SAVINGS AND EXPENDITURE PRACTICES AMONG DSWD 4P’S RECIPIENTS IN

SANTIAGO CITY

A Business Research
Presented to
the Faculty of the College of Business Education
University of La Salette, Inc.
Santiago City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Major in Financial Management

Charisse Ambulario
Jhannakaye Antonio
Angelo Cabrera

March 2021
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a human development

measure of the national government that provides conditional cash grants to the poorest

of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition, and the education of children aged 0-18. It

is patterned after the conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in Latin American and

African countries, which have lifted millions of people around the world from poverty.

"Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program: GOVPH," (2015).

The 4Ps also helps the Philippine government fulfill its commitment to the

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)—specifically in eradicating extreme poverty

and hunger, in achieving universal primary education, in promoting gender equality, in

reducing child mortality, and in improving maternal health care.

Issues and concerns on the 4Ps are classified into improving public service

including nonidentification of supposed beneficiaries, areas regarded as GIDA, need to

establish rapport with partner agencies, system concerns, and protracted grievance

mechanism process. Next, increasing public integrity: non-compliance to guidelines,

poor attitude on public health, and issues of permanence and fear of discontinuance.

And last, managing public resources, lack of data updating and tracking mechanism,

lack of personnel, decentralization, lack of information dissemination, and delayed cash

transfer.
 This study aims to know the expenditure of the 4Ps recipients, and to help them

be knowledgeable enough to handle their finances when they receive the cash granted.

For that reason, they will be spending their money effectively.

Research Problems

This study seeks to know the savings and expenditures practices of DSWD 4P’s

recipients in Santiago City and to improve their prior knowledge for the effective usage

of the cash grant.

Research Questions

1. Bio-data of 4Ps member

1.1 Name

1.2 Age

1.3 Number of family member

1.4 Occupation of each member

2. What is the effect of the financial assistance to the 4ps beneficiaries?

3. What are the benefits enjoyed by 4ps beneficiaries?

4. What are the expenditure practices of 4ps beneficiaries?

Significance of the study

This study will help to establish an understanding on the savings and expenditure

practices of 4P’s recipients. Furthermore, this study will benefit the following:
4P’s Recipients

This study mainly benefits the 4P’s recipients themselves. Through this research,

they will purposely know the effective savings and expenditure of the cash grant which

they are privileged about.

Government

This study is beneficial to the government, through this research, they can trace

the people who are deserving to be given the cash grant since we will know the

savings and expenditure of the people that are granted.

Future 4P’s Recipients

The future 4P’s recipients will find out the different savings and expenditure

practices of the 4P’s recipients, through this, they will know the effective way of

savings and expenditure of the cash grants from the government.

Theoretical Background

Poverty levels in the Philippines are affected by unrestrained population growth.

The average poor family in the Philippines consists of six or more members. Similar to

other countries, impoverished regions typically have higher birth rates. In rural areas in

the Philippines, the average woman will have 3.8 children compared to the cities where

the average woman will have 2.8.

Four out of 10 poor families in urban areas do not have decent living conditions.

Most of the poor households in urban areas reside as informal settlements in slum

areas of major cities like Manila. These homes do not include proper facilities and also
are bad for the environment. These settlers typically move to major cities from other

provinces in search of better economic opportunity and livelihood (Diane Adame August

19, 2018)

The 4Ps also helps the Philippine government to fulfill its commitment to the

MDGs (Millennium Development Goals)—specifically in achieving universal primary

education, eradicating extreme hunger and thirst (poverty in general), in improving

maternal health care, to reduce child mortality, and promoting gender equality as well.

Until the mid-1930s the theory of saving was simple. In classical economics, saving was

an increasing function of the rate of interest. Investment was a decreasing function of

the interest rate. Together the savings and investment functions gave the equilibrium

level of saving (equal to capital formation) and the rate of interest. A British economist

named John Maynard Keynes’s General Theory changed this. In the Keynesian model

saving depended on disposable income. In the investment savings (IS)— liquidity

preference-money supply (LM) model the saving function plays a crucial role in the

determination of equilibrium output and expenditure. In the neo-classical synthesis, with

prices variable, the IS and LM curves yield an aggregate demand curve, which, in

conjunction with output determined by a perfectly inelastic aggregate supply curve,

means the saving function is an important determinant of the price level. In recent

years, economists have analyzed the optimum consumption behavior of the

representative household, where the rate of interest is again of importance in

determining savings (Smyth D.J., Montgomery E.B., Flavin M. (1993) Toward a Theory

of Saving. In: Gapinski J.H. (eds) The Economics of Saving. Recent Economic Thought

Series, vol 28. Springer, Dordrecht)

 Therefore, Issues and concerns on the 4Ps are classified into improving public

service including nonidentification of supposed beneficiaries, areas regarded as GIDA,

need to establish rapport with partner agencies, system concerns, and protracted

grievance mechanism process.

