WHAT IS YOGA?

Q.1. What is Yoga?

Ans:
Yoga is that which joins (Yujate anena iti yogaha)
Union (Yuj) of
o Body-Emotions-Mind
o Jiva-Atman
A state of mastery over the senses and mind (Kathopanishad)
Stilling the whirlpools (modifications) of the mind stuff (Yogah chitta
vritti nirodhah)-Yogamaharishi Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras
Skill in action (Yogah karmasu koushalam) - Yogeshwar Sri
Krishna in Srimad Bhagavad Gita
Equanimity of mind (Samatvam yogah uchyate) - Yogeshwar Sri
Krishna in Srimad Bhagavad Gita
A skillful and subtle process to calm down the mind (Yoga Vashistha)
Dis-association from the union with pain (Duhkha samyoga
viyogam yoga sangnitam) - Yogeshwar Sri Krishna in Srimad
Bhagavad Gita
“Yoga is said to be the oneness of breath, mind, and senses, and
the abandonment of all states of existence.”—Maitri Upanishad
“Yoga is the union of the individual psyche (Jivatman) with the
transcendental Self (Paramatman). “—Yoga Yajnavalkya
“Yoga is said to be the unification of the web of dualities (Dvandva
Jaala).”—Yoga Bija
“Yoga is said to be control.”—Brahmaanda Purana
“Yoga is the separation (Viyoga) of the Self from the World-Ground
(Prakrithi).”—Raja Maartanda
“Yoga is said to be the unity of exhalation and inhalation and of
blood and semen, as well as the union of sun and moon and of
the individual psyche with the transcendental Self.” — Yoga Shikha
Upanishad.
2

Q.2. List some definitions of Yoga as given by Yogamaharishi Dr.

Swami Gitananda Giri.
Ans:
Science of right - useness (righteousness).
Conscious evolution.
A technology for spiritual development
Mother of all science
The path of moderation.
The true art of living.
A way of life.
Science and art of mastering the mind
Four (five) fold awareness.
o Awareness of body
o Awareness of emotions o
Awareness of mind
o Awareness of awareness itself
o Awareness of how unaware we are!

Q.3. What does Yogeshwar Sri Krishna say to be the mark of a Yogi?
Ans:
Yatahi nendriyartheshu na karmasu anushajatey sarva sankalpa
samniyasi yogaroodh tada uchyate
(Then alone is one said to have attained to Yoga when, having
renounced all desires, one does not get attached to the sense objects
and actions.”—B.G.VI-4)

Q.4. Name the Yogas of Patanjali, Goraksha, Swatmarama and Gheranda

as well as those mentioned in Amrtanadopanishad and
Yogacudamani Upanishad?
Ans:
Patanjali – Ashtanga Yoga (eight limbs)
Goraksha – Shadanga Yoga (six limbs)
Swatmarama – Chaturanga Yoga (four limbs)
Gheranda – Saptanga Yoga (seven limbs)
Amrtanadopanishad – Shadanga Yoga (six limbs)
Yogachudamani Upanishad – Shadanga Yoga (six limbs)
 YOGIC PRAYERS

Q.1. Render a few important Yogic prayers with their meaning?

Ans:
Aum. Sahanavavatu Sahanau Bhunaktu Sahaviryamkaravavahai
Tejasvinavadhitamastu Ma Vidvisavahai Aum. Shanti Shanti
Shanti. Aum.
“May he protect us both, May he nourish us both. May we both work
together with great energy. May our study be enlightening and fruitful.
May we never hate each other. Om Peace Peace Peace.”

Aum. Yogena Cittasya Padena Vacham

Malam Sarirasya Ca Vaidyakena
Yopakarottam Pravaram Muninam
Patanjalim Pranjaliranato Asmi. Aum.
“I offer my salutations with folded hands to Patanjali, the renowned
among the sages, who removed the impurity of mind through Yoga, of
the speech by Grammar and of the body by Ayurveda.”

Aum. Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah Sarve Santu Niramayah

Sarve Bhadrani Pasyantu Ma Kascit Duhkhabhagbhavet
Aum. Shanti Shanti Shanti. Aum.
“Let all become happy; let all remain free from unhappiness; Let all
acquire goodness; let nobody become recipients of misery. - Om Peace
Peace Peace”.

Q.2. Render the Guru Gayatri of the Rishiculture Ashtanga Yoga

Paramparai.
Ans:
Aum. Tat Paramparyaya Vidmahe
Jnana Lingeshwaraya Dhimahi
Thanno Guru Prachodayat. Aum.
” I am aware of the great lineage that is represented by the lingam of
wisdom. I meditate upon that source of wisdom. May it illumine my entire
being”.
8

Q.3. Give the twelve names of the Sun in Mantric form?

Ans:

Om Hram Mitraya Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Friend of All’)

Om Hrim Ravaye Namaha (Adoration to the ‘One praised by All’)
Om Hrum Suryaya Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Guide of All’)
Om Hraim Bhanave Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Bestower of Beauty’)
Om Hroum Khagaya Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Stimulator of Senses’)
Om Hrah Pushne Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Nourisher of Life’)
Om Hram Hiranyagarbhaya Namaha (Adoration to ‘Promoter of Virility’)
Om Hrim Marichaye Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Destroyer of Disease’)
Om Hrum Adityaya Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Inspirator of Love’)
Om Hraim Savitre Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Begetter of Life’)
Om Hroum Arkaya Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Inspirator of Awe’)
Om Hrah Bhaskaraya Namaha (Adoration to the ‘Effulgent One’)
 WHAT IS ASHTANGA YOGA?

Q.1. Who codified Ashtanga Yoga?

Ans: Maharishi Patanjali.

Q.2. When did he compose the Yoga Sutras?

Ans: More than 2500-3000 years ago.

Q.3. How many limbs are there in Ashtanga Yoga? Ans:

Eight

Q.4. What are the limbs of Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga?

Ans:
Yama - Moral Restraints
Niyama - Evolutionary Observances
Asana - Steady Posture
Pranayama - Energy/Breath Control
Pratyahara - Sensory Withdrawal
Dharana - Single Minded Concentration
Dhyana - Meditative State
Samadhi - State of Complete Oneness.

Q.5. How are the eight limbs divided?

Ans:
Adhikara Yoga - Yama, Niyama
Kriya Yoga - Tapas, Swadhyaya, Ishwara / Atman Pranidhana
Bahiranga - Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama,
(+/-Pratyahara)
Antaranga - Dharana, Dhyana, Samadhi, (+/-Pratyahara)
Samyama - Dharana, Dhyana, Samadhi

Q.6. What are the other names of Ashtanga Yoga?

Ans:
Raja Yoga, Patanjala Yoga or Yoga Darshana.
 YAMA AND NIYAMA

Q.1. What are the Pancha Yamas (five moral restraints) ?

Ans:
Ahimsa - Non-Violence
Satya - Truthfulness
Asteya - Non Stealing
Brahmacharya - Controlling the Creative Principle
Aparigraha - Non Covetedness

Q.2. What are the Pancha Niyamas (five evolutionary observances)?

