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    AREMA - C&S Manual Part 7.1.1 Through 7.1.11

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    AREMA - C&S Manual Part 7.1.1 Through 7.1.11

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    AREMA - C&S Manual Part 7.1.1 Through 7.1.11

    Uploaded by

    Philip El Profi

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2013 AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for a Color- A. © 2016 AREMA +1 Light Signal, Doublet-Lens Type Revised 2013 (3 Pages) Purpose 1. This Manual Part recommends design criteria and functional/operating guidelines for color-light signal units of the doublet lens type Signal units for long range with 8-3/8 in (213 mm) diameter lenses and also for short range and dwarf signals with 6-3/8 in (162 mm) diameter lenses are covered by these recommendations. Additional Recommendations for More Information on Design Material ‘See Manual Part 7.5.1 Identical Items "Boilerplate" for all Manual Parts in Section 7, Sections C and D. Signal Case and Light Units Assembly of light units to signal head for long range shall be so designed that the projected light beams from all units in one signal case will be parallel to each other. Signal head for long range signals should be provided with means for use of a sighting device accurately aligned parallel to the projected light beams. Means should be provided on long range signals for the addition of special wide angle deflecting prism roundels to improve visibility of signal on curves, Signal may display one or more colors arranged in a vertical, horizontal or triangular assembly. Proper outlets should be provided for cable or wire entering the signal head or signal head and pole with provisions made for sealing. a. Wire entrance in signal head shall have edges rounded and be readily accessible for sealing, b. Conduit shall be equipped with means for making a good weatherproof mechanical connection to mast and signal head. AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Means should be provided for the addition of a device for suppression of phantom indications. 7. Transformers shall conform to Manual Part 14.2.10 Recommended Design Criteria for Transformer, Dry Type, Air Cooled. They shall be suitably mounted in the signal and may be provided with taps to properly adjust lamp voltage. 8 Resistors should be adjustable and shall conform to Manual Part 14.2.15 Recommended Design Criteria for Resistors. They shall be suitably mounted in the signal © Light Units shall be of such design and construction so as to avoid undesirable reflection of external light. Backgrounds and Hoods 1. Backgrounds shall be provided on all wayside signals except in tunnel applications or on dwarf signals. 2. For circular backgrounds on single unit signals, the outer edge of the background shall extend a minimum of 10 in (254 mm) from the center of the lens unit. 3. For multi-unit signal backgrounds, the outer edges of the background shall ‘extend a minimum of 12 in (305 mm) from the center of any lens unit 4. Hoods shall be provided on all wayside signals. Hood lengths shall be not less than 10 in (254 mm) for long range signals, 7 in (178 mm) for short range signals, or 4 in (102 mm) for dwarf signals. Lenses and Roundels Lenses shall be of the doublet type, outer lens clear, 8-3/8 in (213 mm) diameter for long range; 6-3/8 in (162 mm) diameter for short range and dwarf signals. Inner lens is colored as required, 5-1/2 in (140 mm) diameter. The focal length of the lens combination should be 1/2 in (12.7 mm). Back Lights 1. Back lights may be provided. 2. Back lights shall be of such design as not to affect the aspect of the signal Mounting 1, Mounting may be either top-of-mast or bracket type, bolted to the mast. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manu: 2013 Part 7.1.4 2. Mounting of long range signal heads should be adjustable, with means provided to establish easily and accurately an independent horizontal and vertical adjustment for alignment of the projected beam H. rminals Terminals should be so located as to be easily accessible, 1. Binding Posts 1, Binding posts, nuts, and washers shall conform to Manual Part 14.1.11 Recommended Design Criteria for Binding Posts, Nuts & Washers, Details & Assemblies, 2. Binding posts shall conform to Manual Part 141.12 Recommended Design Criteria for Standard Binding Posts. 3. Binding posts shall be mounted so they cannot be turned in the base of frame to which applied. They shall be properly insulated from each other and other metallic parts. 4, Terminal Blocks and Connectors shall conform to Manual Part 14.1.2 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Solderless Screw-clamp or Screwless Cage-Clamp Terminal Blocks Used in Wiring Signal Apparatus with Copper Wire Only. J. Dielectric Requirements 1. See Manual Part 11.5.1 Recommended Environmental Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Railroad Signal System Equipment, Class B. 2. Lamp receptacle shall withstand for one minute an insulation test of 800 volts ac 3. A surface leakage distance of not less than 1/4 in (6.35 mm) shall be provided between any exposed metallic part of the apparatus carrying current and any other metallic part hereof. K. Painting © 2016 AREMA - ‘See Manual Part 7.5.1 Identical Items "Boilerplate" for all Manual Parts in Section 7, Section L. AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Part 7.1.2 A © 2016 AREMA : Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for a Position-Light Signal Revised 2013 (4 Pages) Purpose This Manual Part recommends design criteria and functional/operating guidelines for a position-light signal Additional Recommendations for More Information on Design and Material See Manual Part 7.5.1 Identical Items "Boilerplate" for all Manual Parts in Section 7, Sections C and D. High Signal 1. High signal should be a combination of light units, the main and auxiliary groups of which should have the units located on an 18 in (457 mm) radius about a central unit. 2. Light units shall be mounted in such a manner as to provide the required aspects and be adjusted individually for proper alignment. High Signal Backgrounds 1. Main group of units should be provided with a background designed to provide for the maximum number of units. Unused spaces for units shall be covered with a suitable plate which may be readily removed. 2. Background for auxiliary group of light units shall be provided. High Signal Light Units Light units shall be of such design and construction so as to avoid undesirable reflection phantom indications of external light. Where a reflector is used, this may be accomplished by one or more of the following 14. Provision of an inclined roundel. 2. Provision of a phankill device. 3. Provision of a conical outer lens 4, Provision of a long hood and baffle. AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.2 2013 F. Terminal Box for High Signals 1, Each group of light units should be provided with a weather-tight terminal box. 2. Wires from light units should be brought to terminals in the terminal box. A wiring diagram may be located in a conspicuous place in the box. Dwarf Signal 14, Dwarf signal should be provided with the maximum number of lamp compartments. 2. Lamp compartments shall be separated by lightproof barriers 3, Dwarf signal shall be so arranged as to provide the required aspects. Unused spaces shall be covered with suitable plates which may be readily removed. 