LC561 Race, Ethnicity & Migration

Introduction

Individuals who share a common origin and, by extension, a set of cultural,

linguistic, and physiological features are referred to as belonging to the same "race."
According to the findings of the research, ethnic city Main has an effect on the
migration patterns of both individuals and nations. This study's objective is to
investigate the predicament faced by members of ethnic minorities in the UK's
society and provide suggestions on the measures that may be taken to guarantee
that those individuals get the rights to which they are legally entitled. The survey will
detail a variety of reasons people have for relocating to the United Kingdom.

The study classifies as members of an ethnic minority those people who have
fled their homes in pursuit of safety or other opportunities in the United Kingdom. In
addition to this, the study will illustrate how racial categorizations are used in the
process of developing ethnic identities. The identities will then be organised
according to the social and institutional circumstances, as well as multiculturalism,
which are essential in the process of forming ethnic identities. Multiculturalism will
also play a role in this process. The study will also give additional difficulties to those
who are touched by it, in addition to detailing the many societal concerns.

Migration to the United Kingdom: Factors and Trends

Most people who leave their native nations do so for one of four reasons,
according to the study results: work, education, family, or seeking asylum or refugee
status.

The fear of persecution due to one's race, nationality, or political ideas is a

common thread among migrants despite their varied backgrounds and experiences.
Most people who have sought shelter in the United Kingdom have either been
unable to return home or are living in constant fear of doing so due to war or racial,
ethnic, or religious persecution. The UNHCR estimates that as of December 31,
2018, there were about 126,720 refugees living in the United Kingdom. It has been
determined via studies that the United Kingdom plans to resettle roughly 20,000
Syrian refugees by the year 2020 as part of its Vulnerable Persons Resettlement
Scheme. The majority of undocumented people who enter the United Kingdom are
trying to better their lives by finding work. The majority of migrants were fleeing the
Middle Eastern nations of Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq, all of which were wracked by
civil conflict and political instability, resulting in significant property destruction
(refugee-action.org.uk 2019). To continue their stay in the United Kingdom, the
refugees must now submit asylum claims and be granted refugee status.

Most refugees leave their homes because they are being persecuted. People
all over the world are being forced to move because of different kinds of persecution.
including discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, political
affiliation, or religion. Refugee migration is a big problem, and climate change is a
big reason why. For example, since 2019, almost 49,000 people in Somalia have
had to leave their homes to look for food and water. There is a major humanitarian
crisis going on in the world right now because of a huge drought in Somalia. About
2.2 million people are affected by this drought. Another major cause of people
moving around the world is that human rights are still being broken. People who are
poor in the country at the moment are mostly hurt by the wealthy and strong. This
has caused many of them to flee to other areas in search of a safe and prosperous
life. The problem of refugees around the world is made worse by the fact that many
people have to leave their homes because they can't afford to stay there. In
Venezuela, for example, more than 4 million people have left their country because
of the refugee problem (refugeecouncil.org.uk 2019).

It is commonly thought that the refugee problem is related to the fact that over
20 million people throughout the world are at risk of famine due to the global hunger
emergency being labelled the biggest humanitarian disaster since 1945. An
increasing amount of evidence suggests that discrimination based on a person's
gender or sexual orientation is a key factor in the present rejection crisis. It has been
determined that the death penalty is in effect for same-sex relationship crimes in
seven of the more than 77 nations that have criminalised such partnerships. Due to
these issues, more and more individuals are looking for sanctuary in countries like
the United Kingdom, which has a strong asylum system and accepts the LGBT+
community with open arms (refugee- action.org.uk 2019).

Constructing Ethnic Identities

Ethnic identification is considered the gold standard for measuring a person's

attachment to and pride in their own cultural background. In order to determine racial
or cultural background, a number of techniques are proposed. More than 70% of
Syrian refugees will have settled in the United Kingdom by the end of 2020,
according to projections. Poles are the most numerous non-British ethnic minority
living in the UK. It is also discovered that a variety of things have had a detrimental
effect on the mental health of migrants in the UK. The stress of adjusting to a new
culture and the loss of cultural norms and social support networks are two examples
of these problems (Mawson and Kasem 2019).