Ans:
Saucha - Cleanliness
Santosha - Contentment
Tapas - Austerity or Discipline
Swadhyaya - Self-Knowledge or Self Analysis
Ishwara or Atman
Pranidhana - Surrender to Divine/Atman

Q.3. What are the fruits of perfection in Ahimsa?

Ans: There is no hostility in his presence

Q.4. What are the fruits of perfection in Satya?

Ans: Whatever he utters will come true

Q.5. What are the fruits of perfection in Asteya?

Ans: All the riches will flow towards him

Q.6. What are the fruits of perfection in Brahmacharya? Ans:

Great valour is gained and fear of death is lost

Q.7. What are the fruits of perfection in Aparigraha?

Ans:
Knowledge of previous births and future births as well.
12

Q.8. What are the fruits of perfection in Soucha?

Ans:
Indifference towards the body and non-attachment as well as fitness
for cheerfulness, one pointedness, sense control and vision of the self

Q.9. What are the fruits of perfection in Santosha?

Ans: Unexcelled happiness

Q.10.What are the fruits of perfection in Tapas?

Ans:
Impurities are destroyed and the body and sense organs attain perfection.

Q.11.What are the fruits of perfection in Swadhyaya?

Ans: Union with the desired deity

Q.12.What are the fruits of perfection in Ishwara Pranidhana? Ans:

Samadhi is attained
Q.13.In which verses of the Yoga Sutras does, Patanjali mention the
powers gained by perfection in the Yamas and Niyamas? Ans:

The Siddhis or powers gained through perfection in the various aspects

of Adhikara Yoga are stated by Maharishi Patanjali in Sutras 35 to 45 of
the Sadhana Pada in the Yoga Sutras.

The Niyamas
 WHAT IS ASANA?

Q.1. How does Patanjali define an Asana?

Ans:
Sthira sukham asanam
(Asana is a posture held firm with comfort)

Q.2. How many Asanas are said to exist?

Ans: 84,00,000

Q.3. According to Hatha Pradipika, which are the four most important
Asanas?

Ans: Siddhasana, Padmasana, Simhasana, and Bhadrasana

Q.4. According to Hatha Pradipika, which is the most important Asana?

Ans: Siddhasana

Q.5. What are the classical Asanas mentioned in Hatha Pradipika?

Ans:
Siddhasana, Padmasana, Simhasana, Bhadrasana, Swastikasana,
Gomukasana, Veerasana, Kurmasana, Kukkutasana, Uttana
Kukkutasana, Dhanurasana, Matsyasana, Paschima Tanasana,
Mayurasana, Shavasana

Q.6. What are the classical Asanas mentioned in Gheranda Samhita?

Ans:
Siddhasana, Padmasana, Bhadrasana, Muktasana, Vajrasana,
Swastikasana, Simhasana, Gomukasana, Veerasana, Dhanurasana,
Mritasana, Guptasana, Matsyasana, Matsendrasana, Gorakshasana,
Paschimottanasana, Utkatasana, Sankatasana, Mayurasana,
Kukkutasana, Kurmasana, Uttana Mandukasana, Uttana Kurmakasana,
Vrikshasana, Mandukasana, Garudasana, Vrishasana, Shalabhasana,
Makarasana, Ushtrasana, Bhujangasana, Yogasana.
 WHAT IS ASANA? 17

(72) Baddha Paksheshwara Asana- Garuda posture

(73) Vicitra Asana- lovely/variegated posture
(74) Nalina Asana- day lotus (Nebumbium Speciousum) posture
(75) Kaanta Asana- beloved posture
(76) Shuddha Pakshi Asana- pure bird posture
(77) Sumandaka Asana- very slow/gradual posture
(78) Caurangi Asana- Caurangi Siddha’s posture
(79) Krouncha Asana- heron posture
(80) Dridha Asana- firm posture
(81) Khaga Asana- crow posture
(82) Brahma Asana- Brahma’s posture
(83) Naaga Peetha Asana- serpent seat posture
(84) Shava Asana- corpse posture
 Two roads diverge, one leading to Cosmic Consciousness,
upwards, marked by many positive qualities,
the other leading downward, to self- indulgence and self-
absorption, marked by negative characteristics.
Every human being must choose the path he/she wishes to take
- upwards to evolution, or downwards, to devolution.

THE CHOICE IS ULTIMATELY YOURS!

 WHAT IS PRANAYAMA?

Q.1. How does Patanjali define Pranayama in the Yoga Sutras?

Ans:
Tasmin sati shvasa prashvasayor gati vichhedah pranayamah (Asana
having been completed, cessation of inhalation and exhalation “Kevala
Kumbaka” is Pranayama).

Q.2. What are the benefits of Pranayama according to Patanjali?

Ans:
Tatah kshiyate prakashah aavaranam.
(Thereby the covering of inner light disappears).

Dharanasu cha yogyataa manasah.

(The mind attains the necessary fitness for the higher practices
such as concentration).

Q.3. What are the eight classical Kumbhakas (Pranayamas) according

to Hatha Pradipika?

Ans:
Surya Bhedana - Sun Cleaving Breath
Ujjayi - The Victorious Breath
Sitkari - Hissing Breath (Cooling Breath)
Sheetali - Beak Tongue Breath (Icing Breath)
Bhastrika - Bellows Breath
Bhramari - Sound of Bee Breath
Murccha - Fainting or Swooning Breath
Plavini - Floating Breath

Q.4. What are the Pancha Prana Vayus (Five Major Airs)

Ans:
“Hridi Prano Gude Apanah, Samano Nabhi Mandaley, Udanah Kantha
Desastho, Vyanah Sarva Shariragah” - Shiva Samhita
Prana ( Heart region), Apana (Anal region), Samana (Navel), Udana
(Throat) and Vyana (Pervades entire body).
 HATHA YOGA

Q.1. What is a Hatha Yoga?

Ans:
It is the physical science of balancing the opposite energies in the body.
HA refers to the solar/masculine/positive energy and THA to the
lunar/feminine/negative energy. Asanas, Pranayamas, Kriyas, Surya
Namaskar, Mudras and Bandhas are techniques included in Hatha
Yoga.

Q.2. What is a Mudra?

Ans:
A gesture that creates a seal for energy and promotes neuromuscular
coordination.

Q.3. Which is the most important Mudra?

Ans: Kechari Mudra (Hatha Pradipika).

Q.4. What is a Bandha?

Ans:
Neuromuscular lock for energy useful in Pranayama Sadhana.

Q.5. What are the benefits of Bandhas and Mudras?

Ans:
These are advanced techniques to culture emotions and still the mind.
They improve neuromuscular coordination and are useful in Pranayama
Sadhana.

Q.6. What are the classical Mudras mentioned in Gheranda Samhita?

