from one coordinate value to the next, as usual.
* Press the key corresponding to the axis to be preset [X] [Y] [Z].
* Press [ENTER]. The CNC will request confirmation of the command, press [ENTER]
again.
The CNC assumes that preset value as the new position value (coordinate) for that
axis.
Every time a preset is done, the CNC assumes a new Part Zero which will be located at
a distance from the preset point equal to the preset value.
In order to work in the incremental mode, it is necessary that the coordinate values
displayed by the CNC be incremental, "INC" message on the right-hand side of the main
window. If this message is not being displayed, press
Atention:
Every time the incremental mode is selected, the CNC takes as Floating Zero
the Part Zero point currently active. Therefore, it will keep showing the same
X, Y, Z position values.
To set another Floating Zero, another coordinate or Par Zero must be preset. From that
moment on, the coordinates shown by the CNC will be referred to the new Floating Zero
established.
The CNC keeps the Part Zero preset when working in absolute mode and it will display
the X, Y, Z position referred to it when switching back from incremental to absolute mode.
Also, the Operator Panel has a multi-position switch which allows modifying the
feedrate during those moves by applying the selected percentage (%) override to the
feedrate selected in each case. This percentage amount is indicated by the Feedrate
Override Switch (FEED) and it has a range from 0% through 120% of the set feedrate.
* Press [F]
The CNC assumes this value and it displays it on the screen. It also displays the
percentage of the feedrate override currently selected by the FEED switch. For example:
F120 100%.
Atention:
When the CNC displays a value of "F0000", it applies the maximum
feedrate set by the corresponding machine parameter for each axis.
The CNC assumes all the offset values corresponding to the new selected tool.
These offset values (tool length and radius) will be taken into account by the
CNC when performing any operation from this moment on.
Once the tool change has been completed, press [ENTER]. The CNC will turn
the coolant back on, the spindle will recover its turning direction and speed and
the CNC will resume the execution of the part or cycle.
Once the axis feedrate has been preset and the feedrate override (0% through 120%)
has been selected at the operator panel switch (FEED), press the JOG key corresponding
to the desired axis and its jogging direction.
Depending on the value assigned to machine parameter P12, this movement will be
carried out as follows:
* If P12=Y, the axis will move while the selected JOG key is kept pressed.
* If P12=N, the axes will start moving when the JOG key is pressed and it will
stop when either the key or the JOG key for another axis is pressed. In this latter
case, the other axis will start moving.
If while an axis is being jogged, the key is pressed, the CNC will apply the %
override indicated by the table below:
% selected 0 2 4 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
% applied 0 102 104 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 200 200
This % override will be maintained as long as this key is kept pressed and it will
recover the previous feedrate percentage (0% through 120%) when releasing this
key.
The positions available at this switch are 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000, which indicate
the number of units to be moved. These units are those used in the display format.
Example:
After selecting the desired switch position, every time the jog key is pressed, the
axis will move the indicated amount and in the chosen direction.
To do this, first select any of the positions at the FEED switch of the Operator
Panel which correspond to the electronic handwheel.
The available positions are 1, 10 and 100 which indicate the multiplying factor to be
applied to the pulses coming from the electronic handwheel.
This way, and after applying this factor, the desired distance units are obtained for
axis jog. These units correspond to the display units being used.
These points may be re-defined as often as desired and may be used to set the ends
of the part, the boundaries (limits) of a particular machining area, etc.
The X, Y and Z values of that point must be set one by one following these steps:
1. Press the key of the axis to be set [X], [Y] or [Z]. The CNC will highlight this
field.
2. Assign the desired value to this field by following one of these two methods:
* By keying in the desired postion value for this field and pressing [ENTER]
or...
* By moving the axes of the machine to the desired point by means of the
mechanical or electronic handwheels or by using the JOG keys on the operator
panel and then pressing [ENTER].
The CNC only modifies the position value (coordinate) of the selected axis leaving
the values of the other axes intact.
To select another field, either press the key of the axis to be set [X], [Y] or [Z]
or use the keys.
* Press [BEG] to move to the beginning point or [END] to move to the end point.
* Press
The CNC moves the Z axis first and then the X and Y together to position the tool
at the selected point. These movements are carried out at the programmed feedrate.
* Press [BEG] to move to the beginning point or [END] to move to the end point.
* Press
The CNC will automatically move the tool to the selected point along that axis and
at the programmed feedrate. The other axes will not move.
Also, the next field will appear selected in case another movement is to be made.
To select another field, one may press the corresponding axis key [X], [Y] or [Z] or
use the keys.
It is possible to set a value between S0 and S9999 rev/min. However, the maximum
turning speed is set by the manufacturer as indicated in the instruction book of the
machine. The CNC will apply this manufacturer-set value whenever a higher speed
is selected by the operator.
Once the new speed is selected, the CNC will act as follows:
* When the spindle is already turning, the CNC will output the analog voltage
corresponding to the new selected speed.
If the selected RPM correspond to another gear range, the CNC will generate a
range change before outputting the new analog voltage.
* When the spindle is stopped, the CNC will store the selected value in order to
provide its corresponding analog voltage when starting the spindle.
If the new selected RPM correspond to another gear range, the CNC will generate
a range change.
The set spindle speed may be varied between 50% and 120% in incremental steps of
5% by means of the keys located on the operator panel.
When the new selected spindle speed "S" involves a gear change, the CNC will manage
the electrical cabinet to carry out this change without the intervention of the operator.
When the spindle is turning, a new speed may be selected or change the current
speed by means of the following keys:
Every time this key is pressed, the CNC increases the spindle speed by 5%.
The maximum being 120% of the programmed speed.
It must be borne in mind that the maximum speed is limited by the value
assigned to the range currently selected.
Every time this key is pressed, the CNC decreases the spindle speed by 5%.
The minimum being 50% of the programmed speed.
To turn the spindle counter-clockwise once the spindle speed has been selected,
press
When the spindle is turning, a new speed may be selected or change the current
speed by means of the following keys:
Every time this key is pressed, the CNC increases the spindle speed by 5%.
The maximum being 120% of the programmed speed.
It must be borne in mind that the maximum speed is limited by the value
assigned to the range currently selected.
Every time this key is pressed, the CNC decreases the spindle speed by 5%.
The minimum being 50% of the programmed speed.
The CNC stores the "S" speed which was selected before stopping and the spindle
resumes this speed when pressing the or key.
These devices may be activated or deactivated at any time unless indicated otherwise
by the machine manufacturer.
Every time one of these keys is pressed, the status of the corresponding device will
toggle (activated/deactivated).
To access this option, press the [AUX] once the CNC is in DRO mode.
Then, the CNC will display a list of options. To select one of then, press the key for
its corresponding number.
The operator may access all the shown options except the one referred to as
"AUXILIARY MODES". When selecting this option, the CNC requests a password
or access code for entering the various tables and modes available to the manufacturer.
To quit any of these options and return to the standard display, press [END].
The axis feedrate (F) will also be shown in the new selected units.
It must be borne in mind that the values stored for BEGIN and END and the data for
special operations have no units. Therefore, the values will remain the same when
toggling from mm to inches or vice versa.
When not working with tool length compensation, the CNC displays the position
value (coordinate) of the tool base.
When working with tool length compensation, the CNC displays either the tool tip
position or that of the tool base depending on the setting of machine parameter P626(1).
The right-hand side of the main window shows the symbol whenever tool
length compensation is active.
Once the tool offset table is selected, the operator may move the cursor one line at
a time by using the up and down arrow keys.
Each tool offset has several fields which define the dimensions of the tool. These
fields are the following:
R Tool radius.
It is given in the currently active work units. Its maximum value being:
The CNC will take this "R" value into account when applying tool radius
compensation.
L Tool length
It is given in the currently active work units. Its maximum value being:
The CNC will take this "L" value into account when applying tool length
compensation.
It is given in the currently active work units. Its maximum values being:
The CNC will add this value to the nominal "R" to calculate the real radius (R+I).
It is given in the currently active work units. Its maximum values being:
The CNC will add this value to the nominal "L" to calculate the real length (L+K).
This CNC offers the option for "TOOL CALIBRATION" which is described next.
Once they have been calibrated, the CNC assigns to each tool offset the dimensions
of the corresponding tool.
To modify the table values of a tool, ("R", "L", "I" and "K" values), select the
corresponding offset at the CNC by keying the desired tool number and then pressing
[RECALL].
The editing area will show the current values assigned to that tool offset.
To change these values, move the cursor by means of the up and down arrow keys
until it is placed over the current value. The new values must be keyed in over the
current ones.
Once the new values have been keyed in, press [ENTER] so that they are stored in
memory.
To quit this mode, move the cursor to the right until it is out of the edited area and
then press [END].
The CNC shows a graphic at a lower right-hand side of the monitor used as a user
guide during tool calibration highlighting the data being requested at the time.
1.- The CNC requests the Z dimension of the part (contact point) being used to
calibrate the tool.
2.- The CNC requests the number of the tool (T) to be calibrated.
3.- Jog the axes by means of the mechanical or electronic handwheels or by using
the JOG keys of the operator panel until the tool touches the part along the Z
axis.
Then press [ENTER]. The CNC will calibrate the tool in length and will update
the corresponding tool offset.
The CNC will request a new tool to be calibrated. Repeat steps 2 and 3 as often as
necessary.
Press [END] to quit this mode and return to the standard display mode.
Atention:
While calibrating a tool, it is possible to use, at any time, the electronic
handwheels, the JOG keys and the spindle of the operator panel.
The top line shows the message "AUTOMATIC", the program number (P99996)
and the number of the first block of the program or that of the block being in execution.
Then, the CRT shows the contents of the first program blocks. If the program is
being executed, the first block of the list will be the one being executed at the time.
The position values along X, Y and Z indicate the programmed values (COMMAND),
the current position (ACTUAL) and the distance remaining (TO GO) for the axes to
reach the "command" position.
The bottom of the screen shows the machining conditions currently selected. The
programmed feedrate F, the % F override, the programmed spindle speed S, the %S
override, the programmed Tool as well as the active G and M functions.
To execute program P99996, press . It always starts executing from the first
block.
To interrupt the program, press . Once interrupted, the following keys are
enabled:
b) Press [TOOL]
At this time, the CNC executes the miscellaneous function M05 to stop the spindle
and it displays the following message on the screen:
c) Move the tool to the desired position by using the JOG keys.
Once the tool is "out of the way", the spindle may be started and stopped again
by its corresponding keys at the Operator Panel.
The CNC will execute an M03 or M04 function to start the spindle in the direction
it was turning when the program was interrupted.
RETURN
AXES OUT OF POSITION
"Axes out of position" means that they are not at the position where the program
was interrupted.
e) Jog the axes to the program interruption position by means the corresponding
jog keys. The CNC will not allow to move them passed (overtravel) this position.
RETURN
AXES OUT OF POSITION
NONE
The top line of the screen shows the selected operating mode: "Automatic" or "Single
Block".
Once the desired execution mode has been selected, press to run the
program.
To reset the CNC, interrupt the program if running and simply press
The CNC will request confirmation of this function by blinking the message:
"RESET?".
Atention:
Bear in mind that P99996 always starts executing from the first block of
the program, regardless of the blocks currently displayed on the screen.
[0] STANDARD
[1] ACTUAL POSITION
[2] FOLLOWING ERROR
[3] ARITHMETIC PARAMETER
It is the mode described before. When accessing the "Execution of program P99996"
option, the CNC selects this display mode.
This mode shows a group of 8 arithmetic parameters. To view the previous and
following ones, use these keys:
The value of each parameter may be expressed in one of the following formats:
Where "E-2" means 10-2 (1/100). Therefore, the two types of notation for the
same parameter below have the same value:
The lower left-hand side of the screen shows the plane being represented (XY, YZ
or YZ) or three-dimensional XYZ.
[0] XY Plane
[1] XZ Plane
[2] YZ Plane
[3] Three-dimensional XYZ
This CNC can show up the graphics on up to 3 planes. Therefore, it will only show
the selected ones. To select other planes, proceed as follows:
Press and the CNC will ask whether each one of the possible planes is
to be selected or not.
Once the planes have been defined, the display area must be set by indicating
the XYZ coordinates of the center of the screen and the width of the display
area. After keying in each value, press [ENTER].
To check the part, press . This will start the corresponding graphic simulation.
While simulating, it is possible to access any other plane (keys: 0, 1, 2 and 3) but it is
not possible to set them. To set other planes or modify the display area, it is necessary
to interrupt the simulation of the program by pressing .
Press [CLEAR] to clear the screen, and [END] to quit the simulation mode.
Once the drawing plane to be enlarged or reduced has been selected, press [Z]. The
screen will show a rectangle over the original drawing. This rectangle is the zoom
window which represents the new display area for the part to be enlarged or reduced.
To set the area selected with the zoom window as the new display area, press [ENTER]
To see the selected area enlarged or reduced while keeping the previous display area
values, press
The area contained in the zoom window will now fill out the whole screen.
To return to the previous display area (prior to the zoom), press [END].
To use the zoom again, just press [Z] and proceed as before.
To quit the ZOOM function and return to the graphic representation, press [END].