Increasing public integrity: non-compliance to guidelines, poor attitude on public

health, and issues of permanence and fear of discontinuance.

This theory aims to know the optimum consumption behavior of the

representative household, where the rate of interest is again of importance in

determining savings (Smyth D.J., Montgomery E.B., Flavin M. (1993) Toward a Theory

of Saving. In: Gapinski J.H. (eds) The Economics of Saving. Recent Economic Thought

Series, vol 28. Springer, Dordrecht).

According to Diane Adam (2018), Poverty levels in the Philippines are affected

by unrestrained population growth. The average poor family in the Philippines consists

of six or more members. Which explain the arising of extreme poverty in the Philippines.
 Conceptual Framework

Extreme incidence
of poverty in the
Philippines
Pantawid
The success of CCT
Pamilyang Responses to the
and
Demands and output Pilipino Program implementation
implementation in
supports as implemented of 4P’s
Latin America and
in Santiago City.
Carribean.

Social problems

Millennium
development goals
Literature Review

According to Defensor-Santiago (2010), the conditions attached to the current

4Ps of the DSWD require parents to undergo trainings on responsible parenthood, have

their children undergo health checkups and ensure school attendance. The program

ensures that there is sufficient resource for the health, nutrition and education of

children aged 0-14 years old.

Based on an article of POPCOM, (2018), Parenting of young children today takes

place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly

growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and

services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater

diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by

technology and increased access to information about parenting.

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a human development

measure of the national government that provides conditional cash grants to the poorest

of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition, and the education of children aged 0-18. It

is patterned after the conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in Latin American and

African countries, which have lifted millions of people around the world from poverty.

Tutor, M. (2013) stated that among poorest households, Pantawid Pamilya led to

increase per capita monthly total consumption, food expenditures and savings.

Expenditure shares of education and clothing increased, while that of fuel and

recreation declined.

According to Verdun, S. E., The average Filipino family spends nearly half of its

resources per month on food. The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) reported that at
the end of the second quarter of 2018, food expenditure stood as 41.5 percent of total

household expenditure.

In the Philippines, more than half of family members are identified as

dependents, based on Philippine Statistics Authority’s (PSA) July 2018 overall

dependency ratio of 57.7 percent.

Families in Western countries like the United States and United Kingdom spend

around 10% of their monthly expenditure on food. This means that the total family

income is mostly spent on food and less spending is made for clothing and other basic

service necessities such as housing, electricity, water and other social services such as

health and education.  

Families with highest poverty incidence such as those in the fishing and

agriculture sectors are hardest hit as high inflation rate remain unabated, making the

daily survival of poor Filipino families hard to address, more so with increasing family

size.  

According to an article ‘Observations of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program in the field’ (2013), it was stated that patterned after the conditional cash

transfer scheme implemented in other developing countries, Pantawid Pamilya provides

cash grants to beneficiaries provided that they comply with a set of conditions. The

conditions include: ante- and post-natal care; regular preventive health check-ups,

deworming, and vaccines for children; regular attendance at school for children; and

attendance at monthly Family Development Sessions (FDS) aimed to instill knowledge,

skills, and values for parent beneficiaries. In addition, Pantawid Pamiliya is on track to

achieve its objectives of promoting investments in the health and education of children
while providing immediate financial support to poor families as highlighted in a recent

impact evaluation by Chaudhury et al. (2013) funded by AusAID in coordination with

DSWD, World Bank, and ADB.

Philippine Statistics Authority said that “safety net programs are diverse and are

characterized by conditionality and transfer type. Conditionality occurs when assistance

is subject to specific behaviors such as school attendance or work on public

infrastructure projects, intended to help reduce poverty and vulnerability over the long

term. Conditional safety nets often aim to increase participation in education and

healthcare systems to promote the long-term economic security of beneficiaries and the

productivity of household and community assets in the future.

Safety net programs provide cash, near-cash (e.g., vouchers), in-kind transfers

(e.g., food), or some combination to vulnerable households. Cash transfers are typically

less expensive to administer than other types. It allows recipients to determine the best

use of their benefits, but which may not coincide with those desired by their

government. On the other hand, inflation diminishes the purchasing power of cash

transfers, which may also be ineffective if  markets cannot provide an adequate supply

of food, such as during a regional food shortage.”

