1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the nature and importance of the study, objective

of the study, scope and delimitation, definition of terms, significance of the

study, theoretical framework and conceptual framework.

Nature and Importance of the Study

Same-sex relationship, the practice of romantic activity between both

men or between both women has been present for a long time up until in

today’s society. It has been happening in almost all over the world and in all

walks of life, from famous celebrities to those normal private individuals. Yet,

to see a man dating another man or a woman creating a family with another

woman is still something arguable in our society. J. Boswell (1947–94), have

argued that same-sex unions were recognized by the Roman Catholic Church

in medieval Europe, although others have disputed this claim. Scholars and

the general public became increasingly interested in the issue during the late

20th century, a period when attitudes toward homosexuality and laws

regulating homosexual behavior were liberalized, particularly in western

Europe and the United States. Speaking of the United States, a polling in

2019 conducted by Pew Research Center revealed that majority of Americans

(61%) support same-sex marriage, while 31% oppose it clearly showing that

union between both men or both women is already being accepted in their

society.

In the Philippines however, the talks about same sex marriage is a

different story. The government does not recognize any form of same-sex
 2

union under any circumstance as marriage in the Philippines is defined as a

special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered

into in accordance with law. In fact, On January 6, 2020, the Philippines’

Supreme Court announced it had dismissed a motion to reconsider its

September 2019 ruling denying a petition to approve same-sex marriage in

the country, effectively concluding this case “with finality.” Also, Philippines as

a country where majority of the people are catholic, the stand of the church

with regards to this matter is equally as important as that of the laws of the

government. The Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines urges

followers to oppose same-sex marriage. The leaders of the Philippines'

dominant Catholic church have called on individuals and politicians to actively

oppose same-sex marriage, after new efforts by activists to have same-sex

unions legalized in the conservative nation. The Catholic Bishops Conference

of the Philippines (CBCP) issued a statement on August 2015 saying that

individuals should refuse to take part in ceremonies celebrating same-sex

relationships and politicians should resist legalizing marriages of homosexual

couples. A homosexual union is not and can never be a marriage as properly

understood and so-called. CBCP (2015). This statement has a lot of impact in

the country’s stand about same-sex relationship as majority of Filipinos are

catholic. Pascual (2015) stated that same-sex marriage in the Philippines will

not happen soon due to a survey result wherein 8 out of 10 Filipinos oppose

this said union. He added that due to the Roman Catholic faith that is

predominant in the country, the proposition of a law that will cater same-sex

marriage will be a bumpy work. Same- sex relationship is an idea that is

perhaps far from happening in this country because religion is still on top of it
 3

preventing it from happening. And the people, as faithful followers of God and

his teachings, are bond to obey him and believe that God only created man

for a woman. Nothing else aside from that. With these issues, this study seeks

to determine if same-sex relationship should be accepted or not in our

community as a new form of union both legally and sacredly.

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Objective of the Study

Generally, this study seeks to determine the level of acceptance of

VSU Tolosa 4th year students towards same-sex relationship.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following:

1. To identify the socio demographic profile of the selected students in

terms of the following:

1.1. Age

1.2. Gender

2. To determine the level of acceptance of the selected 4th year students

of VSU Tolosa in terms of the following:

2.1. Morality of same-sex marriage.

2.2. Equal rights towards family making.

2.3. Normalization to the family and society.

2.4. Legalization of same-sex marriage in the country.

2.5. Acknowledgement of the Church towards same-sex marriage.

2.6. Possibility for same-sex marriage to be legalized in our country for

the next decade.

3. To be able to formulate recommendation to improve level of

acceptance among the selected 4 th years students towards same-sex

marriage.
 5

Scope and Delimitation

The general intent of this study is to determine the level of acceptance

of 4th year students of VSU-Tolosa towards same-sex relationship.

This study is limited to 4 th year students of VSU Tolosa campus of

school year 2021-2022 and does not cover students from 1 st year to third year

of the same university.

 6

Definition of Terms

For a better understanding about the words or terms used in this

study, the contextual definition as well as the operational definition of the

following terms:

Sex: contextual definition: the state of being male or female;

operational definition: pertains to the state of being a man or a woman base

on the natural physical characteristics particularly in terms of the reproductive

organs and genitals.