Ans:
Maha Mudra, Nabho Mudra, Uddiyana Bandha, Jalandhara Bandha,
Moola Bandha, Maha Bandha, Maha Vedha, Kechari Mudra, Viparita
Karani, Yoni Mudra, Vajroli Mudra, Saktichalani, Tadagi Mudra,
Manduki Mudra, Sambhavi Mudra, Pancha Dharana, Aswini Mudra,
Pasini Mudra, Kaki Mudra, Matangi Mudra, Bhujangini Mudra.
THE CHAKRAS
 WHAT ARE THE CHAKRAS?

Q.1. What are Chakras?

Ans:
Vortices of Pranic energy located along the pathway of Sushumna Nadi.
Chakras are primarily a Tantric concept. They are usually depicted as
lotuses.
Q.2. How many Chakras are there?
Ans:
There are seven major Chakras. (Six lower Chakras plus Sahasrara).
According to the teachings of Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri there are six
lower (pinda) and six higher (anda) Chakras making a total of 12
Chakras. The Shiva Agamas also mention Dwadashantha in relation to
Chakras. Many more minor Chakras are situated at vital junctions of the
body.
Q.3. Where are the Chakras located?
Ans:
They are located in the psychic or energy body (Pranamaya Kosha or
Sukshma Sharira). They are related to major nerve plexi and endocrine
glands present in the physical body (Annamaya Kosha). They are
connected to a network of psychic channels (Nadis). They are fully
manifest in the Anandamaya Kosha (Karana Sharira)

Q.4. In which Chakra is Kundalini said to reside?

Ans: Mooladhara Chakra

Q.5. Which book is considered the authority on Chakras?

Ans: Shat Chakra Nirupana

Q.6. Name the paths of Yoga that are related to Chakras.

Ans: Kundalini Yoga and Laya Yoga.
 NATURE OF MAN
Q.1. What are the Pancha Koshas (The Five Sheaths)?

Ans:
Annamaya Kosha - Physical Sheath
Pranamaya Kosha - Energy Sheath
Manomaya Kosha - Mind Sheath
Vijnanamaya Kosha - Sheath of Intellect
Anandamaya Kosha - Sheath of Eternal Bliss

Q.2. How to correlate the Pancha Koshas with the three Sharira?

Ans:
Sthula Sharira - Annamaya Kosha
Sukshma Sharira - Pranamaya, Manomaya and
Vijnanamaya Koshas
Karana Sharira - Anandamaya Kosha

PANCHA KOSHA IN PERFECT ALIGNMENT

HIGHER
POWER

ANNAMAYA KOSHA
(Physical Body)
PRANAMAYA KOSHA
(Vital Body)
ANANDAMAYA KOSHA (Bliss Body) MANOMAYA KOSHA
(Mind Body)
VIJNANAMAYA KOSHA (Wisdom Body)
42

Q.3. What are the Chaturvidha Purusharthas?

Ans:
Dharma - Righteousness or Righteous Living
Artha - Worldly Success or Material Prosperity
Kama - Sensory Fulfilment or Emotional Prosperity
Moksha - Spiritual Fulfilment or Spiritual Prosperity

Q.4. What are the Karmendriyas (senses of action)?

Ans:
Pada - Locomotion (Feet)
Pani - Dexterity (Hands)
Payu - Excretion (Rectum
Upastha - Reproduction (Genitals)
Vaak - Speech (Mouth)

Q.5. What are the Jnanendriyas (sense organs) and related Tanmatras
(subtle elements)?
Ans:
Shotra - Ears - Hearing (Shabda)
Chakshu - Eyes - Sight (Rupa)
Grahna - Nose - Smell (Gandha)
Jihva - Tongue - Taste (Rasana)
Tvak. - Skin - Cutaneous Sense (Sparsha)

YOGA IS HARNESSING THE SENSES

 NATURE OF MAN 43

Q.6. Name the three bodies (Sharira) of man?

Ans:
Sthula Sharira - The Gross Body
Sukshma Sharira - The Subtle Body
Karana or Linga Sharira - The Causal Body

Q.7. What are the three Gunas (Trigunas)?

Ans:
Sattva - Principle of Luminosity and Wisdom
Rajas - Principle of Activity and Passion
Tamas - Principle of Inertia and Darkness

Q.8. What is the state beyond the three Gunas?

Ans: Nirguna

Q.9. What are the Sapta Dhatus (Seven Substances that make up the
Human Body)?
Ans:
Rasa (Chyle), Rakta (Blood), Maamsa (Flesh), Medas (Fat), Asthi
(Bone), Majja (Marrow), Sukra (Semen)

Q.10.What are the Tri Doshas (The Three Humors)?

Ans:
Vata - Wind
Pitta - Bile
Kapha or Kleshma - Phlegm

Q.11.What are the Shat Ripus (The Six Enemies of the Spirit)?

Ans:
Kama - Passion
Krodha - Anger
Lobha - Greed
Moha - Infatuation
Mada - Pride
Maatsarya - Malice or Envy
44

Q.12.What are the Antah Karana (Internal Processes)?

Ans:
The internal processes-inner instruments-aspects of MIND are:
Chitta-the memory bank-the subconscious
Manas-the conscious mind
Buddhi-intellect-Possesses Viveka (discrimination) and has three
important powers;
i. Kriya Shakti - power of action
ii. Jnana Shakti - power of wisdom
iii. Iccha Shakti - power of will
Ahamkara-‘I am’ ness
i. Impure- all is ME and MINE
ii. Pure-all is mine through the Divine

Q.13.What are the 14 Lokas-14 Planes of Consciousness?

Ans:
A. HIGHER – 7
Bhuh Loka - Earth
Bhuvah Loka - Sky
Svah Loka - Heaven
Mahah Loka - Middle region
Janah Loka - Place of births
Tapah Loka - Mansion of the blessed
Satya Loka - Abode of truth
B. LOWER – 7 - NARAKA
Satala, Vitala, Mahatala, Rasatala, Talatala, Atala, Patala

Q.14.What are the Four States of Awareness/Consciousness?

Ans:
Jagrat - Wakeful State
Swapna - Dream State
Sushupthi - Deep Sleep
Thuriya - Total Awareness
 NATURE OF MAN 45

Q.15. What are some qualities of a Stitha Prajna according to Bhagavad

Gita?
Ans:
“Equal mindedness in all situations” is described as Stitha Prajna or
Samabhava in the Srimad Bhagavad Gita. Yogeshwar Sri Krishna says
that the man of Stitha Prajna has the following qualities: He is,
Beyond passion, fear and anger. (II.56)
Devoid of possessiveness and egoism. (II.71) Firm
in understanding and unbewildered. (V.20)
Engaged in doing good to all beings. (V.25)
Friendly and compassionate to all. (XII.13)
Has no expectation, is pure and skillful in action. (XII.16)

Q.16.What are the Pancha Deha Doshas (Five Blemishes of the Body)?

Ans:
Kama - Sexual Desire
Krodha - Anger
Nihsvasa - Sighing
Bhaya - Fear
Nidra - Sleep

Q.17.What are the primary instincts common to both animal and

human nature?
Ans:
Hunger
Procreative instinct
Fear
Sleep

Q.18.What differentiates the human nature from the animal nature?