1 - SPECIAL MODES
2 - PERIPHERALS
3 - LOCK / UNLOCK
When selecting the "Special Modes" option, the CNC will request the password (access
code) described in the installation manual.
After accessing one of these modes and operate with it, press [END] to quit. At this
point, the CNC will show this menu again. Press [END] once more to return to the
standard display mode.
Atention:
The part-programs cannot be edited at the peripheral device or computer.
The CRT will show the message: "RECEIVING" or "SENDING" during the program
transfer and the message: "PROGRAM NUM. P23256 (for example) RECEIVED"
or "SENT" when the transmission is completed.
Atention:
Any operating mode may be selected at the CNC.
To access this mode, press [AUX] and after selecting "Auxiliary Modes", press the
key corresponding to the "LOCK/UNLOCK" option.
[P] F000 [ENTER] Erases the contents of all arithmetic parameters (data
of the automatic operations) and sets them to "0".
To select this option, press [AUX] and after selecting "Auxiliary Modes", press the
key corresponding to "EXECUTION OF PROGRAM P99996".
If the program is currently being edited, the CNC shows a group of program blocks
(lines).
Use the to display the display the previous and following lines.
1.- If the program line number appearing at the bottom of the screen is not the desired
one, clear it by pressing [CL] and key in the desired line number.
2.- Key in all the pertinent data for that line and press [ENTER].
However, since some function keys are missing (G, M, I, K, etc.), an assisted
editor is also available.
To access it, press [AUX]. After analyzing the syntax of what has been edited so
far, the CNC will display, one by one, all the functions which can be edited at
the time.
1.- If the program line number appearing at the bottom of the screen is not the desired
one, clear it by pressing [CL] and key in the desired line number.
2.- Press [RECALL]. The bottom of the screen of the CNC, editing area, will show
the contents of that line.
a) Use the [CL] key to delete characters and edit it as described above.
b) Use the keys to position the cursor over the section to be modified
and use the [CL] key to delete characters or [INC/ABS] to insert data.
Key in all the desired data and press [INC/ABS]. If the syntax of the new
line is correct, the CNC will display it without blinking and, if not, it will
show it blinking until it is edited correctly.
4.- Once the line has been modified, press [ENTER]. The CNC will assume it
replacing the previous one.
1.- If the program line number appearing at the bottom of the screen is not the desired
one, clear it by pressing [CL] and key in the desired line number.
2.- Press [DATA] and the CNC will delete it from memory.
This CNC has a series of keys to access each one of its automatic operations.
"Linear Milling"
"Circular Milling"
"Profiling"
"Inside Pocket"
"Corner Roughing"
"Surface Milling"
* At the bottom of the screen, the data corresponding to the selected automatic
operation.
The CNC will highlight the first data on the graphic as well as in the data editing area.
To assign the desired value to that data, key it in and press [ENTER]. The CNC
assumes the new value and highlights the next data.
Once all the data has been defined, press [DATA] to quit the data entry mode.
To find out how to define and associate a machining operation, refer to the chapter
on "Machining Operations".
To quit the automatic operation, press [END]. The CNC all store all the set data and
it will show them again when selecting this operation.
Before machining as corresponds to the automatic operation, the CNC will first move
the tool to the set safety position "Z SAF".
When the Z axis is a DRO axis (not controlled by the CNC) and it is below the "Z
SAF" coordinate, the CNC will instruct the operator, by issuing a message, that the
Z axis must be moved to this safety point. Then, the key must be pressed to
resume execution.
If the operation involves several machining tasks, the CNC will position the tool at
the "Z SAF" point before going on to the next one.
The help screens show, to the right of the cycle defining data, the "M" functions
selected for each cycle.
The top "M" indicates the one executed before the cycle and the bottom "M" the one
executed after the cycle.
If any of them shows "M--", it means that no "M" function has been associated
To select the "M" function to be executed before the cycle, proceed as follows:
To select the "M" function to be executed after the cycle, proceed as follows:
Atention:
When storing an automatic operation, the CNC stores the selected "M"
functions together with the data and parameters defining the automatic
operation.
This way, every time a previously stored part is executed, the CNC
executes each operation with the machining conditions previously set
for it.
On power-up or after RESET, the CNC initializes all the cycles (not the
ones stored) setting the associated "M" functions to "M--" (no associated
"M" function).
The CNC assumes that this value is to be used when later executing the
automatic operation now being edited. Therefore, it does not change the
actual spindle speed.
The CNC changes the actual spindle speed to the new one just set.
It also assumes the new value as the spindle speed to be used when later
executing the automatic operation now being edited.
To change the turning direction press [3]. The CNC will show the new turning
direction but it will not change the actual turning direction of the spindle.
To select the machining tool press [T] and, after keying in the desired tool
number, press [ENTER].
The CNC assumes this new tool number as the one to be used with the automatic
operation now being edited. Therefore, it maintains the actual tool number
shown in the main window.
Atention:
When storing an automatic operation into memory, the CNC stores all
these machining conditions, except the override %, together with the data
and parameters defining the automatic operation.
This way, every time a previously programmed part is executed, the CNC
will execute each one of the automatic operations with the machining
conditions set for it.
The lower left-hand side of the screen shows the plane being represented (XY, YZ
or YZ) or three-dimensional XYZ.
[0] XY Plane
[1] XZ Plane
[2] YZ Plane
[3] Three-dimensional XYZ
This CNC can show up the graphics on up to 3 planes. Therefore, it will only show
the selected ones. To select other planes, proceed as follows:
Press and the CNC will ask whether each one of the possible planes is
to be selected or not.
Once the planes have been defined, the display area must be set by indicating
the XYZ coordinates of the center of the screen and the width of the display
area. After keying in each value, press [ENTER].
To check the part, press . This will start the corresponding graphic simulation.
While simulating, it is possible to access any other plane (keys: 0, 1, 2 and 3) but it
is not possible to set them. To set other planes or modify the display area, it is necessary
to interrupt the simulation of the program by pressing .
Press [CLEAR] to clear the screen, and [END] to quit the simulation mode.
Once the drawing plane to be enlarged or reduced has been selected, press [Z]. The
screen will show a rectangle over the original drawing. This rectangle is the zoom
window which represents the new display area for the part to be enlarged or reduced.
To set the area selected with the zoom window as the new display area, press [ENTER]
To see the selected area enlarged or reduced while keeping the previous display area
values, press
The area contained in the zoom window will now fill out the whole screen.
To return to the previous display area (prior to the zoom), press [END].
To use the zoom again, just press [Z] and proceed as before.
To quit the ZOOM function and return to the graphic representation, press [END].
Whenever the "single block" mode is selected, the right-hand side of the screen shows
the symbol
To unselect this mode and return to the continuous execution mode, press
again.
The CNC assumes the F, S, T machining values as well as the spindle turning direction
chosen and it executes the automatic operation in the following steps:
1.- If the operation has been programmed with a new tool, the CNC will request it
to be selected.
Once the tool has been changed, press to resume the execution of the
operation.
2.- The CNC will start the spindle at the selected S and rotating direction.
3.- The tool will position at the pre-established safety point "Z SAF".
5.- The tool will withdraw up to the safety position "Z SAF".
It is possible to inspect and change the tool, if necessary, during the execution of an
automatic operation.
b) Press [TOOL]
At this time, the CNC executes the miscellaneous function M05 to stop the spindle
and it displays the following message on the screen:
c) Move the tool to the desired position by using the JOG keys.
Once the tool is "out of the way", the spindle may be started and stopped again
by its corresponding keys at the Operator Panel.
The CNC will execute an M03 or M04 function to start the spindle in the direction
it was turning when the program was interrupted.
RETURN
AXES OUT OF POSITION
"Axes out of position" means that they are not at the position where the program
was interrupted.
e) Jog the axes to the program interruption position by means the corresponding
jog keys. The CNC will not allow to move them passed (overtravel) this position.
RETURN
AXES OUT OF POSITION
NONE
* Point-to-point positioning. To be used when the points are located at random (with
no specific pattern) on the surface of the part.
When the Z axis is controlled by the CNC (not a DRO axis), it will be possible to
associate an automatic machining operation to the positioning patterns as described
later on in the chapter on "Machining Operations". These machining operations are:
Drilling
Tapping
Reaming - Boring
Center punching
This way, it will be possible to tap holes that follow a straight line, drill holes that
following an arc (or bolt-hole pattern), etc.
If the positioning has no machining operation associated with it, the CNC will ask
the operator to act on the Z axis after each positioning move.
Next, each one of the possible positioning choices is described as well as the data
required to define them.
* jogging the axes to the desired point using the mechanical or electronic handwheels
or the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing [ENTER].
When using less than 8 points, the coordinate values for the first unused point must
be the same as those of the last used point.
Example:
The first point "X1 Y1" must always be defined. This can be done by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point using the mechanical or electronic handwheels
or the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing [ENTER].
1.- Set the length "L" and angle "A" of the path.
In this case, one must set either the number of points (N) or the step between
consecutive points (I).
2.- Set the last point, "Xn Yn", by positioning the machine at that point and pressing
[ENTER] or by keying it at the keyboard and pressing [ENTER].
In this case, one must set "L0" and the number of points or the steps between
consecutive points (I).
3.- Set the "N", "I" and "A" values (number of points, steps between points and
path angle respectively).
Programming example:
The center of the arc, "Xc Yc", must always be defined. This can be done by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point using the mechanical or electronic handwheels
or the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing [ENTER].
To set the first point either one of the following methods must be used:
1.- Define the radius "R" and the angle "A" of the first point.
The angle "A" of the first point is referred to the X axis and it is given in degrees
(signed or unsigned). Negative value when clockwise and positive when counter-
clockwise.
2.- Set the first point, "X1 Y1", by either positioning the machine at that point or by
keying its coordinates in, and then pressing [ENTER].
The number of points (N) and the angular step between consecutive points (B) must
always be defined.
The angular step "B" is given in degrees signed or unsigned and it indicates the
stepping direction. Clockwise for negative B and counter-clockwise for positive B.
To make a complete circle, program B0. The positioning movements will be made
counter-clockwise.
The first point "X1 Y1" must always be defined. This can be done by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point using the mechanical or electronic handwheels
or the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing [ENTER].
"B" Angle of the ordinate path with respect to the abscissa path.
To make both paths parallel to the X and Y axes, set: A=0 and B=90.
To describe the paths long the X and Y axes, the following options may be used:
1.- Define the length of the path, "LX" "LY", and the number of points on it, "NX"
"NY".
2.- Define the length of the path, "LX" "LY" and the step between consecutive points
"IX" "IY".
3.- Define the step between points "IX" "IY" and the number of points of the path
"NX" "NY".
The first point "X1 Y1" must always be defined. This can be done by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point using the mechanical or electronic handwheels
or the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing [ENTER].
"B" Angle of the ordinate path with respect to the abscissa path.
To make both paths parallel to the X and Y axes, set: A=0 and B=90.
To describe the paths long the X and Y axes, the following options may be used:
1.- Define the length of the path, "LX" "LY", and the number of points on it, "NX"
"NY".
2.- Define the length of the path, "LX" "LY" and the step between consecutive points
"IX" "IY".
3.- Define the step between points "IX" "IY" and the number of points of the path
"NX" "NY".
* Linear milling
* Circular Milling
* Profiling
Prior to milling, the Z axis will move to the "Z SAF" position. If the Z axis is a DRO
axis (not controlled by the CNC), the corresponding message will be issued.
Then, the tool will position at the programmed milling depth "Z". The CNC permits
setting the feedrate override % for this movement.
When the milling operation is done, the Z axis moves to the "Z SAF" position. If the
Z axis is a DRO axis (not controlled by the CNC), the corresponding message will
be issued.
The first point "X1 Y1" must always be defined. This can be done by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point using the mechanical or electronic handwheels
or the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing [ENTER].
1.- Set the length "L" and angle "A" of the path.
2.- Set the last point, "X2 Y2", (either by moving the machine or entering the
coordinates at the keyboard). In this case, one must set: "L0"
The milling operation may be performed either with or without tool radius
compensation. To do this, press [T] and select one of the options below using the
keys
-b- With left-hand tool radius compensation. The part stays to the right of the tool.
-c- With right-hand tool radius compensation. The part stays to the left of the tool.
To set the milling depth, indicate the "Z" value (by moving the machine or by entering
the value at the keyboard) and the Feedrate override % to be applied.
The first point "X1 Y1" and last point "X2 Y2" must always be defined. This can be
done by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point using the mechanical or electronic handwheels
or the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing [ENTER].
The path must be defined by indicating the radius "R" and the moving direction "P".
After pressing [P], press the corresponding key [1], [2], [3] or [4].
The milling operation may be performed either with or without tool radius
compensation. To do this, press [T] and select one of the options below using the
keys
-b- With left-hand tool radius compensation. The part stays to the right of the tool.
-c- With right-hand tool radius compensation. The part stays to the left of the tool.
To set the milling depth, indicate the "Z" value (by moving the machine or by entering
the value at the keyboard) and the Feedrate override % to be applied.
* To define the milling depth, indicate the "Z" value (by moving the machine
or entering it at the keyboard) and the Feedrate override % to be applied.