Relationship: contextual definition: a state of connection between two

individuals either by means of kinship or by romantic or passionate

attachment; operational definition: the romantic connection between two or

more individuals maybe man to woman, man to man or woman to woman.

Marriage: contextual definition: the state of being united as spouse in

a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law; operational

definition: the process of unity carried out by the church.

Acceptance: contextual definition: the act of accepting something or

someone; operational definition: the act of recognizing same-sex relationship

in the society.

Level: contextual definition: a position in a scale or rank; operational

definition: how much same-sex relationship is accepted by the respondents.

 7

Significance of the Study

This study aims to understand how much same-sex relationship is

accepted by the targeted population.

This study is highly beneficial to the following:

Students: They will be able to express their stands about the

normalization of same-sex relationship.

Parents: They will be able to know more about same-sex relationship

and give advice to their children about these matters.

Community: They will be more aware and have more knowledge

about these issues and may help them in their stand about it.

Legislators: They will be more aware and knowledgeable of this kind

of relationship which may help them formulate new laws legalizing same-sex

marriage.

Future researchers: They will be able to conduct another study on

the causes why same-sex relationship is still thriving in the Philippines despite

of the in-acceptance of the government and the church.

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Theoretical Framework of the Study

This study is anchored to the following theories; The Natural Law

Theory by Plato, Queer Theory by Teresa de Lauretis (1990) and Gender

Theory by Halberstam (1998); Fausto-Sterling (2000)

The Natural Law Theory

According to Shetye, A. (2020), Natural law theory is a philosophy of

law that forces on the law of nature. This school of jurisprudence belief that

some ideals like morality, ethics, life, freedom are inherent law that are

common to all. This theory has been interpreted differently from time to time

depending upon needs of developing legal thoughts. There is not any

unanimous & clear-cut definition to define what actually a Natural Law is. The

development of natural law is a long and very complicated story. A reasonable

place to start with is the dialogues of Plato, for this is where some of the

central ideas are first articulated, and, significantly enough, are immediately

applied to the sexual domain. Plato stated that the unchanging truths underpin

the flux of the material world. Reality, including eternal moral truths. Even

though there is clearly a great degree of variety in conventions from one city

to another (something ancient Greeks became increasingly aware of), there is

still an unwritten standard, or law, that humans should live under. In the Laws,

Plato applies the idea of a fixed, natural law to sex, and takes a much harsher

line than he does in the Symposium or the Phraedrus. He writes about how

opposite-sex sex acts cause pleasure by nature, while same-sex sexuality is

“unnatural”. He also considers how to have legislation banning homosexual

 9

acts, masturbation, and illegitimate procreative sex widely accepted. He then

states that this law is according to nature.

Probably the best way of understanding Plato’s discussion here is in

the context of his overall concerns with the appetitive part of the soul and how

best to control it. Plato clearly sees same-sex passions as especially strong,

and hence particularly problematic, although in the Symposium that erotic

attraction is presented as potentially being a catalyst for a life of philosophy,

rather than base sensuality (Cf. Dover, 1989, 153–170; Nussbaum, 1999,

esp. chapter 12). This theory relates to the research topic as it discusses

about the natural way that an individual should act depending on their sexes.

Queer theory

Queer theory is a critical discourse developed in the 1990s in order to

deconstruct (or ‘to queer’) sexuality and gender in the wake of gay identity

politics, which had tended to rely on strategic essentialism. Opposed to

gender essentialism, queer theorists see sexuality as a discursive social

construction, fluid, plural, and continually negotiated rather than a natural,

fixed, core identity. ‘The representation of gender is its construction,’ declares

the Italian-American feminist theorist Teresa de Lauretis, who coined the term

‘queer theory’ in 1990. Queer theorists, foreground those who do not neatly fit

into conventional categories, such as bisexuals, transvestites, transgendered

people, and transsexuals. Existing movements which have been important

influences are feminism and post-structuralism (particularly the methodology

of deconstruction).
 10

Queer theory has itself been an important influence on cultural and

literary theory, post-colonialism, and sociology, and ‘queering’ is now applied

also to the ‘boundaries’ of academic disciplines. This theory is aligned to the

research topic because it discusses sexuality that do not fall under the

conventional categories. This theory had been used as a background in

understanding other sexuality aside from the common ones.

