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CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS:
KINSHIP, MARRIAGE,
AND THE HOUSEHOLD
Mhark Daniel C. David
12-Morgan
TODAY'S AGENDA
Nature of kinship, marriage, and household
Different forms of kinship by blood
Different forms of kinship by marriage
Concept of kinship by ritual or compadrazgo
Different types of families
Concept of kinship on politics in the
Philippines
4 PICS
1 WORD
7 letters
5 letters
8 letters
8 letters
6 letters
6 letters
9 letters
7 letters
7 letters
8 letters
ANSWERS:

1. Kinship
2. Blood
3.Ancestor
4.Marriage
5.Ritual
6.Family
7.Household
8.Culture
9.Society
10.Politics
INTRODUCTION
Kinship, marriage, and household are important key concepts in
the study of society and culture. Anthropologists and sociologists
examine these concepts across different cultures and societies. In
this lesson, you will learn about the nature and the different forms
of kinship. The nature and types of family and the different marriage
rules across cultures will also be explained. The last part of the
lesson discusses the nature of political dynasties and alliances as
examples of the politics of kinship in the Philippines.
What
is
Kinship?
WHAT IS KINSHIP?
Kinship is a social institution that refers to
RELATIONS FORMED BETWEEN MEMBERS OF
SOCIETY. It explains the nature and reason for
the formation of the different types of bonds that
exist within society. Sociologists define kinship
as the different forms of socially accepted
relations among people developed through
BLOOD or CONSANGUINEAL RELATIONSHIPS,
MARRIAGE or AFFINAL RELATIONSHIPS,
ADOPTIONS, and other culturally accepted
RITUALS or COMPADRAZGO.
Types of Kinship
Societies develop kin relationships
in different ways. It can be based on
BIRTH or BLOOD RELATIONS,
MARRIAGE, or through the acceptance
of RITUALS.
KINSHIP BY BLOOD
CONSANGUINEAL KINSHIP or kinship based
on blood is considered as the most basic and
general form of relations. The relationship is
achieved by birth or blood affinity. The
relationship existing between parents and their
children, between siblings, and between
nieces/nephews and aunts/uncles are examples
of this type of kinship.
Example
WHAT IS DESCENT?
Descent (DESCENDANTS) refers to the
socially recognized links between
ancestors and descendants or one's
traceable ancestry and can be bilateral, or
traced through either parents, or
unilateral, or traced through parents and
ancestors of only one sex.
PRINCIPLE OF DESCENTS
LINE AGES
Refers to the line where one's descent is traced.
In the study of consanguineal kinship,
descent is an important key concept.
Descent refers to a biological
relationship. Through the years, various
descents have evolved and
institutionalized.
These are descents that UNILINEAL,
PATRILINEAL, MATRILINEAL, and
BILATERAL in nature.
UNILINEAL DESCENT
Unilineal descent recognizes only a single
line of ancestors through males or females.
In unilineal descent, when a child is born, he
or she is automatically assigned in either of
his or her mother's or father's group. The
child in some societies is assigned either in
patrilineal or matrilineal group.
PATRILINEAL DESCENT
In a patrilineal descent, children are automatically

made members of the father's group only.
In this form of descent, only the males pass on to

their children their family identity.
MATRILINEAL DESCENT
In matrilineal descent, a children are automatically made

members of their mother's group only.
In this form of descent pattern, persons are related if they can trace
their descent through females to the same woman ancestor.
BILATERAL DESCENT
Some societies trace their descent through the study of both

parents' ancestors. This is called as the NONUNILINEAL or cognatic
descent principle. There are different forms of nonunilineal descent
principles, but the most common form of nonunilineal descent is the
bilateral descent. In a bilateral descent, kinship is traced through both
ancestral lines of the mother and father.
KINSHIP
BY
MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE
Marriage is an important social
institution wherein two persons, a man
and a woman, enter into family life.
During this process, the partners make
a public, official, and permanent
declaration of their union as lifetime
couples.
Kinship by marriage
AFFINAL KINSHIP or kinship
based on marriage refers to
the type of relations developed
when a marriage occurs.
Example
VARIOUS FORM OF
MARRIAGE
There are various forms of marriages, such as,
MONOGAMY and POLYGAMY.
MONOGAMY
Monogamy came from the
Greek words monos and
gamos which literally mean
"one union." It happens when
both married partners only
have one spouse each other.
POLYGAMY
Polygamy Occurs when one
individual has multiple
spouses; however, when it is
allowed, not all individuals
practice it as there are
economic obligations to be
met, such as paying dowry
and supporting the children.
( 2 TYPES OF
POLYGAMY
(A). Polygyny
(B). Polyandry
POLYGYNY
Polygyny happens
when one man is
married to more
than one woman
simultaneously.