Ans:
Intellect (Buddhi) and Consciousness (Manas)
According to Ammaji (Yogacharini Meenakshi Devi Bhavanani) the
main differences between animal and human nature are
Consciousness, Control and Choice (the three ‘C’s)
46

Q.19.What are the structural systems in Yoga according to

Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri?
Ans:
Pujya Swamiji Gitananda Giri has described the Nava Dhushyas or
nine factors that are the physical structural systems of the human body.
He has also described the Dwadasha Kramas or the twelve systems of
man that also takes into account the non physical aspects of the human
functioning.
The Nava Dhushyas (Nine Physical Structural Systems) are:
Asthi - Bone Tissue
Maamsa - Muscle Tissue
Nadis - Channels of Nerve Energy
Rasa-Rakta - Circulation and Blood Components
Indriyas - Vital Organs
Granthis - Endocrine Glands
Meda - Adipose Tissue
Majjaa - Bone Marrow
Soma - Hormones including the higher Ojas,
Tejas and Sukra
The Dwadasha Kramas include in addition to the Nava Dhushyas,
the non-physical components of:
Prana - the cosmic catalyst associated with emotions. This includes
the sub units of Prana Vayus (nerve currents), Prana Nadis
(channels of Pranic flow), Prana Vahaka (nerve impulses), Prana
Vahana (nerve fluids), Prana Vana (psychic vortexes associated
with the Chakras), Prana Granthis (nodes of Prana) and Prana
Bindus (foci of higher mental energy).
Manas - subconscious, conscious and superconscious mind
including the Buddhi (intellect), Bindu (foci of consciousness), Loka
(planes of consciousness), Mandala (etheric mental and energy
patterns and fields)
Chakra - etheric energy nature associated with the nerves and
glands of the physical body. It is also related to the psyche and
Ahamkara. it also includes the psychic nature associated with the
higher self or Atman
 YOGIC TEXTS

Q.1. What are some important Yoga texts

Ans:
Patanjala Yoga Sutras, Bhagavad Gita, Yoga Vashishta, Shiva Samhita,
Gheranda Samhita, Hatha Yoga Ratnaavali, Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Shiva
Swarodaya, Prasnopanishad, Yoga Upanishads, Thirumandiram,
Nathamuni’s Yoga Rahasya and Shat Chakra Nirupana.

Q.2. What are the humane qualities that Maharishi Patanjali advises us
to cultivate?
Ans:
The attitudes to be cultivated (Samadhi Pada-33rd Sutra) are:
Maitri - Sukha : Friendliness towards those who
are happy
Karuna - Duhkha : Compassion towards those who
are miserable
Mudhita - Punya : Cheerfulness towards the
virtuous
Upekshanam - Apunya : Indifference towards the wicked

Q.3. How many chapters are there in the Bhagavad Gita?

Ans: Eighteen

Q.4. What are the names of the Padas in the Yoga Sutras?
Ans:
Samadhi Pada
Sadhana Pada
Vibhuti Pada
Kaivalya Pada
Q.5. How many Sutras are there in the Yoga Sutras of Maharishi
Patanjali?
Ans: 196 / 195 verses or sutras

Q.6. How can the Chitta Vrittis be classified

Ans: Klishta and Aklishta (painful and non painful)
 YOGA SADHANA

Q.1. What are the Antaraaya (obstacles) or Chitta Vikshepa

(disturbances to consciousness) to Yoga Sadhana?

Ans:
Vyadhi - Disease
Styaan - Dullness
Samshya - Doubt
Pramada - Procrastination
Alasya - Laziness
Avirati - Worldly Mindedness
Branti-Darshan - Illusion
Alabdhabhumikatva - Inability to find any state of Yoga
Anavasthitatwa - Inability to maintain a state of Yoga

Q.2. What are the other obstacles that are mentioned by Patanjali
following these mental obstacles?

Ans:
Duhkha - Pain
Daurmanasya - Despair
Angamejayatva - Tremors of the body
Swasa Praswasa - Irregular breathing

Q.3. How to overcome these obstacles?

Ans: Om Japa, contemplation and surrender to the Divine

Q.4. What are the types of disciples (Sadhakas) mentioned in Shiva

Samhita?

Ans:
Mridu - The Feeble One
Madyama - The Average One
Adhimatra - The Superior One
Adhimatratma - The Supreme One
 YOGA THERAPY

Q.1. List some of the physiological benefits of Yoga?

Ans:
Stable autonomic nervous system equilibrium, with tendency
toward parasympathetic nervous system dominance rather than
the usual stress-induced sympathetic nervous system dominance

Pulse rate decreases

Respiratory rate decreases
Blood pressure decreases
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) increases
EEG - alpha waves increase
Theta, delta, and beta waves also increase during various
stages of meditation
EMG activity decreases
Cardiovascular efficiency increases
Respiratory efficiency increases
Respiratory amplitude and smoothness increase, tidal volume
increases, vital capacity increases, breath-holding time increases
Gastrointestinal function normalizes
Endocrine function normalizes
Excretory functions improve
Musculoskeletal flexibility and joint range of motion increase
Posture improves
Strength and resiliency increase
Endurance increases
Energy level increases
Weight normalizes
Sleep improves
Immunity increases
Pain decreases
 YOGA IN MODERN INDIA

Q.1. Name some important Yoga scientists of India.

Dr. B.K. Anand, AIIMS, New Delhi
Prof. T.R. Anantaraman, BHU, Varanasi
Dr. K. Arunachalam, Madurai
Dr. T.K. Bera, Konavla
Dr. M.V. Bhole, Kaivalyadhama
Dr. Ramesh Bijlani, AIIMS, New Delhi
Dr. B.T. Chidanandamurthy, Pune
Dr. G.S. Chinna, New Delhi
Dr. K.K. Datey, Mumbai
Dr. T. Desiraju, NIMHANS
Dr. Ganesh Shankar, Sagar University
Dr. S.K. Ganguly, Kaivalyadhama
Dr. M.L. Gharote, Kaivalyadhama
Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri, Pondicherry
Dr. K.S Gopal, JIPMER, Pondicherry Dr.
M.M. Gore, Kaivalyadhama
Dr. K.S. Joshi, Pune
Dr. P.V. Karambelkar, Kaivalyadhama
Dr. Krishna Bhatt, Manipal
Swami Kuvalayananda, Lonavla, Maharashtra Dr.
Lajpat Rai, MDNIY, New Delhi
Dr. Madanmohan, JIPMER, Pondicherry
Dr. R. Nagarathna, sVYASA
Dr. H.R. Nagendra, sVYASA
Dr. M.V. Rajapurkar, Kaivalyadhama
Dr. Venkata Reddy, Secunderabad Dr.
B. Ramamurthy, Chennai
Dr. W. Selvamurthy, DIPAS, New Delhi
Dr. Shirley Telles, sVYASA
Dr. R.H. Singh, BHU, Varanasi
Dr. Subash Ranade, Pune
Dr. K.N. Udupa, BHU, Varanasi Dr.
S.L. Vinekar, Kaivalyadhama
76

Q.2. Name some world famous eminent Yoga masters of Modern

India.

