JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS

ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 14, 2020

SMART WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IoT

1
Department of Computer Scinece and Engineering, Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore-560074.
2,3
Department of Computer Science and Engieneering, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai-6000044

E-mail: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

Received: 14 March 2020 Revised and Accepted: 8 July 2020

ABSTRACT : Agriculture is very significant for India. Since, the people of India mostly depend on agriculture
for their livelihood. Farming has seen a number of technological transformations in the last decades, becoming
more industrialized and technology-driven. By using various smart agriculture gadgets, farmers have gained
better control over the process of raising livestock and growing crops, making it more predictable and efficient.
Incumbently a technology play an indispensible role for the development of this agricultural country and
farming is also solemnly depends on water. Water irrigation is one of the methods to supply water in their farms
but in some occasion it might be wasted. The traditional water irrigation system is very difficult due to the
scarcity of water which is primarily caused by rapid growth of population and climate. Internet of Things (IoT)
is a new methodology to empower the modernization of agriculture. Since through automation Iot can make
agriculture and all sorts of farming process in an efficient way by reducing human interventions. So, due to
this, it is proposed a novel method called automation of water irrigation system using IoT to save water and
time. In this novel approach it is planned to use various sensors such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture
sensors to measure the different parameters of the soil based on the value of soil moisture will get automatically
make the motor status as on or off stage. With respect to these sensed parameters and the status of the motor
will be displayed on mobile. Monitoring and collecting data for soil moisture, temperature, humidity and
sunlight intensity across multiple fields will improve efficiency of water usage and crop yield of large and local
farms and also when the soil in agricultural land becomes dry by using this method the pump will automatically
start the flow of water for irrigation. Sensors are deployed on the farms to monitor the status of crops according
to the climate changes in light, humidity, temperature, shape and size. Any deviation is identified by the sensors
then the status of the crop will be displayed on the farmer’s smart phone.

KEYWORDS: IoT, Sensors, Irrigation, Temperature, Moisture, Humidity

I. INTRODUCTION

In our Indian nation, agriculture is the prime source of income for the wide range of people. However to
establish an agriculture sector in our country, still there is a need of technological development in the genre of
agriculture. Even though several initiatives have been taken by the government of india for issuing online
answers for the agricultural related queries and mobile messaging services for the farmers.
An automated water irrigation system is needed to assist the farmers to measure the quality of temperature,
humidity and moistures of the soil by their smartphone. Based on the review it is identified that the contribution
of agriculture is 27% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides an employment to 70% of Indian
population. IoT is a growing technology in the field of agriculture and uplift the farmers to meet out the
challenges. The agriculture should have to replenish the problem of water scarcity, constrained lands abreast of
the population growth. This novel imitative of IoT may address these issues and increase the quantity, quality
and sustainability as well as the cost effectiveness of agricultural production.
Agriculture is the heart of our Indian economy. At present, due to the rapid growth of population agriculture
plays a vital role to fulfill the people’s requirements. However, agriculture needs irrigation of water in every
year and the necessity of water is more than the rainfall. So it is very crucial to conserve the water by the
farmers to achieve the highest production yield. But incumbently the farmers use technical irrigation through the
manual control at the periodical interval. According to survey, 85% of fresh water is presently used for
agriculture. This situation would prevail in future for the growth of population and the demand of food. It is
necessary to create a strategy with respect to science and technology for the sustainable usage of water which
includes agronomic, technical managerial and industrial developments. Based on the requirements of crop an
irrigation system needs to be provided using technology. By using both the internet and sensor network
technology, it is possible to control the waste of water and enlarges the scientific methods for water irrigation.
So, it will improve the water utilization and productivity.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging technologies which may be in a mobile device used for observed in
and around the place. It comprises communicating objects which are installed in several locations and it can be
far away from each other. IoT is a kind of networking technology used for sense the information from various
sensors and it is always prompt for exchanging the information. It is used for the adapt the status of the device.
The central processing unit may comprise a communication device to collect the data from different sensors and
transmits those information to another devices of the user. It will be done using a higher end communication
device like Wi-Fi module. The central module may convert the processed data into meaningful data and
communicate with other user. With the help of handheld device such as mobile a user may perceive the data. At
present the dearth for water is a major concern in agricultural field. This work addresses an efficient method of
water irrigation using automated irrigation system.
This proposed approach would overhaul the unnecessary water irrigation on to the farmlands. The values of
temperature, moisture, humidity are periodically monitored by temperature, moisture, humidity sensors
respectively and transmit these values to the allocated IP address. An android application would gradually
gather the data from the allocated IP address. When the soil moisture reaches the threshold values then the
arduino microcontroller resist the motor for water flow. The android application is very user friendly application
with some menu driven option. This consists of status of the motor, moisture, temperature, and humidity values.
The status of the motor reveals the current status of the pump.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Zhang.s [1] et.al proposed intelligent water saving irrigation control system based on water balance. this paper
introduced a water saving irrigation control system by using agricultural internet of things. The outcome of this
work reveals an intelligent water saving irrigation with respect to water balance in an effective irrigation
method. Ashika.et.al [2]proposed a method using aurdino for sensing moisture and controlling the water flow
and microcontroller unit for identifying the status of the water irrigation system for the farmers using mobile
communication. The status of the entire pump in a whole agricultural land will be updated to the farmers
through smart mobile. Less levdow[3] discussed about improving water efficient irrigation and also addressed
its prospects and difficulties. This method enhances the water efficiency and economical improvements to the
farmer. This will also improve the integrate water and nutrient management. Srishar[4]et. al proposed a smart
irrigation system that emphasizes a technique which is incorporated for monitoring the moisture of the soil. The
outcome of this result would provide effective crop treatment and water management and also this work
addresses the landsite irrigation management to treat the desiccated fields and given effective results to the
producers.
Aarthi rao[5] addressed an environmental monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) based IoT which
collects data from the sensors and the data collects end tags which may send it to the router and router to the
multi supply nodes. The entire data will be recorded in the base station and those data will be deliver to the
cloud. This would be perceived by the client at remote location. Deepak[6] et.al stressed the importance of farm
beats data driven in an agriculture using IoT which enables flawless data collection from the different sensors
and cameras. This method is mostly suitable for weather related power and provides a gateway to ensure the
services are available in the cloud.
Saraf[7].et.al proposed an IoT based smart irrigation monitoring and controlling system that specified an
importance of zigbee to make a communication between sensor nodes and base station. Monitoring field
irrigation system using wireless diminish the intervention of a human in lieu of this it permits remote monitoring
and controlling using android mobile. This paper even addressed the cloud computing techniques to gather
different data from various sensors to assess the status of the plants in an farming land. Abubakr Muhammad
[8]. Et.al stressed the importance of water irrigation system using IoT enabled analysis of irrigation rosters in the
Indus basin irrigation system which is capable for real time reporting of flow discharge through GPRS and
backend server services.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The underneath figure exhibits the overall automatic irrigation system using arduino. This system comprises
three different types of sensors which are connected to controller and collect the sensed values from these
sensors and transmit to the smart phone.

