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Data Base Vs Data Ware House
Data Base Vs Data Ware House
for
processing the information and give desired results to the user.
The major differences between the Databases and Data Warehouses are as follows:-
Data It mainly stores the Current data It usually stores the Historical data
which always guaranteed to be up- whose accuracy is maintained over
to-date. time.
User The common users are clerk, DBA, The common users are knowledge
database professional. worker (e.g., manager, executive,
analyst)
Unit of work Its work consists of short and simple The operations on it consists of
transaction. complex queries..
Summarization The data is primitive and highly The data is summarized and in
detailed. consolidated form.
View The view of the data is flat The view of the data is
relational. multidimensional.
Access The most frequent type of access It mostly use the read access for the
type is read/write. stored data.
Operations The main operation is index/hash on For any operation it needs a lot of
primary key. scans.
Based on these differences, we can say that the Database is suitable for the traditional type of data
storage technique in which the importance is given to the transactional processing, while the Data
Warehouse is a modern form of data storage technique which is used for processing huge amount of
data to extract useful information from it.
Data base
The one tool designed to make transactional systems run efficiently. Typically, this type of database is an
OLTP (online transaction processing) database. An electronic health record (EHR) system is a great
example of an application that runs on an OLTP database. In fact, an OLTP database is typically
constrained to a single application.
Data warehouse
The important fact is that a transactional database doesn’t lend itself to analytics. To effectively perform
analytics, you need a data warehouse. A data warehouse is a database of a different kind: an OLAP
(online analytical processing) database. A data warehouse exists as a layer on top of another database or
databases (usually OLTP databases). The data warehouse takes the data from all these databases and
creates a layer optimized for and dedicated to analytics.
A database designed to handle transactions isn’t designed to handle analytics. It isn’t structured to do
analytics well. A data warehouse, on the other hand, is structured to make analytics fast and easy
Similarities : Both OLTP and OLAP systems store and manage data in the form of tables, columns,
indexes, keys, views, and data types. Both use SQL to query the data.
How used : Database: Typically constrained to a single application: one application equals one
database. An EHR is a prime example of a healthcare application that runs on an OLTP database. OLTP
allows for quick real-time transactional processing. It is built for speed and to quickly record one
targeted process (ex: patient admission date and time). The database is directly linked to the front end
application.Data is available in real time to serve the here-and-now needs of the organization.
Data Warehouse: Accommodates data storage for any number of applications: one data warehouse
equals infinite applications and infinite databases.OLAP allows for one source of truth for an
organization’s data. This source of truth is used to guide analysis and decision-making within an
organization (ex: total patients over age 18 who have been readmitted, by department and by month).
Interestingly enough, complex queries like the one just described are much more difficult to handle in an
OLTP database.
With OLAP databases, SLAs are more flexible because occasional downtime for data loads is expected.
The OLAP database is separated from frontend applications, which allows it to be scalable.Data is
refreshed from source systems as needed (typically this refresh occurs every 24 hours). It serves
historical trend analysis and business decisions.
Database
Used for Online Transactional Processing (OLTP) but can be used for other purposes such as
Data Warehousing. This records the data from the user for history.
The tables and joins are complex since they are normalized (for RDMS). This is done to reduce
redundant data and to save storage space.
Entity – Relational modeling techniques are used for RDMS database design.
Optimized for write operation.
Performance is low for analysis queries.
Data Warehouse
Used for Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). This reads the historical data for the Users for
business decisions.
The Tables and joins are simple since they are de-normalized. This is done to reduce the
response time for analytical queries.
Data – Modeling techniques are used for the Data Warehouse design.
Optimized for read operations.
High performance for analytical queries.
Is usually a Database.
Although DBMS and RDBMS both are used to store information in physical database but there are some
remarkable differences between them.
The main differences between DBMS and RDBMS are given below:
2) In DBMS, data is generally stored in either a In RDBMS, the tables have an identifier called primary
hierarchical form or a navigational form. values are stored in the form of tables.
4) DBMS does not apply any security with regards to RDBMS defines the integrity constraint for the purpos
data manipulation. (Atomocity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability) prop
5) DBMS uses file system to store data, so there will in RDBMS, data values are stored in the form of tables,
be no relation between the tables. arelationship between these data values will be stored
table as well.
6) DBMS has to provide some uniform methods to RDBMS system supports a tabular structure of the data
access the stored information. between them to access the stored information.
After observing the differences between DBMS and RDBMS, you can say that RDBMS is an extension of
DBMS. There are many software products in the market today who are compatible for both DBMS and
RDBMS. Means today a RDBMS application is DBMS application and vice-versa.
So what is the main difference between DBMS and RDBMS? The key difference is that RDBMS
(relational database management system) applications store data in a tabular form, while DBMS
applications store data as files. Does that mean there are no tables in a DBMS? There can be, but
there will be no “relation” between the tables, like in a RDBMS. In DBMS, data is generally stored in
either a hierarchical form or a navigational form. This means that a single data unit will have one
parent node and zero, one or more children nodes. It may even be stored in a graph form, which can
be seen in the network model.
In a RDBMS, the tables will have an identifier called primary key. Data values will be stored in the form
of tables. The relationships between these data values will be stored in the form of a table as well.
Every value stored in the relational database is accessible. This value can be updated by the system.
The data in this system is also physically and logically independent.
You can say that a RDBMS is an in an extension of a DBMS, even if there are many differences
between the two. Most software products in the market today are both DBMS and RDBMS compliant.