Based on the research conducted by Catubig, M. C. & Villano R. (2017), using

school‐level and student‐level enrolment data from Davao Oriental Philippines, they

evaluate the influence of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (also known as

4Ps), a social development policy program, on the growth rates in school enrolment

outcomes. The findings show that 4Ps, on average, increased school enrolment of

children by 1.12 percent. It was also apparent that using student‐level data as opposed
to school‐level data revealed a more robust effect of 4Ps on school outcomes. They

also found some school and socioeconomic characteristics influencing the change in

school enrolments.

Mylenko, N., (2015) stated that “as our children are our nation’s future, the

importance of statistics on children cannot be overemphasized. Statistics on children

provides various data about the current situation of Filipino children. A database

containing multi-dimensional information (e.g., indicators on health, education, labor,

among others), links to updated and relevant statistics, an archive of studies and

relevant researches and a list of websites of concerned agencies has been compiled

and made accessible to users. This was made in order to equip users with the means to

understand the social, economic and environmental dimensions of issues related to

children in the hopes of transforming these data into usable information and evidence-

based policy decisions. Further, the statistics on children aid policy- and decision-

makers in crafting policies, programs and interventions towards human development

and sustainable social progress.”

Working out how much money you need for everyday essentials like food,

housing, utilities like gas, electricity, phone and water, transport and medical services

can help you make sure you have enough for unexpected expenses and emergencies.

Budgeting can help you and your family take the first step towards control of your

money. It can also help you avoid debt. And it lets you get on with enjoying family life,

rather than spending too much time worrying about your finances.

One way to start budgeting is to list what you earn, spend money on and owe. It

can help to look at past salary statements, benefit statements, bills, bank statements
and credit card statements. If you spend or earn money any other way, be sure to look

at this too. Try to look at enough bills and statements from the past year to understand

your usual earning and spending habits. It’s good to look at how some bills are higher at

different times of the year. For example, energy bills are often higher during winter

because of heating.

After you’ve accounted for essentials and emergencies, your aim is to have

money left over to spend on things you want (Managing Money & Budgeting, 2020).

The majority identify lack of income as the main reason for running short of

money for basic necessities. Among households earning less than 10,000 Pesos

($217), 62% report lack of income as the reason.  Somewhat surprisingly, 64% among

those with income of 50,000 Pesos ($1,086) or more also say that lack of income is the

reason for not having enough money for basic necessities.

However, insufficient income is not the only story. Among other factors are

providing financial help to others, overspending, unexpected expenditures due to illness

or other emergencies, and lack of planning and budgeting. Among these options, the

least likely to be selected is a failure to plan and budget – identified by 21%.

Only 60% of respondents said that they plan their expenditures or budget. Yet survey

data analysis shows that those who plan their finances are more likely to have funds left

after paying for the basics and are less likely to report that they borrowed beyond their

means. Regardless of income, location, employment, and age, Filipinos who budget

have greater control of their finances.

Based on an article submitted by Braganza, C., (2018), the condition of the cash

transfer is that recipients are required to spend the received cash on healthcare and
education. The primary targets for expenditure on healthcare are maternity care and

child healthcare, with each household receiving P500 (US $11) per month for health

expenses. This amount does not change with the number of children in the household.

The Website of HelpMeGROW said that “no woman should die giving life. Yet

every year 2,400 women and girls die in the Philippines from preventable causes

related to pregnancy and childbirth.

Eradicating preventable maternal deaths is a human rights imperative, and it is at

the core of UNFPA’s mandate. UNFPA works with the government and civil society

organizations to make every pregnancy and childbirth safer, as an integral part of the

Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act and the Universal Health Care

Act.”

The education conditionalities and transfers are substantially larger in

comparison to the healthcare payouts. Every child in elementary school receives Php.

300.00, while children in secondary school receive Php. 500 per month for 10 months.

This is limited to three children per household.

The 4Ps is by far the largest poverty reduction and social development program

the Philippine government has ever conceived. Approximately 120 billion pesos have

already been allocated to the program up to 2013. The program’s dual objectives are

social assistance and social development. It provides cash assistance to poor families

to alleviate their immediate needs and aims to “break the intergenerational poverty cycle

through investments in human capital,” (Tabuga, Aubrey D.; Mina, Christian D.; Reyes,

Celia M.; Asis, Ronina D., 2013).

 According to INDDEX Project (2018), Positive social and emotional development

is important. This development influences a child’s self-confidence, empathy, the ability

to develop meaningful and lasting friendships and partnerships, and a sense of

importance and value to those around him/her. Children’s social and emotional

development also influences all other areas of development.

Parents and caregivers play the biggest role in social/emotional development because

they offer the most consistent relationships for their child. Consistent experiences with

family members, teachers and other adults help children learn about relationships and

explore emotions in predictable interactions.