The vast majority of refugees come from socioeconomically deprived families

and go for safety in nations such as the United Kingdom with the expectation of
securing employment and a permanent place to live there. The majority of the
migrants are people of the Muslim faith or Syrians who were forced to abandon their
country as a result of war or other types of violent conflict. We were able to ascertain
the occupant's religion, among other data, from the UK asylum record that was
provided to us (Peter William Walsh 2021). Women are disproportionately impacted
by refugee circumstances that are connected to their gender, which may be seen to
be a kind of word-based discrimination. It has been shown that the requirements of
women staying in shelters are not taken into account by the system in the UK. As a
direct consequence of the armed conflict, women have been the principal targets of
acts of gender-specific violence that are motivated by ethnic bias. Women are
singled out as being the ones who have to bear the brunt of the increasing number of
disagreements that may be linked back to elements such as racism, xenophobia,
and other forms of intolerance. This places a disproportionate amount of stress and
burden on women.

In demonstrating the policy learning associated with social mobility, this

research finds that the social class background is judged less relevant on different
educational outcomes for minorities. There is a lot of movement in the percentage of
people of different races who have jobs. Both occupational choice and labour market
involvement in the United Kingdom are demonstrated to be permanently affected by
discrimination in the workplace. Additionally challenging for the refugee is the
prevalence of gender-based discrimination in the job (Cheung and Phillimore 2014).
There has been some up and down in recent years, but overall, the United
Kingdom's immigration policy and the composition of its ethnic communities are
improving.

There have been new social divides and a number of proposed solutions as a
result of the multiculturalism accepted by the UK. By classifying people into dominant
and non-dominant ethnic groups, multiculturalism highlights the value of cultural
diversity for each person. In the United Kingdom, multiculturalism has been essential
in promoting tolerance and mutual respect among the country's many ethnic and
religious groups and discouraging acts of bigotry and violence (Strang and Quinn
2021).

The social issues that this community has faced

One of the most common difficulties migrants face is trying to find affordable
housing. Furthermore, cultural differences represent a significant threat to migrants'
chances of finding stable work. It is widely acknowledged that migrants' traumatic
experiences are compounded by the fact that they come from widely varying
religious traditions, behavioural norms, and worldviews. A further social problem is
the English language, which causes significant difficulties in both written and verbal
communication, particularly for refugees from Asian, African, and Eastern European
countries, where the native language has nothing in common with English as spoken
in the United Kingdom. Although proper sanctuary has been offered for them, the
shortage of sufficient accommodation for refugees is a major problem in the United
Kingdom. The United Kingdom has developed many such programmes, such as the
Vulnerable Persons Resettlement Program, the Greater Protection Scheme, the
Mandate Scheme, and the Vulnerable Children's Resettlement Program for Middle
Eastern and North African Countries (Turner 2015). This helps ensure that refugees
who are resettled are provided with safe and healthy environments to call home.
 Unfortunately, there is a severe lack of housing, making it difficult for refugees
to find long-term solutions. One programme that provides this is asylum, but its
conditions may make it hard for some people to find safe haven for their loved ones.
That's why it's so important for the government to work on the basics of providing
housing. The situation is the most critical social issue affecting refugees in the UK
right now.

It's also been proved that those escaping war-torn countries have specific
needs. It's difficult for both the highly trained and the unskilled among the migrants to
adapt to life in the UK. Moreover, racism is the most major social obstacle that
migrants confront while looking for work or establishing a company. Despite their
extensive education and skills, refugees have a harder time finding employment due
to their ethnicity, cultural norms, and the organization's unrealistic English language
demands. Refugees in the United Kingdom face a variety of social challenges as a
consequence of prejudice that reduce their motivation and faith in their capacity to
find profitable employment (Lucinda Platt 2018).

