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FINALS NTSP Reviewer
FINALS NTSP Reviewer
Risks Disaster
is the probability of harmful • A serious disruption of the functioning of a
consequences, or expected losses (deaths, community or a society causing widespread
injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity human, material, economic or environmental
disrupted or environment damaged) resulting losses that exceed the ability of the affected
from interactions between natural or community or society to cope using its own
human-induced hazards and vulnerable resources.
conditions.
Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability. • A disaster is a function of the risk process. It
results from the combination of hazards,
Vulnerability conditions of vulnerability and insufficient
● The conditions determined by physical, social, capacity or measures to reduce the potential
economic and environmental factors or negative consequences of risk.
processes, which increase the susceptibility of a
community to the impact of hazards. Classification of Disasters
The NDRRMP covers four thematic areas: • Of all the disasters, cyclones and the
1) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation accompanying landslides, storm surges and
2) Disaster Preparedness floods have caused the largest losses of life and
property (Huigen & Jens, 2006; Bankoff, 2003),
mostly because majority of the population is ▫ Local governments are not always aware of the
living within 60km from the coast. issues on climate change and disaster risks and
existing programs are not adequate or able to
• Based on vulnerability studies, the most cope with the scale of the need.
vulnerable regions to tropical cyclones in the
country are the National Capital Region (NCR), Four Key Roles and Opportunities for LGUs to
Southern Tagalog, Cagayan Valley, Central Reduce Reduction Risks
Luzon, the Cordillera Administrative Region, and Build awareness
Bicol Province (Cruz, et al., 2017). ● increase knowledge, understanding and
general awareness of the many issues about
• Visayas and Mindanao are likewise becoming disaster risk reduction
more at risk due to an increasing number of ● build capacity in the LGU with persons who
tropical cyclones entering the southern part of learn and teach others about DRR and climate
the country. change adaptation options
POST-EVENT
RESPONSE
The provision of emergency services or
public assistance during or immediately after a
disaster in order to save lives, reduce health
impacts, ensure public safety, and meet the basic
subsistence needs of the people affected.
Disaster response is predominantly focused on
immediate and short-term needs and is
sometimes called “disaster relief.”
Recovery
The restoration, and improvement, where
appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living
conditions of disaster affected communities,
including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.
The recovery task and rehabilitation and
reconstruction begins soon after the emergency
phase has ended, and should be based on
pre-existing strategies and policies that
facilitate clear institutional responsibilities for
recovery action and enable public participation.
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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
The NDRRMP covers four thematic areas It conveys a paradigm shift from reactive
to proactive DRRM wherein men and women have
1) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation increased their awareness and understanding of
DRRM, with the end in view of increasing people's
2) Disaster Preparedness resilience and decreasing their vulnerabilities.
The NDDRMP goals are to be achieved by
3) Disaster Response 2028 through 14 objectives, 24 outcomes, 56
outputs, and 93 activities. The 24 outcomes, with
4) Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery, their respective overall responsible agencies, are
-- the National Disaster Risk Reduction and summarized below.
Management Council (NDRRMC).
Thematic Area 1: Disaster Prevention and
Safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino Mitigation
communities towards sustainable development Overall responsible agency: Department of
Science and Technology (DOST)
DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
Avoid hazards and mitigate their potential
OUTCOME LEAD AGENCY(IES)
impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure
and enhancing capacities of communities. 1. DRRM and CCA Office of Civil Defense
mainstreamed and (OCD)
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS integrated in national,
sectoral, regional and
Establish and strengthen capacities of
local development
communities to anticipate, cope and recover policies, plans and
from the negative impacts of emergency budget
occurrences and disasters.