Brahmarishi Vishwatna Bawra

Swami Chidananda Saraswathi
Sri T.K.V. Desikachar
Swami Digambarji
Sri Direndra Brahmachari
Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri
Padma Bhushan BKS Iyengar
Swami Jyothirmayananda
Srila Sri Kambaliswamigal
Swami Kanakananda Brighu
Sri T. Krishnamacharya
Swami Kuvalayananda
Paramahamsa Swami Madavadas
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
Sri Ma Yoga Shakti
Yogamani Meenakshi Devi Bhavanani
Swami Muktananda
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
Sri Pattabi Jois
Sri Ramana Maharishi
Baba Ramdevji Maharaj
Swami Shivananda Saraswathi
Swami Satchitananda
Swami Satyananda Saraswathi
Swami Vishnudevananda
Swami Vivekananda
Paramahamsa Yogananda
Sri Yogendra Desai
 YOGA IN MODERN INDIA 77

Q.3. Name some important Ashrams of Modern India.

Ans:
Mata Amritananda’s Ashram, Kerala
Ananda Ashram, Kanangad, Kerala
Ananda Ashram, Pondicherry
Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry
Swami Chinmayananda’s Ashram, Sidbari
Swami Dayananda’s Ashram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Gnanananda Tapovanam, Thirukoiloor, Tamil Nadu
Swami Haridas’s Ashram in Vandavasi, Tamil Nadu
Swami Jyothirmayananda’s Ashram in Ghaziabad, New Delhi
Kaivalyadhama Yoga Ashram, Lonavla
Patanjali Yoga Peeth, Haridwar
Swami Muktananda’s Ashram at Ganeshpuri
Swami Rama’s Ashram in Dehra Dun
Ramakrishna Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Ramana Ashram, Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu Sri
Ravishankar’s Ashram in Bangalore
Sri Sai Baba’s Ashram in Puttapatti
Sheshadri Swamigal Ashram, Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu
Shivananda Ashram, Rishikesh
Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
The Yoga Institute, Mumbai
Yoga Niketan, Rishikesh

Q.4. Name some important institutions doing Yoga research in India.

Ans:
CCRYN (Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy),
Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi
AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences), New Delhi BHU
(Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP
DIPAS (Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences), New
Delhi
78

ICYER (International Centre for Yoga Education and

Research), Pondicherry
JIPMER (Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical
Education and Research), Pondicherry
Kaivalyadhama, Lonavla, Maharashtra
Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram, Chennai
Morarji Desai National Institute for Yoga, New Delhi
NIMHANS (National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro
Science), Bangalore
Patanjali Yoga Peeth, Haridwar
sVYASA (Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana
Samsthana), Formerly VK Yogas, Bangalore
Vemana Yoga Research Centre, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh
The Yoga Institute, Santa Cruz, Mumbai
CYTER, MGMCRI, Pondicherry

Q.5. Name some important Yoga institutions in India.

Ans:
Ananda Ashram (ICYER), Pondicherry
Asana Andiappan Yoga Institute, Chennai
Ashtanga Yoga Research Centre, Mysore
Bihar School of Yoga (Bihar Yoga Bharathi), Monger, Bihar
Divine Life Society (Sivananda Ashram), Rishikesh
Indian Academy of Yoga, BHU, Varanasi
Kaivalyadhama Ashrama, Lonavla
Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram, Chennai
Morarji Desai National Institute for Yoga, New Delhi
Ramamani Iyengar Yoga Institute, Pune
Sivananda Ashram, Nayar Dam, Kerala
sVYASA University (VK Yogas), Bangalore
The Yoga Institute, Santa Cruz, Mumbai
 YOGA AND SPORTS

Q.1. What is Yoga Sport?

Ans:
The competitive aspect of Yoga in relation to individuals or teams is
known as Yoga sport. Various events have been conducted since the
past few decades all over India and the world and the first International
Yoga championship was held at Pondicherry in 1989 by Swami
Gitananda Giri under the patronage of Vishwa Yoga Samaj. Since then
more than 25 international championships have been held all over the
world.

Q.2. Name some important founding fathers of the Yoga Sport

movement.
Ans:
Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri
Yogiraj Dhyan Dhar
Kriya Yogi Bishnu Gosh
Shri Krishna Kisore Das
Shri MS Viswanath
Yogacharya Gurupriya Giri
Shri Fernando Estevez Griego (Swami Maitreyananda)

Q.3. Name some important associations and federations of Yoga Sport.

Ans:
International Yoga Federation
World Yoga Council
International Council for Yoga Sport
Asian Union of Yoga
Yoga Confederation of India
Indian Yoga Federation
80 PRIMER OF YOGA THEORY BY DR. ANANDA BALAYOGI BHAVANANI

Yoga Federation of India

South India Yoga Federation
North India Yoga Federation
State Yoga Associations are functioning and organizing Yoga
Sport events all over the country and are especially active in
Pondicherry, Haryana, West Bengal, Karnataka, Delhi, Orissa,
Maharastra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

Q.4. When and where was the First International Yoga Championship
held?
Ans:
1989 at Pondicherry, India.

Q.5. What are some differences between Yoga and sports?

Ans:

YOGA SPORTS

Parasympathetic dominance Sympathetic dominance

Slow and static movements Rapid and forceful movements
Muscle tone is normalized Low Increased muscle tension
calorie consumption Higher calorie consumption
Low risk of injury Higher risk of injury
Effort –minimum and relaxed Effort –maximum and tense
Energizing activity Fatiguing activity
Natural and controlled Breathing is taxed
breathing
Balanced activity of Imbalanced activity of opposing
opposing muscle groups muscle groups
Process oriented Goal oriented
Focus is on internal Focus is on external awareness
awareness
Infinite possibilities for Boredom factor as there is no
growth in self-awareness higher philosophy or goal than
the body
 STRESS: THE BANE OF MODERN LIVING

Q.1. What is Stress?

Ans:
”Stress is an altered state of body and mind from normal homeostatic
conditions that is caused due to extrinsic or intrinsic factors”
“ Stress is an exaggerated response to internal or external stimulus”

Q.2. What are the stages in the stress reaction?

Ans:
Stage of Alarm
Stage of Resistance
Stage of Exhaustion

Q.3. What are the phases in development of stress disorders?

Ans:
Psychic phase
Psychosomatic phase
Somatic phase and
Organic phase

Q.4. Name some disorders caused or aggravated by stress?