Gender Theory

Gender theory is the study of what is understood as masculine and/or

feminine and/or queer behavior in any given context, community, society, or

field of study (including, but not limited to, literature, history, sociology,

education, applied linguistics, religion, health sciences, philosophy, cultural

studies). The term sex refers to categories of the biologically observable

human body, female and male or intersex (i.e., nature), while the term gender

refers to the categories of social expectations, roles, and behaviors, feminine

and masculine (i.e., what is nurtured). Some argue, however, that even

biological sex is socially constructed and that masculine and feminine

behaviors may be rooted in physiology as well (Halberstam, 1998; Fausto-

Sterling, 2000). Gender theory developed in the academy during the 1970s

and 1980s as a set of ideas guiding historical and other scholarship in the

West. In social history it particularly thrived in the United States and Great

Britain, with far fewer followers on the European continent. Essentially this

theory proposed looking at masculinity and femininity as sets of mutually

created characteristics shaping the lives of men and women. It replaced or

challenged ideas of masculinity and femininity and of men and women as

operating in history according to fixed biological determinants. In other words,

 11

removing these categories from the realm of biology, it made a history

possible. For some, the idea of "gender history" was but another term for

women's history, but for others gender theory transformed the ways in which

they approached writing and teaching about both men and women. To some

extent it may be hypothesized that the major change brought about by gender

theory was that it complicated the study of men, making them as well as

women gendered historical subjects. This theory relates to this study because

it is the basis of understanding what is masculine and/or feminine and/or

queer behavior of a certain individual in a particular place and time.

 12

Conceptual Framework of the Study

This study utilized descriptive survey and the process being used is

through a survey questionnaire.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Demographic Descriptive Recommendation to

profile of the method using improve level of
respondents Survey acceptance and
Level of Questionaire understanding of the
acceptance through online community and the
towards same-sex forms. church towards same
reationship Gathering Data sex relationship.
Processing Data
Interpritation of
Data

Figure 1. Research Flow

The input shows the demographic profile of the respondents and their

level of acceptance towards same-sex relationship. It is followed by the

procedure used in gathering and interpretating the data from the respondents

which is the process. Finally, the output talks about the product that’s been

produced in the research process which is the recommendations to improve

level of acceptance and understanding of the community and the church

towards same sex relationship.

 13

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the review of related literature and studies which

the researchers have perused to shed light on the topic under this study.

Related Literature

Same sex-relationship has always been a top of talks all over the

world as more and more individuals are practicing it even with the disapproval

of society. Gay and lesbian couples, like normal man-woman couples, deal

with everyday ups-and-downs of close relationships. We now know that these

ups-and-downs may occur in a social context of isolation from family,

workplace prejudice, and other social barriers that are unique to gay and

lesbian couples. (Gottman, 2017).

During the past decade, various forms of legal recognition of same-

sex partnerships have developed in some parts of the United States (Purcell,

1998 and Human Rights Campaign, n.d). And in select countries, these civil

partnerships are the result of decades-long battle for equal civil rights fought

by segments of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT)

community. (Gay-Civil-Unions, n.d. and Goransson, 1998).

American’s acceptance of gays and lesbians as equal members of

society has increased steadily in the past decade to the point that half or more

now agree that being gay is morally acceptable, that gay relations ought to be

legal, and that gay or lesbian couples should have the right to legally marry

(Saad, 2012)
 14

Despite the availability of marriage like unions in selected locations,

the benefits available to same-sex couples in the United States were unequal

to those granted to opposite-sex couples. The rise in support for same-sex

marriage over the past decade is among the largest changes in opinion on

any policy issue over this time period. A new national survey finds that much

of the shift is attributable to the arrival of a large cohort of young adults – the

Millennial generation – who are far more open to gay rights than previous

generations. Equally important, however, is that 14% of all Americans – and

28% of gay marriage supporters – say they have changed their minds on this

issue in favor of gay marriage (Pew Research Center, 2013). Many same-sex

couples get married in a state or foreign country that recognizes same-sex

marriage. Some couples already happen to live in these marriage-friendly

places, and others travel there just to get married (Guillen n.d.). In fact, 29

countries have already legalized same sex marriage (Green, 2019).