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Moisture Relay
Sensor
Arduino
Micro
controller
Humidity Motor
Sensor

Temperature Mobie
Sensor Device

Power
Supply of
5V

Figure 1. Automatic Water Irrigation System

Figure 1 demonstrates the block diagram of smart irrigation system using IoT. The farmers can initiate and use
different monitoring and controlled system to increase the productivity with an assist of automation of
agricultural parameters like temperature, humidity and soil moistures are observed and manage the system
which would help the farmers to increase the productivity.
The proposed method consists of an embedded system for automatic control of water irrigation. It has wireless
sensor network for sensing real time irrigation system. This method would provide appropriate water to the
agricultural land and avoids wastage of water. When the moisture level comes down below the threshold level
then the system will automatically switch ON the motor for irrigation. When the water level reaches above the
threshold level then it will automatically OFF the motor. The current status of the motor and the sensed
parameters will be displayed on the user’s smart phone.

The DHT 11 is a fundamental, digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses the value and capacitive
humidity sensor to measure the air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin. It is very easy for usage, but it
will; take certain time to collect the data. The moisture content in the atmosphere is measured by humidity
sensors. The humidity values and the present temperature will be send it to the microcontroller and it will be
displayed on the user’s smart phone.

Start

Check Temperature
and Humidity

Sent Value

Display
value

Figure 2. Flowchart of Temperature and Humidity sensor

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Soil Moisture Sensor

Soil moisture sensor determines the content of water in a soil. The moisture in the soil is a vital factor in the
atmospheric water cycle. Sensor module gives a high level of resistance when the soil moisture becomes low. It
consists of both analog and digital signal. Digital output is very simple but not accurate when compared with the
analog output based on the level of the moisture the motor will be either ON or OFF state.

Start

Send Value

Display

If Sensor No
value <30

Yes

Motor is ON

End

Figure 3. Flow Chart for Soil Moisture Sensor

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Figure 4 demonstrates a prototype of an automated water irrigation system. The temperature sensor, humidity
sensor, soil sensors, relay and motor are connected with the microcontroller. These sensors are used for sensing
the various parameters of the soil, the motor is used for irrigation of the water to the land and the motor will be
controlled by relay.

Figure 4 Prototype of an automated irrigation system

Sensors are deployed on the farms to monitor the status of crops according to the climate changes in light,
humidity, temperature, shape and size. Any deviation is identified by the sensors then the status of the crop will
be displayed on the farmer’s smart phone.

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Figure 6 Sensed values displayed on user android application.

The Sensors such as temperature, Moisture and humidity sensors would sense the corresponding values and alert
the smart phone to display the values for the farmers.

V. CONCLUSION

The agricultural networking techniques application is required for modern agricultural development and also it
enhances the development of agriculture. This proposed method would provide a considerable impact on
assuring the effective usage of water resources and the efficiency and steadiness of the agricultural production.
With more enhancement in the genus of IoT in the forth coming years, these systems can be more capable much
faster and cheap in cost. In future, the system may forecast about users movement, weather forecasting pattern,
harvesting time, the intrusion of animal in the farm land and communicating the information via smart phone to
the users. Due to this in the forthcoming days agriculture would be independent of human intervention and in
turn quality as well as excellent quantity of production can be obtained.

VI. REFERENCES

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