Ans:
Hypertension, Bronchial Asthma, Diabetes Mellitus, Colitis, Migraine,
Thyrotoxicosis, Atherosclerosis, Peptic Ulcers and Autoimmune disorders

Q.5. How does the Bhagavad Gita describe the stress response?
Ans:
In Chapter Two (Samkhya Yoga), in Verse 62 and 63, the pattern of
behaviour (stress response) is given that ultimately leads to the
destruction of man.
Verse 62: “Brooding on the objects of the senses, man develops
attachment to them; from attachment (Sangha or Chanuraaga)
comes desire (Kama) and from unfulfilled desire, anger (Krodha)
sprouts forth.”
82

Verse 63: “From anger proceeds delusion (Moha); from delusion,

confused memory (Smriti Vibramah); from confused memory the
ruin of reason and due to the ruin of reason (Buddhi Naaso) he
perishes.”

Q.6. What method is given in the Bhagavad Gita to combat stress?

Ans:
In verse 64 of the second chapter, Lord Krishna also gives us a
clue to equanimity of mind (Samatvam) and how to become a person
settled in that equanimity (Stitha Prajna) who is not affected by the
opposites (Dwandwa).
He says,
“But the disciplined Yogi, moving amongst the sensory objects with all
senses under control and free from attraction (Raaga) and aversion
(Dwesha), gains in tranquility.”

Q.7. Give the full forms of the following stress management programmes.

Ans:
IRT - Instant Relaxation Technique
QRT - Quick Relaxation Technique
DRT - Deep Relaxation Technique
SMET - Self-Management of Excessive Tension

Q.8. Give brief concept of the following stress management programmes.

Ans:
IRT - Stretch and relax in Shavasana
QRT - Breathing with feeling
DRT - Part by part relaxation with Akara, Ukara and
Makara chanting
SMET - Alternate stimulation and relaxation combination

Q.9. Give the three stages of QRT.

Ans:
Observation of abdominal muscle movement
Synchronization with breathing
Breathing with feeling
 VIVA QUESTIONS

1. Who is the codifier of ‘Yoga Darshana’?

Ans: Maharishi Patanjali

2. Who is the author of the ‘Hatha Pradipika’?

Ans: Yogi Swatmarama Suri

3. Where is the famous Yoga centre Kaivalyadhama located?

Ans: Lonavla

4. In which city is the Sri Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram located?

Ans: Chennai

5. Where in South India can you expect to find a depiction of

Patanjali?
Ans: Chidambaram

6. What year was the First International Yoga Festival held by

Government of Pondicherry Tourism Dept?
Ans: 1993

7. Which Mudra is used in Bhramari Pranayama?

Ans: Shanmuki or Yoni Mudra

8. Which Mudra helps in cases of neck pain?

Ans: Brahma Mudra

9. A topsy-turvy Mudra that is useful in Diabetes.

Ans: Viparita Karani Mudra

10. According to the Hatha Pradipika the best of all Mudras is ?

Ans: Kechari Mudra

84

11. Mudra where both eyes are fixated on mid point between
eyebrows? Ans: Sambhavi Mudra

12. In Sadanta Pranayama, air is inhaled via _____ and exhaled via
__________.
Ans: In through the teeth and out via the nose

13. In Surya Bhedana, the air is exhaled through which nostril.

Ans: Left nostril

14. Name the four components of Pranayama. Ans:

Puruka, Kumbhaka, Rechaka and Shunyaka

15. Name the 3 types of Kumbhakas.

Ans: Antara, Bahira and Kevala Kumbhakas

16. Which Pranayama purifies all the 72,000 Nadis?

Ans: Nadi Shuddhi

17. Inhalation and exhalation are through which nostril in Chandra

Anuloma Pranayama?
Ans: Left nostril

18. Name some important Yoga texts

Ans: Patanjala Yoga Sutras, Bhagavad Gita, Yoga Vashistha, Shiva
Samhita, Gheranda Samhita, Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Shiva Swarodaya,
Yoga Upanishads

19. Which the Kriya can also be called a Pranayama?

Ans: Kapalabhati

20. The King of Asanas is ______________________.

Ans: Shirshasana

21. Who is the Goddess of Knowledge?

Ans: Goddess Saraswathi
100

161. What is Tittibasana?

Ans: Butterfly pose

162. What does Garudasana mean?

Ans: The pose dedicated to the eagle vehicle of Lord Vishnu

163. What does the term “Hatha Yoga” mean?

Ans: The physical science of balancing the positive and negative
energies of the body

164. Which Bhakti leader used the medium of dance and song to make
one feel the personal presence of God near him?
Ans: Chaitanya Maha Prabhu

165. ‘Kumbha Mela’ is celebrated every twelve years in four cities of

India. What are they?
Ans: Prayag, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nasik

166. Which is the source of information about ten incarnation of

Vishnu? Ans: Vishnu Purana

167. Who is the founder of Vishistadvaita?

Ans: Sri Ramanuja

168. Who propounded Dvaita?

Ans: Madwacharya

169. Name some Yoga practices related to the animal kingdom Ans:
Ushtrasana, Sashahasana, Vyagrasana, Chatus Padasana,
Marjariyasana, Adomuka Swanasana, Vrishabasana, Gopucchasana,
Urdhwa Mukha Swanasana, Vyagraha Pranayama, Simhasana,
Kukriya Pranayama, Gaja Karani, Matangi Mudra, Aswini Mudra,
Gomukasana, Vatayanasana etc

170. Name some Yoga practices related to the reptiles and amphibians
Ans: Sarpasana, Sarpa Kriya, Bhujangasana, Vrishchikasana, Bhujangini
Mudra, Kurmasana, Makarasana, Bhekasana, Mandukasana etc
 VIVA QUESTIONS 101

171. Name some Asanas related to birds

Ans: Kukkutasana, Kapinjalasana, Garudasana, Kakasana, Krounchasana,
Raja Kapotasana, Hamsasana, Bakkasana, Mayurasana, Padma
Mayurasana, Kokilasana, Chakorasana, Pincha Mayurasana etc

172. Name some Asanas related to numbers

Ans: Chatus Pada Asana, Dwipada Uttanasana, Ekapada Sirasasana,

Ashtanga Bhumi Sparshasana, Chatur Dandasana, etc

173. Name some Asanas related to Rishis

Ans: Vasishtasana, Vishwamitrasana, Kapilasana, Matsyendrasana,
Ashtavakrasana, Dhruvasana, Galavasana, Ruchikasana,
Marichyasana, Bharatwajasana, Kashyapasana, Koundinyasana, etc

174. Name some Asanas related to human qualities and activities

Ans: Ratacharyasana, Ashva Sanchalanasana, Virasana,
Brahmacharyasana , Akarna Dhanurasana, Siddasana, Dharmikasana,
Shavasana, Sukhasana, Garbapindasana, Shirasasana, Hastasana,
Bhadrasana, etc

175. Name some Asanas related to objects

Ans: Sethubandasana, Meru Asana, Chakrasana, Halasana,
Trikonasana, Dhanurasana, Parighasana, Pashasana, Malasana,
Vajrasana, Vrikshasana, Navasana, Stambam Asana, Dandasana,
Ardha Chadrasana, etc