The milling operation may be performed either with or without tool radius
compensation. To do this, press [T] and select one of the options below using the
keys
-b- With left-hand tool radius compensation. The part stays to the right of the tool.
-c- With right-hand tool radius compensation. The part stays to the left of the tool.
When the CNC runs into an indicator, it assumes that there are no more
sections. Therefore, it takes the previous section as the last one of the profile.
Straight section
The union between this section and the next one must also be defined.
Set "r" to blend them with a radius and, to chamfer the joint, set the "C" distance
from it (XY point).
Curve d section
On a curved section, indicator, the XY end point, the radius "R" and the
moving direction "P" must be defined.
To set the moving direction, press [P] followed by the corresponding key: [1],
[2], [3] or [4].
When the section being defined is tangent to the previous one, R must be "0"
(R=0).
Once the defined sections have been executed, the tool will position at the exit
point "END".
This "END" point must always be defined. To do this, either move the axes to
this point and press [ENTER] or key in its coordinate values and press [ENTER].
In order to obtain a good finish, the exit may be tangential. To use this, define
its radius "r" on the last section of the profile.
ZSAF=2
BEG X=70 Y=20
Z=-10 %F(Z)=50
X1 =80 Y1 =20
r =3
Profile
X2 =80 Y2 =0 X3 =50 Y3 =0
r =5 r =5
C =0 C =0
X4 =20 Y4 =0 X5 =0 Y5 =20
R =15 P =4 R =20 P =3
r =5 r =5
X8 =80 Y8 =20
r =3
ZSAF=2
BEG X=0 Y=-10
Z=-10 %F(Z)=50
X1 =0 Y1 =0
r =3
Profile
X4 =23 Y4 =-28.45 X5 =0 Y5 =0
R =0 P =3 R =0 P =1
r =0 r =3
X6 = Y6 =
r =
C =
Since this CNC offers 2 inside pockets and 2 outside pockets, use the key to
select the desired one.
Before making the pocket, the Z axis will move to the safety position "Z SAF". If
the Z axis is a DRO axis (not controlled by the CNC) and it is located before this
safety position, the corresponding message will be issued.
Next, each one of the possible pockets are described as well as the data required to
define them.
* jogging the axes to the desired point with the mechanical or electronic
handwheels or with the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing
[ENTER].
"L" Defines the length of the pocket. The sign indicates the machining direction.
For a pocket with rounded corners set "C0" and assign the rounding radius
value to "r".
"G" Defines the sweeping step in the XY plane. The whole pocket is milled in
identical steps which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
When programming a value of "0", the CNC will assume a value equal to
0.75 times the tool diameter.
"%F" Indicates the percentage of feedrate used for the finishing pass.
If set to 0, the feedrate for the finishing pass will be the same as the one
used for the roughing passes.
"I" Defines the milling pass. The CNC runs identical passes for the whole pocket
which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
"%F (Z)" Indicates the percentage of feedrate used for the Z axis (penetration).
3.- First penetration move at %F(Z) of the currently selected feedrate "F".
4.- Milling of the surface of the pocket at the currently selected feedrate "F".
The finishing pass will be run at %F of the currently selected feedrate "F".
In order to obtain a good finish on the sides of the pocket, the CNC applies
tangential entry and exit on the last pass.
5.- The tool positions at the center of the pocket withdrawing to 1mm off the machined
surface.
6.- New milling surfaces until the total depth of the pocket is reached following
steps 3, 4 and 5.
"Xc Yc" Indicates the center of the pocket. It can be defined by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point with the mechanical or electronic
handwheels or with the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing
[ENTER].
"R" Defines the radius of the pocket. The sign indicates the machining direction.
"G" Defines the sweeping step in the XY plane. The whole pocket is milled in
identical steps which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
When programming a value of "0", the CNC will assume a value equal to
0.75 times the tool diameter.
If set to 0, the feedrate for the finishing pass will be the same as the one
used for the roughing passes.
"I" Defines the milling pass. The CNC runs identical passes for the whole pocket
which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
"%F (Z)" Indicates the percentage of feedrate used for the Z axis (penetration).
Basic operation:
3.- First penetration move at %F(Z) of the currently selected feedrate "F".
4.- Milling of the surface of the pocket at the currently selected feedrate "F".
The finishing pass will be run at %F of the currently selected feedrate "F".
In order to obtain a good finish on the sides of the pocket, the CNC applies
tangential entry and exit on the last pass.
5.- The tool positions at the center of the pocket withdrawing to 1mm off the machined
surface.
6.- New milling surfaces until the total depth of the pocket is reached following
steps 3, 4 and 5.
* jogging the axes to the desired point with the mechanical or electronic
handwheels or with the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing
[ENTER].
"L" Defines the length of the pocket. The sign indicates the machining direction.
For a pocket with rounded corners set "C0" and assign the rounding radius
value to "r".
"G" Defines the sweeping step in the XY plane. The whole pocket is milled in
identical steps which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
When programming a value of "0", the CNC will assume a value equal to
0.75 times the tool diameter.
"%F" Indicates the percentage of feedrate used for the finishing pass.
If set to 0, the feedrate for the finishing pass will be the same as the one
used for the roughing passes.
"I" Defines the milling pass. The CNC runs identical passes for the whole pocket
which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
"%F (Z)" Indicates the percentage of feedrate used for the Z axis (penetration).
2.- First penetration move at %F(Z) of the currently selected feedrate "F".
3.- Milling of the outside surface of the pocket at the currently selected feedrate
"F".
The finishing pass will be run at %F of the currently selected feedrate "F".
In order to obtain a good finish on the sides of the pocket, the CNC applies
tangential entry and exit on the last pass.
4.- The tool positions at the starting point of the pocket withdrawing to 1mm off the
machined surface.
5.- New outside milling surfaces until the total depth of the pocket is reached following
steps 2, 3 and 4.
"Xc Yc" Indicates the center of the pocket. It can be defined by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point with the mechanical or electronic
handwheels or with the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing
[ENTER].
"R" Defines the radius of the pocket. The sign indicates the machining direction.
"G" Defines the sweeping step in the XY plane. The whole pocket is milled in
identical steps which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
When programming a value of "0", the CNC will assume a value equal to
0.75 times the tool diameter.
"Q" Defines the excess material to be removed along the X and Y axes.
"%F" Indicates the percentage of feedrate used for the finishing pass.
If set to 0, the feedrate for the finishing pass will be the same as the one
used for the roughing passes.
"I" Defines the milling pass. The CNC runs identical passes for the whole pocket
which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
"%F (Z)" Indicates the percentage of feedrate used for the Z axis (penetration).
Basic operation:
1.- The tool moves to the safety position "Z SAF".
2.- First penetration move at %F(Z) of the currently selected feedrate "F".
3.- Milling of the outside surface of the pocket at the currently selected feedrate
"F".
The finishing pass will be run at %F of the currently selected feedrate "F".
In order to obtain a good finish on the sides of the pocket, the CNC applies
tangential entry and exit on the last pass.
4.- The tool positions at the starting point of the pocket withdrawing to 1mm off the
machined surface.
5.- New outside milling surfaces until the total depth of the pocket is reached following
steps 2, 3 and 4.
Machining direction
"X1 Y1"Indicates the inside coordinates of the corner referred to Part Zero. It can
be defined by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point with the mechanical or electronic
handwheels or with the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing
[ENTER].
For a rounded corner set "C0" and assign the rounding radius value to "r".
For a chamfered corner, set "r0" and assign to "C" the chamfer distance
from the theoretical corner.
The "r" and "C" values must be smaller than those of "L" and "H".
"G" Defines the sweeping step in the XY plane. The whole corner is milled out
in identical steps which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
When programming a value of "0", the CNC will assume a value equal to
0.75 times the tool diameter.
"%F" Indicates the percentage of feedrate used for the finishing pass.
If set to 0, the feedrate for the finishing pass will be the same as the one
used for the roughing passes.
"I" Defines the milling pass. The CNC runs identical passes for the whole corner
which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
"%F (Z)" Indicates the percentage of feedrate used for the Z axis (penetration).
Basic operation:
3.- First penetration move at %F(Z) of the currently selected feedrate "F".
The finishing pass will be run at %F of the currently selected feedrate "F".
Since this CNC offers 4 different types of surface milling, the key must be
used to select the desired one.
Bidirectional along X
Unidirectional along X
Bidirectional along Y
Once the desired surface milling type has been chosen, all the data must be defined.
"X1 Y1"Indicates the corner of the surface to be milled. It can be defined by:
* jogging the axes to the desired point with the mechanical or electronic
handwheels or with the JOG keys of the operator panel and then pressing
[ENTER].
"L", "H" Define the length and width of the surface to be milled.
If programmed with a 0 value, the CNC will assume a value 0.75 times the
tool diameter.
"E" Defines the amount the tool runs off each side of the part in order to achieve
a good finish on its corners.
"I" Defines the milling pass. The CNC assumes the same pass for the whole
surface which will be equal or smaller than the one programmed.
Basic operation:
1.- The tool positions at the safety point "Z SAF".
2.- Moves to a point located at an "E" distance from the corner, X1 Y1.
3.- First penetration and milling of the surface at the selected feedrate "F".
In order to obtain a good finish at the corners, the tool overshoots an "E" distance
off each side.
4.- The tool moves to the point located at an "E" distance of the corner, X1 Y1,
retracting 1mm from the machined surface.
5.- New milling surfaces until the programmed depth is reached following steps 3
and 4.
* Center punching
* Drilling
* Tapping
* Boring / Reaming
Each one of these operations may be executed when operating in "DRO Mode" or may be
associated to any automatic positioning operations.
When operating in "DRO Mode", the axes must be moved to the point where the
machining will take place and proceed as follows:
* Select and define the automatic positioning operation (point-to-point, in a straight line,
in arc, in a rectangular pattern or in a grid pattern).
* The CNC associates the machining operation to the automatic positioning in such a
way that it is possible to define "Positioning in a straight line + Drilling", "Positioning
in an arc + Reaming", etc.
* A graphic representation of the selected automatic operation in the main display area.
* The data pertinent to the selected operation at the bottom of the screen..
For the machining data to be assumed by the CNC and it returns to the automatic
positioning operation. The machining operation is associated to the positioning
operation.
The CNC highlights the first data on the graphic representation and in the data
editing area.
Key in the desired value for that data and press [ENTER]. The CNC assumes
the new value and highlights the next data.
Once all the data has been set, press [DATA] to quit the data entry mode.
The CNC takes the machining data and returns to the automatic positioning
operation. The machining operation is associated to the positioning operation.
The help screens show, to the right of the operation defining data, the "M" functions
selected for each operation.
The top "M" indicates the one executed before the operation and the bottom "M" the
one executed after the operation.
If any of them shows "M--", it means that no "M" function has been associated
To select the "M" function to be executed before the operation, proceed as follows:
To select the "M" function to be executed after the operation, proceed as follows:
Atention:
When storing an automatic operation, the CNC stores the selected "M"
functions together with the data and parameters defining the automatic
operation.
This way, every time a previously stored part is executed, the CNC
executes each operation with the machining conditions previously set
for it.
On power-up or after RESET, the CNC initializes all the operations (not
the ones stored) setting the associated "M" functions to "M--" (no
associated "M" function).
To define the amount of penetration of the center punch into the part, one of the following
methods must be used:
* Set the angle "A" of the punch and the diameter of the point to make.
Basic operation:
X1 = 20 Y1 = 10
L = 50 A = 25
N =6
Z SAF = 1
Z =0
P = 1.5
K =0
Basic operation:
4.- New drilling move (peck), "I" distance and at feedrate "F".
X1 = 20 Y1 = 10
L = 50 A = 25
N =6
Z SAF = 1
Definition of "Drilling":
Z = 0
P = 12
I = 5
K = 1
Basic operation
1.- Tap in all the way to the bottom at 100 % of the selected feedrate "F" (it cannot be
overridden).
2.- If "K" has not be programmed, the spindle changes its rotating direction.
3.- Withdrawal up to the safety position "Z SAF" at the programmed "F".
4.- If "K" has not been programmed, reverses the spindle rotation again, thus recovering
its initial rotating direction.
X1 = 20 Y1 = 10
L = 50 A = 25
N =6
Z SAF = 1
Definition of "Tapping"
Z =0
P = 12
K =1
Basic operation:
3.- Withdrawal to the safety position "Z SAF" at the programmed "F".
Boring example
Xc = 70 Yc = 20
R = 40 A = -15
N =8 B = 30
Z SAF = 1
Definition of "Boring":
Z =0
P = 12
K =1
Reaming example
X1 = 20 Y1 = 10
A =0 B = 90
LX = 90 NX = 4
LY = 40 NY = 3
Z SAF = 1
Definition of "Reaming":
Z =0
P = 12
K =1
The upper right-hand side of the screen will show a directory of up to 7 part-programs
of the 10 that may be stored, always numbered with 5 digits and comprised between
"00000" and "99995". To see the rest, use
The dashes indicate that there is no part-program. The symbols displayed to the right
of the corresponding part number mean the following:
. Press the digits of the number to be assigned and then press [ENTER]. If after
pressing this key, this number keeps blinking, it means that this number has already
been assigned to another part.
. If [CLEAR] is pressed, the selected line will return to its previous number if it
had one.