In the Philippines, same-sex relationship is also frequent even though

the government still does not favor same-sex marriage. Conde (2017) stated

that the Philippines should join countries including the United States, South

Africa, Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay, New Zealand, Netherlands,

Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, and Ireland, all of which have enshrined

marriage equality in their laws.

Allowing same-sex marriage would enable gays and lesbians in the

Philippines to marry the person they love and would strengthen everyone’s

rights. From a human rights perspective, broadening civil marriage to couples

of the same sex demonstrates respect for the fundamental rights of equality

and nondiscrimination. It should be enshrined in Philippine law (Conde,2017)

 15

Related Studies

On a study titled Observing Gay, Lesbian and Heterosexual Couples’

Relationships: Mathematical Modeling of Conflict Interaction conducted by

John Mordechai Gottman, Robert Wayne Levenson, Catherine Swanson,

Kristin Swanson, Rebecca Tyson, Dan Yoshimoto revealed interesting

differences between heterosexual and homosexual couples in interactional

dynamics when couples discussed areas of conflict in their relationships. In

analyses of the uninfluenced steady states, we found that homosexual

couples began far more positively and far less negatively in the way they

presented an issue than heterosexual couples. Homosexual couples were

also more positive in the way they received an issue from their partner than

were heterosexual couples. Then, after the social influence process

proceeded, homosexual couples were more likely to maintain a positive

influenced steady state than were heterosexual couples. Finally, homosexual

couples were more likely to have influenced states in the positive-positive

quadrant of phase space than heterosexual relationships. Furthermore, our

results suggest that gay and lesbian relationships may operate on different

principles than heterosexual relationships with respect to power and affect.

Although there was inadequate power to test these results, the pattern of

results suggest that homosexual couples were more positive in their influence

on the partner in the positive affect ranges and less negative in their influence

on the partner in the negative affect ranges than were heterosexual couples.

Same-sex Relationship Experiences and Expectations Regarding

Partnership and Parenthood conducted by (Hank and Wetzel, 2018) revealed

that in several regards, gays and lesbians expect lower benefits and greater
 16

costs of being in a partnership, but not of being a parent. They further propose

that the latter finding results from same-sex parenthood still being a

comparatively rare event and expectations being formed on the basis of

heteronormatively shaped values rather than on experience. This is different

when considering romantic relationships. Even if partnership-related

expectations are partially influenced by the same structural constraints that

limit gay’s and lesbian’s factual opportunity to form a family, these

expectations might still exhibit an independent additional impact on

demographic outcomes.

(Trandafir and GREDI, 2009) conducted a study entitled "The effect of

same-sex marriage laws on different-sex marriage: Evidence from the

Netherlands". Netherlands is the very first country that legitimized same sex

marriage in 2000. According to her research, same-sex registered partnership

does not affect different-sex marriage negatively and the availability of an

alternative institution increases the different-sex union rate. This suggests that

there might be no negative effects on the institution of marriage from allowing

same-sex couples access to an institution that grants the same rights as

marriage but does not carry its traditional meaning. And second, granting

different sex-couples access to an alternative institution to marriage increases

the different-sex union rate, extending the economic and social benefits of

marriage to a larger group of individuals.

"Same-Sex Marriage and Legalized Relationships: I Do, or Do I?" of

Esther D. Rothblum highlighted some of the questions proving the importance

of same sex marriage. According to her, the increasing salience of legalized

same-sex couples raised political issues even within LGBT communities.

 17

Some of her contentions are "How representative are same-sex couples in

legal relationships of lesbian and gay male couples in general?", "Should

LGBT communities be advocating for institutions such as marriage?", "How

can we question such laws without coming across as reactionary?" and "How

can same-sex couples serve as a model of equality for heterosexual couples?