According to an article of Herald Express (2018), The 4Ps program has smoothly

bridged the gap from poverty to an improved living condition among its beneficiaries. It

changed the behavior of learners and their attitude towards learning. The program has

helped increase the low performance of learners into better performance. This time,

parents have been the helpers of teachers in assuring the quality of learning for the

learners. With the joint force of the 4Ps and the Department of Education, it is hoped

that every school year produces better if not best graduates to serve as our co-workers

in molding the next generations who will care for our future, environment and lives

towards facing globalization and modernization.

Tus, Jhoselle. (2020) stated that “Students' academic performance embodies an

essential part of the constellation of factors determinant of student success. Also, it

plays a very significant role in education, primarily as a concrete tool to assess the

student's learning process. Psychologists and researchers have attempted to

comprehend how students vary in processing, retaining, and retrieving learning

information and have used various personality, attitudinal, cognitive styles, and ability

measures.”

According to the results of the study conducted by Flores, M. J., Espinoza, C. A.,

Enrico, H., Casimiro, R., (2019), analysis of all collected data revealed the significant

effect of the program to the performance of student beneficiaries especially in

motivating students to attend classes. The result also supports Vroom’s Expectancy

Theory which assumes that the students’ efforts, performance, and behavior are

influenced by the importance they place on the desired outcome. In this case, to satisfy

the conditionalities and remain eligible for the cash grant which have positive effect on

the socio-economic status of their family. Based on their findings, it is therefore

recommended that the scope of the program be extended especially that two years

have been added to the secondary education; livelihood programs be intensified to

provide family-beneficiaries with additional income; and for the concerned agencies and

authorities to review the existing budget and disbursement schemes to prevent delay in

the release of grants. The increase in the school attendance of students and the

diminished drop-out rate indicates the program’s positive effect on the lives of the

beneficiaries.  

Based on Manit Dapadap, Jolina Mae D. Biasong, Jesabel S. Samson, (2019),

However, absenteeism cases among students are evident although they are

beneficiaries of the poverty alleviation program. Reyes et al. (2015) stated that the most

commonly cited reason for not attending school among children in 4Ps families

regardless of whether they are working or not is the lack of personal interest and the
high cost of education. Thus, 4Ps is not the perfect solution to eradicate absenteeism in

school for the program manifested weaknesses that call for an evaluation.

In addition, Pantawid Pamilya is on track to achieving its objectives. Impact

evaluations show promising results in terms of education and health outcomes for

children. The demand-side support provided by the program to poor families is essential

to ensure the achievement of the desired outcomes in health, education, and poverty

reduction. Risks can be mitigated, and the potential private and social returns to

investing in Pantawid remain substantial. The justification for additional financing by

ADB is strong, especially when taking into account the public good benefits from

improving education and health, reducing the intergenerational transmission of poverty,

and improved socioeconomic equity in the Philippines.

Based on the research conducted by Abing, Martha Joy J. (2017) health

expenditure is said to be the major source of the total health expenditures in the

Philippines despite the alternative health-financing mechanisms provided by the

government. The result reveals that 4PS Families per capita out-of-pocket health

expenditure on medical products therapeutic gadgets and equipment was affected by

their per capita family income, family size, male family head, proportion of family age

group with 60 years old and above, education level of the family head with high school

level and the proportion of family with ill members.

According to Flores, M. J. S., Espinoza, C. A. B., Enrico, H. C., Casimiro, R. R.,

(2019), Technology has played a vital role in educational innovations, providing both

teachers and learners options and flexibility in their teaching and learning practice.

Educational use of gadgets develops a foundation of good/strong/progressive and

effective citizens in the future. Electronic gadgets are beneficial in the schools.

Therefore, the principals/school heads should allow learners and teachers use gadgets

in class. However, constant reminder should be instigated in the various negative

effects of these gadgets.

The share of total household expenditure (as a proxy of income) spent on food is

an indicator of household food security because it is widely documented that the poorer

and more vulnerable a household, the larger the share of household income spent on

food.

Food expenditure of the households through a survey was also determined.

Based on the findings, the beneficiary households mainly allotted the cash transfers for

school, health and nutrition of their children. On the other hand, survey results revealed

that beneficiary households spent more on food (absolute value) compared to non-

beneficiary households using T-test for independent samples.

However, there was no significant difference in terms of food expenditure per

capita. Furthermore, the results of the correlation analysis suggest that beneficiary

households spend more on food with higher household size and income. Findings also

imply that those who live in urban areas tend to have higher food expenditure compared

to those who live in rural areas. (Vigilla Kristine R., Hurtada, Wilma A., Gordonzillo

Normahitta P., and Despositario, Dinah Pura T. 2015).