To quit the part-program table, position the cursor over "EXIT" and press [ENTER].
Each part may consist of up to 20 basic operations. However, the upper right-hand
side of the screen will show a set of 7 operations.
Whenever a part-program is accessed, the cursor appears at its first free position.
The free positions are indicated by means of the "?" character and the occupied
positions indicate the type of operation that has been
edited in them. Although the profiles are treated as a
single operations, they occupy two positions.
PART 01346 Each one of these operations will have been previously
1 - RECT.POCK edited by the operator in the "AUTOMATIC" mode
2 - CIRC.POCK (CYCLE) and in the manner described in the chapter
about "AUTOMATIC OPERATIONS".
3 - ARCPO+DRI
4 - ROUNDBOSS To select one of these operations, position the cursor
5- ? over it by using the keys.
6- ? To quit the part-program option, position the cursor over
7- ? "EXIT" and press [ENTER].
EXIT To return to the part-program directory (previous menu),
press the key until the cursor is positioned over
"PART 01346" and, then, press the key once more
Each operation will be edited as any normal operation and in the manner described
in the section about "AUTOMATIC OPERATIONS".
Once defined, the operation may be simulated or executed to check that it works
properly.
To store the operation as part-program, position the cursor over the operation number
to be assigned to it and press [ENTER].
The CNC requests confirmation of the command. The following cases are possible:
Once the command to store in memory is confirmed, the CNC will include the
new operation in the indicated position and the operation listing will be updated.
When the CNC requests confirmation of this command, it asks whether it is desired
to:
The new operation will occupy the selected position and the previous
operation will disappear. The rest of the operations will keep their original
positions.
The new operation will occupy the selected position and the one which
was there before as well as the following ones (including the free ones)
will be shifted back one position.
Atention:
When editing several operations of a part-program, it is recommended
to start from operation "1" and use consecutive positions.
[0] XY Plane
[1] XZ Plane
[2] YZ Plane
[3] Three-dimensional XYZ
This CNC can show up the graphics on up to 3 planes. Therefore, it will only show
the selected ones. To select other planes, proceed as follows:
Press and the CNC will ask whether each one of the possible planes is
to be selected or not.
Once the planes have been defined, the display area must be set by indicating
the XYZ coordinates of the center of the screen and the width of the display
area. After keying in each value, press [ENTER].
While simulating, it is possible to access any other plane (keys: 0, 1, 2 and 3) but it is
not possible to set them. To set other planes or modify the display area, it is necessary
to interrupt the simulation of the program by pressing .
Press [CLEAR] to clear the screen, and [END] to quit the simulation mode.
Once the drawing plane to be enlarged or reduced has been selected, press [Z]. The
screen will show a rectangle over the original drawing. This rectangle is the zoom
window which represents the new display area for the part to be enlarged or reduced.
To set the area selected with the zoom window as the new display area, press [ENTER]
To see the selected area enlarged or reduced while keeping the previous display area
values, press
The area contained in the zoom window will now fill out the whole screen.
To return to the previous display area (prior to the zoom), press [END].
To use the zoom again, just press [Z] and proceed as before.
To quit the ZOOM function and return to the graphic representation, press [END].
Atention:
It must be borne in mind that the CNC always executes what is defined in
the editing area, bottom of the screen. Therefore, the cursor must be positioned
over the part's header (PART 01346) before pressing
If when pressing the cursor is positioned over an automatic
operation, the CNC only executes that operation.
The CNC recovers all the values that the operation was stored with and it shows
them at the bottom of the screen.
b) Press [TOOL]
At this time, the CNC executes the miscellaneous function M05 to stop the spindle
and it displays the following message on the screen:
c) Move the tool to the desired position by using the JOG keys.
Once the tool is "out of the way", the spindle may be started and stopped again
by its corresponding keys at the Operator Panel.
The CNC will execute an M03 or M04 function to start the spindle in the direction
it was turning when the program was interrupted.
RETURN
AXES OUT OF POSITION
"Axes out of position" means that they are not at the position where the program
was interrupted.
e) Jog the axes to the program interruption position by means the corresponding
jog keys. The CNC will not allow to move them passed (overtravel) this position.
RETURN
AXES OUT OF POSITION
NONE
The CNC recovers all the values stored with that operation and it displays them
at the bottom of the screen.
From this moment, the operation may be modified as any normal operation and
in the manner described in the section about "AUTOMATIC OPERATIONS".
Once all the modifications have been made, it is possible to simulate or execute
the operation to verify that it works properly before storing it in memory.
Once [ENTER] has been pressed, the CNC requests the confirmation of the
command. Press [ENTER] again to confirm it (replace option).
When deleting an operation, the CNC compresses the part-program shifting all
the following operations one position forward.
To insert a new operation, follow the same procedure as for editing a part-program.
Once the operation has been defined, position the cursor over the operation number
to be assigned to it and press [ENTER] to store it in memory.
The CNC requests confirmation of the command. Press [1] to insert this new one
or [ENTER] to replace the current (old) one.
To copy an already existing operation into another position, move the cursor over
the operation to be copied and press [RECALL].
The CNC recovers all the values stored with that operation and it displays them
at the bottom of the screen.
Then, select the operation number where it is to be copied and press [ENTER].
The CNC will request confirmation of the command.
Select the desired part-program on the part-program directory and press [CLEAR]
or select the desired part-program, position the cursor over its header (PART01435)
and press [CLEAR]. In either case, the CNC will request confirmation of the command.
Atention:
The part-programs cannot be edited at the peripheral device or computer.
The CRT will show the message: "RECEIVING" or "SENDING" during the program
transfer and the message: "PROGRAM NUM. P23256 (for example) RECEIVED"
or "SENT" when the transmission is completed.
To access this mode, press [AUX] and after selecting "Auxiliary Modes", press the
key corresponding to the "LOCK/UNLOCK" option.
[P] F000 [ENTER] Erases the contents of all arithmetic parameters (data
of the automatic operations) and sets them to "0".
* When while BACKGROUND editing, the program in execution calls a subroutine located in the program
being edited or in a later program.
The order in which the part-programs are stored in memory are shown in the part-program directory. If during
the execution of a program, a new one is edited, this new one will be placed at the end of the list.
* When a negative value has been assigned to a function which does not accept the "-" sign.
014 A block has been programmed which is incorrect either by itself or in relation with the program history up to
that instant.
015 Functions G20, G21, G22, G23, G24, G25, G26, G27, G28, G29, G30, G31, G32, G50, G52, G53, G54, G55,
G56, G57, G58, G59, G72, G73, G74, G92 and G93 must be programmed alone in a block.
016 The called subroutine or block does not exist or the block searched by means of special function F17 does not
exist.
018 Error in blocks where the points are defined by means of angle-angle or angle-coordinate.
019 This error is issued in the following cases:
- After defining G20, G21, G22 or G23, the number of the subroutine it refers to is missing.
- The "N" character has not been programmed after function G25, G26, G27, G28 or G29.
020 The axes of the circular interpolation are not programmed correctly.
021 There is no block at the address defined by the parameter assigned to F18, F19, F20, F21, F22.
025 Error in a definition block or subroutine call, or when defining either conditional or unconditional jumps.
- Memory overflow.
027 I/J/K has not been defined for a circular interpolation or thread.
028 An attempt has been made to select a tool offset at the tool table or a non-existent external tool (the number of
tools is set by machine parameter).
This error is often issued when programming an F value in mm/min (inch/min) and, then, switching to work in
mm/rev (inch/rev) without changing the F value.
Example: Being the X axis position X-5000, if we want to move it to point X5000, the CNC will issue error
33 when programming the block N10 X5000 since the programmed move will be:
5000 - (-5000) = 10000 mm.
In order to make this move without issuing this error, it must be carried out in two stages as indicated
below:
It must be borne in mind that if G72 is applied only to one axis, this axis must be positioned at part zero (0 value)
at the time the scaling factor is applied.
- A block has been programmed which contains a jump to itself. Example: N120 G25 N120.
040 The programmed arc does not go through the defined end point (tolerance 0.01mm) or there is no arc that goes
through the points defined by G08 or G09.
041 This error is issued when programming a tangential entry as in the following cases:
- There is no room to perform the tangential entry. A clearance of twice the rounding radius or greater is
required.
- If the tangential entry is to be applied to an arc (G02, G03), The tangential entry must be defined in a linear
block.
042 This error is issued when programming a tangential exit as in the following cases:
- There is no room to perform the tangential exit. A clearance of twice the rounding radius or greater is required.
- If the tangential exit is to be applied to an arc (G02, G03), The tangential exit must be defined in a linear block.
047 A zero movement has been programmed during radius compensation or corner rounding.
049 Chamfer programmed incorrectly in a rectangular pocket or corner roughing operation in such way that:
050 Functions M06, M22, M23, M24, M25 must be programmed alone in a block.
051 * A tool change cannot be performed without being in the change position.
054 There is no tape in the cassette reader or the reader head cover is open.
059 Communication error between the CNC and the cassette reader.
060 Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
The memory contents will be kept for 10 more days (with the CNC off) from the moment this error occurs. The
whole battery module located on the back must be replaced. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
Atention:
Due to danger of explosion or combustion, do not try to recharge the battery, do not expose
it to temperatures higher than 100°C (232°F) and do not short the battery leads.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would
force the machine to go beyond limits.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would
force the machine to go beyond limits.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would
force the machine to go beyond limits.
080 This error occurs when using a tool smaller than the machining pass "G" in a rectangular/circular pocket or in
a corner roughing operation.
081 This error occurs when the tool radius is greater than "(L/2)-E" or "H/2)-E".
083 This error occurs when programming "r>0" or "C>0" in a rectangular pocket or corner roughing operation.
084 This error occurs when programming a tool radius greater than "R-E" in a circular pocket.
085 This error occurs when using a 0-radius tool (tool offset) having programmed "G=0" (machining pass) in a
rectangular/circular pocket or in a corner roughing operation.
086 This error occurs when assigning an incorrect value to an automatic operation or to a machining operation:
087 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
088 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
This error comes up when it is mandatory to search home on all axes after power-up. This requirement is set
by machine parameter.
090 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
091 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
092 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
093 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
095 This error occurs when the tool radius is larger than the rounding radius "r" in a rectangular pocket or corner
roughing operation.
100 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
101 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
This error occurs when the periodic module takes longer than 5 milliseconds.
This error occurs when the main module takes longer than half the time indicated in machine parameter "P729".
117 * The internal CNC information requested by activating marks M1901 thru M1949 is not available.
118 * An attempt has been made to modify an unavailable internal CNC variable by means of marks M1950 thru
M1964.
119 Error when writing machine parameters, the decoded M function table and the leadscrew error compensation
tables into the EEPROM memory.
This error may occur when after locking the machine parameters, the decoded M function table and the
leadscrew error compensation tables, one tries to save this information into the EEPROM memory.
120 Checksum error when recovering (restoring) the machine parameters, the decoded M function table and
leadscrew error compensation tables from the EEPROM memory.
Atention:
The ERRORS indicated with "*" behave as follows:
They stop the axis feed and the spindle rotation by cancelling the Enable signals and the
analog outputs of the CNC.
hey interrupt the execution of the part-program of the CNC if it was being executed.
The ERRORS indicated with "**" besides behaving as those with an "*", they activate the
INTERNAL EMERGENCY OUTPUT.
FAGOR 800M CNC
PROGRAMMING MANUAL
Both programs may be written at a PC and sent out to the CNC. The Peripherals section of the
Operating Manual describes how to transfer information between the CNC and a PC.
P99996 may be edited at the CNC; but P99994 cannot be accessed from the CNC. It must be
edited at a PC or peripheral device.
This manual describes all the information on the ISO code used by the 800M CNC.
Notes: The information described in this manual may be subject to variations due to
technical modifications.
FAGOR AUTOMATION, S.Coop. reserves the right to modify the contents of the
manual without prior notice.
INDEX
Section Page
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 9 SUBROUTINES
ERROR CODES
COMPARISON TABLE
FOR FAGOR 800M
CNC MODELS
AVAILABLE 800M CNC MODELS
800-MG 800-MGI
X, Y axes control l l
Z axis as DRO l l
Controlled Z axis l l
Spindle l l
Tools 99 99
Electronic Handwheels 3 3
RS 232C Communications l l
Clear all arithmetic parameter contents setting Installation Manual Section 3.9
them to "0". Operating Manual Section 3.8&6.9
When interrupting execution, the keys for the Installation Manual Section 3.5.1
spindle, the coolant and for O1, O2, O3 and Operating Manual Section 2.5.1
TOOL are enabled. Operating Manual Section 6.5
Introduction - 1
Introduction - 2
SAFETY CONDITIONS
Read the following safety measures in order to prevent damage to personnel, to this
product and to those products connected to it.
Fagor Automation shall not be held responsible for any physical or material damage
derived from the violation of these basic safety regulations.
Fagor Automation shall not be held responsible for any damage suffered or caused
when installed in other environments (residential or homes).