 18

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describe the research methodology and explain the

process on how the research instrument was use with the data collected in

order for the researcher to clarify their question to the respondents on the

level of acceptance of VSU Tolosa 4th year students towards same-sex

relationship.

Research Design

This study used descriptive quantitative research method. Quantitative

research is a numerical examination and interpretation of observation to

discover the underlying meanings and patterns of relationships, (Wyse, 2011).

Quantitative research method is use to find out and evaluate the level of

acceptance regarding same-sex relationship. Moreover, this study utilizes

Descriptive Research Design as it seeks to interpret the level of acceptance of

the chosen population regarding the above-mentioned research topic or

problem.

Research Instrument

This study utilized a researchers made survey questionnaire through

Google form. It seeks to gather data about the respondent’s level of

acceptance towards same-sex relationship. The research questionnaire in

Google form is composed of two parts; Part I refers to the profile of the

respondents as to their name (optional), age, and gender. Part II is the

questions concerning to how much do they accept the idea of same-sex

relationship in our society with a fixed scale included.

 19

Validation of the Instrument

The researchers used a researcher-made questionnaire and will be

validated through a pilot testing survey that will be conducted to the 4 th year

students of VSU Tolosa Campus Tolosa, Leyte.

This is to ensure that the questionnaire is understandable and can produce

the expected data outputs. The responses will be analyzed and modifications

will be made to serve the purpose of the study.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the randomly selected 4 th year

students of VSU Tolosa Campus in the municipality of Tolosa, province of

Leyte. It composes of 60 students of the said university.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the validation of the instrument, the researchers secured a

written or encoded permit to the administrators of Visayas State University

Tolosa campus to acquire the list of names of the 4 th year students as well as

their g-mail accounts as it will be used in sending the questionnaire for them

to answer.

Research Locale

This study has been virtually conducted on VSU Tolosa Campus Brgy.

Tanghas in the municipality of Tolosa, province of Leyte.

 20

Map of the Research Locale

Visayas State University

Tolosa Campus Brgy.
Tanghas Tolosa, Leyte

Figure 2. The map of the research local of the study.

(Source: https://www.google.com/maps)
 21

Statistical Treatment

Gathered data were subjected to statistical treatment tool/ techniques

to answer the research questions cover in the study. The following formula will

be used.

Percentage: The statistical formula will be used to determine the

percentage of frequency of the respondents according to each variable.

Where;

P = percentage of the frequency.

f = frequency items given.

n = number of cases or total number of the respondents.

Weighted mean: To analyze the mean scores of each item based on

the variable the following formula below as used.

Where;

n = number of cases /respondents.

x = responses obtained.

WM = mean score of each item.

Sample Standard Deviation

Where;
 22

Method of Scoring

The method of scoring is determined by the sum of all acquired

answers divided by the total number of respondents. It is interpreted by the

following mean as a result of all observation.

SCALE MEAN RANGE INTERPRETATION

5 4.26 – 5.0 Very Much Accepted

4 3.26 - 4.25 Highly Accepted

3 2.26 – 3.25 Moderately Accepted

2 1.26 – 2.25 Slightly Accepted

1 1.0 – 1.25 Not Accepted

 23

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter contains the presentation, analysis and interpretation of

data based on the objectives of the study.

Profile of Respondents

The profile of the respondents was determined to identify their age and

gender.

Figure 3. Age of the Respondents

Figure 3 shows that the percentage of age 18-20 as well as 24-26 that

has only 1 respondent for each was 1.67% and the lowest rank of all 3, the

age 21-23 has 56 respondents with a percentage of 93.33% with the highest

rank of all 3, the age of 27 above has 2 respondents with a percentage of 3.33

% and ranked 2 out of 3.

 24

Figure 4. Gender of the Respondents

Figure 4 shows that the majority of the respondents are female with a

total number of 38 while the male only a total of 22 respondents.

Morality of Same-sex Marriage

 25

Table 1. Acceptance of the selected students towards the morality of same-

sex marriage.

Items Mean
Interpretation Standard
Deviation
1. Romantically loving someone the 2.87% Moderately 1.46
same of your sex is not a sin to God. Accepted

2. Every person has the right to love 3.5% Highly 1.25

whoever they want, regardless of Accepted
their sexes.