According to the study of Institute of Family Life and Children’s Studies -

Philippine Women’s University (October 26, 2016), conditional cash transfers (CCT) are

essentially providing financial incentives or resources to underprivileged families in

exchange for their agreements to a set of conditions aimed at cultivating their

capacities. More often than not, the conditionality is linked to education and health

outcomes to address the chronic poverty of the household.

As mentioned in studylib.net, it has two goals: (1) alleviation of immediate income

poverty (social assistance), and (2) break the intergenerational cycle of poverty through

human capital investments and nutrition (social development). It targets the “poorest of

the poor” in the country, and as beneficiaries, they receive a monthly cash grant of PhP

500 for health expenses, and PhP300 per school child member in elementary school or

PhP 500 if the child is in high school (maximum of three children)

(Pantawid.dswd.gov.ph). The program was formally launched in 2008 with 360,000

household recipients; by 2015, the number of beneficiaries was 4.4 million. The latest

evaluations of the Pantawid show its positive impact on the concerns directly targeted

by the conditionality i.e. in children’s education (there is an increased enrolment rate in

primary schools in the Pantawid communities) and health (more mothers are going to

health centers for professional maternal health services and health guidance in general,

more children are receiving vaccines and regular de-worming, the household has

increased their food intake).

Based on the research of Orbeta, A. C & Paqueo, V. B., (2016), A large

percentage of the Philippine population has been affected by poverty for many years

now (Reyes et al., 2014). As such, the government with an aim to at least minimize

poverty prevalence has introduced various social programs and policies. However,

because most are attached to single-focus solutions, they have proven to be ineffective

and not sustainable (Son and Florentino, 2008). Not until year 2008 when Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), one of the most popular social measures adopted by

the country was implemented (Dungog-Cuizon and Cuizon, 2016).

The Philippine government, through the 4Ps, provides conditional cash grants to

the marginalized or to the “poorest of the poor” to improve the health, nutrition, and the

education of children aged 0 to 18 (Reyes et al., 2013). The program is patterned after

the conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in Latin American and African countries,

which have lifted millions of people around the world from poverty (Raquiza, 2018;

Fiszbein, et al., 2009).

Same with most of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programs being implemented

in different countries, it is among the targets of the Philippine 4Ps to break the cycle of

poverty and address the needs of the marginalized by supplementing the household

beneficiaries’ financial resource through the cash grant.

The 4Ps is considered as the largest social protection program in the Philippines

with the widest coverage of the marginalized households (Department of Social Welfare

and Development, 2009). The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

is the government agency tasked to spearhead the selection of the grantees and the

provision of cash grants to eligible beneficiaries (Reyes et al., 2013) who have affirmed

that they will abide to, and satisfy all the conditions. These include regular health check-

ups for pregnant women and children aged 0 to 5; deworming of school children aged 6

to 14 twice a year; enrolment of children in daycare, elementary, and secondary schools

with at least 85% class attendance (Fernandez and Olfindo, 2011). Aside from these,

the parent-beneficiaries are required to attend mother’s class and family development

sessions designed to enhance their skills and understanding on core family values and
parental responsibilities, and to encourage them to be involved in community activities

(Mangahas et al., 2018).

To easily and systematically identify eligible beneficiaries from across the

country, the DSWD introduced a survey and data collection system known as

LISTAHANAN or National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-

PR) (Hayakawa, et al., 2015). Enumerators hired by the department go to every

household to collect information regarding the socio-demographic profile of the

residents similar to what enumerators of Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) do but with

focus on identifying the socioeconomic needs of the members of the family. The data is

processed and analyzed to come up with a list of eligible beneficiaries or the

disadvantaged families with pregnant mothers or school-aged children (Department of

Social Welfare and Development, 2011).

Many families have benefitted from the program since its launch (Catubig et al.,

2015). The purpose of the 4Ps program to promote social development as a response

to the immediate needs of extremely poor families has been effective in breaking the

intergenerational cycle of poverty in many regions of the country (Dungog-Cuizon et al.,

2016).

Based on records, the 4Ps has been implemented to all regions in the Philippines

comprised of 79 provinces, 143 cities, and 1,484 municipalities. As of August 26, 2015,

there are 4, 353, 597 active household beneficiaries. Of which, 570, 056 are Indigenous

Peoples’ households while 217, 359 have at least one member who is considered a

Person with Disability (PWD). School children ages 0 to 18, who are among the primary

recipients or beneficiaries of the program account for 10, 235, 658 of the total surveyed
population with an average of two to three children per household (Fernandez and

Olfindo, 2011).