4, Terminals should be provided and so located as to be easily accessible. Backgrounds and Hoods 1, The outer edges of backgrounds for high signals shall not come closer than 8 in (203 mm) to the center of a light unit 2. Hoods for high signals shall be not less than 10 in (254 mm) long. 3. Hoods for dwarf signals shall be not less than 5 in (127 mm) long. Lenses and Roundels 1, Lenses and roundels for high signals should be 5-3/8 in (136 mm) in diameter of the doublet type, outer lens clear 5-3/6 in (136 mm) diameter. Inner lens colored as required 2-3/4 in (69.9 mm) diameter. Focal length of the lens combination to be 3/8 in (9.52 mm). 2. Lenses for dwarf signals should be 4 in (102 mm) in diameter, standard optical clear, 2-1/4 in (57 mm) focal length, behind which is mounted a 4 in (102 mm) diameter, 20° clear, flat, spread light roundel. 3, The outer lens shall be used with a 20° flat spread light roundel or a convex clear roundel. Roundels shall be treated for proper light diffusion on the inside surface (lens side of roundels), © 2016 AREMA 2013 AREMA® C&S Manu: Part 7.1.2 Roundels for High Signals Each light unit for a high signal shall have a 5-3/8 in (136 mm) diameter roundel of such shape as to minimize undesirable reflection of external light and a light yellow tint having nominal color coordinates of x = 0.53 and y = 0.46 when plotted on the chromaticity diagram of Manual Part 7.1.10 Recommended Design Criteria and Functiona/Operating Guidelines for Signal Roundels, Lenses, Discs and Cones, Figure 7110A-2. Mounting Group mounting of light units should be adjustable with means provided to establish easily and accurately a correct alignment with the track. Binding Posts 1 Binding posts, nuts, and washers shall conform to Manual Part 14.1.11 Recommended Design Criteria for Binding Posts, Nuts & Washers, Details & Assemblies. 2. Binding posts shall conform to Manual Part 14.112 Recommended Design Criteria for Standard Binding Posts. 3 Binding posts shall be mounted so they cannot be turned in the base of frame to which applied. They shall be properly insulated from each other and other metallic parts. 4. Terminal Blocks and Connectors shall conform to Manual Part 14.1.2 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Solderless Screw-Clamp or Screwless Cage-Clamp Terminal Blocks Used in Wiring Signal Apparatus with Copper Wire Only. Dielectric Requirements 14. See Manual Part 11.5.1 Recommended Environmental Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Railroad Signal System Equipment, Class B. 2. Lamp receptacle shall withstand for one minute an insulation test of 800 volts ac. 3. A surface leakage distance of not less than 1/4 in (6.35 mm) shall be provided between any exposed metallic part of the apparatus carrying current and any other metallic part hereof. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.2 2013 N. Painting See Manual Part 7.5.1 Identical Items "Boilerplate" for all Manual Parts in Section 7, Section L. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Part 7.4 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for a Color- Position-Light Signal Revised 2013 (3 Pages) A. Purpose This Manual Part recommends design criteria and functional/operating guidelines for a color-position-light signal B. Additional Recommendations See Manual Part 7.5.1 Identical Items "Boilerplate" for all Manual Parts in Section 7, Sections C and D. C. High Signal 1. High signal should be a combination of light units, the main group of which should have the units located on a 14 in (356 mm) radius and provide the required aspects 2. Light units shall be mounted in such a manner as to provide the required aspect and be adjusted individually for proper alignment. High Signal Backgrounds 1 Main group background should be not less than 40 in (1016 mm) in diameter. It should be designed to accommodate a maximum number of eight light units, Unused spaces shall be covered with a suitable plate which may be readily removed 2. Background for auxiliary group shall be not less than 18-1/2 in (470 mm) in diameter. E. High Signal Light Units Light units shall be of such design and construction so as to avoid undesirable reflection of external light. Where a reflector is used, this may be accomplished by one or more of the following 1. Provision of an inclined roundel. 2. Provision of a phankill device. 3. Provision of a conical outer lens. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manu: Part 7.1.3 2013 4. Provision of a long hood and baffle. F. Terminal Box for High Signals 1. Main group of light units should be provided with a weather-tight terminal box. 2. Wires from light units should be brought to terminals in the terminal box, Wiring diagram, if provided, should be located inside the terminal box. G. Dwarf Signal 4. Dwarf signal should be provided with maximum number of lamp ‘compartments. 2. Lamp compartments shall be separated by lightproof barriers. 3, Dwarf signal shall be so arranged as to provide the required aspect. Unused spaces shall be covered with a suitable plate which may be readily removed. 4. Terminals should be so located as to be easily accessible. Backgrounds and Hoods 1. Hoods for high signals shall be not less than 8 in (203 mm) long, 2. Hoods for dwarf signals shall be not less than 5 in (127 mm) long, 1 Lenses and Roundels 1, Lenses for high signals should be of the doublet type, outer lens clear, 8- 3/8 in (213 mm) in diameter, inner lens colored as required, 5-1/2 in (140 mm) in diameter. The focal length of lens combination to be 1/2 in (12.7 mm). 2. Lenses for dwarf signals should be of the doublet type, outer lens clear, 4 in (101.6 mm) in diameter, inner lens colored as required, 2-3/4 in (70 mm) in diameter. The focal length of lens combination to be 3/8 in (9.53 mm) © 2016 AREMA 2013 AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1 J. Binding Posts 1 Binding posts, nuts, and washers shall conform to Manual Part 14.1.11 Recommended Design Criteria for Binding Posts, Nuts & Washers, Details & Assemblies. Binding posts shall conform to Manual Part 14.1.12 Recommended Design Criteria for Standard Binding Posts. Binding posts shall be mounted so they cannot be turned in the base of frame to which applied. They shall be properly insulated from each other and other metallic parts. Terminal Blocks and Connectors shall conform to Manual Part 14.1.2 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Solderiess Screw-Clamp or Screwless Cage-Clamp Terminal Blocks Used in Wiring Signal Apparatus with Copper Wire Only. K. Dielectric Requirements 1, Lamp receptacle shall withstand for one minute an insulation test of 800 volts ac. 2. A surface leakage distance of not less than 1/4 in (6.35 mm) shall be provided between any exposed metallic part of the apparatus carrying current and any other metallic part hereof. Lu Environmental See Manual Part 11.5.1 Recommended Environmental Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Railroad Signal System Equipment, Class B Painting ‘See Manual Part 7.5.1 Identical Items "Boilerplate" for all Manual Parts in Section 7, Section L. © 2016 AREMA 2043 AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.4 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for a Color- Light Signal, Searchlight Type Revised 2013 (8 Pages) A. Purpose This Manual Part recommends design criteria and functional/operating guidelines for color-light signals of the searchlight type utilizing an operating mechanism and having one objective lens for three color aspects B. Additional Recommendations The following should be considered, along with other recommendations as shown in Manual Part 7.5.1 Identical Items "Boilerplate" for all Manual Parts in Section 7. 