Weighted Mean 3.2% Moderately

Accepted

Table 1 shows that majority of the selected students moderately

accept that same sex marriage is moral. The weighted mean of 3.2% clearly

shows that the students, though living in the 21 st century where society are

getting more liberated and accepting various kinds of relationship, are still

considering what our religion tells us about same-sex relationship which is

against the will of God and is a mortal sin. The bible defines marriage in

Genesis 2:24 as a union between one man and one woman. Jesus Christ

upholds this definition of marriage in Matthew 19:5, as does the Apostle Paul

in Ephesians 5:31. Any and all sexual activity which takes place outside of

this context is treated as sinful, what Jesus calls “sexual immorality” in Mark

7:21 (Wood, 2017)

 26

Equal Rights Towards Family Life

Table 2. Acceptance of the selected students towards the equal rights of

same-sex couples to have a family of their own.

Items MeanInterpretation Standard

Deviation
1. Same-sex couples have the right to 3.63% Highly 1.15
have a family of their own like normal Accepted
couple does.

2. Same- sex couple’s family should 3.43% Highly 1.28

be seen as equal as to the man- Accepted
woman couples have.

Weighted Mean 3.53% Highly

Accepted

Table 2 shows that the selected students highly accept that equal

rights should be given to same-sex couples in terms of having a family of their

own with a weighted mean of 3.53%. Homosexual people have a right to be in

a family. They are children of God and have a right to a family. Nobody should

be thrown out or be made miserable over it. What we have to create is a civil

union law. That way they are legally covered (Pope Francis, 2020)
 27

Normalization to the family and society.

Table 3. Acceptance of the selected students towards the normalization of

same-sex relationship to the family and society.

Items Mean Interpretatio Standard

n Deviation
1. I have friends and relatives who 3.4% Highly 1.38
engages in same-sex relationships. Accepted

2. The society should accept same-sex 3.53% Highly 1.29

relationships. Accepted

Weighted Mean 3.47% Highly

Accepted

Table 3 shows that the normalization of same-sex relationship in the

family and to the society is highly accepted by the selected students with a

weighted mean of 3.47%. According to a 2013 survey titled The Global Divide

on Homosexuality by Pew Research Center, our country has a high public

acceptance of homosexuals. It cited that 73 percent of adult Filipinos agreed

that “homosexuality should be accepted by society (J. Arias, 2019)

 28

Legalization of same-sex marriage in the country.

Table 4. Acceptance of the selected students towards the legalization of

same-sex marriage in the country.

Items Mean
Interpretation Standard
Deviation
1. Same-sex marriage should be 3.05% Moderately 1.24
allowed in the country. Accepted

2. The government should make laws 2.95% Moderately 1.23

legalizing same-sex marriage. Accepted

Weighted Mean 3% Moderately

Accepted

Table 4 shows that the selected students moderately accept the

legalization of same-sex marriage in our country with a weighted mean of 3%.

Majority of the Filipino people have conflicted views on this sexuality and

gender identity-based issue. This level of dysfunction has been agonizing as a

result of the friendship and kinship that we have with the LGBT community on

one hand versus our social and cultural mores and the moral conviction and

creed that we hold on the other hand. Not to mention that the current law of

the land, which regulates marriage (“The Family Code of the Philippines”),

clearly prohibits same-sex marriage. And this is compounded, ironically, by

the supreme law of the land (the “1987 Philippine Constitution”) since it is

open-ended on the matter as it neither discriminates nor prohibits same-sex

marriage (J. Tugong, 2018)

 29

Acknowledgement of the Church towards same-sex marriage.

Table 5. Acceptance of the selected students towards the acknowledgement

of the Church towards same-sex marriage.

Items Mean Interpretation Standard

Deviation
1. The church should acknowledge 2.92% Moderately 1.30
these kinds of union between two Accepted
individuals.