Ambient conditions
The working temperature must be between +5° C and +45° C (41ºF and 113º F)
The storage temperature must be between -25° C and 70° C. (-13º F and 158º F)
Introduction - 3
Protections of the unit itself
It carries two fast fuses of 3.15 Amp./ 250V. to protect the mains AC input
All the digital inputs and outputs are protected by an external fast fuse (F) of 3.15 Amp./
250V. against a voltage overload (greater than 33Vdc) and against reverse connection
of the power supply.
Safety symbols
Symbols which may appear on the manual
WARNING. symbol
It has an associated text indicating those actions or operations may hurt people
or damage products.
Symbols that may be carried on the product
WARNING. symbol
It has an associated text indicating those actions or operations may hurt people
or damage products.
"Electrical Shock" symbol
It indicates that point may be under electrical voltage
Introduction - 4
MATERIAL RETURNING TERMS
When returning the CNC, pack it in its original package and with its original packaging
material. If not available, pack it as follows:
1.- Get a cardboard box whose three inside dimensions are at least 15 cm (6 inches) larger
than those of the unit. The cardboard being used to make the box must have a resistance
of 170 Kg (375 lb.).
2.- When sending it to a Fagor Automation office for repair, attach a label indicating the
owner of the unit, person to contact, type of unit, serial number, symptom and a brief
description of the problem.
3.- Wrap the unit in a polyethylene roll or similar material to protect it.
4.- Pad the unit inside the cardboard box with poly-utherane foam on all sides.
5.- Seal the cardboard box with packing tape or industrial staples.
Introduction - 5
FAGOR DOCUMENTATION
FOR THE 800M CNC
800M CNC OEM Manual Is directed to the machine builder or person in charge of installing and starting
up the CNC.
800M CNC USER Manual Is directed to the end user or CNC operator.
It contains 2 manuals:
Operating Manual describing how to operate the CNC.
Programming Manual describing how to program the CNC.
DNC 25/30 Software Manual Is directed to people using the optional DNC communications software.
DNC 25/30 Protocol Manual Is directed to people wishing to design their own DNC communications software
to communicate with the 800 without using the DNC25/30 software..
DNC-PLC Manual Is directed to people using the optional communications software: DNC-PLC.
FLOPPY DISK Manual Is directed to people using the Fagor Floppy Disk Unit and it shows how to use
it.
Introduction - 6
MANUAL CONTENTS
The programming manual consists of the following sections:
Index
Chapter 9 Subroutines.
Special user program for subroutines: P99994
It shows how to identify a standard and a parametric subroutine.
How to program a call to a standard or to a parametric subroutine.
It shows the subroutine nesting levels.
Error codes
Introduction - 7
1. PROGRAM WRITING
These blocks or instructions consist of words formed by capital letters, signs and numbers
. + -
0123456789
It is possible to program without a number when the value is zero and without the sign
when it is positive.
When programming, the numbers of a word may be replaced with an arithmetic parameter.
Later on, during basic execution, the CNC will replace the arithmetic parameter with its
value. For example:
If XP3 has been programmed, the CNC will replace P3 with its numeric value when
executing this instruction obtaining a result such as X20, X20.567, X-0.003, etc.
These program blocks must be in numerical order (N10, N15, N37, N46, etc.). It is
recommended not to assign them sequential numbers (N10, N11, N12, N13, etc.) in order
to be able to insert future blocks between them if so required.
Atention:
All throughout this manual, we will indicate an "N4" format when referring
to a block number meaning that the "N" letter must be followed by up to 4-
digits (without decimals),
If the block number N4 is followed by a period (.), the block is set as a regular block
skip. This means that the CNC will execute it only if the corresponding conditional
(block skip) input is activated.
When executing any program, the CNC reads four blocks ahead (look ahead) of the
one currently in execution.
In order for the conditional block to be executed, the conditional input must be
activated 4 blocks ahead of the conditional block.
If the block number N4 is followed by two periods (..), the block is set as a special
block skip. This means that the CNC will execute it only if the corresponding
conditional (block skip) input is activated.
In this case, the conditional input may be activated while executing the block
before the conditional one.
The special conditional block N4.., cancels tool radius compensation G41 and G42.
G Preparatory functions
X, Y, Z Coordinates (position values) of the axes
F Feedrate
S Spindle turning speed
T Tool number
M Auxiliary (miscellaneous) functions
This order must be maintained in the block although all these functions need not be in each
block.
Depending on the selected work units (mm or inches), the following programming format
must be used:
Throughout this manual the following formats will be mentioned and their
meanings are:
"N4" Block (program line) number indicating that the letter "N" must be
followed by up to 4 digits (N0 through N9999).
"G2" Referring to a preparatory function indicating that the letter "G" must be
followed by up to 2 digits (G0 through G99).
± 4.3 Meaning that a positive or negative number may follow the letter (X, Y
or Z) by up to 4 integers and up to 3 decimals.
± 3.4 Meaning that a positive or negative number may follow the letter (X, Y
or Z) by up to 3 integers and up to 4 decimals.
"F5.4" Axis feedrate in mm/min, indicating that the letter "F" must be followed
by up to 5 integers and up to 4 decimals.
"F4.5" Axis feedrate in inches/min, indicating that the letter "F" must be
followed by up to 4 integers and up to 5 decimals.
"S4" Referring to spindle speed, indicating that the letter "S" must be
followed by up to 4 digits (S0 through S9999).
T2.2 Referring to the work tool, indicating that the letter "T" must be followed
by up to 2 integers and two decimals.
"M2" Referring to the miscellaneous functions, indicating that the letter "M"
must be followed by up to 2 digits (M0 through M99).
They are always programmed at the beginning of the block and they are used to set the
geometry and operating conditions of the CNC.
Plane selection must be used when performing circular interpolations, corner rounding,
tangential entries and exits, chamfering, machining canned cycles, pattern rotations or
when applying tool length and radius compensation.
The CNC applies tool radius compensation to both axes of the selected plane and tool
length compensation to the axis perpendicular to that plane.
On power-up, after executing M02, M30 or after an EMERGENCY or RESET, the CNC
assumes function G17.
However, these units may be changed along the program by means of the following "G"
functions:
Depending on whether G70 or G71 has been programmed, the CNC assumes those units
for all the following blocks.
On power-up, after executing M02, M30 or after an EMERGENCY or RESET, the CNC
assumes the measuring units set by machine parameter "P13".
When working in G90, the coordinates of the programmed point are referred to the
coordinate origin point (Part Zero).
When working in G91, the coordinates od the programmed point are referred to the end
point (target point) of the previous block.
On power-up, after executing M02, M30 or after an EMERGENCY or RESET, the CNC
assumes G90.
Functions G90 and G91 are modal and incompatible with each other.
Programming example.
- Cartesian coordinates
- Polar coordinates
- Cylindrical coordinates
- By giving two angles
- By giving an angle and a cartesian coordinate
Positive coordinate values do not require the "+" sign. Leading zeros as well as trailing
decimal zeros may also be omittted (0010.100 = 10.1).
Absolute coordinates:
N10 G90 G01 X150.5 Y200
N20 X300
N30 X0 Y0
Incremental coordinates:
N10 G91 G01 X150.5 Y200
N20 X149,5
N30 X-300 Y-200
Either cartesian or cylindrical coordinates must be programmed to move three axes at the
same time.
The format to define a point in the plane with polar coordinates is:
In mm R+/-4.3 A+/-3.3
In inches R+/-3.4 A+/-3.3
Where "R" is the radius of the arc and "A" is the angle (always in degrees) referred to the
polar origin.
The "R" and "A" values will be either absolute or incremental depending on whether G90
or G91 is active.
For circular interpolations (G02 or G03), program the angle A±3.3 and the coordinates of
the center referred to the starting point of the arc.
When the center of the arc is also the polar origin, the center coordinates need not be
programmed, programming just the angle is enough.
Atention:
On power up, after M02, M30, EMERGENCY or RESET, the CNC
assumes point X0 Y0 as the polar origin.
Every time a new main plane is selected during program execution, the origin
point of the new plane becomes the polar origin
When programming G18, point X0 Y0 will be the polar origin point and with
G19 it will be point Y0 Z0.
When executing a circular interpolation with G02 or G03, the arc center
becomes the new polar origin.
With function G93, it is possible to select any point in the plane as polar
origin.
XY Plane
XZ Plane
P605(4)=0
XZ Plane
P605(4)=1
YZ Plane
Where R,A define the projection of the point on the main plane in polar coordinates and
Z is the value of the coordinate Z at that point.
The format for G18 (plane XZ) is: N10 G01 R... A...Y
XY (YZ or XZ) are the coordinates of the end point P2, depending on the working
plane.
Example:
Starting point is X0 Y0
When defining the points of a path, with two angles or one angle and one coordinate, roundings,
tangential approaches and exists can be inserted.
Compensated path
Programmed path
N100 T1.1
N110 G37 R10 G41 X20 Y20
N120 G39 R5 A90 A0
N130 X50 Y60
N140 G36 R7 A-45 X70
N150 G39 R10 A45 A-90
N160 G36 R10 X100 Y20
N170 G38 R10 X20
N180 G40 X0 Y0
N190 M30
If the block only contains G74, the CNC first moves the axis perpendicular to the
selected plane, that is:
The Z axis when in G17, the Y axis when in G18 and the X axis when in G19.
To home only one axis, indicate the desired axis after function G74.
To home both axes; but in a particular order, other than the one described in a),
program G74 followed by the axes in the desired order.
When the homing axis (or axes) reaches home, the screen displays the distance from that
point to the last programmed part zero.
When programming function G92, the axes do not move and the CNC assumes the axis
values programmed after G92 as the new coordinates for those axes.
N10 G92 X500 Y500 (Point P0 now becomes point X500 Y500)
N20 G00 G90 X600 Y600
N30 X900
The coordinate preset by G92 always refers to the current theoretical position of the axes.
N Block number
G93 Polar origin presetting code
I Abscissa value of the polar origin, X value (always an absolute value). That
is, the X value for the XY and XZ planes and the Y value for the YZ plane.
J Ordinate value of the polar origin, Z value (always an absolute value). That
is, the Y value for the XY plane and the Z value for the XZ and YZ planes.
When using this polar origin presetting method, the CNC does not admit any other
information in the same block.
If in any block, a G93 is also programmed, it will mean that the new origin point will
be the current position before moving the axes to the position programmed in that
block.
Atention:
When programming a circular interpolation with G02, G03, the CNC
assumes the center of the arc as the new polar origin.
When switching main planes, the CNC assumes the cartesian coordinate
origin of the new main plane as the new polar origin. That is, X0 Y0 with
G17, X0 Z0 with G18 and Y0 Z0 with G19.
Polar
origin
P1
P2
Polar origin
N0 G93 G01 R200 A135 F500 Point X0 Y0 is now the polar origin and move to P1
N5 R100 A90 Move in G01 to P2.
Once the table is displayed, it is possible to clear all the offsets by pressing:
Functions G53-G59 must be used to load a zero offset into the table or to apply one of them
on the running program.
Absolute value loading. To load the values set by X, Y, Z into the desired table address
(G53-G59).
N Block number
G Zero offset code (G53 through G59)
X X axis zero offset value, referred to home.
Y Y axis zero offset value, referred to home.
Z Z axis zero offset value, referred to home.
Incremental value loading. To increment the existing zero offset values (G53/G59)
by a set amount (I, J, K).
N Block number
G Zero offset code (G53 through G59)
I Amount to be added to the previously stored X axis zero offset value
I Amount to be added to the previously stored Y axis zero offset value
K Amount to be added to the previously stored Z axis zero offset value
Format: N4 G53-G59
It applies a zero offset, according to the values stored at the indicated table address
(G53-G59) onto the program currently in execution.
With G31, it is possible to store the current part zero at any time and retrieve it later on
by using function G32.
This feature may prove useful whenever it is necessary to utilize several part zeros in the
same program since it allows to dimension part of the program with respect to one zero,
store it with G31, change the part zero with G92 or G53-G59, dimension it with respect
to the new part zero and, finally, recover the initial part zero with G32.
Functions G31 and G32 must be programmed alone in the block. Their format is:
N10 G00 G90 X-50 Y50 Position at the center of operation Nr.1
N20 G20 N1.1 Run basic operation (subroutine N1)
N30 X60 Y110 Position at the center of operation Nr. 2
N40 G20 N1.1 Run basic operation (subroutine N1)
N50 X35 Y-90 Position at the center of operation Nr. 3
N60 G20 N1.1 Run basic operation (subroutine N1)
N70 M30 End of program.
Metric programming:
Programming
Format Minimum value Maximum value
units
Inch programming:
Programming
P615(6) Format Minimum value Maximum value
units
F0.001 F25801.1810
P615(6)=0 F 5.4 F1= 0.1 inch/min
(0.0001 inch/min) (2580.1181 inch/min)
F0.0001 F25801.1810
P615(6)=1 F 5.4 F1= 1 inch/min
(0.0001 inch/min) (25801.1810 inch/min)
The machine’s actual maximum feedrate may be limited to a lower value (see instruction
book of the machine).
The machine’s maximum working feedrate can be programmed directly or by using code
F0.
The programmed feedrate can be varied between 0% and 120% or between 0% and 100%
according to P606(2) by means of the knob on the front panel of the CNC. When G47 is
active, this knob is cancelled and the operation is carried out at 100% of the programmed
F.