1 Mechanism operating voltage 2. Rating of lamp. 3. Aspects required 4. Lenses, roundels and coverglass required Cc. Design 1. Signal should consist of an operating mechanism contained in a suitable housing with appropriate lenses, roundels, lamps, backgrounds and hoods as required. 2. Signal head shall be dust and water resistant under service conditions. Provisions should be made for convenient access to the operating mechanism. Access door shall be equipped with hasp lug for application of lock, 3. Suitable outlets and fittings and provision for sealing should be provided in signal head for wires and cables. 4. Provision shall be made to secure the operating mechanism in its correct optical alignment, and to permit easy removal. 5. Provision shall be made to permit addition of special deflecting prism cover glasses and for addition of phantom indication suppression devices, 6. Head for high signal should be provided with an alignment-sighting device. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.4.4 2013 7. Operating mechanism shall be enclosed in a dust resistant case of such transparency that the parts within shall be visible for inspection. 8. Operating mechanisms of the same manufacturer's type shall be interchangeable in the following respects: a, Mechanically to fit either a high or a dwarf signal head b. Optically, to be in focus with the lens of any signal head, provided the lens is of the same type, size and kind. 9. Railroads shall specify polarity and roundel configurations but in all cases absence of energy shall result in the most restrictive aspect. 10, The moving element bearings shall be of the knife-edge type, constructed from a corrosion-resistant material designed and selected to withstand continued and severe vibration in service, as further specified in Section M. 11. Minimum working magnetic air gap shall be 0.045 in (1.14 mm) for de mechanism and 0.035 in (0.89 mm) for ac mechanism. 12. Armature end play shall be not less than 0.004 in (0.10 mm) nor more than 0.012 in (0.30 mm). 13. The complete armature assembly shall develop a torque of not less than 1 in-oz (7.06 N-mm) in the direction of the most restrictive position. 14. Operating mechanism should be furnished with suitable air gap lightning arrester. 18. Operating mechanism should be furnished with plug coupler. 16. Operating mechanism should be furnished with contacts. D. Contacts 1 Contact elements shall be secured so that they will not shift nor become loose in shipment or service. Metal support of the non-fusible contact element shall not come within 1/16 in (1.59 mm) of the contact surface. © 2016 AREMA 2013 10. “1 12. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.4 Contacts of silver impregnated carbon to silver type shall be so designed that they cannot be mechanically locked or fused by the abnormal flow of current in service. For front contacts of silver impregnated carbon to silver type, the initial cleaned contact resistance shall not exceed 0.18 ohm per contact when operating mechanism is energized at working current. Each contact shall be designed to carry 2 A continuously and 3 A for 30 seconds without injurious heating. The resistance of the contacts during 100,000 operations (when operating 10 times per minute) shall not average more than 0.3 ohm per contact when the operating mechanism is energized at working current and when not breaking current or when breaking a non- inductive tungsten lamp load of 2 A at 10 V. The contact resistance should be determined by taking at least 20 readings on each contact of the operating mechanism at intervals of 5 000 operations during the test. The average of all readings should be considered the contact resistance. For contacts of the metal to metal type, the initial cleaned contact resistance shall not exceed 0.03 ohm per contact. Each contact shall be designed to carry 2 A continuously and 3 A for 30 seconds without injurious heating Contact for each mechanism position shall not be made until full color indication is displayed Contact opening shall not be less than 0.050 in (1.27 mm). Flexible conductor connecting the binding post and contact finger shall be sized to carry 10 A continuously without damage to the conductor. Binding posts supporting the fixed parts of front and back contacts shall be fastened in their supports so as to preclude adjustment of any kind without first breaking the seal of the operating mechanism. ‘An adjustable resistance of suitable capacity should be furnished and mounted on terminal boards or on a reflector assembly to provide adjustment of lamp voltage. Lamp receptacle shall be designed for single contact bayonet candelabra base lamp and shall be accurately located and rigidly secured in position to obtain maximum optical efficiency with lamp specified in Section F.4. Reflector units shall be plainly marked defining the type of signal operating mechanism for which the unit is adjusted. The reflector shall be securely mounted in the unit to prevent loss of optical efficiency. AREMA® C&S Manu: art 7.1.4 2013 E. Operating Characteristics 1, Operating characteristics shall conform to the Table of Operating Values of Color Light Signal Mechanisms, Searchlight Type in Manual Part 7.4.1 Recommended Instructions for Light Signals. 2. The range is defined as the distance on a tangent at which, under bright sunlight conditions and with the sun at or near the zenith, the aspects are clear and distinct to a person with normal vision. 3. Range should be determined with signal equipped with lens units of horizontal angle of visual spread specified in Section E.7, 4. Range should be not less than 5 000 ft (1 524 m) when using plano- convex doublet lens combination without cover glass and when lighted with a 10 volt, 5 watt single filament lamp, operating at 9.0 volts, 5. _ Aneffective close-up signal aspect shall be provided. 6. The angle of spread is defined as the angle included by the portion of the beam within which the intensity of the beam is not less than 50% of the candlepower of the axial beam 7. The angle of spread for the plano-convex doublet lens combination without cover glass having a 10 volt, 5 watt single filament lamp, operating at 9.0 volts, should be not less than 1.5°. Component Parts 4, Backgrounds shall be provided for high signals with the diameter not less than 36 in (889 mm). 2. Hoods shall be provided and their length, not less than 10-1/2 in (267 mm) long for high signals, not less than 5-1/2 in (140 mm) long for dwar signals, and extend more than half-way around the lens opening 3. Hoods should be designed to minimize the probability of snow or ice accumulating on the lens or cover glass. 4, Electric lamp shall conform to Manual Part 14.2.1 Recommended Design Griteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Incandescent Electric Lamps and should be single contact bayonet candelabra base with 1-1/4 in (31.75 mm) light center length and the filament accurately positioned to plus or minus 1/64 in (0.40 mm) for light center length and axial alignment. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Part 7.1.4 5. Lenses and roundels shall conform to Manual Part 7.1.10 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Signal Roundels, Lenses, Discs and Cones. 6. Outer lens shall be 8-3/8 in (213 mm) diameter. 7. Inner lens shall match the outer lens properly for efficient operation as a doublet combination. 