Fixation

SUBMITTED TO: MAAM SHAGUFTA SHAEEN
SUBMITTED BY: AYESHA RAZZAQ

REG NO: L1F20BSSY0274
ASSIGNMENT NO: 1
SEMESTER: 4TH (BS PSYCHOLOGY)
SUBJECT: THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
Q NO: 1
ANSWER
Fixation
The concept fixation is basically given by Sigmund Freud, according to Freud the
fixation is a determined focal point in an earlier psychosexual stage. So, in other words we
can say a fixation is basically a problem in infant psychosexual development which occurs in
particular point of age and cause so many problems for an infant. So, according to Freud the
fixing conflict is necessary to resolved within respective stage otherwise it cause issues for an
infant in upcoming life.
Example
For example when a child fixed at oral stage of life (which is from birth to 1 year), in this
stage the infant is over-dependent on surrounding people, it may lead oral stimulation through
drinking, over eating or smoking etc.
Types of fixation
There are the following five types of fixation,
 Oral
 Anal
 Phallic
 Latency
 Genital
Oral stage
Age range: birth to 1 year
Erogenous zone: mouth
This stage is basically occurring from birth to 1 years. In this stage the libido or
erogenous zone for in infant is mouth. The infant derived pleasure through mouth by putting
everything in mouth. In oral stage the basic needs of child are either met, unmet or
overstimulated.
Anal stage
Age range: 1 to 3 year
Erogenous zone: bladder controlling
In this stage of psychosexual development the focal point of libido is toilet training and
bladder controlling. The conflict which occurs in this stage is during the toilet training. In this
stage the child learns that how to control bodily needs and how to use toilet without help? In
others word we can say an infant in this stage learn the independence.
According to Freud the success in this stage leads an infant independence. According to him
if the parents praise the infant on using toilet good way and gave the reward to child it
encourages the child.
Phallic stage
Age range: 3 to 6 years
Erogenous zone: genital
According to Freud in this stage the central point of libido is genitals, so that the child in
this age are able to differentiate between genders. During this age the daughters are friendlier
towards fathers while the boys towards the mothers feeling friendly.
Latent stage
Age range: 6 to 12 years
Erogenous zone: sexual feelings inactive
In this stage according to the Freud the superego is develops while the id and ego
continuous repressed the energy of superego. This stage is an important stage because in this
stage the child makes friends outside the family and also learn social skills which develops
child’s personality. This stage is usually beginning when the child start school and making
relationships with peers.
Genital stage
Age range: 12 to till death
Erogenous zone: develop sexual interest
In this stage the sexual stimulus is active again. In this final stage of development, the
sexual stimulus develops a strong desire of sex in an individual towards opposite sex. This
stage is beginning from 12 years but it ends on the end of a person life. During this stage the
individual learn independence and focus on rapid changes which occurs in one’s life.
Fixation effect adult personality
These fixation stages cause the following problems in adult personality;
Oral stage fixation effect
According to Freud the infants who faced issue during weaning cause an oral
fixation. Due to oral fixation a child in upcoming life due to oral stimulation may habit of
overeating, drinking and smoking etc. according to Freud due to oral fixation a child not only
involve in above activities but may also involve in nail biting, chew-gum etc. in this stage the
infant not resolved fixation by himself but the parents may resolve this conflict. The child
also learns trust vs mistrust during this stage.
Anal stage fixation effect
In this stage the fixation is occurs when the parents do not pay attention to child and
not encourage him on using toilet independently. Some parent punished children rather than
praising them and encourage them on using toilet. If the parents every time praise child on
using toilet it may encourage them until they learn to use toilet properly. So, according to
Freud the fixation in this stage leads to destructive and messy personality of child in future.
In this stage the child also learn shame vs Autonomy.
Phallic stage Fixation effect
In this stage according to Freud the Oedipus complex (boys consider mothers more loving
than father) and Electra complex (daughters feel father more loving than mother) occurs
which effects the infant growth badly. So that these type of complexes in future cause many
serious issues. So that at that age the parents should must resolved these complexes. In this
age the child also learns guilt vs initiative.
Latent stage Fixation effect
In this stage according to Freud the Oedipus complex (boys consider mothers more loving
than father) and Electra complex (daughters feel father more loving than mother) occurs
which effects the infant growth badly. So that these type of complexes in future cause many
serious issues. So that at that age the parents should must resolved these complexes. In this
age the child also learns guilt vs initiative.
Genital stage Fixation effect
According to Freud if the early stages are passed with good development and no fixation
occurs in these stages than the last stage is also passed with good development. On the others
hand if the fixation is occurred in early stages than May also cause a problem in this stage
which is related to personality. In this stage the individual learns that how to develop an
identity?
QNO: 2
How can Freud theory help in assessing our childhood conflicts?
Answer:
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is basically consist on theories of psychology and therapeutic techniques

that are also known as Sigmund Freud theories. The concept of psychoanalysis describes that
the individual have unconscious feelings, desires, memories and thoughts as well.
Basic tenets
According to psychoanalysis the individual practice self-realization and experience

insight in their presence state of mind through the satisfaction of unconscious into their
conscious awareness. This process give relief an individual from psychological pain.
According to psychoanalysis an individual behavior is basically motivated by unconscious
drives. The depression and anxiety are often implanted as a conflicts between conscious and
unconscious state of mind. This theory also describe that the personality of an individual is
developed by his/her childhood experiences.
History of psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud is basically known as the founder of psychodynamic and

psychoanalysis in psychology. According to Freud three element id, ego and superego are
composed human mind. Freud theories were based on clinical cases and case studies as well,
due to which his work and findings are not applicable for large population. Perhaps, his
theories today also known as basic which describes that how people think about the human
mind and behavior, and also left a lasting mark on culture and psychology. Erik Erikson also
proposed the psychoanalysis and expand the Freud theories.
Conscious and unconscious mind
In unconscious mind all the thoughts and feelings are away from conscious awareness
means all the things that placed in unconscious mind are outside of an individual conscious
awareness, such as hidden desires and drives, early childhood memories as well. According
to Sigmund Freud the unconscious mind contains the things and desires which are not
socially acceptable. So, an individual might be avoid these desires by keeping himself away
from pain.
On the other hand the memories, feelings and thoughts that are not outside the awareness are
known as conscious mind. These thoughts and feelings leads an individual that how to
behave in society and how to think and behave as well? In other words we can say the things
which are inside of awareness are known as conscious mind.
Strength and Weaknesses
The concept of psychoanalysis is grew and influence most in the twentieth century. So that
it contains both strength and weaknesses.

Fixation

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SUBMITTED TO: MAAM SHAGUFTA SHAEEN

SUBMITTED BY: AYESHA RAZZAQ

There are the following five types of fixation,

Age range: birth to 1 year

Erogenous zone: mouth

Erogenous zone: bladder controlling

Age range: 3 to 6 years

Erogenous zone: genital

Age range: 6 to 12 years

Erogenous zone: sexual feelings inactive

Age range: 12 to till death

Erogenous zone: develop sexual interest

Fixation effect adult personality

These fixation stages cause the following problems in adult personality;

Oral stage fixation effect

Anal stage fixation effect

Phallic stage Fixation effect

Latent stage Fixation effect

How can Freud theory help in assessing our childhood conflicts?

Psychoanalysis is basically consist on theories of psychology and therapeutic techniques

According to psychoanalysis the individual practice self-realization and experience

Sigmund Freud is basically known as the founder of psychodynamic and

Conscious and unconscious mind

Strength and Weaknesses

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