LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL

LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL

SUBMITTED BY: CAPACIO, LIANE FAE

BSN-4
SUBMITTED TO: PROF. SIOSON VIOLETA
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL

LESSON 1

I. HOW THE R.A. 1425 BECAME LAW.

Republic Act No. 1425, known as the ‘Rizal Law’. The full name of the law is “An Act to
Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities
Courses on the Life, Works and Writings of Jose Rizal, Particularly His Novels Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Authorizing the Printing and Distribution Thereof, and for
Other Purposes.” Proposed by Sen. Claro M. Recto.

Jose P. Laurel, a senator at the time who co-wrote the bill explained that because
Jose Rizal was the country's nationalist founder and had made a big contribution to the
current state of the nation, it is only appropriate that Filipinos, especially the youth, are
aware of and learn to internalize the noble principles for which the hero sacrificed his life.

The first section of the Rizal Law addresses the requirement that students read
Rizal's books. The second two parts focus on making Rizal's writings available to the
general public; they mandate that the works be published in important Philippine languages
and that schools have a sufficient number of copies in their libraries.
Rizal Law aims to accomplish the following goals:
-To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our
heroes lived and died
-To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino
character
-To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of Rizal’s life, works, and
writings.

There is a good reason why the legislation enforced the study of Jose Rizal's life, works,
and writings as a required academic subject. The course offers so many interesting
advantages that some modern academics claim it is more advantageous than many
disciplines in a variety of curricula, especially when taught properly.

II. REASON WHY JOSE RIZAL IS OUR FOREMOST HERO.

(5 Issues on the heroism of Jose Rizal)

Both Filipinos and Foreigners recognize Jose Rizal as Leading/ Foremost Hero.
WHY?
1. He is our greatest hero because he did an "admirable part" in the
Propaganda Campaign, which roughly spanned the years 1882 to 1896. He was a
towering figure in the movement;
2. Noli Me Tangere of Rizal, the Philippine Bill of 1902, contributed to the creation of the
Filipino Nationality.
3. No one could surpass Rizal as a “Person of distinguished valor/ enterprise in danger,
fortitude in suffering”. Rizal abandonment of his personal interests. He can be wealthy,
happy person because of his profession, but he preferred to live far from his family and
sacrifice his personal affections.
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL
4. He is a man of honored after his death by public worship, because of his
exceptional service in mankind. We can say that even before his execution, Rizal
was the already acclaimed by both Filipinos & foreigners as the foremost leader of his
people.
5. According to William Howard Taft, Rizal was a great Malayan, a hero of humanity and as
an apostle of freedom. Rizal used goodness to provide us freedom. Jose Rizal's supremely
silent yet effective fight for freedom led him achieve the honor of Philippine national hero.
Instead of using force or aggression, he chose to convey his love for the Philippines
through his novels, essays, and articles.

Who made Rizal the foremost hero of the Philippines? The answer is: no single person or groups
of persons were responsible for making the Greatest Malayan the No. 1 Hero of his people. Rizal
himself, his own people, & the foreigners all together contributed to make him the greatest hero &
martyr of his people. No amount of adulation & canonization by both Filipinos & foreigners could
convert Rizal into a great hero if he did not possess in himself what Palma calls "excellent
qualities & merits"