8. Color disc roundels in the operating mechanism shall be protected by a metallic rim. 9. For green aspects, color discs shall consist of two semicircular sections perfectly matched and adequately secured in the rim in such manner as to Prevent passage of white light. Mounting 1. High signal should be mounted on a bracket for side-of-pole mounting with independent horizontal and vertical adjustments for alignment of the projected beam 2. Dwarf signal should be mounted on a base arranged for bolting to a foundation with means for providing independent horizontal alignment and also an independent vertical alignment. H. Wire and Wiring 1. See Manual Part 7.5.1 Identical Items "Boilerplate" for all Manual Parts in Section 7, Section J. 2. Mechanism shall be wired with stranded insulated wire not less than No. 18 AWG (0.823 mm’). 1 Painting A finish coat of non-reflecting black shall be applied to all exposed metallic front parts of the signal housing and to the metallic surfaces directly back of the inner lens. See Manual Part 7.5.1, Section L. J. Binding Posts 1, Binding posts, nuts, and washers shall conform to Manual Part 141.11 Recommended Design Criteria for Binding Posts, Nuts & Washers, Details & Assemblies. © 2016 AREMA Part 7.1.0 AREMA® C&S Manu: 2013 Binding posts shall conform to Manual Part 14.1.12 Recommended Design Criteria for Standard Binding Posts. Binding posts shall be mounted so they cannot be turned in the base of frame to which applied. They shall be properly insulated from each other and other metallic parts. Terminal blocks and connectors shall conform to Manual Part 14.1.2 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Solderless Screw-Clamp or Screwless Cage-Clamp Terminal Blocks Used in Wiring Signal Apparatus with Copper Wire Only. K. Coil Insulat 1 Coils shall be wound with insulated wire and treated so as not be to injuriously affected by atmospheric conditions or by changes in temperatures between -40 °F (-40 °C) and +185 °F (+85 °C). Insulating material used in construction and winding of coils shall be chemically neutral. Coils external to the housing of moving parts shall be impregnated with insulating compound conforming to Manual Part 15.2.1 Recommended Development Criteria for Compound for Impregnation of Electrical Windings or with insulating varnish conforming to Manual Part 15.2.2 Recommended Development Criteria for Varnish for Treatment of Electrical Windings or they may be encapsulated with an approved material. Coils adjacent to moving parts, armature air gaps or contacts shall be treated with insulating varnish conforming to Manual Part 15.2.2 or, they may be encapsulated with an approved material Material used for encapsulation shall be compatible with other material used in the windings and equipment. Encapsulated windings shall have the terminals or leads sealed so as to prevent entrance of moisture. Coils shall be so insulated that they will withstand the insulation test provided in Section L. This test should be made by mounting the coil on a snugly fit metal mandrel and making breakdown tests between mandrel and winding: also by standing coil on each end in turn on a metal plate and testing between plate and winding. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Part 7.4.4 8 Each coil shall be plainly and permanently marked showing the manufacturer's reference and nominal resistance. 9. Each coil shall be secured to prevent its movement by vibration with respect to the core where mounted in a device. 10. Refer to Manual Part 15.2.4 Recommended Selection and Application Criteria of Insulating Materials Used in Coils for Magnetic Assemblies and in Other Electrical Devices. L. Dielectric Requirements 1 See Manual Part 11.5.1 Recommended Environmental Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Railroad Signal System Equipment. Lamp receptacle shall withstand for one minute an insulation test of 800 volts ac, A surface leakage distance of not less than 1/4 in (6.35 mm) shall be provided between any exposed metallic part of the apparatus carrying current and any other metallic part hereof. Separate windings, which are insulated from each other, shall conform to Manual Part 11.5.1 Windings shall be checked for shorts by approved methods, Refer to Manual Part 15.2.5 Recommended Dielectric Requirements for the Design and Installation of Electrical Equipment and Other Electrical Devices, Environmental See Manual Part 11.5.1 Recommended Environmental Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Railroad Signal System Equipment, Class B. N. Identification 1 Magnet coils and resistors should be plainly marked with manufacturer's reference. Operating mechanism shall have, in a location where it can be readily seen when in its operating position, the following data: a. Serial number of operating mechanism. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1. 2013 b. _ Resistance of coils. c. Operating characteristics. d. Date tested. e. Identification of tester. 3, Name plate should be provided on operating mechanism listing serial number, resistance and manufacturer's name. 4, Wiring diagram should be placed inside the signal mechanism housing © 2016 AREMA 2013 Recommended De A. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manu: Part 7.’ ign Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for an LED Light Unit Used in Wayside Signal Applications Revised 2013 (5 Pages) Purpose This Manual Part recommends design criteria and functionaV/operating guidelines for an LED light unit used in Wayside Signal Applications, Definitions Pertaining to this Manual Part 1 Cold Filament Test: A test of incandescent bulbs to verify that the bulb filament is intact when the bulb is not lit (ie. light is capable of being emitted, but is not being emitted during the test). For LED signals, the equivalent test will verify that the wiring and associated circuitry is intact up to the signal head. Hot Filament Test: A test of incandescent bulbs to verify that the bulb filament is intact while the bulb is lit (Le. light is being emitted). For LED signals the equivalent test will verify that at least 50% of the individual LED's installed are operable. Light Out Detection: Light out detection is a method of verifying if a signal is still operable. On an incandescent signal it is accomplished by monitoring the circuit to ensure the circuit is still complete (no break). Light out detection for an LED or LED array shall ensure the LED is still operating at a minimum level. For an LED array the minimum operable level is considered 50% of the installed diodes on an array. Design LED Wayside Signal Units shall be designed in compliance with the following design requirements: 1 LED Wayside Signal units shall be designed to operate in the appropriate environment as specified in Manual Part 11.5.1 Recommended Environmental Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Railroad Signal ‘System Equipment. LED Wayside Signal units shall be designed to meet environmental requirements as specified in Manual Part 11.5.1. System shall be protected against surges utilizing adequate surge protection as described in Manual Part 11.2.1 Recommended General AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Practices for Electrical Surge Protection for Signal Systems and manufacturer's recommendations. System shall meet surge withstand requirements of Manual Part 11.3.3 Recommended Design Criteria for Surge Withstand Capability of Electronic Signal Equipment for Signal Systems. LED Wayside Signal Units shall be designed in accordance with Manual Part 17.3.1 Recommended Safety Assurance Program for Electronic/Software-Based Equipment and Systems Used in Vital Signal Applications. The following failure modes shall be considered unacceptable in design of LED Wayside Signals. (This includes secondary failures in combination with non self-revealing failures as defined in Manual Part 17.3.1, Section C.12.) a. LED Wayside Signal Units shall not flash (at any rate or for any duration) when the operating voltage is steady and between 0 volts and the max rated input voltage. This applies under both normal and failure conditions of the LED Wayside Signal Unit. b, LED Wayside Signal Units shall not flash (at any rate or for any duration) in response to processor-based check signals, where used, under normal or failure conditions of the LED Wayside Signal Unit. c. Where Light Out Detection is required, the detection system shall operate properly under normal or failure conditions of the LED Wayside Signal Unit. This includes all voltages where the LED Wayside Signal may light, not just the minimum rated voltage. Note: While it is not required for the LED Wayside Signal to operate below the minimum rated voltage, the Light Out Detection Circuits must work to whatever levels that allow the LED to generate light. 