Physics Project
Physics Project
INTRODUCTION:
Electro Magnet: An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the
magnetic field is produced by electric current. The magnetic field
disappears when the current is turned off.
Induction: This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the
conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction.
Electromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic induction is the production of a
potential difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a
varying magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction is when an
electromagnetic field causes molecules in another object to flow. Induction
can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves (in a
radio transmitter). Finally, it refers to the phenomenon where an emf is
induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor changes.
Magnetic Flux: is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and
the area normal to the field through which the field is passing. It is a scalar
quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).
φ=BA
Principle: Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a
process where a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field (or a
conductor moving through a stationary magnetic field) causes the
production of a voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an electrical current - it is said to
induce the current.
THEORY:
Invention: Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of
induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the work of
Francesco Zantedeschia in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph Henry
made a similar discovery but did not publish his findings until later Induced
e.m.f.s: If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be
generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and explained by
Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday discovered that an
e.m.f. could be generated either by, (a) moving the coil or the source of flux
relative to each other or by (b) changing the magnitude of the source of
magnetic flux in some way. Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the
flux is changing. For example, consider two coils as shown in Figure 1.
Coil A is connected to a galvanometer and coil B is connected to a battery
and has direct current flowing through it. Coil A is within the magnetic field
produced by B and an e.m.f. can be produced in A by moving the coils
relative to each other or by changing the size of the current in B. This can
be done by using the rheostat R, switching the current on or off, or (c) using
an a.c. supply for B. (An e.m.f. could also be produced in coil A by
replacing coil B with a permanent magnet and moving this relative to coil
A.)
OBSERVATION
▪ Magnet is moved at a certain rate and a certain voltage is produced
. ▪ Magnet is moved at a faster rate and creates a greater induced voltage.
▪ Magnet is moved at the same speed through a coil that has a greater
number of turns and greater voltage is induced.
CONCLUSION
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and published
by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century, describes a very
important electromagnetic concept. Although its mathematical
representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it
relates an induced electric potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field.
This concept has many far-reaching ramifications that touch our lives in
many ways: from the shining of the sun to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can all appreciate
the profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us.
APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION IN REAL LIFE
The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied in many devices
and systems, including
❖ Electrical generators
❖ Induction motors
❖ Induction sealing
❖ Inductive charging
❖ Transformers
❖ Wireless charger