Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mamada - Culminating Project Final Presentation-AM
Mamada - Culminating Project Final Presentation-AM
596-Culminating Project
3
3
596-Culminating Project
Opened first time: 1993
Fitness studios
Indoor track
4
596-Culminating Project
Applicable Codes and Standards
California Building Code (2007)
International Building Code (2006)
California Fire Code (2007)
International Fire Code (2006)
NFPA 13: Automatic Sprinkler Systems (2003)
NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm Code (2007)
[NFPA101: Life Safety Code]
596-Culminating Project
Classification: IBC: Based on intended use and occupancy:
◦ Group A [IBC, Section 303]
IBC: Mixed and non-separated occupancy: [IBC, Section 508.3.1]
Use of room / Space Occupancy Classification
Gymnasium A-3
Fitness A-3
Offices / Administration B
Yoga / Meditation A-3
Storage rooms S
Mechanical/Electrical Equipment Accessory (Incidental use)
rooms/spaces
596-Culminating Project
As a multiple occupancy building, the Recreation Center shall
comply with all requirements that are applicable to each of the
purposes for which the room or space will be occupied.
The means of egress facilities, construction type, protection, and
other safeguards in the building shall comply with the most
restrictive fire and life safety requirements of the occupancies
involved
596-Culminating Project
Building Construction Type: I-B
◦ Physical Dimensions:
Stories: 2
596-Culminating Project
9
Building construction TYPE: IB
596-Culminating Project
IBC, Section 506.1 allows Table 503 building areas to be increased
due to frontage and automatic Sprinkler System protection.
Summary of increased tabular values
10
596-Culminating Project
Analysis of increased values for areas, story heights due to frontage
and automatic sprinkler system installation revealed that no other
building construction types would have been allowed in accordance
with IBC provisions
11
11
596-Culminating Project
Fire resistance ratings of construction elements [IBC section 602]
◦ Interior and exterior building elements
12
12
596-Culminating Project
◦ Exterior Walls
13
13
596-Culminating Project
Examples of building elements
14
596-Culminating Project
Fire Alarm System in the REC Center:
◦ Building Fire Alarm System connected to a proprietary
supervising Station [Cal Poly University Police building]
◦ Addressable initiating devices
◦ Addressable notification appliances
◦ Interfaces with auxiliary systems
Elevator recall
Fire dampers
596-Culminating Project
Initiating devices Notification Appliances
◦ Smoke detectors
◦ Speaker / Strobes
◦ Heat detectors
◦ Horn / Strobes
◦ Manual pull station
◦ Wet-pipe sprinkler system
flow switch
◦ Duct-smoke detector
596-Culminating Project
Activate local audible and visible alarm
notification appliances to notify the occupants to
evacuate the building
Send a fire alarm signal to the supervising station;
where operators, in constant attendance,
monitoring all signals will respond accordingly
“Female vs male” voice recorded message for
EVAC system
18
596-Culminating Project
Occupancy hazard classification:
◦ Light Hazard [NFPA13,§5.2]
◦ Ordinary Hazard (Group 1) [NFPA13,§5.3.1]
Automatic sprinkler system required
[NFPA13,§12.3.5.2]
Wet-pipe automatic sprinkler system installed
throughout the building
◦ QRSC: Quick Response Standard Coverage
◦ QREC: Quick Response Extended Coverage
19
596-Culminating Project
Using CMDA [Control Mode Density/Area]:
◦ Hose stream allowance: 100 gpm for 30 minutes
20
596-Culminating Project
Sprinkler riser locations
21
Pstatic=140 PSI
City Water Supply:
Psystem=78 PSI
Static P= 140 psi
Residual P= 132 psi
Residual Flow= 1186 gpm
22
23
596-Culminating Project
Life Safety code: NFPA101
◦ Egress capacity based on capacity factors in accordance with §7.3.3.1
◦ The minimum required width:
Stairways: 0.3 inches (width/person)
Other components (e.g. doors): 0.2 inches (width/person)
24
596-Culminating Project
Summary of occupant load calculations (2nd floor):
Exits Required
OLF (ft2 / OCC)
Occupancy
Calculated
Number of
Occupant
Area (ft2)
Floor/Space
Load
Fitness Studio 1 B 1688 50 34 1
596-Culminating Project
26
596-Culminating Project
27
596-Culminating Project
28
596-Culminating Project
29
596-Culminating Project
Exit Stairway sizes larger than required
Arrangement of exits:
◦ Arranged to provide access for each occupant to not less than two exits by
separate ways of travel
Remoteness of means of egress
◦ Remotely located from each other and
◦ In accordance with NFPA101,§7.5.1.3.2, the minimum separation distance
between two exits is not less than one-third the length of the maximum overall
diagonal of the area served
Travel distance, common path of travel