4. LED Wayside Signals shall not display an incorrect color aspect (for single units displaying multiple colors) under normal or failure conditions of the LED Wayside Signal Unit. e. For LED Wayside Signals interfacing to systems with both Hot and Cold Filament Checks, the Cold Filament Check shall not be successfully passed if the Hot Filament Check would fail. This applies under normal or failure conditions. Note: Failure to achieve this may lead to a flashing signal as the -2- © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Part 7.1.5 signal is downgraded due to a Hot Filament Failure, then upgraded again when the Cold Filament Test is passed. 6. Chromaticity of an LED Wayside Signal Unit shall comply with current AREMA Recommended Practices found in Manual Part 7.1.10 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional / Operating Guidelines for Signal Roundels, Lenses, Discs and Cones. 7. The LED Wayside Signal Unit shall be designed to minimize the ‘occurrence of a phantom aspect from being displayed due to an external light source. 8. The LED Wayside Signal Unit shall generate at least its specified candela output over its rated lifetime and operating range. Manufacturer shall supply photometric table of luminous intensity vs. horizontal and vertical spread. 9. The LED Wayside Signal Unit shall be designed to prevent operation due to inductive coupling from adjacent wiring, Note: This is a particular concern for signals described in E.1 below that may operate on very low power levels. This refers to both design and installation issues. 10. Manufacturer shall clearly define the operating lifetime for the wayside LED signal unit to maintain its rated light output. D. LED Wayside Signals for Use with Existing Relay and Processor-based ‘Systems 4. LED Wayside Signals may consist of one of the following two options. For the remainder of these recommendations, the term “LED Wayside Signal’ shall refer to either option. a. An LED Wayside Signal may be a single unit capable of being directly mounted in a signal head and directly connected to the existing control circuitry. b. An LED Wayside Signal may consist of two portions. The first portion may be mounted in an existing signal head. The second portion is an interface control unit and may be mounted in the wayside enclosure or other appropriate location. When LED Wayside Signals interface with an extemal interface control unit, they shall be clearly labeled as requiring such interface control unit. © 2016 AREMA Note: AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Each of options 4.2 and 1.b above shall contain Light Out Detection if required by the application Where Light Out Detection is not provided, the LED Wayside Signal shall be clearly labeled as not providing this function. LED Wayside Signals without “Light Out” detection are still required to operate safely under the failure conditions identified in Section B.3 of this Manual Part. A “Light Out’ condition shall be determined when 50% or less of the rated candela output is being generated during the rated lifetime of the wayside LED signal. LED Wayside Signal Units shall be designed to interface with control circuits with the following attributes. a, Operating voltages of the LED Signal Unit shall be one of the following (1) 8.5 volts to 16 volts de and 8.5 volts to 16 volts ac. (2) 8.5 volts to 16 volts ac. (3) 8.5 volts to 16 volts de (4) 110 volts ac nominal. Unit must be clearly marked for operating voltage range and polarity where applicable. Dc powered LED Wayside Signal Unit shall draw at least 1 ampere at the minimum rated voltage when it is energized and generating greater than 50% of its rated output (or greater than 50% of the LED's are generating light output). When equipped for “light out" detection, de powered LED Wayside Signal Unit shall draw less than 5 mA at the maximum rated voltage when it is in a ‘light out” condition. The LED Wayside Signal Unit shall not generate visible light of any duration during the periodic operational check pulses used by many processor-based devices. These pulses may be of full output power but of less than 5 ms duration. The repetition rate of these pulses may vary from 100 ms to 1s. -4- © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Part 7.1.5 E. LED Wayside Signals for Use with Alternative Control Interfaces LED Wayside Signal Units may be designed for alternative control interfaces when a complete LED Wayside Signal System (including drive circuitry) is installed. For these applications, the LED Wayside Signal shall be clearly marked as to the required interface. © 2016 AREMA -5- 2016 AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.6 Recommended Operational Guidelines for the Application of LEDs as A. Pury Replacement Lamps in Existing Incandescent Signals New 2016 (5 Pages) se This Manual Part recommends application guidelines for the use of one-for-one replacement LED light units into existing incandescent signal heads where light out detection is not required. The intent of this manual part is to provide instructions to prevent improper application of LED light units in incandescent signal heads which may result in a less restrictive signal indication than intended, B. Definitions Pertaining to this Manual Part 1 LED: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. Focal Point: Also called principal focus, the point on the axis on which parallel rays of light converge or from which they appear to diverge after refraction or reflection. A central point of focus. LCL: Light Center Length. The distance between the center of the filament, or arc tube, and a reference plane - usually the bottom of the lamp base. ‘One for one replacement: An LED light unit utilized as a one-for-one drop in replacement for an incandescent lamp in an existing signal head. ARL: Average Rated Life. The life of the lamp is the rated average laboratory life in hours. Lumens: A measure of the luminous flux or quantity of light emitted by a source. Candela: The measure of luminous intensity of a source in a given direction. The term is defined as producing one candela in every direction. A plot of intensity versus direction is called a candela distribution curve and is often provided for reflectorized lamps and for luminaries with a lamp operating in them. Color Temperature: The number indicating the degree of "yellowness" or "plueness" of a white light source. Measured in kelvins, Color Temperature represents the temperature an incandescent object (like a -1- © 2016 AREMA Part 7.1.6 10. "1 12. 13. 