When G49 is active, the Manual Feedrate Override switch of the operator panel has no
effect. The programming format is: G49 K (1/120)
"G49 K" is followed by the % amount to be applied as feedrate override which must be
an integer between 1 and 120.
Function G49 is modal; that is, once the % has been programmed, it is maintained until
another % value is programmed or this function is cancelled.
This function is also cancelled when executing an M02, M30, RESET or EMERGENCY.
Any integer value (non-decimal) between S0 and S9999 may be programmed. This
maximum value is limited by the actual maximum value set for each particular machine
by the corresponding machine parameter.
The programmed spindle speed may be varied between 50% and 120% by the corresponding
keys of the CNC front panel.
When tapping or while function G47 is active, these keys are ignored (being the override
value set at 100% of the programmed spindle speed S)
The two digits to the left of the decimal point indicate the tool number to be selected.
Up to 100 tools (T0 through T99) and 100 tool offsets (Txx.0 through Txx.99) may be
programmed.
T2.2 The CNC selects the indicated tool and assumes the values of the indicated tool
offset.
T2 The CNC selects the indicated tool and assumes the values of the same offset
number as the indicated tool number. For example, "T19.19" may also be
programmed as "T19".
T.2 The CNC does not change the tool but assumes the values of the indicated tool
offset number.
When programming G41 or G42, the CNC applies, as radius compensation, the
corresponding "R+I" value stored in the tool offset table (T00-T99).
When programming G43, the CNC applies, as tool length compensation, the corresponding
"L+K" value stored in the tool offset table (T00-T99).
If no "T" has been programmed, the CNC applies the "T00" values corresponding to a tool
with zero dimensions.
Each address of the tool offset table contains the following fields:
Atention:
If the manufacturer has associated a subroutine with the T function, nothing
must be programmed after the T function; otherwise, the CNC will issue
the corresponding error.
If the manufacturer has not associated any subroutine to the T function,
every time a new tool is selected, the CNC outputs the code of the new
tool, displays the message "TOOL CHANGE" (in English for all
languages) and interrupts the execution of the program.
The different tool values can be entered in the table by using G50. There are two
possibilities:
The values defined by R, L, I, K are loaded in the tool offset table address identified
by T2.
N4 - Block number
G50 - Tool offsets loading code
T - Tool offset table address (position)
R - Tool radius
I - Tool radius wear
L - Tool length
K - Tool length wear
N4 - Block number
G50 - Tool offsets loading code
T2 - Tool offset table address
I - Value to be added to or subtracted from the I value previously recorded.
K - Value to be added to or subtracted from the K value previously recorded.
Atention:
A block containing the G50 code may not have any other type of informa-
tion.
Same as M03 except that the spindle rotates in the opposite direction.
It is recommended that this be set so that the CNC executes it at the end of the block in
which it is programmed.
Codes associated to the keys corresponding to the external devices "O1", "O2" and "O3".
Codes M10, M12 and M14 activate their corresponding outputs and codes M11, M13 and
M15 deactivate them.
Therefore, the movements programmed in the next block are executed before the axes
reach their target position programmed in the previous block.
The greater the feedrate, the greater the difference is between the theoretical and real paths
(greater radius).
Function G05 is modal and incompatible with G07. Function G05 may also be programmed
as G5.
When operating in G07, the CNC starts executing the next block of the program once the
axes have reached their target position programmed in the previous block.
On power-up, after executing M02, M30, an EMERGENCY or RESET, the CNC assumes
G07 if machine parameter P613(5)=1 and G05 if P613(5)=0.
When two axes move simultaneously, the resulting path is a straight line from the
beginning point to the end point at the feedrate of the slower axis.
When programming G00, the last programmed F is not canceled. Therefore, when
programming G01, G02 or G03 afterwards, the CNC recovers that F and applies it.
"G00" is modal and incompatible with G01, G02, G03 and G33.
On power-up, after executing M02, M30, an EMERGENCY or RESET, the CNC assumes
G00.
The CNC calculates the feedrate for each axis so the resulting straight path is carried out
at the programmed "F".
By means of the "MFO" on the CNC keyboard, it is possible to override the programmed
"F" between 0% and 120% or between 0% and 100% depending on the setting of machine
parameter P606(2).
If machine parameter "P606(2)=0", while keeping the rapid jog key: pressed,
the CNC applies 200% of the programmed "F" to a G01 move.
The same thing occurs when activating the external CYCLE START input if machine
parameter P609(7)=1.
Movements programmed after a G02 or G03 follow a circular path at the programmed
feedrate.
The clockwise (G02) and counter-clockwise (G03) directions have been defined according
to the following coordinate system:
This coordinate system is referred to the movement of the tool over the part.
The direction of G02 and G03 on the XZ plane can be changed by means of parameter
P605(4).
If the direction of the axes is changed, the directions of G02 and G03 are reversed.
Where: A Angle of the arc's end point with respect to the its center.
I Distance, along X, from the starting point to the arc center.
J Distance, along Y, from the starting point to the arc center.
K Distance, along Z, from the starting point to the arc center.
Parameters I, J, K must always be defined, even when their values are 0.
The CNC takes the arc’s center as the new polar origin when carrying out a G02,G03
circular interpolation.
The knob on the front panel of the CNC (M.F.O.) can be used to vary the programmed
feedrate F between 0% and 120% or between 0% and 100%, according to parameter
P606(2).
If during a G02/G03 movement a Rapid Feed key is pressed, the movement will
be performed at twice the programmed feedrate if P606(2) is zero. The same thing will
happen when the external START input is activated if P609(7) is one.
CARTESIAN COORDINATES
G17 G02 G91 X26 Y26 I18 J8 G17 G02 G91 X26 Y-26 I8 J-18
POLAR COORDINATES
G17 G02 G91 A-138 I18 J8 G17 G02 G91 A- 138 I8 J-18
Example 2:
Cartesian coordinates:
Cartesian coordinate values: N5 G90 G17 G02 X170 Y80 I-50 J0 F150
Format in inches: XY plane: G17 G02 (G03) X+/-3.4 Y+/-3.4 R+/-4.3 F4.5
XZ plane: G18 G02 (G03) X+/-3.4 Z+/-3.4 R+/-4.3 F4.5
YZ plane: G19 G02 (G03) Y+/-3.4 Z+/-3.4 R+/-4.3 F4.5
This means that the circular interpolation may be programmed by means of the end point
and the arc radius instead of the arc center coordinates (I, K).
When the arc is smaller than 180º, the radius must be programmed with a positive sign and
with negative sign if otherwise.
Considering P0 as the starting point of the arc and P1 as the end point, four different arcs
may be defined with the same radius.
Depending on the direction of the circular interpolation G02 or G03 and the sign of the
radius, the resulting arc programming formats are:
Arc 1 G02 X Y R -
Arc 2 G02 X Y R +
Arc 3 G03 X Y R +
Arc 4 G03 X Y R -
Atention:
If a complete circle is programmed using any of these four formats, the CNC
will issue error 47 indicating that there are infinite solutions.
"G06" is NOT MODAL. Therefore, it must be programmed every time the arc center
coordinates are to be absolute.
Cartesian coordinates
XY plane G02 (G03) X+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 K4.3 F5.4
XZ plane G02 (G03) X+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 I+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 Y+/-4.3 J4.3 F5.4
YZ plane G02 (G03) Y+/-4.3 Z+/-4.3 J+/-4.3 K+/-4.3 X+/-4.3 I4.3 F5.4
Polar coordinates
Cartesian coordinates
Polar coordinates
Atention:
When the program is executed in DRY RUN operation mode (4), with no real
machine movement, the tool path in a helical interpolation will be displayed
neither on the graphic simulation nor when a ZOOM function is used.
Atention:
When a circular (helical) interpolation is programmed with G02,G03, the
CNC takes the arc’s center as the new polar origin.
"G08" is not modal, it only replaces G02 and G03 in the block containing it. It may be
programmed whenever a tangential arc is desired. The previous path may be a straight line
or another arc.
Atention:
G08 cannot be used to draw a complete circle since there are infinite
solutions. The CNC will issue error 47 when attempting to do so.
Atention:
A complete circle cannot be drawn by using "G09" since all three points must
be different. The CNC will issue error 40 when attempting to do so.
"G37" is not modal and, therefore, must be programmed every time the tangential link
between two paths is desired. These paths may be: straight-to-straight or straight-to-
curve. "G37" must be followed by the radius of the entry arc (R4.3 in mm or R3.4 in
inches).
"G37 R" must be programmed in the linear movement to be affected by it (either a G00
or a G01).
If "G37 R" is programmed in a circular interpolation (G02 or G03), the CNC will issue
error 41.
Example:
As can be seen in the diagram, the CNC modifies the path of block N0 so that the tool starts
machining with a tangential entry to the part.
"G38" is not modal and, therefore, must be programmed every time the tangential link
between two paths is desired. These paths may be: straight-to-straight or curve-to-
straight. "G38" must be followed by the radius of the entry arc (R4.3 in mm or R3.4 in
inches).
"G38 R" must be programmed in the block prior to the linear one (either a G00 or a G01)
being affected by it .
If the next programmed path, after the one containing "G38 R", is an arc (G02 or G03),
the CNC will issue error 42.
Example:
"G36" is not modal and, therefore, must be programmed every time this feature is desired.
Example 1:
Example 2:
"G39" is not modal and, therefore, must be programmed every time a chamfer is desired.
This function must be programmed in the block whose end is to be chamfered.
A positive value of R4.3 in mm or R3.4 in inches, sets the chamfer distance from the
intersection point.
Example:
When "K" is followed by a figure, it can be a value between 0 and 99.99 seconds whereas
when followed by an arithmetic parameter (KP3) this parameter value may be between 0
and 655.35 seconds.
The dwell is executed at the beginning of the block containing it. "G04" may also be
programmed as "G4".
Functions G11,G12,G13 are modal; i.e. once programmed they remain active until G10
is programmed.
Functions G11,G12,G13 can all be programmed in the same block, since they are not
incompatible with each other.
Example:
b) N35 G11
N40 G25 N5.30
Example 2:
N10 X— Y—
N20 ' '
N30 ' '
N40 ' '
N50 ' '
N60 G11 G12
N70 G25 N10.50
N80 M30
If mirror imaging is programmed while G73 (pattern rotation) is active the CNC will apply
mirror image first and then the rotation.
The CNC assumes G10 on being turned ON, after executing M02,M30 or after an
EMERGENCY or RESET.
N4 Block number
G30 Error programming code
K2(0-99) Error code number to be displayed
The error code may also be programmed by an arithmetic parameter between P0 and P255.
For example: N4 G30 KP123.
This code, in combination with G26, G27, G28 and G29, permits interrupting the program
and detecting possible measuring errors, etc.
Atention:
When wishing the CNC's own error code comments NOT to appear on the
screen, the error code number to be displayed by "G30" must be greater than
those used by the CNC.
Remember that the operator may write comments in the program and the
CNC will display them when executing the corresponding block.
Format a) N4 G25 N4
N4 Block number
G25 Unconditional jump code
N4 Block number jumping to
When the CNC reads this block, the program "jumps" to the indicated block and
continues its execution from there on.
When reaching block N10, the CNC skips blocks N15 and N20 continuing from N50
to the end of the program.
N4 Block number
G25 Unconditional jump code
N4.4.2
Number of repetitions
Number of the last block to be executed
Number of the block jumping to
When the CNC reads a block of this type, jumps to the block defined between "N" and
the first period.
Executes the program portion between this block and the one defined between the two
periods as many times as indicated by the last figure.
This last figure may be between 0 and 99. However, if an arithmetic parameter is used
to define it, its value may be between 0 and 255.
When writing only N4.4, the CNC will execute this program section only once (same
as for: N4.4.1)
Once the CNC has completed the last repetition of the section, it returns to the block
following the one containing "G25 N4.4.2 "
When reaching "N25", the CNC jumps to "N0" and executes the section "N0 through
N20" eight times. It, then, returns to "N30".
The preparatory functions corresponding to the conditional jumps/calls (G26, G27, G28,
G29 and G30) will be described in the section regarding PARAMETRIC
PROGRAMMING, OPERATIONS WITH PARAMETERS later on in this manual.
G72 must be programmed alone in a block. There are two different methods of
programming G72.
Tool radius and length compensation are possible with this scaling mode.
All coordinate values programmed after G72 will be multiplied by K until the scaling is
cancelled by K=1, or after M02,M30, EMERGENCY or RESET.
Example:
Starting point is X-30 Y10
In this case the axis to which the scale factor is applied must be at the zero point (value
0) when the factor is applied or cancelled.
The coordinate value of the axis affected must be zero when G72 is applied. When the
scaling factor affects only one axis, the coordinate values of the datum point cannot be
altered by functions such as G32, G92 or G53 through G59.
Tool radius compensation will also be affected by the scaling factor applied to the axis.
If, within the same program, both scaling methods are used, the CNC will apply to the axis
affected by both methods a factor equal to the multiplication of both values.
When checking a program in graphic mode, the graphic being displayed is not affected by
any scaling factor. Therefore, when the scaling factor is applied to one axis only, the values
and graphics displayed will represent the programmed values.