Cash grants are provided to beneficiaries in two ways: 1) Health Grant of

₱500.00 per household for every month, or a total of ₱6,000.00 per year; 2) Education

Grant of ₱300.00 per child on each month for ten months or a total of ₱3,000.00 per

year. An eligible household may register up to three children (Catubig et al., 2015).

Hence, given this set-up, a household with three children may receive ₱1,400.00

monthly cash grant or a total of ₱15,000.00 every year for a maximum of five years if

they are qualified to receive both health and educational grants which are provided

through bank payment scheme mainly, cash card. The amount of cash grants the

beneficiary households are entitled to receive are also compared and verified against

the household information database (Fernandez, 2009).

Their compliance is checked and verified by the DSWD during the reporting

period prior to the release of the payment. Non-compliance to any of the conditionalities

also mean non-inclusion on the list of eligible beneficiaries for that month. Continued

non-compliance (third offense) will result in termination of payments and suspension

from the program (Fernandez and Olfindo, 2011).

The provision of the cash grant is expected to permit children from family-

beneficiaries to finish primary or secondary schooling and therefore find decent jobs that

will inhibit the passing of poverty to the next generation. There are also studies which

attests to the positive effect of social programs including 4Ps to the academic

performance and in minimizing the dropout rate of student-beneficiaries in both the

primary and secondary schools in the other countries and in the Philippines (Raymundo,

2007; Reyes et al., 2015; Harouman, 2012).

According to Orbeta, A. C. & Paqueo, V. B., (2016), the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program has been much maligned and dismissed as a "dole-out" program.

Critics have focused on the fact that it provides cash grants directly to poor families,

believing it would promote the culture of mendicancy and dependence. Others believe

that the grants would just be wasted on vices (perhaps alcohol, cigarettes, even drugs)

instead of human capital formation (education and health of the children). Stereotyping

of the poor prevented society from providing meaningful support in the past by refusing

to understand their situation. It turns out that both of these have been proven unfounded

by rigorous program evaluations, showing no impact on work effort of beneficiaries nor

on expenditure on vice goods. In addition, data show that the poor do respond correctly

to incentives of highlighting the importance of investing in the human capital of their

children even if returns from such investments are farther away than what usually is

their immediate concern. Given the evidence, should we not let Pantawid Pamilya

provide us a more nuanced view about the poor that is empirically based so that we can

be more effective in assisting them?

 METHODOLOGY

This portion of the study shows the methods used in the study. It includes

research design, the study site and respondents, data gathering instrument, data

collection procedures, data analysis, and ethical consideration.

Research Design

The researchers used the descriptive method to describe, record, analyze, and

interpret the data that will be collected. A descriptive survey attempts to establish the

range and distribution of some social characteristics, such as education or training,

occupation, and location, and to discover how these characteristics may be related to

certain behaviors, patterns and attitudes (Marilyn Zurmuehlen Working Papers in Art

Education, 1981).

This study used quantitative approach of research to gather data about Savings

and Expenditures Practices of 4P’s recipients

Study Site and Participants

The researchers will conduct this study in Santiago City particularly at Barangay

Rosario. The researchers will select 20 4P’s recipients at Barangay Rosario, Santiago

City.

Research Instrument

The researchers will use self-made questionnaires to gather information about

the Savings and Expenditures practices of 4P’s recipients.

Data Gathering Procedure:

The researcher applied methods of data collection techniques. This was done in

order to collect adequate and relevant data to address the research objectives of this

study. 

1. Sought the advice of the finance instructor for further suggestions and

improvement.

2. A permission to conduct the study was sought from the Dean College of

Business Education of University of La Salette.

3. The researcher developed a questionnaire to obtain information from the 4Ps

Recipient of Rosario in Santiago City.

4. Survey questionnaire was handful handed to the respondents who are available

at the moment of floating questionnaire in one place and given a free period of

time to finish answering the survey questions.

The researchers use descriptive analysis, as the researcher is using a

quantitative descriptive approach in gathering data, as the collected data from the

survey questionnaire will be the result that the researcher will use including the personal

profile of the respondents and their answers in terms of their financial difficulties in

terms of budgeting, spending and saving. Moreover, aside from the descriptive analysis,

the researcher will also use the frequency tabulation, percentage, cross tabulation and

summary measure in analyzing the data gathered.

