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Lecture11 Electromagnetic Specctrum
Lecture11 Electromagnetic Specctrum
II/ Fill in each of the gaps to complete the passage. Each word is used once.
For centuries, electricity and magnetism seemed (1)………...forces. In the 1800s, however (2)………
showed many connections between these two (3)………… In 1864 British physicist James Clerk Maxwell
drew together the (4)……………. of many physicists to show that electricity and magnetism are (5)
……………….. different aspects of the (6)…………… electromagnetic force. This force causes (7)
…………….. with similar electric charges to repel one another and particles with opposite charges to (8)
………. one another. Maxwell also showed that (9)………. is traveling form of electromagnetic energy. The
founders of (10)……….. mechanics tool Maxwell 's work one step further. In 1925, German-British
physicist Max Born, and German physicists Ernst Pascal Jordan and Werner Heisenberg showed (11)
……………. that packets of light energy, later called (12)…………, are emitted and (13) ……………..
when charged particles attract or repel each other through the electromagnetic force.
(Distinct light, because, attract, photons, experiments, protons, the, electromotive, work, same,
nevertheless, particles, forces, quantum, mathematically, actually, absorbed, experiences )
III/ Matching each of the words/phrases from column I with its definition from column II
Column I Column II
1. to observe a. precise
2. flame b. to tell the difference
3. sample c. a large amount of something in a small area
4. pattern d. a long and pointed stream of burning gas
5. accurate e. to recognize
6. to identify f. to discover
7. specific g. a small amount of a substance scientifically examined and
analyzed
8. to determine h. a particular way for something to be done or to occur
9. to distinguish I. to watch carefully
10. concentration k. particular
1. transparent a) a dark image or shape cast on a surface by the interception of light rays by an
opaque body
2. appear b) possession of the qualities required to do something; necessary skill,
competence, or power
3. shadow c) permitting the uninterrupted passage of light; clear
4. luminous d) the exterior face of an object or one such face
5. ability e) to turn or cause to turn from a particular direction
6. worms f) to happen; take place; come about
7. bend g) not transmitting light; not transparent or translucent, not reflecting light;
lacking lustre or shine; dull
8. beam h) any of various invertebrates, esp the annelids having a slender elongated body
9. opaque i) to emit or reflect or cause to emit or reflect light suddenly or intermittently
(flash) the central, innermost, or most essential part of something
10. appear j) a ray or column of light, as from a beacon
11. outer surface k) to seem or look
12. occur l) a small piece; fragment
IV/ Choose the most appropriate word or phrase and fill in the blanks
Those early microwave ovens had none of varied power settings to which modern users of the
microwave—found today in (1)…..…... of all American homes—are accustomed. In the first microwaves,
the only settings were “on” and “off,” because there were only two possible (2)………….: either the
magnetron would produce, or not produce, microwaves. Today, it is possible to use a microwave for almost
anything that involves the heating of food that (3)………….. water—from defrosting a steak to popping
popcorn.
As noted much earlier, in the general discussion of electromagnetic radiation, there are three (4)
……….. types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Without going into too much detail
here, conduction generally involves (5)………….. between molecules in a solid; convection takes place in a
fluid (a gas such as air or a liquid such as water); and radiation, of course, requires no medium.
A conventional oven cooks through convection, though conduction also (6) ..…….. heat from the
(7)…………. layers of a solid (for example, a turkey) to the interior. A microwave, on the other hand, uses
(8)…………….. to heat the outer layers of the food; then conduction, as with a conventional oven, does the
rest. The difference is that the microwave heats only the food—or, more specifically, the (9)………., which
then transfers heat throughout the item being (10)……….—and not the dish or plate. Thus, many materials,
as long as they do not contain water, can be placed in a microwave oven (11)...……. being melted or
burned. Metal, though it contains no water, is unsafe because the microwaves (12)………. off the metal
surfaces, creating a microwave buildup that can produce sparks and damage the oven.
Radiation, bounce, heated, adjustments, carries, contains, outer, without, water, two-thirds, heat
transfer, basic
Some sea organisms can make their own .....(1).... This ability is called ......(2)..., which means making light
biologically. Transparent polychaete worms such as this one make yellow light inside their ......(3).... In their
dark seawater .....(4)......, they can glow or flash to scare off predators. Other bioluminescent sea ....(5)......
include shrimps, squid, and ......(6)..…