◦ code compliant in accordance with NFPA101,§7.6.1
30
596-Culminating Project
Building egress time
32
596-Culminating Project
Goal:
◦ To demonstrate that occupants in the REC Center are protected against fire hazards
Objectives:
◦ To confirm that REC Center occupants are able to evacuate safely and timely (before
conditions become untenable) during a fire emergency
Performance Criteria:[Reference SFPE Handbook, 4th ed., Section 2-6]
◦ Visibility level: > 5 m [2 m above walking floor]
◦ Exposure to temperature: < 60 0C
◦ Exposure to toxic gases [CO concentration]: < 1200 ppm [30 min]
33
596-Culminating Project
Postulated Design Scenarios: 1st Floor
A concert fire in the main Gym
Floor mat fire in the martial
arts studio
Storage area fire
Laundry room fire
Administrative office fire
34
Postulated Design Fire Scenario: 2nd Floor
35
596-Culminating Project
ASET: Available Safe Egress Time: Time from ignition
until building becomes untenable. Determined using
FDS modeling
RSET: Required Safe Egress Time: Time needed by
occupants to evacuate from the building. Determined
using Pathfinder egress simulator:
◦ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
36
596-Culminating Project
Egress time assumptions:
◦ All building occupants start evacuation at same time
◦ Occupants use the exits in an optimum balance
◦ Occupant flow does not involve interruptions caused by evacuee decisions
◦ Occupants considered are free of physical and mobility impairments
37
596-Culminating Project
Design fire scenario 1: GYM Concert Fire
The following assumptions were made:
◦ 3900 people attending a recreation event
◦ An electric fault ignites:
Sound system equipment
Computer boards
◦ Fire blocks South-West doors
◦ No automatic fire suppression available
◦ Ultrafast fire – t2 fire
◦ Fuel properties
HRR = 3000 kW
[Estimated from SFPE HB, Chap 3-1]
Ys = 0.2 (Polyurethane)
[SFPE HB, Tb 3-4.16]
38
38
596-Culminating Project
RSET Time Analysis
Detection: Sprinkler activation time
DETACT prediction:
• Inputs: QRS; RTI= 50 (m.s)(0.5); Actuation Temperature=1550F
• Time of activation: 232 s (~4 min)
• Sprinkler activation time excessive due to high roof
• Manual pull device activation: 30 s
Alarm: Time of activation of Notification Appliances=10 s [NFPA72,§10.12.1]
Pre-movement: <3 min [SFPE-3rd edition, Table 3-13.1]
Travel: Determined using Pathfinder simulator
39
596-Culminating Project
Using Pathfinder:
40
596-Culminating Project
STEERING MODE: 5 MIN
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
◦ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ 5 ≅ 7 min
T < 3 [SFPE , 3rd edition, Table 3-13.1]
41
596-Culminating Project
FDS Output: Visibility @ 2 m above top seats (2nd floor)
42
596-Culminating Project
FDS Output: Visibility in 2nd floor
43
596-Culminating Project
FDS Output: Visibility above top seats (1st floor)
@time = 10 min
Visibility = 5 m
44
596-Culminating Project
FDS summary: @ 5 min on second floor
Visibility Carbon Monoxide Temperature
∆ = 5 min 7 min
Concert attendees on second floor are unable to evacuate safely before conditions
become untenable
Recommend:
Egress time on second floor needs to be improved
45
Design fire scenario 2: Fire under bleachers
Peak
HRR=800 kW
The following assumptions were made:
◦ Bleachers on ground floor retracted
◦ Bleachers on second floor 80 % full [926 people seated]
◦ Fire intentionally set: Gasoline spill under bleachers ignites:
HRR = 800 kW [NIST Spill Test]
Spill of 1000 mL
Ys = 0.1
◦ Fire blocks one exit double-door
◦ No automatic fire suppression
47
596-Culminating Project
Pathfinder simulation: Scenario 2
48
SFPE mode: 8 min
596-Culminating Project
Using Pathfinder:
Travel time: 8 min (SFPE mode)
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
◦ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ 8 ≅ 10 min
to be established as tminimum to reach either:
◦ Minimum visibility limit
◦ Maximum CO concentration (dose)
◦ Maximum temperature limit
49
596-Culminating Project
FDS Output: Temperature
@time = 10 min
Temperature = 600 C
50
@time = 5 min
Visibility = 5 m
51
596-Culminating Project
FDS summary: @ 5 min on second floor
Visibility Carbon Monoxide Temperature
∆ 5 min 10min
Event attendees are unable to evacuate safely before conditions become untenable
Recommend:
Administrative controls to be strictly enforced for second floor gymnasium occupancy
52
596-Culminating Project
Safety factor improvement: ASET vs RSET:
◦ Reduction of egress time from second floor gymnasiums
Training of personnel in emergency crowd management [Life safety management]
Regular fire safety awareness campaigns
53
596-Culminating Project
Thank you professors, thank you classmates, for your invaluable
support, assistance and knowledge imparted upon me
Thank you
54
596-Culminating Project