14, 15. AREMA® C&S Manual 2016 filament) must reach to mimic the color of the lamp. Yellowish-white (‘warm’) sources, like incandescent lamps, have lower color temperatures in the 2700 K-3000 K range; white and bluish-white ("cool") sources, such as cool white (4100 K) and natural daylight (6000 k), have higher color temperatures. The higher the color temperature the whiter, or bluer, the light will be Chromaticity: The color of the light emitted by an LED signal module, specified as xy or x and y chromaticity coordinates on the chromaticity diagram according to the 1931 Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) standard observer and coordination system. Duty Cycle: The amount of time during a given unit of time that an LED signal unit is actually energized. LED light source: A single LED or an array of LEDs that produce light. Lumen (Im): SI unit of luminous flux. Power Consumption: The electrical power in watts consumed by an LED signal module when operated at nominal voltage and ambient operating temperature range. Rated Voltage: The nominal or designed operating voltage of the LED signal unit Rated Watts: The average initial power (watts) consumed when the lamp is operated at rated voltage. General Considerations 1 The basic purpose of a signal is to display the proper aspect to an engineer. When compared to incandescent signals, LED signals potentially may provide for improved visibility, higher reliability, reduced maintenance, ease of installation, set up, and lower power consumption. The benefit of a one-for-one replacement LED is that the module can be installed in the signal head itself without modifying either the existing signal head wiring or the control circuitry Interfacing with existing equipment in the field is a major issue for LED signals. The primary goal is to ensure the proper type and color of replacement LED signal unit is utlized without introducing unintended color shift. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual 2016 Part 7.1 4, To avoid the washout of incandescent aspects, LED signal aspects shall not be comingled with incandescent aspects that are in visual proximity to or in the same signal unit or structure 5. Lamp considerations include: a. Color replacement: When a color lens is in place, the same color LED shall be utilized as a replacement. Green to Green, Red to Red, etc. A white LED shall not be used behind a colored lens. Unlike an incandescent lamp, a white LED behind a colored lens will not produce the lumens desired or color intended and could be misinterpreted b. Base: The Base type shall match the existing Socket. Most existing signal heads are configured with either a BA-15S (single contact) or a BA-15D (dual contact) socket c. Light Center Length: Consideration must be given to the positioning of the LED in the center of the existing lens assembly. The LED or LEDs must align with the center point of the filament location on the lamp being replaced. d. Focal Point Adjustment: Focus may change with the installation of an LED. LEDs are manufactured with various view angles; consequently adjustments may be required. . —_ Chromaticity requirements in accordance with Manual Part 7.1.10 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Signal Roundels, Lenses, Discs and Cones D. Operating Characteristics 1. Operating characteristics shall conform to the Table of Operating Values of Color Light Signal Mechanisms, Searchlight Type in Manual Part 7.4.1 Recommended Instructions for Light Signals, and other applicable requirements stated in Manual Part 7.1.4 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for a Color-Light Signal, Searchlight Type and Manual Part 11.5.1 Recommended Environmental Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Railroad Signal System Equipment. Operating voltages of the LED Light Unit shall be one of the following: a. 8.5 volts to 16 volts de and 8.5 volts to 16 volts ac. b. 8.5 volts to 16 volts ac. -3- © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.4.6 2016 c. _ 8.5 volts to 16 volts de. d. 110 volts ac nominal operating voltage 3. All signals shall meet the requirements of Manual Part 7.5.1 Identical Items “Boilerplate” for all Manual Parts in Section 7. 4. Dielectric Requirements. See Manual Part 11.5.1 Recommended Environmental Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Railroad Signal ‘System Equipment. 5. Component Parts: a, Light Emitting Diode Fixture: A light unit consisting of one or more light diodes arranged as to align with the existing LCL of the lamp being replaced in the existing signal head. b. Base: Bases shall be moisture-proof, for long life lamps the base should contain an anticorrosion coating such as nickel or be made of an anti-corrosive material. c. Color Lenses: Lenses and roundels shall conform to Manual Part 7.1.10 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Signal Roundels, Lenses, Discs and Cones. Identification 1 Each lamp should be plainly marked with rating or trade number and manufacturer's name or trademark on the LED or base where space permits. 2. Color of the LED should be plainly marked on the base or on the LED. 3. ‘Serial number. 4. Operating voltage. 5. Date code or date of manufacturing. Environment 1, The LED signal module shall conform to Manual Part 11.5.1 Recommended Environmental Requirements for Electrical and Electronic Railroad Signal System Equipment. Class B. 2. The LED module should be protected against dust and moisture intrusion. © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual 2016 Part 7.1.6 3. The LED module lens shall be UV stabilized, © 2016 AREMA 2013 AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.10 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Signal Roundels, Lenses, Discs and Cones Revised 2013 (12 Pages) A. Purpose This Manual Part recommends design criteria and functional/operating guidelines for roundels, lenses, discs and cones for railroad signaling. B. Design Criteria 1. ‘Signal, roundels, lenses, discs and cones, as defined in Manual Part 1.1.1 Recommended Definitions for Technical Terms Used in Railway Signaling shall be referred to as "glassware" in these recommendations. Signal glassware may be made of glass, plastic or similar material. This material shall withstand prolonged exposure to normal atmospheric conditions and be free from streaks, wrinkles, chips or bubbles that reduce efficiency or restrict use. The colored glassware shall be one of the following colors, and shall be suitable for use with incandescent lamps, to conform to Manual Part 14.2.1 Recommended Design Criteria and Functional/Operating Guidelines for Incandescent Electric Lamps: a Red b. Yellow c. Green ¢.