2. DRRM and Department of
CCA-sensitive Environment and
DISASTER RESPONSE
environmental Natural Resources
Provide life preservation and meet the basic
management (DENR)
subsistence needs of affected population based
on acceptable standards during or immediately 3. Increased resiliency Department of Public
after a disaster. of infrastructure Works and Highways
systems (DPWH)
DISASTER REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY
Restore and improve facilities, livelihood and
living conditions and organizational capacities of 4. Enhanced and OCD
affected communities, and reduced disaster risks
effective prompt assessment of Reduction and
community-based needs and damages Management Councils
scientific DRRM and at all levels (DRRMCs), OCD and
CCA assessment, DSWD
mapping, analysis and
monitoring
14. Integrated and Department of
5. Communities access Department of coordinated Search, National Defense
to effective and Finance (DOF) Rescue and Retrieval (DND), DILG,
applicable disaster (SRR) capacity Department of Health
risk financing and (DOH)
insurance
15. Safe and timely Local government
6. End-to-end Department of evacuation of affected units (LGUs)
monitoring Science and communities
(monitoring and Technology (DOST)
response), forecasting
and early warning 16. Temporary shelter DSWD
systems are needs adequately
established and/or addressed
improved
The urban poor are also often highly vulnerable CDRRMC Pasig
to natural hazards, partly due to rapid urban a. Established Mobile Palengke to the following
growth and lack of tenure which have forced areas: Brgy San Joaquin-All Villas (Ulilang
many to inhabit hazard- prone areas such as Kawayan), Brgy Bambang-Basketball Court, Brgy
flood plains, riverbanks, the coasts and on steep Sagad - E. Angeles St., near Brgy Hall, Brgy
slopes (Swiss NGO DRR Platform 2014) Rosario- Ramos Compound/Buenmar, East Bank
Road, and Brgy Sta. Lucia Tawi-Tawi, Brgy
Risk reduction and Preparedness Palatiw N. Cruz St., Corner Sandoval Avenue,
Brgy. Caniogan Pasig Bliss/ Col Licsi Street
Local Governments and Disaster Risk (Barracks), Brgy. Pineda Purok 3 MRR near Manila
Common disaster risk reduction issues for Water STP, and Brgy. San Miquel Damayan Dela
local governments have to do with not enforcing Paz. Phase 24
the implementation of building codes resulting in b. Received a donation from Caritas Manila thru
unsafe buildings, including schools, offices, Sto Nino Parish amounting to P400,000 worth of
houses, hospitals and public infrastructure. gift check for 1,000 families in Barangay Sto.
Niño.
Residents then become extremely vulnerable to c. Distributed food vouchers to families of public
the risk of injury and death from collapsing school students.
buildings, particularly in urban areas. d. Allocated financial assistance for market
vendors.
Local governments are not always aware of the
issues on climate change and disaster risks and
Definition of Terms response organizations, communities and
Crisis. individuals to anticipate and respond effectively
Is an event or series of events representing a to the impact of likely, imminent or current
critical threat to the health, safety, security or hazard events or condition.
wellbeing of a community, usually over a wide
area. Relief / Response
Armed conflicts, epidemics, famine, natural Relief / Response: The provision of assistance or
disasters, environmental emergencies and other intervention during or immediately after a
major harmful events may involve or lead to a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic
humanitarian crisis. subsistence needs of those people affected.
Disaster Resilience
A serious disruption of the functioning of a The capacity to absorb stress or destructive
community or a society causing widespread forces through resistance or adaptation; to
human, material, economic or environmental manage or maintain certain basic functions and
losses that exceed the ability of the affected structures during disastrous events; and to
community or society to cope using its own recover or "bounce back” after an event.
resources.
A disaster is a function of the risk process. It Contingency planning
results from the combination of hazards, a management tool used to analyze the
conditions of vulnerability and insufficient impact of potential crises so that adequate and
capacity or measures to reduce the potential appropriate arrangements are made in advance
negative consequences of risk. to respond in a timely, effective and appropriate
Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological way to the needs of affected populations.
disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of a tool to anticipate and solve problems
health and health services on a scale sufficient to that typically arise during a humanitarian
warrant an extraordinary response from outside response.
the affected community or area.
Emergency
A sudden occurrence demanding immediate
action that may be due to epidemics, to natural,
to technological catastrophes to strife or to other
man- made causes
Vulnerability
The conditions determined by physical, social,
economic and environmental factors or
processes, which increase the susceptibility of a
community to the impact of hazards.
The degree to which a population or an individual
is unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and
recover from the impact of a disaster.
Hazard
Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause
disruption or damage to people and their
environment.
Risk
The probability of harmful consequences, or
expected losses (deaths, injuries, property,
livelihood, economic activity disrupted or
environment damaged) resulting from
interactions between natural or human-induced
hazards and vulnerabilities.
Preparedness
Preparedness: The capacities and knowledge
developed by governments, professional
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND PROTECTION
WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?
• The systems that sustain all life on Earth, • Tamaraws are endemic forest buffalo found only
including human life, are dependent on biodiversity on the island of Mindoro in the Philippines.
to function properly. Numbering only about 600, they are considered
• It is the resource upon which families, critically-endangered by the IUCN. Only around
communities, nations and future generations 600 tamaraw are left worldwide, most found in four
depend. isolated areas in Mindoro.