176. Name some Asanas related to the plant kingdom?

Ans: Padmasana, Vrikshasana, Talasana, Nalina Asana, etc

177. Name some Asanas related to shapes?

Ans: Trikonasana, Baddhakonasana, Parshvakonasana, Ardha
Chakrasana, Chakrasana, Upavishtakonasana, Ardha Chandrasana,
Ardha Kati Chakrasana etc
 MAHABHARATA QUIZ

1. Who was the commander of King Virata’s army, killed by Bhima for
molesting Draupadi in the Matsya Kingdom?- Keechaka
2. Which Asura in the form of a boar did Lord Shiva and Arjuna kill at
the same time? Mooka
3. Uttara is the son of? Virata the Matsya King
4. Who killed Jarasandha? Bhima
5. Celestial fathers of Nakula and Sahadeva-Aswini Twins
6. Celestial father of Arjuna- Indra
7. Who was the mother of the Kouravas? Ghandhari
8. Celestial father of Yudhishthira-Yama
9. Who cursed Arjuna to become a eunuch for a period of time? –
Urvashi
10. Who taught Arjuna the art of music and dance in Amaravathi?-
Chitrasena
11. Celestial father of Karna-Surya
12. Father of the Kouravas-Dhritarashtra
13. Son of Dushanta and Shakuntala?-Bharata
14. Who is the Guru in mace warfare for Bhima and Duryodhana?
Balarama
15. Who is the brother of Draupadi?-Dhrishtadyumna
16. Who was the father of Bheeshma?-Shantanu
17. Karna’s foster father?-Adhiratha, the charioteer
18. Who was the mother of Veda Vyasa?-Satyavathi
19. Who asked Karna for the Kavacha and Kundala? Indra
20. A King who Krishna forgave 100 times but finally beheaded-who is
he? Shishupala
21. The Rakshasha son of Bhima?-Ghatotkacha
106

22. This student cut off his thumb for Dronacharya. Who is he?-
Ekalavya
23. Who killed all the sons of the Pandavas at night at the end of the
Mahabharata? Ashwathama
24. A lady burned Yudhistra’s toes. Who was she? Gandhari
25. Sage Parasara is the father of?-Veda Vyasa
26. Who was the Guru for the Pandavas before Dronacharya?-
Kripacharya
27. Father of Draupadi—Drupada
28. Arjuna’s wife who was the daughter of the Naga King-Uloopi
29. Arjuna’s son by Chitrangada-Babhuvahana
30. Subhadra’s son-Abimanyu
31. This king was going to help the Pandavas but was tricked by
Duryodhana into becoming Karna’s charioteer. Who was he?
Shalya
32. What question did Draupadi ask when she was summoned to the
court?- She asked whether Yudhishthira lost her or himself
first
33. What promise did Karna make to Kunthi? That he would not kill
any of the Pandavas except Arjuna.
34. Who was the Commander-in-chief of the Pandava army?
Dhrishtadyumna
35. Who was the Asura that was spared by Krishna and Agni in the
Khandava forest because Arjuna had given him protection? –
Maya
36. Who was born with three eyes and four arms? Shishupala
37. Who dragged Draupadi to the court?- Duhshasana
38. Who was the person used as a shield to kill Bheeshma?-
.Shikandi
39. Which son of Dhritarashtra objected to Draupadi being brought to
the court as a slave? – Vikarna
40. Where did Bhima meet Hanuman?- Gandhamadana forest
41. Where did Arjuna reunite with his brothers after 5 years in
heaven?- Gandhamadana forest
 MAHABHARATA QUIZ 107

42. Where did Shiva fight Arjuna?-Himalayas

43. Kingdom gifted to Karna by Duryodhana- Anga
44. What was the kingdom ruled by Pandu known as?-Hastinapura
45. Drupada was the king of —Panchala
4 6 . Where was Duryodhana captured by the Gandharvas and then
freed by the Pandavas? Dwaitavana
47. Name of the town where Duryodhana tried to burn the
Pandavas-Varanavata
48. Who built the inflammable mansion for the Pandavas as
ordered by Duryodhana?-Purochana
49. The Rakshasha whose sister married Bhima-Hidimba
50. In which city did Bhima kill the Rakshasha called Baka?-
Ekachakra
51. City built by the Pandavas-Indraprastha
52. Shishupala belonged to which Kingdom?- Chedi
53. Where did Duryodhana mistake floor for a pond and a pond for a
floor?-In the palace built for Yudhishthira by Maya Asura at
Indraprastha
th
54. Kingdom where the Pandavas spent the 13 year of exile?
Matsya
55. What is the relationship between Nakula and Bhima? Step
Brothers
56. What is the relationship between Madhri and Kunthi? Both had same
husband
57. What is the relationship between Duryodhana and Yudhistira?
Cousins
58. What is the relationship between Nakula and Sahadeva? Twin
brothers
59. What is the relationship between Arjuna and Krishna? Brother-in law

60. What is the relationship between Arjuna and Bheeshma?

Nephew and grand uncle
61. What is the relationship between Ganga and Bheeshma?
Mother son
 QUIZ QUESTIONS

A. TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING:

1. Vatayanasana - Horse face pose

2. Noukasana - Boat pose
3. Dhanurasana - Bow pose
4. Kapotasana - Pigeon pose
5. Kukkutasana - Rooster / Cock pose
6. Halasana - Plough pose
7. Sarvangasana - Shoulder stand
8 . Paschimottanasana - Posterior stretch / back stretch pose
9. Kokilasana - Cuckoo pose
10. Utkatasana - Squat pose / Powerful pose
11. Bhujangasana - Cobra pose
12. Sashahasana - Rabbit pose
13. Matsyasana - Fish pose
14. Adho Mukha Swanasana - Downward facing dog pose
15. Bhekasana - Frog pose
16. Bakkasana - Crane pose

B. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

1. Who said, “Yoga is 4 fold awareness?”

Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri
2. What is Samyama?
Dharana + Dhyana + Samadhi

3. What is Kriya Yoga?

Tapas, Swadhyaya and Ishwara Pranidhana together are known
as Kriya Yoga.
4. What is Adhikara Yoga?
Yama and Niyama together are known as Adhikara Yoga.
114

5. Bhagavad Gita says “Samatvam ___________________ “.

Samatvam yoga uchyate

6. Bhagavad Gita says “Duhkha ____________________ “.

Duhkha samyoga viyogam, yoga sangnitam

7. Bhagavad Gita says “Yogah _____________________ “.

Yogah karmasu koushalam

8. Patanjali’s definition of Yoga is ____________________?

Yogah chittavritti nirodhah

9. The ‘Root’ word of Yoga is ______________________.

Yuj

10. Man of equanimity is called as (B.G) ______________________.

Stitha Prajna

11. What is a Mudra?

A seal for energy

12. What is a Bandha?

A lock for energy

13. Define Asana as per Patanjali Yoga Sutras.

Sthira sukham asanam

14. Swami Gitananda said that Yoga is Evolution. What type of evolution
is it?
Conscious evolution

15. List the Karmendriyas?

Pada (Feet), Pani (Hands), Payu (Excretion), Upastha
(Reproduction), Vaak (Speech)
16. List the Chitta Vrittis.
Pramana (right knowledge), Viparyaya (wrong knowledge),
Vikalpa (imagination), Nidra (sleep), Smrithi (memory).
17. What is Prana?
Vital cosmic catalyst / energy