—_Lunar White e Blue The glassware shall meet the chromaticity and transmittance requirements as shown in Table 7110-1 and as determined in the Appendix of this Manual Part. The signal glassware should be of various types in accordance with the following designations: a. Spherical fresnel: One surface divided into concentric prismatic zones, opposite surface convex or concave smooth. © 2016 AREMA Part 7.1.10 AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 b. Spreadiight: Inner surface divided into concentric prismatic zones, outer surface fluted having molded arrows and numerals showing direction and degree of beam spread c. Cylindrical fresnel: Full 360 degrees, or cylindrical section, with horizontal exterior prismatic zones. d. Plano-convex: One surface plane (flat), one surface convex. Colored plano-convex lenses shall be limited to sizes not over 2 in (60.8 mm) in diameter. e. Special types. C. Identification 1 D. ‘Tests 1 The individual pieces of glassware, large enough to carry molded lettering near the rim shall have permanent identification giving manufacturer's name or trademark, size, type, color and applicable aids to correct use such as focal length and beam spread Labels should be affixed carrying the name of the color in the cases of Blue and Lunar White. Label and adhesive shall be readily removable without detrimental effect on product On small items including 1-in (25.4 mm) discs and cones, molded markings may be omitted and color certification labels should be attached to bundles of several pieces. Removable roundels over 1-1/2 in (38.1 mm) diameter having prismatic surfaces should carry permanent marking to indicate degree of beam deviation produced Equipment for testing should consist of certified standard filters representing chromaticity limits and known transmittances, a lamp or lamps standardized for a color temperature of 2854 K and a photometer or color comparator or other instruments suitable for comparing the light transmitted by the glassware with that transmitted by the certified inspection standard The inspection standards should be in the form of flat polished glasses certified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or Society of Automotive Engineers Standards (SAE) as conforming to the tolerances for duplicates of the primary standards maintained at that © 2016 AREMA 2013 AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.10 organization. Detailed description of standards is given in the Appendix to this manual part. The acceptability of glassware for chromaticity should be judged by a trained operator with normal vision using a color comparator to compare light transmitted by the glassware with light transmitted by the applicable inspection standard when each is transmitting light from an incandescent lamp having a color temperature of approximately 2854 K or it may be measured with photoelectric equipment having sensitivity to chromaticity differences equivalent to the normal human eye. All glassware should have chromaticity characteristics similar to those of the applicable standard. The procedure for chromaticity testing should be equivalent to that outlined in the Appendix, and acceptable glassware shall meet the following requirements: a. _ Red glassware shall be not visibly yellower nor less saturated in color than the yellow limit inspection standard. b. Yellow glassware shall not be visibly greener nor less saturated in color than the applicable green limit, nor redder than the applicable red limit inspection standard, c. Green glassware shall not be visibly yellower nor paler than the applicable yellow limit, nor bluer than the applicable blue limit inspection standard, d. Lunar White glassware shall be not visibly yellower than the applicable yellow limit nor bluer than the applicable blue limit inspection standard, e. Blue glassware shall be not paler than the applicable pale limit inspection standard and shall not pass any more red light than the pale limit inspection standard. The test for red light transmittance should be accomplished by placing a duplicate of NIST Red glass No. 86 in front of one photometer lamp, then quickly alternating the blue glassware and the pale limit blue inspection standard in the line of vision with that lamp. Acceptable blue glassware should appear equal to or darker than this inspection standard. Transmittance test should be made on all glassware except yellow discs and cones. Measurement should be made with a photometer and acceptability should be dependent upon meeting the minimum values specified in Table 7110-1. The inspector should require that each photometer operator demonstrate that the photometer is correctly © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manua Part 7.1.10 2013 calibrated. The procedure for transmittance test should be equivalent to that outlined in the Appendix. Table 7110-1: Characteristics Requiring Test According to Glassware Type and Application GLASSWARE CHARACTERISTIC TOBE TESTED] sca No OF NSTLINT TyPeanD. | coLor | “cHROMATiTY GLASS REPRESENTED BY APPLICATION we INSPECTION STANDARD’ aa Yaar Te Fed Tan = Yalow Radin 12 Yalow Green in 1 Yow Tome 2 Green Fae 73 ‘ees bere ‘Green Bive Limit 7 or warsise 2888 | —~ Green oor 7 Be Fae #5 Bie Taian 7 Bie Maxed wee Thar we | Yatow In 12 Taner ii Bho B Lunar ite Cain 3 Fed Teor Te Red Tot a vaio Geen 705 alo aint 200 Des and canes or | —Yator Tin apeaTES Ceorsngn ehow TR = Greer She 70 Greet Tien 73 ie a ar Cis re sare as foresees, above aa Taw Round an teees | Res TET 0 ‘extgrmay at |] — Fa aso ; Red Page Ui ad Yalow a fal Toon a retichand rem yaa ea ue unr Lins resume as fone, odes, above aa ST rane nanan Yeon i z Lenses and oundels See Link a {or all applications) 0.162 min 74 Maminant Dea Sa Ts Tor KeTaRETe as above Tor Tees, GUnGENS, le. wih SeaiC “Use inspection standards certified as duplicates of National Institute of Standards & Technology. "Use inspection standards as contained in Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International) color specification for electric signal lighting devices - SAE J578_200612, 4- © 2016 AREMA 2013 cc. AREMA® C&S Manu: Part 7.1.10 APPENDIX Purpose This appendix gives the values and basis for numerical specification of signal colors, necessary test equipment characteristics, and tolerances for preparing certified duplicates of primary standard glasses. Basis of Standards and Measurements The values given in these design criteria were derived from spectrophotometric data obtained by the Photometry and Colorimetry Section, National Institute of Standards and Technology. These values were computed on the following basis: 1. Observer and coordinate system - 1931 CIE* Standard, 2, Illuminant - CIE Illuminant A (a gas-filled tungsten filament lamp operated at a color temperature of 2854 K according to the international temperature scale of 1948). 3. Angular incidence of illumination - approximately at right angles to the surface of the glass or at focal point of lens. Chromaticity Method of Defining Colors Any color can, in general, be adequately specified in terms of three colorimetric quantities. In the case of the signal colors, the three quantities adequate for the purpose are two numbers defining the chromaticity of the color and one number defining the luminous transmittance of the glass. Since no two observers would, in general, get the same numbers by direct observation (because of difference in luminosity function and chroma vision) it is desirable to express such numbers in terms of a hypothetical average normal observer. Such an observer was defined by resolutions adopted at the 1931 meeting of the International Commission on Illumination at Cambridge (Proceedings, pp.19-29). The chromaticity of a color expressed in terms of this 1931 Standard Observer is given by numbers x, y and z (called chromaticity coordinates), which may be considered as the respective proportions of the red, green, and blue primaries in the color. Since the sum of x, y and z always equals unity, the chromaticity is adequately specified by giving two of the numbers x and y. * CIE~Commission Internationale de I'Eciairage (formerly ICI--International Commission on ilumination) © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manu art 7.4.10 2013 The chromaticity of all colors may, therefore, be represented graphically on a chromaticity diagram with values of y plotted against values of x. Permissible values of chromaticity for the signal colors are represented by certain areas on this diagram; the boundaries of these areas may be expressed as functions of x