N4 - Block number
G73 - Pattern rotation code
A+/-3.3 - Rotation angle (between 0º and 360º)
G73 is incremental, i.e., if more than one G73 is programmed. Their respective "A" values
will be added together.
Pattern rotation is cancelled with: G17, G18, G19, G73 (without an "A" value). An M02,
M30, EMERGENCY or RESET.
While G73 is active, blocks defining a point by one angle plus an absolute (G90) cartesian
coordinate are not possible.
After executing function G47, the CNC executes all the following blocks in a row until
a G48 is detected.
When pressing the key while executing a "Single-Block" block, either in Automatic
or block by block, the CNC goes on executing all the following blocks until a G48 is
executed.
While function G47 is active, the Manual Feedrate Override switch as well as the spindle
speed override keys are ignored, thus that section of the program is executed at 100% of
the programmed "F" and "S".
Functions G47 and G48 are modal and incompatible with each other.
Tool radius compensation enables the contour of the part to be programmed directly
without taking the dimensions of the tool into account.
The CNC automatically calculates the path to be followed by the tool, based on the contour
of the part and the tool radius value stored in the tool table.
G41. The tool is on the left of the part as seen from the direction of movement.
G42. The tool is on the right of the part as seen from the direction of movement.
The CNC has a table of up to 100 pairs of values for tool radius compensation. R identifies
the tool radius and I the tool wear. The CNC will add (or subtract) the value of I to the value
of R.
The compensation values must be stored in the tool table (operating mode 8) before
starting the machining or else at the beginning of a part program by means of G50.
The values of I,K can also be checked and modified without stopping the cycle’s
execution (See Operation Manual).
Once the plane in which the compensation is to be applied has been determined by codes
G17,G18,G19 the compensation is made effective by means of G41 or G42 and acquires
the table value selected by code Txx.xx (Txx.00-Txx.99).
Functions G41 and G42 are modal (maintained) and are cancelled by G40, G74, G81,
G82, G83, G84, G85, G86, G87, G88, G89, M02 and M30 and by EMERGENCY or
RESET.
G41: The tool remains to the left of the part in the machining direction.
G42: The tool remains to the right of the part in the machining direction.
Either the block in which G41/G42 is programmed or a previous block must include
programming of function Txx.xx (Txx.00-Txx.99) to select from the tool table the
correction value to be applied. If no tool is selected, the CNC assumes the value T00.00.
Tool radius compensation selection (G41/G42) can only be carried out when G00 or G01
(rectilinear movements) is active. If the first call for compensation is made when G02 or
G03 are active, the CNC will display error code 40.
The next pages illustrate various cases of initiation of tool radius compensation.
Compensated path
Programmed path
Path programmed
in two blocks
Compensated path
Programmed path
The graphs below illustrate the various paths followed by a tool controlled by a CNC
programmed with radius compensation.
For instance: Three or more blocks which do not include movement in the compensation
plane, between blocks which do.
Error 35 will be displayed at point (1). Only blocks containing G20, G21, G22, G23, G24,
G25,G26,G27,G28 or G29 can be programmed and they will not originate error 35 as they
will not have a block without movement.
It should be borne in mind that tool radius compensation cancellation (G40) can only be
carried out in a block in which a rectilinear movement is programmed (G00,G01).
If G40 is programmed in a block containing G02 or G03, the CNC will give alarm 40.
Compensated path
Programmed path
Path programmed
in two blocks
Compensated path
Programmed path
(profile of the part)
N0 G92 X0 Y0 Z0
N5 G90 G17 S100 T1.1 M03
N10 G41 G01 X40 Y30 F125
N15 Y70
N20 X90
N25 Y30
N30 X40
N35 G40 G00 X0 Y0 M30
Compensated path
Programmed path
(profile of the part)
N0 G92 X0 Y0 Z0
N5 G90 G17 G01 F150 S100 T1.1 M03
N10 G42 X30 Y30
N15 X50
N20 Y60
N25 X80
N30 X100 Y40
N35 X140
N40 X120 Y70
N45 X30
N50 Y30
N55 G40 G00 X0 Y0 M30
Compensated path
Programmed path
(profile of the part)
N0 G92 X0 Y0 Z0
N5 G90 G01 G17 F150 S100 T1.1 M03
N10 G42 X20 Y20
N15 X50 Y30
N20 X70
N25 G03 X85 Y45 I0 J15
N30 G02 X100 Y60 I15 J0
N35 G01 Y70
N40 X55
N45 G02 X25 Y70 I-15 J0
N50 G01 X20 Y20
N55 G40 G00 X0 Y0 M05 M30
As previously indicated in the section on tool radius compensation, the CNC has storage
capacity for dimensions, radius and length of 100 tools (Txx.oo- Txx.99).
L identifies the tool length and K the tool wear. The CNC will add (or subtract) the value
of K to the value of L.
When G43 is programmed, the CNC compensates the length according to the value
selected from the tool table (Txx.00-Txx.99).
Function G43 is modal (persistent) and is cancelled by G44, G74, M02, M30,
EMERGENCY or RESET.
Length compensation can be used in conjunction with canned cycles, although in that case
the precaution has to be taken of applying the compensation before the cycle starts.
It is supposed that the tool used is 4 mm shorter than the tool programmed.
The tool number is T1.1 (the value stored in the tool table is L-4).
N0 G92 X0 Y0 Z0
N5 G91 G00 G05 X50 Y35 S500 M03
N10 G43 Z-25 T1.1
N15 G01 G07 Z-12 F100
N20 G00 Z12
N25 X40
N30 G01 Z-17
N35 G00 G05 G44 Z42 M05
N40 G90 G07 X0 Y0
N45 M30
The canned cycle can alter the contents of parameters P0 through P99.
Parameters P200 through P209 are reserved for the CNC and some of them, as
described next, have a special meaning.
On power-up, after a Reset and when quitting the execution of program P99996, the
CNC updates the following arithmetic parameters:
P200 The Z axis is set as being controlled by the CNC (0) or as a DRO axis (1)
P201 Work units (0=mm, 1=inches)
P209 Z axis interpolations are possible (0) or not (1)
When programming the canned cycles, if the parameter value is a constant, press K
after the "=" sign. For example: P0 = K25 ......
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected.
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Programming example:
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Definition example:
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
The angular step "B" is always given in degrees and indicates the moving direction.
With a negative value for clockwise and positive for counter-clockwise.
For a full circle, program B0. The moving direction will be counter-clockwise.
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Z SAF
For a pocket with rounded corners, set "C0" and assign to "r" the desired
rounding radius.
For a pocket with chamfered corners, set "r0" and assign to "C" the distance
from the theoretical corner.
These parameters are to be set when the Z axis has been set as being controlled by the CNC.
Machine parameter "P617(4)=0".
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Z SAF
These parameters are to be set when the Z axis has been set as being controlled by the CNC.
Machine parameter "P617(4)=0".
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Z SAF
For a pocket with rounded corners, set "C0" and assign to "r" the desired
rounding radius.
For a pocket with chamfered corners, set "r0" and assign to "C" the distance
from the theoretical corner.
These parameters are to be set when the Z axis has been set as being controlled by the CNC.
Machine parameter "P617(4)=0".
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Z SAF
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Z SAF
Z SAF
Z SAF
Z SAF
P148 Step between two consecutive passes (G). When set to 0, the CNC
assumes 0.75 times the tool diameter.
P152 Tool overshoot distance on each side of the part for better part finish
on the edges (E)
These parameters are to be set when the Z axis has been set as being controlled by the CNC.
Machine parameter "P617(4)=0".
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Z SAF
To round a corner, set C0 and assign to "r" the desired rounding radius.
To chamfer a corner, set R0 and assign to "C" the distance to the theoretical
corner to be chamfered.
To machine a sharp corner (neither rounded nor chamfered), program r0 & C0.
These parameters are to be set when the Z axis has been set as being controlled by the CNC.
Machine parameter "P617(4)=0".
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
These parameters are to be set when the Z axis has been set as being controlled by the CNC.
Machine parameter "P617(4)=0".
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Drilling example:
N40 P106=K1 P110=K20 P111=K10 ............ Parameters for straight line positioning
P130=K50 P133=K25 P132=K6
These parameters are to be set when the Z axis has been set as being controlled by the CNC.
Machine parameter "P617(4)=0".
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Tapping example:
These parameters are to be set when the Z axis has been set as being controlled by the CNC.
Machine parameter "P617(4)=0".
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
Boring example:
When running a canned cycle, it is recommended to set this parameter whenever a new
feedrate is selected. Example for setting a feedrate of F100:
P205 = K100 Sets parameter P205 to the desired feedrate value (100).
FP205 Selects the feedrate value indicated by P205
A subroutine may be called upon several times from different program positions or from
different programs.
A subroutine may be included within the user-defined program P99996 or may be stored
in the special program P99994 for user-defined subroutines.
Standard and parametric subroutines are basically identical. Their only difference being
that the calling block for a parametric subroutine (G21 N2.2) may contain up to 15
definition parameters.
In the case of a standard subroutine, the parameters may not be defined in the calling block.
When program P99996 calls upon a subroutine, the CNC looks for it in P99996 first and,
then, if not found, in P99994.
Using P99994 is recommended when several user-defined programs P99996 are being
utilized. This way, if P99994 contains all the usual subroutines, they will not have to be
repeated in each P99996 program.
Program all the desired blocks after this first subroutine block and remember that a
standard subroutine may also contain parametric blocks.
A subroutine must always end with a block of the type: N4 G24. This "G24" code indicates
the end of the subroutine. This block cannot contain any other information.
Atention:
Subroutines "N91" through "N99" may not be defined because they are
utilized by the CNC.
The CNC memory may not contain two standard subroutines with identical
ID numbers even if they belong to different programs. However, it is possible
to use the same number to identify a standard subroutine and a parametric
one.
The number of times may also be programmed by an arithmetic parameter between P0 and
P255. For example: N4 G20 N10.P123
If the number of times is not programmed, the CNC will execute it only once.
The block calling the standard subroutine may not contain any other information.
Atention:
Subroutines "N91" through "N99" may not be defined because they are
utilized by the CNC.
The CNC memory may not contain two parametric subroutines with
identical ID numbers even if they belong to different programs. However,
it is possible to use the same number to identify a standard subroutine and
a parametric one.
Atention:
When concluding the execution of the parametric subroutine (G24), the
parameters recover the values assigned to them in the calling block even when
they have been set to other values throughout the program.
Perform the machining operations shown above using the same parametric subroutine.
The tool moves over the part to Z10 and the machining depth is Z-10.
Starting point: X0 Y0
When the CNC reads block N120, it will execute subroutine N8 ( defined between N30
and N80) once.
M02 or M03
This CNC offers 255 arithmetic parameters (P0 through P254) which can be used to edit
parametric blocks and perform math operations and jumps within a program. These
parametric blocks may be written anywhere in the program.
F1 Addition
F2 Subtraction
F3 Multiplication
F4 Division
F5 Square root
F6 Square root of the sum of squares (Pythagorean formula)
F7 Sine
F8 Cosine
F9 Tangent
F10 Arc tangent
F11 Comparison
F12 Entire part (integer without decimals)
F13 Entire part plus one
F14 Entire part minus one
F15 Absolute value (without sign)
F16 Complement (invert sign)
F17 Memory address (location) of the indicated block
F18 X coordinate contained in the block located at the indicated address
F19 Y coordinate contained in the block located at the indicated address
F20 Z coordinate contained in the block located at the indicated address
F21 Not being used at this time.
F22 Memory address (location) of the block previous to the indicated one
F23 Selected tool offset number
F24 R value of the indicated tool
F25 L value of the indicated tool
F26 I value of the indicated tool
F27 K value of the indicated tool
F28 Not being used at this time.
F29 Number of the selected tool
F30 Logic AND function
F31 Logic OR function
F32 Logic XOR function
F33 Logic NOR function
a) N4 P1 = P2
b) N4 P1 = K1.5
d) N4 P1 = X
e) N4 P1 = Y
f) N4 P1 = Z
g) N4 P1 = T
This CNC has an internal clock which keeps track of the program execution (running)
time.
In order to find out the execution time required by some parts or operations, include
this type of blocks at the beginning and end of the program section to be timed and
then subtract the obtained values.
h) N4 P1= 0X
P1 takes the current theoretical X axis coordinate referred to Machine Reference Zero
(home).
i) N4 P1= 0Y
P1 takes the current theoretical Y axis coordinate referred to Machine Reference Zero
(home).
j) N4 P1= 0Z
P1 takes the current theoretical Z axis coordinate referred to Machine Reference Zero
(home).
Page Chapter: 10 Section:
2 PARAMETRIC PROGRAMMING ASSIGNMENTS
10.2 OPERATORS "F1" through "F16"
F1 Addition
Example: N4 P1 = P2 F1 P3
P1 takes the value resulting from adding P2 and P3. That is, P1 = P2 + P3.
It may also be programmed as: N4 P1 = P2 F1 K2 which means that P1 takes the value
of P2 + 2. The letter "K" indicates that it is a constant.