Table 5 shows that it is moderately accepted by the selected students

that the church should acknowledge same-sex marriage with a weighted

mean of 2.92%. This only shows that although our generation today have

widely accepted homosexuals, and recognize the existence of the “third sex”,

controversies and arguments still arise when homosexuals started proposing

the idea of legalizing “same-sex marriage” especially by the church. It has

received a lot of objection and opposition since it contradicts the accustomed

meaning of marriage as a “union between a man and a woman”. “The

Catholic Church has reaffirmed its teaching against same-sex marriage and

maintained that the family can only be formed by a union between a man a

woman” (PhilStar, 2015)

 30

Possibility for same-sex marriage to be legalized in our country for the

next decade.

Table 6. Acceptance of the selected students towards the possible

legalization

of same-sex marriage within the next decade.

Items Mean
Interpretatio Standard
n Deviation
1. 12. Same-sex marriage is likely to 3.06% Moderately 1.25
be legalized in our country before Accepted
2040

Table 6 shows that it is moderately accepted by the selected students

that same-sex marriage is possible to be legalized within the next decade with

a weighted mean of 3.06%. This translates that it is still improbable for same-

sex marriage to be legalized in our country for the next decade. It is because

most citizen of the Philippines are composed of Catholics. It has been our

tradition to follow the law of the church and the bible. Moreover, since the

laws of our government are also anchored from our religion, traditions and

beliefs, it is stated in the Civil Code that a woman is only allowed to marry the

opposite sex. On January 6, 2020, the Philippines’ Supreme Court announced

it had dismissed a motion to reconsider its September 2019 ruling denying a

petition to approve same-sex marriage in the country, effectively concluding

this case “with finality.” (Library of Congress, 2020)

 31

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter summarizes the research, as well as the findings,

conclusions, and recommendations of the researchers.

Summary of Findings

This study is a Quantitative Research that utilizes descriptive design

as a method in determining the level of acceptance of VSU Tolosa 4 th year

students towards same-sex relationship. The research instrument used was a

researcher-made questionnaire that contained a five- point scale option that

the respondents answered base on their assessment. The survey

questionnaire was disseminated through online to 60 random 4 th year

students of VSU Tolosa campus. Percentage, Average Weighted mean, and

Sample Standard Deviation were used as statistical treatments in analyzing

the data gathered.

On the profile of the respondents, the result of this study in terms of the

majority of age was 21-23 years old with a percentage of 93.33%.

Furthermore, in terms of gender, the majority were female with a percentage

of 63%. On the morality of same-sex marriage, the researchers find out that it

was moderately accepted by the respondents with an average weighted mean

of 3.2%. On the equal rights towards family life, it is evident that the

respondents highly accept it with an average weighted mean of 3.53%. In

terms of its normalization to the family and society, the respondents highly

accept it with an average weighted mean of 3.47%. Moreover, on the

 32

legalization of same-sex marriage in the country, the mean result was 3%

which translates to moderate acceptance of the respondents. In terms of the

Church’s acknowledgment towards same-sex marriage, the respondent’s

acceptance was only moderate with a mean of 2.92% while in terms of the

possibility for same-sex marriage to be legalized in our country for the next

decade, the mean result was only 3.06% which translates to moderate

acceptance of the respondents.

Conclusion

Therefore, same-sex relationship is accepted nowadays by the

younger generation and is now seen as equal as the man-woman

relationship. This is because the norms of the society that the younger

generation are now living is already different from what it is 30 or 40 years

ago. It is way more different from their grandma’s and grandpa’s kind of

society where a man should only love a woman and a woman should only

love a man. As social norms and moralities shifts over time, the younger

generation now acknowledge everyone’s right to love regardless of the

person’s gender and their right to have a family of their own. However, as a

catholic country, acceptance of same-sex marriage is a different story. Many

of today’s generation are still bound by what their religion says about

marriage, that it is only a man- woman onion. This study shows that the

teaching of the church still binds the opinion of today’s generation towards

same-sex marriage and still deem it inappropriate and less likely to be

acknowledged and legalized by both the government and the church.

Therefore, in this study, the researchers conclude that practice of same-sex

relationship is accepted by today’s generation but not same-sex marriage.

 33

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusion, the researchers hereby present

the following recommendations:

1. The society must be more aware and understanding about same-sex

relationship and give those people who are into it their due respect as a

human being and as a citizen of this country.

