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Nationalism in 21 Century Bollywood: Mr. Jaydeep Padhiyar Mr. Milind K. Solanki
Nationalism in 21 Century Bollywood: Mr. Jaydeep Padhiyar Mr. Milind K. Solanki
Nationalism in 21 Century Bollywood: Mr. Jaydeep Padhiyar Mr. Milind K. Solanki
Abstract
Nationalism is as an ideology dealing with the idea of the nation as an ultimate
pride for its subjects. In-country like India, everything is plural and diverse nature,
region, religion, culture, language etc. And so its nationalism has many shades.
Bollywood is the world's largest film industry producing the highest number of movies a
year comparing any film industry in the globe. This paper aims to focus on how
nationalism gets duplicated by filmmakers in their films. Since Bollywood has a history
over more than a century, I have chosen selected films of the 21st century only.
Keywords: Nationalism, Bollywood, History, India
Nationalism is a concept dealing with the nation's sovereignty and pride within
the territorial boundaries. It is an ideology which deals with people of shared national
identity and characteristics. In general, nationalism is as an idea to promote the nation's
self-determination. It emerged in Europe in the seventeenth century. When capitalism
was raising, and bourgeois was trying to participate in government through democratic
representative systems. Nationalism in India developed as a reaction to colonial power
who were ruling India before 1947. The flowers of nationalism were blossomed by Great
revolt of 1857. For the first time in history, different rulers of India came together and
fought against the outsiders. As they all shared common identity and culture, they
reacted in a nationalist way. After that Indian National Congress gave air to nationalism
in India and especially after Swadeshi Movement lead by Mahatma Gandhi Indian
nationalism got a face, a leader to follow, a man who became a great national hero of
Indian independence.
Bollywood always mingled patriotism and nationalism in movies. And in the early phase
of it, 'Mother India' which recognized globally and get nominated in academy awards
opened the gate for such type of films. Following this Manoj Kumar came on the stage.
He with such iconic movies like 'PurabaurPashchim', 'Shaheed' and 'Upkar' gave
At the beginning of the new century, Indian cinema also gets a unique style, a
new way of expression, new stars and contemporary music. Nationalism which was
subject of serious patriotic treatments now shifted on sports. Cricket being the most
played game in India, become a medium to express nationalism and patriotism. The
Indian cricket team was doing well, and the new generation becomes crazy about it.
Sachin Tendulkar was by then already established as one of the finest players of the
game. Indian fans believe cricket as religion and Sachin as God. In 2001 director
AshutoshGovarikar came up with the movie 'Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India', a film
dealing with nationalism through the game of cricket as history is an inevitable factor in
nationalism like a poppy to an opium addict. Govarikar also gave his movie a historical
treatment by setting it in pre-independent India.
Britishers were imposing a hefty tax on villagers and a young man challenging
Britishers in the game of cricket. Ultimately villagers win the game by beating colonizers
in their own national game which the villagers even don't know to play initially. And as a
winner, they get a deal of three years tax-free. This historical fiction made a massive
impact on the audience that it gained national awards and earned the nomination to the
Oscar. Script wise the movie goes around the subject of nationalism, and its music
takes it even closer and closer. A.R. Rahman's composition and Javed Akhtar's lyrics
makes Lagaan a full-on movie of nationalism and patriotism. 'ChaleChalo' and 'O Mitwa'
are the songs which fill a new strength to the colonized villagers. Where 'O Mitva'
appeals listeners not to be afraid of any tyrannies, for the earth and sky belong to the
native people. And 'ChaleChalo' gives the message to be united and walk along with all
the confidence and strength.
No matter how thick the shoe sole is, it wears out. (Lagaan)
The same director came up with 'Swades' in 2004. Again a very nation oriented
movie, but this time he shifted from cricket to science. India at the time was enjoying
remarkable recognition in the field of science and technology under the leadership of
President Dr A.PJ. Abdul Kalam. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
developed as one of the groundbreaking space research organizations of the world. The
movie 'Swades' shows the scientific advancement of an Indian scientist who after being
trained in NASA returns to his motherland and works for the improvement of rural India.
The movie is undoubtedly a practical and reasonable effort to lit the candle of
nationalism into all Indians, especially the intellectuals and educated people who leave
the country and gives their services to foreign countries. At the same time, their nation
needs them for its sovereignty and development.
I don't believe our country is the best in the world, but I do think
that we have the potential and strength to make our country the best. (Swades)
This dialogue by the main character played by Shah Rukh Khan makes it clear
that the movie is not prioritizing the blind nationalism. Still, it instead accepts that there
are countries who are better than us, but we Indians also have the courage and strength
to make our country best. And this ideology, this thinking is I think the best example of
nationalism.