Essentially, they can maintain databases in a (relational) tabular form as well as a file form, or both.
This means that today a RDBMS application is a DBMS application, and vice versa. However, there are
still major differences between a relational database system for storing data and a plain database
system.
Data Base Management system is a collection of software programs used to store and manage and
retrive data.
DBMS is mainly a storage area and it does not employ any tables for storing the data or does not
use any special function keys or foreign keys for the retrieval of the data.
DBMS does not support client/server Architecture
DBMS Doesnot follow the normalization.
It requires low Software and Hardware Requirements.
It treats Data as Files internally
It supports Single User only
DBMS is used for simpler business applications
ACID properties of database must be implemented by the user or the developer.
Data Base Management system is a collection of software programs used to store and manage and
retrive data.
DBMS is mainly a storage area and it does not employ any tables for storing the data or does not
use any special function keys or foreign keys for the retrieval of the data.
DBMS does not support client/server Architecture
DBMS Doesnot follow the normalization.
It requires low Software and Hardware Requirements.
It treats Data as Files internally
It supports Single User only
DBMS is used for simpler business applications
ACID properties of database must be implemented by the user or the developer.
Normalization
Normalization involves decomposing a table into less redundant (and smaller) tables without losing
information; defining foreign keys in the old table referencing the primary keysof the new ones. The
objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of an attribute can be made in
just one table and then propagated through the rest of the database using the defined foreign keys.
A typical example of normalization is that an entity's unique ID is stored everywhere in the system but
its name is held in only one table. The name can be updated more easily in one row of one table. A
typical update in such an example would be the RIM company changing its name to BlackBerry. [5] That
update would be done in one place and immediately the correct "BlackBerry" name would be displayed
throughout the system.
If a database design is not perfect, it may contain anomalies, which are like a bad dream for any
database administrator. Managing a database with anomalies is next to impossible.
Update anomalies − If data items are scattered and are not linked to each other properly, then
it could lead to strange situations. For example, when we try to update one data item having its
copies scattered over several places, a few instances get updated properly while a few others
are left with old values. Such instances leave the database in an inconsistent state.
Deletion anomalies − We tried to delete a record, but parts of it was left undeleted because of
unawareness, the data is also saved somewhere else.
Insert anomalies − We tried to insert data in a record that does not exist at all.
Normalization is a method to remove all these anomalies and bring the database to a consistent state.
Each attribute must contain only a single value from its pre-defined domain.
Prime attribute − An attribute, which is a part of the prime-key, is known as a prime attribute.
Non-prime attribute − An attribute, which is not a part of the prime-key, is said to be a non-
prime attribute.
If we follow second normal form, then every non-prime attribute should be fully functionally
dependent on prime key attribute. That is, if X → A holds, then there should not be any proper subset Y
of X, for which Y → A also holds true.
We see here in Student_Project relation that the prime key attributes are Stu_ID and Proj_ID.
According to the rule, non-key attributes, i.e. Stu_Name and Proj_Name must be dependent upon both
and not on any of the prime key attribute individually. But we find that Stu_Name can be identified by
Stu_ID and Proj_Name can be identified by Proj_ID independently. This is called partial dependency,
which is not allowed in Second Normal Form.
We broke the relation in two as depicted in the above picture. So there exists no partial dependency.
To bring this relation into third normal form, we break the relation into two relations as follows −
and
Zip → City
What is SQL
1. What is SQL?
2. Why SQL is required?
3. What SQL does?
All DBMS like MySQL, Oracle, MS Access, Sybase, Informix, Postgres and SQL Server use SQL as
standard database language.
• The term 'database' has many interpretations – one definition is that database is a 'collection
of persistent data‘.
• A relational database is one in which the data consists of a 'collection of tables related to each
other through common values‘.
• A relational database management system (RDBMS) uses matching values in multiple tables to
relate the information in one table with the information in the other table.
http://1000projects.org/database-introduction-sql-server-tutorial.html
RDBMS=DBMS+Refrential Integrity
RDBMS a relation data base management system and RDBMS is two table joining the relation
RDBMS has the major difference of solving the queries easily, as they are stored in table format
and use many functional keys in solving the queries.
RDBMS support client/server Architecture
RDBMS follows the normalization
It supports multiple users
It treats data as Tables internally
RDBMS allows simultaneous access of users to data tables.
RDBMS imposes integrity constraints.
ACID properties of the database are defined in the integrity constraints
It is based on Relational algebra i. e. mathematical theory of relations.
It is used to create a database object (Ex: table), alter the structure of an object and to delete
the object from server.
Database objects represents: Tables, views, synonyms, indexes, stored procedures, functions,
Triggers..
Use these statements to create, alter, drop and truncate data structures in an instance of SQL
Server.
Note: incase if we want to insert data to particular columns instead of inserting against all the
columns, we have to place single quote. In the above table we are not updated the data against
location column.
INSERTING NULL VALUES:
FAQ: What is the difference between SP_Help <Tablename> and Select * from Table name?
This DML command is used to insert new rows into existing table in 3 ways.
Inserting one row at a time in one table
Inserting multiple rows at a time in one table
Inserting multiple rows at a time in multiple tables
In the above case price of ABC company updated with 50 in place of 15.
Q. Write a Query to update SECTOR & QUANTITY of BCD Company with STEEL & 250
update Sales set sector = 'Steel', Quantity = 250 where company = 'BCD'
(iii) Delete Command:
It removes existing rows from a table, the space for the records remain.
This command is used to remove all records (or) particular records from existing table
object.
User can rollback (undo) these records