F2 Subtraction
F3 Multiplication
F4 Division
F5 Square root
F7 Sine
F8 Cosine
N4 P1 = F8 P2 ...................... P1 = Cosine P2
N4 P1 = F8 K75.................... P1 = Cosine 75 degrees
N4 P1 = F9 P2 .................... P1 = tg P2
N5 P1 = F9 K30.................. P1 = tg 30 degrees
F11 Comparison
It compares one parameter with another one or with a constant and it activates the
conditional jump flags (its usefulness will be described in the section on conditional
jumps G26, G27, G28, G29).
N4 P1 = F11 P2
F16 Complement
N4 P7 = F16 P20 ................ P7 takes the value of P20 with the opposite sign. P7 = -
P20
N4 P7 = F16 K10................ P7 = -10
F17 N4 P1 = F17 P2
P1 takes the memory address value (location) of the block number indicated by P2.
Example N4 P1 = F17 K12. P1 takes the value of the memory address where block
N12 is located.
F18 N4 P1=F18 P2
P1 takes the X coordinate value contained in the block whose address is (located at)
P2.
F19 N4 P1=F19 P2
F20 N4 P1 = F20 P2
F20 does not admit a constant operand. Example: P1 = F20 K4. IS WRONG
F22 N4 P1=F22 P2
P1 takes the memory address (location) of the block prior to the location indicated by
P2.
F22 does not admit a constant operand. Example: P1 = F22 K5. IS WRONG.
F23 N4 P1 = F23
N4 P8=F24 P12 P8 takes the R value appearing in the tool table position
indicated by the value of P12.
N4 P15=F25 K16 P15 takes the L value appearing in position 16 of the tool table.
N4 P13=F25 P34 P13 takes the L value appearing in the tool table position
indicated by the value of P34.
N4 P6=F26 K32 P6 takes the I value appearing in position 32 of the tool table.
N4 P14=F26 P15 P14 takes the I value appearing in the tool table position
indicated by the value of P15.
N4 P90=F27 K13 P90 takes the K value appearing in position 13 of the tool table.
N4 P28=F27 P5 P28 takes the K value appearing in the tool table position
indicated by the value of P5.
F29 N4 P1=F29
One block may contain all the desired assignments and operations as long as they do not
modify more than 15 parameters.
These BINARY operations also activate the internal flags depending on the results of their
operations for later use when programming CONDITIONAL JUMPS/CALLS (G26,
G27, G28, G29).
Parameters P1 = P2 F30 P3
Parameters and constants P11 = P25 F31 H(8)
Constants P19 = K2 F32 K5
Example: N4 P154= F33 P88 P154 takes the "ones" complement of (inverts its bits )
P88
Value of P88 Value of P154
4A52D63F B5AD29C0
Atention:
Assignments and non-parametric functions do not alter the status of the
condition flags.
P0 = A (angle)
P1 = B
P2 = A/2
P3 = cos A/2
P4 = |cos A/2|
P5 = R = B |cos A/2|
* When while BACKGROUND editing, the program in execution calls a subroutine located in the program
being edited or in a later program.
The order in which the part-programs are stored in memory are shown in the part-program directory. If during
the execution of a program, a new one is edited, this new one will be placed at the end of the list.
* When a negative value has been assigned to a function which does not accept the "-" sign.
014 A block has been programmed which is incorrect either by itself or in relation with the program history up to
that instant.
015 Functions G20, G21, G22, G23, G24, G25, G26, G27, G28, G29, G30, G31, G32, G50, G52, G53, G54, G55,
G56, G57, G58, G59, G72, G73, G74, G92 and G93 must be programmed alone in a block.
016 The called subroutine or block does not exist or the block searched by means of special function F17 does not
exist.
018 Error in blocks where the points are defined by means of angle-angle or angle-coordinate.
019 This error is issued in the following cases:
- After defining G20, G21, G22 or G23, the number of the subroutine it refers to is missing.
- The "N" character has not been programmed after function G25, G26, G27, G28 or G29.
020 The axes of the circular interpolation are not programmed correctly.
021 There is no block at the address defined by the parameter assigned to F18, F19, F20, F21, F22.
025 Error in a definition block or subroutine call, or when defining either conditional or unconditional jumps.
- Memory overflow.
027 I/J/K has not been defined for a circular interpolation or thread.
028 An attempt has been made to select a tool offset at the tool table or a non-existent external tool (the number of
tools is set by machine parameter).
This error is often issued when programming an F value in mm/min (inch/min) and, then, switching to work in
mm/rev (inch/rev) without changing the F value.
Example: Being the X axis position X-5000, if we want to move it to point X5000, the CNC will issue error
33 when programming the block N10 X5000 since the programmed move will be:
5000 - (-5000) = 10000 mm.
In order to make this move without issuing this error, it must be carried out in two stages as indicated
below:
It must be borne in mind that if G72 is applied only to one axis, this axis must be positioned at part zero (0 value)
at the time the scaling factor is applied.
- A block has been programmed which contains a jump to itself. Example: N120 G25 N120.
040 The programmed arc does not go through the defined end point (tolerance 0.01mm) or there is no arc that goes
through the points defined by G08 or G09.
041 This error is issued when programming a tangential entry as in the following cases:
- There is no room to perform the tangential entry. A clearance of twice the rounding radius or greater is
required.
- If the tangential entry is to be applied to an arc (G02, G03), The tangential entry must be defined in a linear
block.
042 This error is issued when programming a tangential exit as in the following cases:
- There is no room to perform the tangential exit. A clearance of twice the rounding radius or greater is required.
- If the tangential exit is to be applied to an arc (G02, G03), The tangential exit must be defined in a linear block.
047 A zero movement has been programmed during radius compensation or corner rounding.
049 Chamfer programmed incorrectly in a rectangular pocket or corner roughing operation in such way that:
050 Functions M06, M22, M23, M24, M25 must be programmed alone in a block.
051 * A tool change cannot be performed without being in the change position.
054 There is no tape in the cassette reader or the reader head cover is open.
059 Communication error between the CNC and the cassette reader.
060 Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
The memory contents will be kept for 10 more days (with the CNC off) from the moment this error occurs. The
whole battery module located on the back must be replaced. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
Atention:
Due to danger of explosion or combustion, do not try to recharge the battery, do not expose
it to temperatures higher than 100°C (232°F) and do not short the battery leads.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would
force the machine to go beyond limits.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would
force the machine to go beyond limits.
It is generated either because the machine is beyond limit or because a block has been programmed which would
force the machine to go beyond limits.
080 This error occurs when using a tool smaller than the machining pass "G" in a rectangular/circular pocket or in
a corner roughing operation.
081 This error occurs when the tool radius is greater than "(L/2)-E" or "H/2)-E".
083 This error occurs when programming "r>0" or "C>0" in a rectangular pocket or corner roughing operation.
084 This error occurs when programming a tool radius greater than "R-E" in a circular pocket.
085 This error occurs when using a 0-radius tool (tool offset) having programmed "G=0" (machining pass) in a
rectangular/circular pocket or in a corner roughing operation.
086 This error occurs when assigning an incorrect value to an automatic operation or to a machining operation:
087 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
088 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
This error comes up when it is mandatory to search home on all axes after power-up. This requirement is set
by machine parameter.
090 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
091 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
092 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
093 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
095 This error occurs when the tool radius is larger than the rounding radius "r" in a rectangular pocket or corner
roughing operation.
100 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
101 ** Internal CNC hardware error. Consult with the Technical Service Department.
This error occurs when the periodic module takes longer than 5 milliseconds.
This error occurs when the main module takes longer than half the time indicated in machine parameter "P729".
117 * The internal CNC information requested by activating marks M1901 thru M1949 is not available.
118 * An attempt has been made to modify an unavailable internal CNC variable by means of marks M1950 thru
M1964.
119 Error when writing machine parameters, the decoded M function table and the leadscrew error compensation
tables into the EEPROM memory.
This error may occur when after locking the machine parameters, the decoded M function table and the
leadscrew error compensation tables, one tries to save this information into the EEPROM memory.
120 Checksum error when recovering (restoring) the machine parameters, the decoded M function table and
leadscrew error compensation tables from the EEPROM memory.
Atention:
The ERRORS indicated with "*" behave as follows:
They stop the axis feed and the spindle rotation by cancelling the Enable signals and the
analog outputs of the CNC.
hey interrupt the execution of the part-program of the CNC if it was being executed.
The ERRORS indicated with "**" besides behaving as those with an "*", they activate the
INTERNAL EMERGENCY OUTPUT.
FAGOR CNC 800M
NEW FEATURES
However, some applications require the electronic handwheels (manual pulse generators) to be affected by Feed-hold.
Machine parameter "P628(7)" indicates whether they are or not affected by Feed-hold.
Until now, this was only possible while executing a program (P99996) in Automatic Mode.
Parameter setting:
Machine parameter "P628(3)" indicates whether the machine has an ATC or not.
P628(3) = 0 No ATC.
P628(3) = 1 The machine has an ATC.
In either case, the CNC considers machine parameter "P743" and "P745" .
The subroutines associated with the T function must contain the tool selection sequence and must be defined by the manufacturer
in one of the special ISO-coded user programs: P99994 or P99996.
-2-
2.1 MACHINE WITH MANUAL TOOL CHANGER
Machine parameter "P628(3)" must be set to "0" (no ATC available).
Every time a new tool is selected, (T?? - START), the CNC acts as follows:
1.- If machine parameter "P743" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
2.- The CNC outputs the BCD code and assumes the new tool.
3.- If machine parameter "P745" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
Every time the execution of an automatic operation requires a tool change, (T01 active and the cycle requests T02), the CNC
behaves as follows:
1.- If machine parameter "P743" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
2.- It displays the message: "TOOL CHANGE" and interrupts program execution.
3.- When the operator presses the [CYCLE START] key, the CNC outputs the BCD code and assumes the new tool.
4.- If machine parameter "P745" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
a) One or both machine parameters "P743" and "P745" have been set to a value other than "0".
Every time the execution of the ISO program (99996) requires a tool changer, the CNC behaves as follows:
1.- If machine parameter "P743" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
2.- The CNC outputs the BCD code and assumes the new tool.
3.- If machine parameter "P745" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
b) Both machine parameters "P743" and "P745" have been set to "0".
Every time the execution of the ISO program (99996) requires a tool changer, the CNC behaves as follows:
1.- The CNC outputs the BCD code and assumes the new tool.
3.- When the operator presses the [CYCLE START] key, the CNC resumes program execution.
-3-
2.2 MACHINE WITH AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER (ATC)
Machine parameter "P628(3)" must be set to "1" (ATC available).
Every time a new tool is selected, (T?? - START), the CNC acts as follows:
1.- If machine parameter "P743" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
2.- The CNC outputs the BCD code and assumes the new tool.
3.- If machine parameter "P745" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
Every time the execution of an automatic operation requires a tool change, (T01 active and the cycle requests T02), the CNC
behaves as follows:
1.- If machine parameter "P743" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
2.- The CNC outputs the BCD code and assumes the new tool.
3.- If machine parameter "P745" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
a) One or both machine parameters "P743" and "P745" have been set to a value other than "0".
Every time the execution of the ISO program (99996) requires a tool changer, the CNC behaves as follows:
1.- If machine parameter "P743" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
2.- The CNC outputs the BCD code and assumes the new tool.
3.- If machine parameter "P745" is set to a value other than "0", the CNC executes that standard subroutine.
b) Both machine parameters "P743" and "P745" have been set to "0".
Every time the execution of the ISO program (99996) requires a tool changer, the CNC behaves as follows:
1.- The CNC outputs the BCD code and assumes the new tool.
3.- When the operator presses the [CYCLE START] key, the CNC resumes program execution.
-4-
3. TREATMENT OF THE M19 (SPINDLE ORIENT)
When using ATC, the spindle must be oriented before changing tools.
M19 should be included in the standard subroutine to be executed before the T function (machine parameter P743).
Requirements:
This encoder must be connected via connector "A5", which is the same one used for the electronic handwheel associated with
the Z axis.
To use this feature on machines having a handwheel associated with the Z axis, connector "A5" must be shared by the handwheel
and the spindle encoder.
· If the spindle switches from "Spindle Orient" mode to "Open Loop" mode without swapping the feedback device at connector
"A5", the CNC will take the spindle pulses as handwheel pulses.
Parameter setting:
Machine parameter "P800" indicates whether there is a spindle encoder installed or not and, consequently, whether "Spindle
Orientation" is available or not.
Besides having an spindle encoder (P800 other than 0), the following machine parameters must also be set:
Programming format
-5-
Basic operation
* The CNC outputs the M19 code as any other "M" function so the electrical cabinet can execute it.
* If the spindle was in open loop (M3, M4), the CNC slows the spindle down until its speed is below the value set by machine
parameter "P700" and, then, homes the spindle.
* The CNC orients the spindle to the preset position (S4.3) and at the speed set by machine parameter "P700".
If a block containing only an "M19" is executed (without "S4.3"), the CNC orients the spindle to the position set by machine
parameter "P916". If "P916=0", the spindle spins indefinitely at the rpm set for M19.
The orienting direction is set by machine parameter "P601(7)"; however, the spindle may be oriented in either direction by
using machine parameter "P619(6)".
- An M3, M4 or M5 is executed
- An S ???? is executed
- A Reset is carried out
- An M30 is executed
- An execution error comes up
Example:
-6-