Ethical Consideration

The researchers consider the virtue of carefulness. They avoid incautiousness

and dereliction; the researchers carefully and critically examine all of their work. The

researchers also keep solid records of their research activities such as data collection,

research design and correspondence with local government unit employees. The

researchers also conducted the study with honesty and voraciousness. They not invent,

misrepresent or falsify any data whatever will be the result. The researchers also

observe objectivity before, during and after the conducting and the regulating of the

research study. We strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data

interpretation, peer review, personal decisions, grant writing, expert testimony and other

aspects of research where objectivity is expected or required. The researchers also

conduct the research with openness. They are open with the shared data, results, ideas

and tools. The researchers are also open to criticism and new ideas. And lastly, the

researchers observed legality. The researchers obeyed relevant loss and institutional

government policies. They not do anything that may violate any Law.
 RESULT

This section pertains to the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered from

selected 4Ps Recipient of Barangay Rosario, City of Santiago.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the savings and expenditure

practices among 4Ps recipient of DSWD in Santiago City. The data gathered through

the survey questionnaire were tallied, tabulated and analyzed and interpreted in

response to the questions of the study.

Here are the highlights of the findings of this study

Table 1. Respondents Demographic Profile

Characteristics Category f %
Age 20 – 25 years old 4 20
26 – 30 years old 7 35
31 – 35 years old 4 20
36 – 40 years old 2 10
41 years old and above 3 15
Occupation Construction Worker 6 30
Vendor 2 10
Sales lady 4 20
Fast food restaurant crew 3 15
Tricycle driver 2 10
Kasambahay 3 15
Number of Family Member 1 to 3 family member 4 20
4 to 6 family member 8 40
7 to 10 family member 5 25
11 and above 3 15
Total 20 100

Frequency (f) and Percentage (%) was used to analyze the demographic profile

of the respondents.
 The table shows the frequency distribution of the respondents according to their

profile with majority in the age bracket of 26 – 30 years old with a percentage of 35%,

with occupation as construction worker with a percentage of 30%, and have four to six

family members with a percentage of 40%.

Table 2.
Effects of financial assistance to 4Ps Beneficiaries
Statements Mean Interpretation

Cash assistance helps my family to sustain the

3.63
allowance of my children. Always
Cash assistance allows us to provide the educational
3.48
needs of my children. Sometimes
Cash assistance lessens my financial stresses. 4.08 Always
Cash assistance helps in the growth of our economy. 1.59 Rarely

4 3.50 – 4.00 Always

3 2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes

2 1.50 – 2.49 Seldom

1 1.00 – 1.49 Never

As shown in the table in relation to the effects of the financial assistance to the

4Ps beneficiaries. As stated in the cash assistance helping the family sustain the

allowance of their children a mean of 3.63 or an interpretation of “Always” was

garnered. In the cash assistance allowing them to provide the educational needs of their

children a mean of 3.48 or an interpretation of “Sometimes” was garnered. In relation to

the cash assistance lessening their financial stresses a mean of 4.08 or an

interpretation of “Always” was garnered. In connection to the cash assistance helping

them in their economic growth a mean of 1.59 or an interpretation of “Rarely” was

garnered.

Table 3.
Benefits enjoyed by 4Ps Beneficiaries
Statements Mean Interpretation

It helps me to support their education 4.02 Always

It helps me to provide other liabilities other than
3.23
educational purpose.
Sometimes
It makes me feel more secured about their future. 3.69 Always
It helps us to reduce hunger. 3.87 Always

4 3.50 – 4.00 Always

3 2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes

2 1.50 – 2.49 Seldom

1 1.00 – 1.49 Never

As shown in the table in relation to helping them support their child’s education a

mean of 4.02 or an interpretation of “always” was garnered. In helping them provide for

other liabilities other than for educational purposes a mean of 3.23 or an interpretation

of “Sometimes” was garnered. Making them feel secured about their future a mean of

3.69 or an interpretation of “Always” was garnered. Helping them reduce hunger got a

mean of 3.87 or an interpretation of “Always” was garnered.

Table 4.
Expenditure practices of 4Ps Beneficiaries
Statements Mean Interpretation

I use it for my children’s education 4.09 Always

I use it for groceries 3.22 Sometimes
I use it to pay my monthly bills 3.02 Sometimes
I use it to buy things that I want 1.45 Never

4 3.50 – 4.00 Always

3 2.50 – 3.49 Sometimes

2 1.50 – 2.49 Seldom

1 1.00 – 1.49 Never

As shown in the table in relation to them using the money for their children’s

education a mean of 4.09 or an interpretation of “Always” was garnered. In connection

to them using it for groceries a mean of 3.22 or an interpretation of “Sometimes” was

garnered. In using the money they receive to pay for monthly bills a mean of 3.02 or an

interpretation of “Sometimes” was garnered. In using the financial assistance to buy

things they want a mean of 1.45 or an interpretation of Never” was garnered.

 DISCUSSION

This section will discuss about the different findings basing from the data

gathered from the respondents wherein data collected is tabulated and computed and

presented with numerical equivalents that was used to come up with a qualitative

description that will then be utilized to come up with generalizations to answer the

stated questions of the research.