III. REACTION PAPER

A. Veneration without Understanding by Renato Constantino
After reading this article that written by Renato Constantino which focuses on issues
and controversies regarding Rizal's status as the people of the Philippines' national
hero. It reveals how little Filipinos know about Rizal and nationalism. In certain nations,
leading a revolution qualifies you as a national hero. In the Philippines, however, Rizal,
the national hero, renounced and was utterly opposed to the revolution. According
Renato Constantino, Rizal does not deserve to be our national hero because he was
not a member of the revolutionary movement, repudiated it, and was totally opposed to
it. This article makes me really doubt whether Rizal is a national hero, as well as
whether the information we were taught and read in school is accurate, and it made me
realize how little I know about the history of my own country and how much more there
is to being a Filipino than what modern society portrays. However, since we don't know
what actually happened during his period, it's likely that there’s a wrong speculation to
Rizal. We couldn't have specified him as a traitor without concrete evidence that Rizal
favored the Spanish. Rizal may not have supported the revolutionaries back then may
be because he prefers a peaceful resolution to the colonization of the Spaniards than a
bloody war. Rizal was still a hero to me; the fact that Dr. Jose Rizal's achievements
helped to reawaken the Filipino people makes him still worthy of being recognized as
our national hero. Every individual has a particular sort of strength, and Rizal used his
strength through his writings to awaken every Filipino who had been sleeping in fear
and fight for our rights. Revolutionaries battled the Spaniards with swords, but Rizal
fought them with his pen.
I have come to the conclusion that Jose Rizal is not the hero we think he is. Rizal is
a human being like everyone else who can experience harm, makes mistakes, is not
perfect, and is not as good as God. I was highly confident that Rizal had over the years
contributed the most significantly to our liberation. His works enlightened the thoughts,
visions, and consciousness of Filipinos in the past, present, and future. He did not want
to endanger other participants in a war that they genuinely believed they could not win. I
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL
sincerely appreciate Bonifacio and other revolutionary heroes for their courage in
I have concluded that
defying the Spanish and securing our independence.

B. Veneration with Understanding by Armando Malay

The author of this article, Armando Malay, criticizes Renato Constantino's paper,
"Veneration without Understanding," due to its intent to utilize these arguments to
diminish Rizal's standing as a national hero.
In this article, Armando Malay only attempts to address Renato Constantino's
inquiries regarding Rizal's status as the national hero of the Philippines. After reading
this, I felt as though some of my doubts had been resolved. Although I first agreed with
Prof. Constantino's argument since I found it to be fairly appealing, but I eventually
came to believe that Rizal truly deserved to be honored because of the amazing things
he accomplished that had a significant impact on Philippine history. Rizal is definitely
misunderstood, we all define heroism differently; perhaps your kind of hero must be
physically strong, perfect, or some other quality. But not all heroes are like that; Rizal
fought with his own strength through his writings and wielded his pen as a sword.
People admire Jose Rizal and look up to him because of his accomplishments and
noble character. I view Rizal in utmost respect because he is an undeniable national
hero, not because he is the so-called national hero. Both Rizal's priceless contributions
to literacy and Rizal himself are still very much alive in the majority of Filipinos' hearts
today. He exhibited true heroism. He is significant to all other Filipino heroes due to his
incomparability.

Both works are impressive and really quite educational about Philippine history. Since Rizal
opposed the 1896 revolution, according to critic Renato Constantino, he is ineligible to be
considered a national hero. He draws the conclusion from limited evidence that most national
heroes are revolutionaries. On the other hand, Armando Malay stated that Constantino could only
name seven revolutionary heroes who had become national heroes out of the 125 countries
represented on the United Nations roster. Constantino's standard for revolution leadership would
exclude heroes who decided to fight peacefully, such Indian Mahatma Gandhi, who did not lead a
revolution. According to Constantino, Rizal could not relate to the masses since he was not one of
them. So why is George Washington, the most notable revolutionary leader of the US and a native
of a nation of gentry, listed among them? Washington had extensive land holdings and even held
slaves. Constantino seemed to have an unclear, uneven viewpoint. Although Jose Rizal did not
lead or take part in the revolution, it is undeniable that he was the starting point. The Filipino
people were inspired by Rizal's works on literacy, and as a result of their coming together, they
underwent revolution. Armando Malay provides a compelling argument that refutes Renato
Constantino's assertion that "Total of achievements is a better criterion, and by this criteria, Rizal
stands head and shoulders above everyone." I agreed with him. I couldn't disagree with him since
he expressed it clearly. He responded to Renato Constantino's criticism that Rizal's status as a
national hero was supported by the United States. Armando Malay argued against it with facts.
Before the arrival of the Americans, he said, Jose Rizal had already gained honors from the
revolutionary government of the Philippines. The article adequately addressed all of Renato
Constantino's issues.
We all have different points of view, and there is nothing wrong with having our own opinion, and
in the end of the day we have freedom to choose what to believe.
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL

IV. 20 ITEM TEST ABOUT THIS LESSON

Choose the best answer.
1. It is an Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and
Universities Courses on the Life, Works and Writings of Jose Rizal, Particularly His Novels
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Authorizing the Printing and Distribution Thereof,
and for Other Purposes.
a.) R.A. 1925 c.) R.A 1045
b.) R.A. 1645 d.) R.A. 1425

2. It is the first section of the Rizal Law addresses the requirement that students should;
a.) Publish a book c.) Read a book
b.) Fight what is right d.) Participate in a group about Rizal

3. Who proposed the Rizal Law?

a. Dr. Jose Rizal c.) William H. Taft
b. Sen. Claro M. Recto d.) Andres Bonifacio

4. He was the country’s nationalist founder

a.) Dr. Jose Rizal c.) Jose P. Laurel
b.) Sen. Claro M. Recto d.) William H. Taft

5. Rizal Law aims to accomplish;

a.) To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our
heroes lived and died
b.) To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino
character
c.) To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of Rizal’s life, works, and
writings.
d.) All of the above

6. A book that contributed to the creation of the Filipino Nationality.

a.) Veneration without understanding
b.) Veneration with understanding
c.) El Filibusterismo
d.) Noli Me Tangere

7. Based on the idea of Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz and Dr. Alfredo Lagmay's criteria, the following
nine historical persons in Filipino history should be recognized as National Heroes, except;
a.) Jose P. Laurel c.) Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
b.) Melchora Aquino d.) Juan Luna

8. A better nation is desired by ______, their inspiring hopes enshrined in the love of country,
placing others above self as a servant leaders, and positively taking on their role in the
betterment of the nation.
a.) Dr. Jose Rizal c.) Illustrado
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL
b.) Andres Bonifacio d.) All Filipinos

9. The bill R.A 1425 was signed by who?

a.) Dr. Jose Rizal
b.) Former Pres. Ramon Magsaysay
c.) Former Pres. Fidel V. Ramos
d.) None of the above
10. Who made Rizal the foremost hero?
a.) Rizal Himself c.) The Foreigners
b.) His People d.) All of the above

11. When was signed the bill R.A 1425?

a.) June 12, 1856 c.) June 12, 1956
b.) July 12, 1956 d.) June 12, 1965

12-15.) from questions 12 to 15, CHOOSE THE CORRESPONDING ANSWER.

a.) Armando Malay c.) Renato Constantino e.) William H. Taft
b.) Dr. Jose Rizal d.) Marcelo H. Del Pilar

E 12.) According to him, Rizal was a great Malayan, a hero of humanity and as an apostle of
freedom.
C 13.) Veneration without Understanding was written by?
A 14.) He writes the Veneration with Understanding.
B 15.) He did not lead or take part in the revolution, because he fought on his own strength
without the use of violence.

16.) This article is about doubts and arguments about Rizal’s status as the National Hero of the
Philippines. –Veneration without Understanding
17.) According to Constantino, why Rizal does not deserve to be our National Hero?
-Because he did not lead or take part of the Revolutionary movement.
18.) This article aimed to answer whether Rizal should be considered a National Hero or not. –
Veneration with Understanding
19-20.) Two (2) minor themes have been put forward by Rizal’s made-in-the Philippines critics.
-1.) Rizal’s becoming the National Hero was the result of American sponsorship. 2.)
Rizal’s patriotic works, including his two novels, reflected his mestizo or ilustrado
background and were taken precisely to protect the interests of the ilustrado class.
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL
LESSON 2

I.TIMELINE EVENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL

II.EUROPE, SPAIN, AND PHILLIPINES CHANGES DURING 19TH CENTURY

Industrialism, democracy, and nationalism became more prominent during 19th century,
resulting in dramatic shifts in science, technology, economics, and politics. People were
driven by these changes to the highest forms of human prosperity and accomplishment.