POLYANDRY
Polyandry happens
when one woman is
married to more than
one man
simultaneously.
MARRIAGE
ACROSS
CULTURE
MARRIAGE
ACROSS CULTURE
Different societies have different sets
of cultural practices, norms, and rules
pertaining to marriage. Cultures across
societies have traditions, customs, rules,
and norms that determine how marriage
will be done.
ENDOGAMY
Endogamy a compulsory
marriage, in their own
village, community,
ethnic, social or
religious group.
EXOGAMY
Exogamy or out-marriage
refers to a marriage
custom where an
individual is required by
society's norms and rules
to marry outside of their
own group, community, or
social classes.
TYPES
OF
RESIDENCY
POSTMARITAL RESIDENCY
RULES
THE WAY THE COUPLE RESIDES
In the evolution of mankind and civilization,

people have used several types of residency to
live in a society. Patterns of residency include
NEOLOCAL, PATRILOCAL, MATRILOCAL, and
AMBILOCAL.
NEOLOCAL
Neolocal residence
occurs when a
newly married
couple establishes
their home
independent of both
sets of relatives
PATRILOCAL
Patrilocal rule of
residence occurs
when married couples
stay in the house of
the husband's
relatives or near the
husband's kin.
MATRILOCAL
Matrilocal rule of
residence happens
when the couples
live with the wife's
relatives or near the
wife's kin.
AMBILOCAL
Ambilocal residence refers to a pattern in

which a married couple may choose either
patrilocal or matrilocal residence.
REFERRED
MARRIAGES
AND
ARRANGED
MARRIAGES
REFERRED MARRIAGES
Referred
Marriage
happens through
the help of a
matchmaker.
ARRANGED
MARRIAGES
Arranged Marriages also
known as FIXED MARRIAGES.
In this kind of marriage, the
man or woman's parents,
community leaders, religious
officials, or leaders determine
the marital partner of the
individual.
TYPES
OF
ARRANGED
MARRIAGES
(A) CHILD MARRIAGE
Child marriage
happens when
parents arrange for
the marriage of their
child long before the
marriage takes
place.
(B)) EXCHANGE MARRIAGE
(B
There is a
reciprocal
exchange of
spouses between 2
countries, tribes, or
groups.

(C) DIPLOMATIC MARRIAGE

Arranged marriage has
been established
between 2 royal or
political families in
order to forge political
or diplomatic
alliances.

D) MODERN ARRANGED
MARRIAGE
The child's parents,
with the consent of
the child, choose
from several possible
mates.
KINSHIP
BY
RITUALS
COMPADRAZGO
Compadrazgo
"godparenthood" - ritualized
form of forging co- parenthood
or family. Done through the
performance of Catholic
rituals like baptism,
confirmation, and marriage.

COMPADRE KUMARE
Compadre or Kumare for the
kumpare for the female
male godparent. godparent.
FAMILY AND
THE
HOUSEHOLD
FAMILY AND THE
HOUSEHOLD
The family refers to "two or more people related by
blood, marriage, or adoption," whereas a household is
defined as "the basic residential unit where economic,
production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing, and
shelter are organized and carried out. The household can
have other members aside from the family. It also has
three categories: NUCLEAR, EXTENDED, BLENDED OR
RECONSTITUTED and OTHER SET UP.
NUCLEAR FAMILY
It refers to the "smallest family
unit consisting of one or two
parents and offspring, which may
include a children, siblings,
adopting children and biological
daughter. (Havilland, Prins,
Walrath, and Mcbride, (2008)." It
is believed that people belong to
two possible nuclear families,
either through ORIENTATION or
PROCREATION.
EXTENDED FAMILY
A family that extends beyond the nuclear family,

including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other
relatives, who all live nearby or in one household
BLENDED OR RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES
A blended family is a type of
family where the parents have
a child or children from
previous marital relationships
but all the members stay and
congregate to form a new
family unit. It is sometimes
called a step family,
reconstituted family, or a
complex family.
SINGLE PARENT FAMILY
The single parent family
consists of one parent
raising one or more
children on his own. This
family may include a
single mother with her
children, a single dad with
his kids, or a single person
with their kids.
POLITICAL
DYNASTY IN
THE
PHILIPPINES
WHAT IS POLITICAL
DYNASTIES?
A political family (also referred to as
political dynasty) is a family in which multiple
members are involved in politics — particularly
electoral politics. Members may be related by
blood or marriage; often several generations or
multiple siblings may be involved.
POLITICAL DYNASTY IN THE PHILIPPINES
POLITICAL DYNASTY IN THE PHILIPPINES
THANK
YOU!
Do you have any questions
for me before we end this
session?

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CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS:

In a patrilineal descent, children are automatically

In this form of descent, only the males pass on to

In matrilineal descent, a children are automatically made

Some societies trace their descent through the study of both

In the evolution of mankind and civilization,

Ambilocal residence refers to a pattern in

(C) DIPLOMATIC MARRIAGE

A family that extends beyond the nuclear family,

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