2. The government must create laws that will give same-sex couples the right

to have a family of their own even without legal marriage or to reconsider the

legalization of it.

3. The church must learn to accept these kinds of couples as what other

country does and possibly be able to practice same-sex marriage.

 34

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practice. Retrieved on: April 15, 2022.
 37

APPENDICES

Appendix A
 38

Transmittal Letter

Appendix B
 39

Letter to the Respondents

Appendix C
 40

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Level of Acceptance of VSU Tolosa 4th Year Students Towards
Same-sex Relationship
Part I. Demographic Profile
Name (Optional): _________________________
Age: _____
Sex: _____
Part II.
Direction: Put a check on the box that correspond how much do you agree or
disagree on the following statements.
Legend:
(1-Strongly Disagree) (2-Disagree) (3-Neutral/Undecided) (4-Agree) (5-
Strongly Agree)
1. Romantically loving someone the same of your sex is not a sin to God.

1 2 3 4 5

2. Same-sex relationship is not immoral.

1 2 3 4 5

3. Every person has the right to love whoever they want, regardless of
their sexes.

1 2 3 4 5

4. Same-sex couples have the right to have a family of their own like
normal couple does.

1 2 3 4 5

5. Same- sex couple’s family should be seen as equal as to the man-

woman couples have.

1 2 3 4 5
 41

6. I don’t see any wrong with same-sex relationship.

1 2 3 4 5

7. have friends and relatives who engages in same-sex relationships

1 2 3 4 5

8. The society should accept same-sex relationships.

1 2 3 4 5

9. Same-sex marriage should be allowed in the country.

1 2 3 4 5

10. The government should make laws legalizing same-sex marriage.

1 2 3 4 5

11. The church should acknowledge these kinds of union between two
individuals.

1 2 3 4 5

12. Same-sex marriage is likely to be legalized in our country before 2040.

1 2 3 4 5
 42

Appendix D

List of members

Block 76 Group 4

ARCE, CHRISTIAN PAUL R.

DUQUIATAN, MA. DEXY L.

REDUBAN, CLARICEL D.
 43

Appendix E

CURRICULUM VITAE

I. Personal Information

NAME: Christian Paul R. Arce

DATE OF BIRTH: February 5, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH: Dulag, Leyte

AGE: 22 years old

NATIONALITY: Filipino

RELIGION: Catholic

CIVIL STATUS: Single

CONTACT NUMBER: 0966165149

E-mail: [email protected]

PARENTS

FATHER: Carlito B. Arce

MOTHER: Mathelyn M. Rosales

II. Educational Attainment

ELEMENTARY: San Agustin Elementary School

SECONDARY: Dulag National High School

TERTIARY: Visayas State University Tolosa Campus

 44

Appendix F

CURRICULUM VITAE

I. Personal Information

NAME: Claricel D. Reduban

DATE OF BIRTH: March 20, 1998

PLACE OF BIRTH: Mayorga, Leyte

AGE: 22 years old

NATIONALITY: Filipino

RELIGION: Catholic

CIVIL STATUS: Single

CONTACT NUMBER: 09300766298

E-mail: [email protected]

PARENTS

FATHER: Celestino Reduban

MOTHER: Clarita Dumael

II. Educational Attainment

ELEMENTARY: Mayorga Central School

SECONDARY: Mayorga National High School

TERTIARY: Visayas State University Tolosa Campus

 45

Appendix G

CURRICULUM VITAE

I. Personal Information

NAME: Ma. Dexy L. Duquiatan

DATE OF BIRTH: March 27, 1999

PLACE OF BIRTH: Tacloban City

AGE: 22 years old

NATIONALITY: Filipino

RELIGION: Catholic

CIVIL STATUS: Single

CONTACT NUMBER: 09656658400

E-mail: [email protected]

PARENTS:

FATHER: Sergio E. Duquiatan

MOTHER: Ma. Theresa Lerios

II. Educational Attainment

ELEMENTARY: Liceo del Verbo Divino

SECONDARY:

Junior High: EVSU Main; Senior High: Palo National High School
 46

TERTIARY: Visayas State University Tolosa Campus