ECONOMIC
 The Philippines was opened to foreign trade at the end of the 18th century which
resulted in the rapid rise of foreign firm in Manila. This stimulated agricultural
production and export of sugar, rice, hemp and tobacco.
 Opening of the Philippines to International Trade and Rise of Middle class.
 Influx of European Liberalism
 Opening of Suez Canal on November 17, 1869

SOCIAL
 Racial discrimination was widespread
 Justice biases the prosperous and dominant
 Social hierarchy is classified into three categories (highest class, middle class,
lowest class)
 The education system was criticized for its excessive emphasis on religion, teaching
strategies, constrained curriculum, lack of academic freedom, bias against Filipinos
in institutions of higher learning, and friar control over the system, all of which
contributed to the people's lack of confidence and inferiority complex. Nevertheless,
despite the numerous barriers to their education, some of them succeeded in their
areas, showing their capability.

POLITICAL
 Unstable colonial parliament and proclamation in Spain. Additionally, rampant
political abuse, fraud and incompetence.
 Filipinos became slaves were suffers of the prejudiced, oppressive, and
disintegrating sovereignty of Spain.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 Many scientific and medical advancements have improved human knowledge.
These discoveries increased man's lifespan and helped him live healthier lives.
 While Spain was reluctant to adopt scientific and technical advancements, it could
not avoid being affected by events in the rest of Europe and the rest of the globe for
very long.
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL

III.NATIONALISM, AND ITS FACTORS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILLIPINE

NATIONALISM THAT ENLIGHTEN THE FILIPINOS.
Nationalism is an ideology that stresses allegiance to a nation or nation-state and
maintains that these commitments take precedence over those of other people or groups.

FACTORS OF PHLLIPPINE NATIONALISM TO FILIPINOS

 Opening of the Philippines to international trade
 Rise of middle class
 Impact of European liberalism
 Racial prejudice
 Secularization controversy
 Liberal regime of Carlos Maria De la Torre
 Cavite mutiny and the execution of GomBurZa

IV. ROLE OF RIZAL AND ITS MEMBER IN THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

Rizal became known as the leader of Propaganda, a reformist movement that
relentlessly fought for political and social liberties while lobbying the government of the
Iberian Peninsula through its ties to liberal Spanish politicians. He continued to write for the
propaganda journal La Solidaridad, expecting, like his fellow propagandists, that the
authorities would take the pleas of the Filipino people into consideration. He wrote the two
novels in the hopes that they would help him achieve his objectives when all other methods
had failed, but they eventually caused him to die.
Other important Propagandists included Graciano Lopez Jaena, a noted orator and
pamphleteer who had left the islands for Spain in 1880 after the publication of his satirical
short novel, Fray Botod (Brother Fatso), an unflattering portrait of a provincial friar. In 1889
he established a biweekly newspaper in Barcelona, La Solidaridad (Solidarity), which
became the principal organ of the Propaganda Movement, having audiences both in Spain
and in the islands. Its contributors included Rizal; Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, an Austrian
geographer and ethnologist whom Rizal had met in Germany; and Marcelo H. Del Pilar, a
reformminded lawyer. Del Pilar was active in the antifriar movement in the islands until
obliged to flee to Spain in 1888, where he became editor of La Solidaridad and assumed
leadership of the Filipino community in Spain.
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL

V. 20 ITEM TEST ABOUT THIS LESSON

Write the correct answer.

1.) It indicate here that the Philippine archipelago was settled at least 30,000 years ago,
when migrations from the Indonesian archipelago and elsewhere are believed to have
occurred. –Early History

2.) A broad term for indigenous people with dark skin who came to the Philippines from the
Asian mainland around 25,000 years ago over a land bridge. –Negritos

3.) Characterized by a market economy and a merchandising middle class with greater
complexity, a landed aristocracy, and militaristic leadership. –Urban Civilization

4.) Seen as a redistributive economy in the hands of an aristocracy, a social ranking

system, corporate or kin ownership of land, and a theoretically oriented leadership. –Non
Urban Civilization

5.) It is an institution, and was one of the first native words the Spaniards learned in the
Philippines. –Barangay/Balangay

6.) A Portuguese-born leader of five Spanish ships, stumbled onto the islands in 1521 in his
search for the lucrative spices of the Indies. –Ferdinand Magellan