18. List states of the Chitta.

Mudha (dull), Kshipta (totally distracted), Vikshipta (partially
distracted), Ekagratha (one pointed). Niruddha (controlled)
 QUIZ QUESTIONS 115

19. Name the Kleshas.

Avidya (ignorance), Asmita (ego), Raaga (attraction), Dwesha
(repulsion), Abinivesha (clinging to life)
20. How to destroy the Kleshas.
Kriya Yoga, the Yoga of Purification
21. What happens when the Chittavrittis are controlled?
Then the seer rests in his essential nature (Thada drishtu
swarupe avasthanam)
22. Number of Petals in Mooladhara.
Four
23. Which endocrine gland corresponds to Mooladhara Chakra?
Gonads
24. Which nerve plexus corresponds to the Manipura Chakra?
Solar plexus
25. Anahata means ______________________?
Unstruck sound
26. The shape of Mooladhara is ______________________.
Cube / square
27. Name the three Gunas.
Tamas, Rajas, Satvas
28. Which element (Pancha Maha Bhutas) is related to Swadhisthana
Chakra?
Water (Apas)
29. What happens if one perfects Ishwara Pranidhana?
One attains Samadhi
30. Name components of the Bandha Trayam.
Jalandhara, Uddiyana and Moola Bandhas
31. What are the Upa Prana Vayus?
Naga, Kurma, Krikara, Devadutta and Dhananjaya

C. NAME THE AUTHORS:

1. Name the author of the ‘Yoga Darshana’
Maharishi Patanjali
 MODEL THEORY PAPERS

MODEL THEORY PAPER - I

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Satya belongs to the Pancha________________.

2. Soucha belongs to the Pancha_______________.
3. The last three limbs of Ashtanga Yoga are known together as _______.
4. The three Gunas are Tamas, Rajas and ________________________.
5. The Yoga Sutras have ________________verses (sutras).
6. The Yoga Sutras were given by__________________________________.
7. The first Chakra is ________________________.
8. We can control the Chitta Vrittis by Abyasa and ___________________.
9. Kriya Yoga consists of _______________, Swadhyaya and Ishwara Pranidhana.
10. A Mudra is_______________for energy.
11. The mother Klesha is __________________________.
12. The Kleshas can be destroyed by ________________________.
13. The energy sheath / body is the ____________________Kosha.
14. The three bodies are the Sthula Sharira,___________ and the Karana Sharira.

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

15. Ahimsa a. Memory

16. Tapas b. Non-stealing
17. Vibhuti Pada c. Niyama
18. Ekagratha d. Non-coveted ness
19. Vikshipta e. Truthfulness
20. Vikalpa f. Cleanliness
21. Smrithi g. Yama
22. Viparyaya h. Contentment
23. Anumana i. Self Analysis
24. Asteya j. Yoga Sutras
25. Aparigraha k. One pointed mind
26. Satya l. Partially distracted mind
27. Soucha m. Imagination
28. Santhosha n. Chittavritti
29. Swadhyaya o. Inference of right knowledge

TRUE OR FALSE ?

30. Asana is the first step of Ashtanga Yoga.

126

31. The Yoga Sutras has 196 verses.

32. Mudha means intelligent mind.
33. Niruddha means no mind at all.
34. The Chittavritti Vikalpa means to sleep.
35. The Chittavritti Viparyaya means wrong knowledge.
36. Agama is a method to attain Pramana or real knowledge.
37. Yama and Niyama are known as Adhikara Yoga.
38. The mother Klesha is Avidya.
39. Asmita, Raaga and Dwesha are Kleshas.
40. Bhramari is a Kriya.
41. Alasya is a Pranayama.
42. Kunjala is a type of Pranayama.
43. Prasupta and Udaaranaam are states of the Kleshas.
44. The gross body is the Sthula Sharira.
45. Grahna is the nose and the sense of smell.
46. Yama, Niyama and Asana are known together as Samyama.
47. Ahimsa, Satya, Tapas, Brahmacharya and Asteya are the five Yamas.
48. The most important Asana is Padmasana.
49. Mudra means a breathing practice.

50. Yoga is just an exercise.

MODEL PAPER - II

1. The sense organs are known as the ___________________ in Sanskrit.

2. The Sahasrara Chakra has ____________________________ petals.

3. Yoga is one of the six ______________________ of Sanathana Dharma.

4. Nauli is one of the six __________________________.

5. The Chaturvidha Purusharthas are Dharma, Artha, Kama and _______.

6. Obstacles to Sadhana can be overcome by ______and contemplation of God.

7. Bandha Trayam consists of Moola Bandha, Uddiyana Bandha and________.

8. Yoga is _______________________in action.

9. Yoga is ___________________evolution.
th
10. The 4 Pada in the Yoga Sutras is the ________________________Pada.
 MODEL THEORY PAPERS 127

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

11. 84,00,000 a. Attraction

12. Bandha b. Energy sheath
13. Asmita c.Fully expanded state of Klesha
14. Raaga d. Dormant state of Klesha
15. Abinivesha e. Sheath of eternal bliss
16. Prasupta f. Asanas
17. Udaaranaam g. The skin (Cutaneous sense)
18. Annamaya Kosha h. Lock for energy
19. Pranamaya Kosha i. Ego
20. Anandamaya Kosha j. Use of the feet
21. Kaarana Sharira k. Speech
22. Chakshu l. The causal body
23. Tvak m. Clinging to life
24. Pada n. Physical sheath
25. Vak o. The eyes (sense of sight)

TRUE OR FALSE ?

26. Jihva is the tongue and the sense of taste.

27. Payu is the Karmendriya of excretion.
28. Manipura is the third Chakra.
29. Anahata Chakra is the centre of un-struck sound.
30. Sahasrara has 100 petals.
31. Yoga, Vedanta and Mimamsa are part of the Shat Dharshanas.
32. Trataka is one of the Shat Karmas / Kriyas.
33. Pranayama means the control of body.
34. Tapas is one of the Pancha Yama.
35. Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha are the Chaturvidha Purusharthas.
36. The lower Samadhi is Nirbhija Samadhi.
37. The planes of lower Samadhi include Vitarka and Vichara.
38. Vyadhi, Styaan and Samshya are Antaraaya.
39. Worldly mindedness (Avirati) is not an obstacle to Yoga Sadhana.
40. Murccha and Plavini are not in the eight classical Kumbhakas.
41. Surya Bhedana is a standing Asana.
42. Nyaya is the name of one of the Chakras.
43. Pani is one of the Jnanendriyas.
44. Vak is a Karmendriya.
45. Linga Sharira is the subtle body.