There is a lot of drama and frustration among the unemployed immigrants as

well as the older and I employed professionals who face rejection because of their
age, despite the fact that they are highly experienced and knowledgeable in many
different professions. It is common knowledge that prospective employees in the
United Kingdom who have relevant job experience in their home country are given
preference by employers. Therefore, refugees who possess the necessary
knowledge and abilities have been put at a disadvantage when it comes to looking
for work that pays enough.

A additional social problem is the development of international competence as

well as the recognition of qualifications. It is common knowledge that a suitable
evaluation or recognition has not been provided despite the passage of a significant
number of years. It is thought that this would make it impossible for refugees to
realise their dreams of finding work in respected organisations in the United Kingdom
after obtaining the qualifications required to do so. In addition, there is a perception
that refugees are subjected to discrimination in some areas of the United Kingdom
because even if a person possesses a qualified professional, they are not hired due
to their overseas qualification and they do not receive assistance due to the fact that
they come from a non-English speaking background (Willott and Stevenson 2013).

Fixing the highlighted societal issues

Some widespread and long-term answers for refugees are viewed as crucial
components for the refugee process since they help people make full use of their
legal rights. All of these measures are taken into account as valid safeguards that
help people live a healthy lifestyle. Most people feel that resettlement is the most
effective option to assist refugees start over in a manner that respects their humanity
and contributes to world peace. The government of the United Kingdom is prepared
to house refugees and their families thanks to a mandatory settlement plan that has
been designed and is recognised as a global programme for refugees. New arrivals
to the UK have been provided a wide range of protections and citizenship privileges
in an effort to ease their integration and alleviate societal issues (Koca 2016). The
refugees have sufficient safeguards to prevent them from cruel and degrading
treatment, and they are also able to freely practise their religion, speak their minds,
and express their beliefs. They are also well-protected from torture. Refugees in the
United Kingdom are guaranteed protection and are shielded from discrimination by
the government.

The UK government has also shown that protecting the interests of refugees
is important to them by making sure they have access to the services they need.
When long-term solutions that work are put in place, more refugees may be able to
find a place to live. The main goal of the UK government is to come up with good
solutions that give people more power and respect their individuality. Human
trafficking and bigotry must be stopped if we want to cut down on international
migration and keep people safe in their own countries. Governments shouldn't blame
migrants for economic and social problems. Instead, they should try to treat migrants
fairly and stop violence. The UK government needs to set up a number of safe
places where refugees can live in safety and with respect (Peter William Walsh
2021). All of this will help make the world a better place for people in need.

If the government wants to safeguard the safety of refugees and migrants,

soothe their concerns during the migration process, and minimise tensions among
migrants, it must act to remove all types of discrimination. It is of the utmost
importance to develop trustworthy refugee processes that enable persons to apply
for asylum, relocate the most vulnerable individuals, and offer basics such as
education and healthcare to those who have been resettled. As a direct result of
widespread disregard on the part of the people in the nation, a rising number of
refugees, including women and children, are being imprisoned (Allsopp et al., 2014).
If a nation wants its inhabitants to have a shot at a happy and successful life, it must,
above all else, allow refugees to enter the country and keep its borders open. It is
possible that growing GDP and the number of individuals who are gainfully employed
might result from expanding safeguards to include all inhabitants of the country.

Conclusion

According to the findings of the study presented above, refugees face a

diverse array of difficulties, many of which are attributable to the circumstances that
prevail in the nations that are the primary drivers of mass migration. According to the
study indicated above, individuals escape to the United Kingdom for a variety of
important reasons. Some of these essential causes include wars, violence, politics,
exploitation, the hunt for food, and famine. The poll also shed insight on how
migrants' religious identities, such as those of Muslims and Syrians, play a part in
their choice to move in search of economic opportunity and safety. In addition, the
variety that has led to migration is investigated in the paper via an analysis of the
various socioeconomic groups, which also takes into account issues of race and
gender. In addition, the study has investigated a wide range of social concerns that
are faced by refugees, with a particular emphasis on the many obstacles that are
presented in the context of housing.

Finally, the study has investigated a range of ways that aid with resolving the
mentioned society issues, including a viable response to the housing crisis that is so
urgent in the UK. This research was conducted in order to address the given societal
difficulties.
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