7.) Its objective was to bring all indios into Christian communities bajo de la campana
(under the church bells) and to accurately count the population to collect the tribute, the
combined goals of church and state carried out under friar supervision. –Reduccion

8.) The compulsory forty-day hard labor per year rendered by tribute payers to the state. –
Polo y Servecio

9.) During this period industrialism, democracy, and nationalism gained ascendancy and
triggered revolutionary changes in science, technology, economics, and politics. -19th
century

10.) Filipinos became slaves were suffers of the prejudiced, oppressive, and disintegrating
sovereignty of _____. –Spain

11.) An ideology that stresses allegiance to a nation or nation-state and maintains that
these commitments take precedence over those of other people or groups. –Nationalism

12.) An organization established to express the goal of the Propaganda Movement towards
achieving assimilation with Spain. –La Solidaridad

13.) A people or groups who creates propaganda or spread ideas, facts, and allegations. –
Propagandist
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL
Enumeration.
14-16.) Name the three (3) prominent Propagandists.
-Jose P. Rizal
-Marcelo H. Del Pilar
-Graciano Lopez Jaena

17-20.) Give at least four (4) factors of Philippine nationalism to Filipinos

-Any of these:
Opening of the Philippines to international trade
Rise of middle class
Impact of European liberalism
Racial prejudice
Secularization controversy
Liberal regime of Carlos Maria De la Torre
Cavite mutiny and the execution of GomBurZa
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL
LESSON 3

I.TWO (2) FILMS ABOUT LIFE OF RIZAL REACTION

A. FILM: JOSE RIZAL (1998)
The movie is about Jose Rizal's life, which was fraught with challenges that shaped him
into the man he became, and the Spanish government. Cesar Montano played Jose Rizal, the
main character in the movie. The movie shows Rizal being held captive and banished. He was put
in prison by the Spaniards for writing the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo and for
allegedly inciting a revolution. A series of recollections come to Rizal when he meets Taviel, the
Spanish soldier in charge of Rizal's case. Taviel discovered Rizal's virginity. But the friars who
served as the main characters in his books wanted Rizal dead. The film's highlights include the
trial scene when Rizal defends himself and the execution scene at Bagumbayan, but there are
other scenes that stand out to me. Rizal was a brother, friend, and son. He received care and
instruction to develop into a responsible person. His mother taught him a little Spanish before
enrolling him at a nearby school. He first encountered Spanish slurs there. He was sent to Europe
to study medicine since her mother had an eye ailment; this served as his motivation while he was
abroad. He had been motivated to perform well in school by his brother Paciano after witnessing
the severity of the Spaniards.
B.FILM: RIZAL SA DAPITAN (1997)
One of Dr. Jose Rizal's busiest periods occurred at Dapitan from June 17, 1892, and July
31, 1896. In the movie, Rizal seems to enjoy his quiet life in the province and is more concerned
with improving society and the welfare of the citizens. He was adored, admired, and looked up to
by the people of Dapitan. The kids were anxious to obey him, to learn from him, and to learn what
he had to teach them. His skills in the medical field during that prehistoric era, when there were
few tools and treatments, allowed him to treat patients for free because the majority of them were
underprivileged. He encourages education, advises youth, and engages in a number of other
tasks that advance and develop our civilization. His social activities, including the water and
lighting systems, were also very helpful to the community. He developed into a farmer, trader,
scientist, and inventor in Dapitan. Though there were still people who wanted to hurt Rizal, his life
was mostly going smoothly.
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL
II. RIZAL IN EUROPE (with Map)
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL
III. RIZAL IN DAPITAN

 As a result of his exile in Dapitan, Dr. Rizal had a great deal of freedom and opportunity to
live as a model citizen and better serve the Dapitan people. He built the renowned Linao
Spring, opened a school for boys in Talisay, and plotted the relief map of Mindanao at St.
 His work and life in Dapitan evaluate his practical nationalism.
 In Dapitan, Rizal put in a lot of work. He tilled the soil and planted a lot of fruit trees as well
as rice, corn, and abaca.
 He practiced his profession as physician and eye sorgeon.
 Constructed residential and little hospital houses.
 He also contributed to the public square's improvement. It provide nighttime lighting for the
streets.
 Rizal did not ignore his artistic skill when he was in Dapitan.\
 He was able to make use of a reliable collection of insects, butterflies, seashells, birds,
crustaceans, and reptiles. To the Ateneo and a few chosen European museums, he was
able to send these collections.