and y. Itmay be emphasized that x and y refer to the chromaticity of the illuminant-glass combination and that a glass which meets the requirements with a given illuminant may not do so with a different illuminant. The graphic presentation of chromaticity areas for each color as governed by the primary standards has been redrawn so that the boundaries realistically define the glassware color quality obtainable with good inspection practice using certified duplicates of the primary standards. The boundaries thus take into account the accuracy of reasonable color-matching judgment by an inspector and the accuracy of preparing duplicates of the primary standards by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. DD. Transmittance Scale The transmission characteristics of signal glasses are expressed herein directly in terms of transmittances according to the CIE Standard Observer. The transmittance of a colored lens or roundel is defined as the ratio of light transmitted to that transmitted by an identical colorless lens or roundel. EE. Testing Equipment and Methods An acceptable chromaticity testing instrument shall embody a divided viewing field where light passing through a test piece and light passing through a standard glass are viewed immediately adjacent to one another at a comfortable intensity with a dark surrounding. Means shall be provided for adjusting these adjacent parts of the field to equal intensity while comparing their chromaticities. The light for the respective portions of the field shall originate from the same lamp, or from two lamps with independently adjustable current supplies to assure that light of the same color temperature illuminates the test piece and standard. With test piece and standard removed from the instrument, the portions of the field shall appear the same chromaticity without visible separation. ‘An accurately calibrated photometer shall constitute a satisfactory instrument for testing small glassware such as discs, cones and filters of uniform cross-section. For large glassware, each light source or photometer lamp shall be at least 2 in in diameter and of uniform brightness. The source shall be located at the focal point for a lens or directly behind a representative central section for a prismatic roundel being tested. Glassware of uneven section such as blown lantern globes shall be tested through several places and judged as acceptable or rejectable by the extremes. © 2016 AREMA 2013 FF. AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.10 In order that photoelectric chromaticity testing equipment be considered qualifying for use instead of a visual instrument, it shall demonstrate a clearly readable response for the following coordinate differences in the respective color regions: red, x=0,0009, y=0.0003; yellow, x=0.0008, y=0.0011; green, x=0.0006, y=0.0012; blue, x=0,0003, y=0.0004; lunar white, x=0.0007, y=0.0008. Photoelectric transmittance measuring equipment, if used, shall employ a photo cell corrected to eye sensitivity and shall be accurate to plus or minus 2% of each value indicated. The transmittance measuring procedure, whether visual or photoelectric, for prismatic or diffusing lenses or roundels shall include calibrating the instrument by first substituting a colorless piece of glassware of the type to be tested and covering the test side of the eyepiece or photocell with an appropriate transmittance standard. This transmittance standard is removed from the first field and replaced by plain, colorless glass during test of the colored lens or prismatic roundel. Calibration for the test of parallel surfaced, non-diffusing, colored glassware may be done with only the transmittance standard in place. Blue glassware requires an additional test for the purpose of limiting its red light transmittance so as to prevent the signal appearing purple. (Small amounts of Ted light which might not be detected in a close range chromaticity test can give a distance blue aspect a confusing purple appearance due to chromatic aberration of the eye. Many observers describe the purple aspect as a pink spot surrounded by blue, and since the colors appear to be separated in space, the CIE color mixture principles do not adequately describe visible differences.) There are two methods of measuring red transmission of blue glassware. The test method required is a simple comparison of the amount of red passed by the test piece with the amount passed by the pale limit blue standard. The other method, applicable to standard glasses, is calculation of Tr/Tw called the red to white ratio. This is defined as the ratio of light transmitted at wave lengths 650 mu and longer to the total light transmitted Chromaticity Definitions of Signal Colors Red for wayside signals and train markers yis not greater than 0.288 y is not less than 0.998 - x Red for hand lanterns y is not greater than 0.296 y is not less than 0.998 - x Red for highway-rail grade crossings: y is not greater than 0.330 © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.10 2013 y is not less than 0.998 - x Yellow: y is not greater than 0.430 y is not less than 0.384 y is not less than 0.862-0.783x x is not less than 0.554 Green y is not less than 0.506-0.519x y is not less than 0.150 + 1.068x y is not greater than 0.817 - x Lunar White: x is not greater than 0.441 xis not less than 0.329 y is not greater than 0.510x + 0.186 y is not less than 0.510x + 0.170 Blue: xis not greater than 0.179 y is not greater than 0.209 y is not greater than 0.734x + 0.088 Tr/Tw is not greater than 0.006 -8- © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual 2013, Part 7.1.10 ¥+0.330 330 = RED 320} (oeran) > 310 y 300 290) .280) 610 B80 630 700 x 70 20 jure 7110-A1: Diagrams Illustrating Chromaticity Section FF © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual Part 7.1.10 2013 moet Ppt errr rere reer pert Fo 2B... ChmoMAriciTY DIAGRAM 4 “9930 aie 1931 CAE. (Wet) STANOARD OBSERVER ano GOORDINATE SYSTEM RAILROAD SIGNAL COLORS veLLow - AAR SFECIPICATION BoUOARES = TOL eaten reurenarune Locus - a Sagan CLASSE SOURCE AT 2 = G Starenno cusssa sounce AT woes sn om Figure 7110-A2: Chromaticity Diagram According to 1931 C.L.E. (I.C.l.) Standard Observer and Coordinate System Railroad Signal Colors =40- © 2016 AREMA AREMA® C&S Manual 2013 Part 7.1.10 GG. Chromaticity Table Listed below is the accuracy required in preparing duplicates of primary standard limit glasses for use as inspection limit glasses. Chromaticity coordinates and transmittances with 2854 K source. Serial numbers of glasses can be found in publication NBS/NIST - MONO 75 "Color of Lights, Selection, Definition and Measurement, Production and Use" at National Institute of Standards and Technology. (Ref. Figure 7110-A2) Table 7110-2: Chromaticity Table ‘Pray Lint Gass Irapecton Limit Gisse roma, “Tolerances Lenses and roundels 2800 sys 2475 foevayside signals 329983 sean markers 700 ST 1150 2780 sy 32785 720098 o4g0cts 0620 Yelow, Pale Green Limit #141 sariseys 291 x= 3500 oto ~ 78x sy < 3660-7034 yo 91 ‘100 515 520 Yellow, Red Limit Trans Sd 42 | A135 xy 24465 ‘xo ise WLIO. 707T sy 48235-7027 ye ast 3550 <1 5.4000 ‘Green Pade List 34 125 sy s4is0 wees 068% 1530 sy 1.96% +1560 yeas 253051 52680 (Green, Boe Limit 7 = 5190+ 5075 <9 <5190%+ 5120, xm 3088 Sooox + 2948 zy .5000x + 2390 y=016 1900's 5 2200 ‘Lana White, Yellow Limit #124 3644 sx 3664 xo 3656 S000 +1115 4y 7000+ 1145 y= 3688 3150 sTS4178 ‘Lana White, Be Limit 973 sae se s2318 x= 3308 8300x0608 sy <8500e + 064 ya 305 2750's 3000 ‘lve, Pale Limit #478 12 gy

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