In the same year, 2004 director Farhan Akhtar came up with the movie
'Lakshaya' this movie was a tribute to Indian soldiers who fought in 1999 Kargil War,
said the writer and lyricist of the film Javed Akhtar in an interview. He visited Kargil so
he can write the script. As come critics say, an attempt of Javed Akhtar to express his
feeling of nationalism. The movie deals with the topic of a privileged, rich, aimless
young man who in circumstances of his uncleared aim ends up joining the Indian Army,
where he becomes a changed man. A man with a goal, a mature human being and a
There is a difference between them and us, and it should stay that way. It is the
Indian Army. We maintain decency even in our enmity. (Lakshya)
A billion people who trust us to stay awake so they may sleep. This
trust is a great honour and a great responsibility. (Lakshya)
Even now whose blood doesn't boil, then that blood is water, the youth
who doesn't serve the country is a waste. (Rang De Basanti)
These dialogues convey the primary function of the film, which is, of course,
nationalism. Now, this nationalism is quite different from 'Swades' or 'Lakshya'. This
nationalism is quite radical in tone, but at the critical situation, it has in action. For in this
movie, they fight against the government itself because for the sake of the nation itself.
The film is among the forerunner in charts among youth; activism started on the
internet, people started raising voice against corruption in the bureaucracy. In the year,
1999, the impact was observed Jessica Lall Murder Case protests started taking place
for justice.
Chak De! India came in 2007. Director Shimit Amin with a power pack script by Jaideep
Sahni brought a movie on Indian Women's Hockey. The film hit many marks at the
same time as women's place in sports, underestimation of their abilities, patriarchal
system and so on. But apart from this, the movie stands as a vision of a former Hockey
player to win the gold. His dream to make his country win the gold medal and get back
his and his nation's pride. And so he becomes the coach of National Women's Hockey
Team and trains them ending up by winning gold.
For every country, sports play a vital role for the spectators. For example, an Australian
can say that he is from the country who won five cricket world cups. A Spanish can say
that he belongs to the country where the F.C. Barcelona football team operates. It is
how people relate themselves to sports. Hockey is India's national game. In any
country, citizens have respect for their national competition. And so they wish their
country to be the champion of that game. This idea is a kind of nationalism which exists
in sports. And the movie Chak De! India brings this like anything.
I can't hear nor see the name of the states ... I can only attend one
country name I-N-D-I-A. (Chak De! India)
As these two dialogues suggest that the movie, through its character coach Kabir Khan
player by Shah Rukh Khan, presents a man who wants every player to be Indian first.
And then of her state. The nation should come first according to him. Because on an
international level everybody knows them as Indians. These two dialogues can travel
successfully in any situation where the encouragement of nationalism is needed.
Apart from the five milestones movies, there are movies like 'Airlift', URI-The Surgical
Strike' and 'Raazi' which has based on real incidents and their treatment as cinemas is
appreciable. As nationalism stands for nation's pride and sovereignty these movies
deals with some serious issues like 'Airlift' with 1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait, 'URI'
with the surgical strike operation of Indian Army in Pakistan, and 'Raazi' with a spy
operation during Indo-Pak War 1971. When a movie is an adaptation of actual events, it
gets more attractive because everyone wants to visualize the things that happened in
the past. And when such a movie arrives onshore, lots of people go on and on to see
the ship. That happened with these movies, and ultimately they produced the feeling of
nationalism and patriotism among Indian subjects.
This particular dialogue shows the main aim of nationalism where unity is the core
concept among the people of same identity and nationality. The movie deals this with
Indian expatriates in Kuwait who are in trouble because Saddam Hussain attacked
Kuwait.
'Raazi' is the movie which gave Indians a perfect patriotic song "Ae Watan" composed
by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy and penned by Gulzar. The song in itself is not some hard-
hitting extreme advocate of the Indian nation, but rather it deals with the idea of India's
pride and sovereignty in a very light mood. Film Companion's Sankhayan Ghosh of the
briefs,
Conclusion
History is something that gives the nation its identity. Historical changes are the reason
aback the emergence of nationalism. In these movies, society changes by when it
require nationalism occurs. It brings positive outcomes when it's inclusive, just like the
nationalism shown in the film 'Swades'. But when it goes exclusive, it can be a disaster
like the nationalism in 1930s Nazi Germany. But inclusive nationalism can be helpful in
nation-building like in some of the African countries did. That is something the world
needs. And that is a kind of nationalism which can help the nation. In a country like
India, where there is a vast diversity in religions, sometimes the wrong notion of so-
called nationalism takes place. The exclusive one. And that often gets resulted in riots
and religious tensions. We need to replace this notion with the inclusive nationalism.
And for that, every layer of society has to participate especially Bollywood, which can
make a significant impression on the masses.
Work Cited
Hobsbawm, E.J. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. 3rd ed., Cambridge, 1992. Print.
Bose, Mihir. Bollywood: A History. Lotus Collection Roli Books. 2006. Print.
Gowariker, Ashutosh. Director. Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India. Aamir Khan
Productions.2001.
Dhar, Aditya. Director. Uri: The Surgical Strike. RSVP Movies. 2018.
Gulzar, Meghna. Director. Raazi. Junglee Pictures, and Dharma Productions. 2018.
Ghosh, Sankhayan. “‘Ae Watan’ From Raazi Reminds Us That Patriotism Isn’t
Necessarily A Bad Thing.”Film Companion, 12 May
2018.filmcompanion.in/music/raazi-ae-watan-alia-bhatt-patriotism-song-
review/amp/.
Wikipedia contributors. "1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait." Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 24 Feb. 2020.
Jaydeep Padhiyar
Scholar and Translator,
Bhuj-Kachchh
&
Milind K. Solanki
Assistant Professor, Department of English, KSKV Kachchh
University, Bhuj