To merely a student like me, what Rizal accomplished in Dapitan is

incomprehensible. Rizal establishes a strong reputation both within and outside of his own
country. It only demonstrates Rizal's ability and intelligence. I've just realized that as a
student, all I can do for my country right now is to be a decent and obedient citizen, respect
the law, give the appropriate vote, and study diligently in my studies.
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL
IV. TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF RIZAL
The trial was so unbelievable. First, he was wrongfully executed at age 35. Andres Bonifacio,
one of Rizal's biggest followers, created the nationalist Filipino Society Katipunan and led the 1896
revolt, but not Rizal. In addition, Rizal's Liga Filipina called for nonviolent social transformation. In
fact, he did not support the Katipunan's brutal tactics. Even so, he was still arrested.
In 1882, while studying medicine in Europe, Rizal joined the Propaganda Movement and met
other Filipinos seeking reform. That and both Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo only drew the
attention of Spanish authorities. Through his writing, he met other Filipinos who shared his dream
for social improvement. However, Rizal's proposals still lacked independence. He only advocated
for the Philippines to be represented in the Cortes, the Spanish parliament, and for Filipinos to be
treated equally. He was then captured, tried, and executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896.

V. 20 ITEM TEST ABOUT THIS LESSON

1. The day Rizal born. –June 19, 1861
2. The family adopted the surname ________ to free the younger generation from the prejudices
that bothered those with a Chinese name. –Mercado
3. Rizal's maternal great grandfather, ________, a Chinese mestizo from Lingayen, Pangasinan,
was a lawyer. -Manuel de Quintos
4. She was a remarkable woman and Rizal’s mother. -Doña Teodora Alonso
5. Rizal first poem that he when he was only eight years old.-“Sa aking mga Kabata” (To my
fellow Children)
6. This entitled him to admission at Ateneo where he studied from 1872 to 1877 and obtained a
________ with the highest honors. –Bachelor of Arts degree
7. His first poem during this stage of his life was _____________, dedicated to his mother who
had just been released from prison for vindictive accusation without evidence. -Mi Primera
Inspiracion ("My First Inspiration")
8. He submitted his poem ___________, which won the first prize, a feather-shaped silver pen
decorated with a gold ribbon. -A la Juventud Filipina (“To the Filipino Youth")
9. He enrolled at the Central University of _________ for a licentiate in medicine and a degree in
philosophy and letters. –Madrid
10. Rizal wrote __________________ to show his countrymen the price they should be willing to
pay and the problems they would have to solve first before plunging the country into a revolution.
-El Filibusterismo
11. El Filibusterismo which he dedicated to _____________________as "victims of the evil I am
trying to fight." -Fathers Gomes, Burgos, and Zamora
12. Rizal thought of another scheme to address the problems of his country — the formation of a
civic association of patriotic Filipinos, he wrote ______________. -La Liga Filipina (Philippine
League).
LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL

13. Rizal arrived in _________ on the night of 17 July 1892. –Dapitan

14. Two months before the end of Rizal's exile, ____________ visited him to inform him about the
Katipunan and its revolutionary plans and to tell him that he was being considered for the
headship of the new nation. -Dr. Pio Valenzuela
15. Rizal was formally informed of the court's verdict: death on the early morning of___________.
-29 December 1896
16. The military physician who attended to him, took his pulse and found it normal. - Dr. Felipe
Ruiz y Castillo
17. They proclaimed the independence of the Philippines on ___________, established a
temporary government, drafted a republican constitution, and set up the First Republic of the
Philippines. Rizal's sacrifice was not in vain. -12 June 1898
18-20. Name at least three (3) European country or cities that Rizal traveled.
Any of these: -Spain
Madrid
Paris
Barcelona
Italy
France
Germany
Switzerland