Summary of Findings

The study seeks to find the savings and expenditure practices among DSWD

4Ps recipients in Santiago City. It is to determine their profile so as to determine how

they make up the recipients of the DSWD 4Ps program in Santiago City and their

perception in relation to the effects of the financial assistance that they receives the

benefits they enjoy and their expenditure practices..

The purpose of the study is to determine how 4Ps Recipients are affected by the

financial assistance they receive, how they utilize the said program in relation to their

savings and expenditure practices.

A survey questionnaire was utilized in the data gathering needed by the study to

determine what are the savings and expenditure practices of DSWD 4PS recipients of

Santiago City. Descriptive method of research is utilized because it suits the data

needed to be collected by the study wherein from the data collected a description of the

current situation of 4Ps Recipients in Santiago City in relation to how they manage their

financial situation in their families. With the collected data generalizations can be made
and suggestions can be given to better improve they manage their financial situation at

their homes.

The findings of the study shows that majority of the 4ps Recipients are in the age

bracket of 26 – 30 years old, construction workers, and with 4 to 6 family members.

Implications of these are saying that majority of the respondents are in the age where

most individuals have their own families, but are in the lower income section of the

society and with more family members that they can really support financially.

As to the effects of the financial assistance received by the respondents most of

them find the program helpful to their current financial situation. As to the benefits that

the respondents enjoy the financial aid that they received is instrumental for them being

able to provide for some of the educational needs of their children. In connection the

expenditure practices of the respondents most of them have been able to prioritize the

educational expenditures for their children in lieu of the financial aid that they receive.

Discussion of the Findings

The main objective of the study is to determine the savings and financial

practices of the DSWDs 4Ps recipients in Santiago for them to be able to develop sound

financial decisions in relation to the financial aid that they receive from the government.

From the findings of the study wherein the respondents are knowledgeable

enough in the main thrust of the program where the priority of the aid they receive must

be used for the education of their children, they are able to allocate the proper amount

that they need in order for them to have their children educated. Most of the recipients

have also learned to prioritize their spending mainly on how and what they must do for
them to give their children the needed education for them to have a better future and

help them have a better future.

Recommendations

Basing from the findings of the study the researcher are recommending the

following:

1. Programs for DSWD 4Ps Recipients must be conducted by the Local

Government Unit for educating them on how to be able to manage their finances

and give them more knowledge on how they would be able to utilize the financial

aid that they receive not only for use for the education of their children but also

on how they would be able to make their economic status more stable.

2. Monitoring of how the financial aid is utilized so as to determine if the money

being given to the recipients are used for the right purposes and not just wasted

and making way for a generation of dependents on the graces that the

government is giving them.

3. Studies should also be conducted to determine if the current financial aid being

given to the recipients is commensurate to the current living standards of the

Filipino family.
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 Survey Questionnaire

Dear Respondents,

We, the students of University of La Salette College are currently conducting a research
entitled: “SAVINGS AND EXPENDITURE PRACTICES AMONG DSWD 4P’s
RECIPIENTS IN SANTIAGO CITY” as part of the course requirement in Business
Research.

In this connection may we request you to be the one of our respondents that will provide
the much needed information. Please answer the attached survey Questionnaire
completely and honestly. Rest assured that the information that you will provide are
treated with utmost confidentiality and used for the achievement of the stated objectives
of the study.

Thank you very much.

The Researchers,

Ambulario, Charisse

Cabrera, Angelo

Antonio, Jhannakaye

SECTION 1: Bio-data of 4Ps member

Name (Optional):_____________________________________ Age:____

Occupation of each member________________

Number of family member________________

SECTION 2: Effects of the Financial Assistance to the 4P’s Beneficiaries

INSTRUCTION: Put a check (✓) on the columns provided below. The following is
answerable by these:

4- ALWAYS 3- SOMETIMES 2 - SELDOM 1- NEVER

No 4 3 2 1
.
1 Cash assistance helps my family to sustain the allowance of my
children.
2 Cash assistance allows us to provide the educational needs of my
children.
3 Cash assistance lessens my financial stresses.
4 Cash assistance helps in the growth of our economy.

 SECTION 3: Benefits gained by 4ps beneficiaries

No 4 3 2 1
.
1 It helps me to support their education
2 It helps me to provide other liabilities other than educational
purpose.
3 It makes me feel more secured about their future.
4 It helps us to reduce hunger.

SECTION 4: Expenditure practices of 4ps beneficiaries

No. 4 3 2 1
1 I use it for my children’s education
2 I use it for groceries
3 I use it to pay my monthly bills
4 I use it to buy things that I want