ENGLISH III - NOOOV 18 - 11 GERUNDS and INFINITIVES-2

GERUNDS and INFINITIVES
What is a GERUND? It is = the present participle (- ing) form of the verb.
Example : singing, running, dancing…
What is the INFINITIVE? It is = to+the base form of the verb
Example : to sing, to dance, to run…..
Whether you use a GERUND or an INFINITIVE depends on the main verb in the sentence.
The INFINITIVE…
1. Takes the base form of a verb

2. Can add an abstract philosophical meaning to a sentence
3. Is generally preceded by the preposition “TO”
4. They are rarely used as the object of a preposition
5. Verbs and expressions followed by INFINITIVE are mental state or activity … agree,
choose, decide, forget, remember, want, wish, aim, arrange, expect, hope, offer, plan,
prepare, promise, refuse, threaten , appear, pretend, seem…..
6. Vebs and expressions such as ask, learn, find out, wonder, want to know, decide, explain+a
questions word (who, what, how, where…etc)
7. Adjectives are commonly followed by INFINITIVES….examples : He´ll be surprised to
know the news…
I was disappointed to hear that you didn´t pass . it isn´t easy to learn English.
GERUND…
1. Is a form of a verb which ends in –ING

2. It sounds more natural and normal in many sentences
3. Is generally followed by prepositions
4. Can be used as the object of a preposition
5. Gerunds are used after prepositions …example : I am good at painting…
6. Gerunds are used as subject or the object of the sentence…example : smoking is bad for
your health. My job involves doing a lot of hours.
7. Followed by gerunds : verbs and expressions, likes, dislikes, ideas, opinions …
Examples : dislike, can ´t stand, enjoy, hate, like, love, prefer,admit, consider, imagine, look
forward to, recommend, suggest, mention, miss…
- Actions that begin, continue, delay, give up, start, stop, finish, keep, practice, spend,
Postpone, avoid, deny, involve….
SOME VERBS can be followed by a GERUND or an INFINITIVE with little difference in

meaning. Example : like, love, hate, prefer.
The GERUND is more common when you are talking generally
The INFINITIVE when you are talking about a specific occacion.
Example : I like going to the dentist
I like to go to the dentist once a year.
There are verbs that can be followed by EITHER INFINITIVE or GERUND WITHOUT A
CHANGE IN MEANING :
Start – she started to pain/painting

Begin – I began doing/to do it last night
Finish – she has already finished to do/doing the washing up
Intend – the school intends not opening/not to open the library next year
INFINITIVE or –ING form with DIFFERENT MEANINGS :
a)Forget/remember –( for an event or situation in the past) -

I will never forget riding my first bike
Do you remember learning to ride?
b)For something you should do/should have done –

Don’t forget to phone him
Remember to do your homework
c)Continue an activity –
They stopped but we went on walking
d)Change one action to another –

After a slow start, she went on to win the race
e)Regret, feel sorry about something you did/didn´t do –

I regret not studying harder at school
f)Say sorry in formal letters –

We regret to inform you that you have not been called for the interview
g)Stop /Finish an action –

Have you stopped doing your homework?
h)Finish an action in order to do something else –

I stopped to have a glass of water
i)Try /do something as an experiment –

Try turning it off and on again
j)Attempt to do something difficult –

I am not an electrician, but I will try to mend it.
GERUNDS are verbs that act like NOUNS. Sometimes they can come AFTER the main verb
in a sentence (when they are used as objects) or BEFORE the main verb (when they are used as
subjects )
Choose between these words and use the –ING gerund form of the verb (subject) :
Sleep, eat, cook, read, find, sing, smoke, talk, cycle, learn, fly, drink/drive, shop, swim, watch
1. …… lots of vegetables is important for good health.

2. ……a parking space is difficult in the mornings
3. ……to work is a great way to get some exercise
4. ……books and magazines can help you to learn English
5. ……is fun. I love making dinner for my friends
6. ……is a great activity that all animals do. However, did you know that cats sleep for two-
thirs of their lives?
7. ……is a great way to get fit, but I am afraid of the water
8. ……cigarettes is very bad for your health
9. ……TV is bad for my eyes. That´s what my mother says
10.……about other people and cultures is fascinating
11.……is my sister´s favorite hobby. She has a great voice
12.……and ……is a serious crime
13.……is boring. I hate shopping malls
14.……is not allowed during the exam
15.……makes me nervous. I prefer travelling by train
Choose between the words and use the –ING gerund form of the verb(object):
Skate, swim, hunt, drive, wash, dance, cook, surf, watch, read, ski, paint, cycle, fish, run
1. I often go to the beach on weekends. I like ……

2. Robert has a red sports car. He enjoys ……
3. My friends hate ……. They always eat at restaurants
4. Mary likes ……TV, but she doesn´t have a television
5. I bought a new bicycle last week. I love ……
6. If you like ……there´s a great book store nearby
7. Thomas enjoys ……with lots of different colours
8. Richard lives near a mountain, so he often goes ……in the winter
9. I dislike ……because I always fall down on the ice
10.Last summer, Jenny tried ……with her new surfboard
11.My brother likes seafood, so he likes ……
12.I really hate ……dirty dishes
13.Sam doesn´t like to kill animals, so he never goes ……
14.I don´t like ……because I am not a good dancer
15.I´m sorry, but I can´t go ……with you. I hurt my foot.
Choose the best answer :
1. My friend really enjoys ……books and magazines- to read, reading, reads

2. ……enough sleep is very important for good health – getting, get, gets
3. ……is not allowed inside the building. You should go outside – smoke, smokes, smoking
4. I love ……a cup of tea in the early afternoon – to drink, drink, to drinking
5. Larry insisted on ……to his lawyer after the accident – talking, to talk, talks
6. I really hate ……on holidays and weekends – working, to work, both of the answers
7. ……along the beach is a great way to relax – walk, walking, walks
8. Do you like ……Italian food? – eating, eat, both of the answers
Yes I do.
9. I´m tired ……on weekends. I want to change my job – to work, working, works
10.My cousin is afraid of ……on airplanes – getting, gets, to get
11.I apologized to my teacher about ……late for class – to arrive, arriving, arrive
12.Jennifer wants ……her friend in San Francisco next month – to visit, visits, visiting
13.We expected our boss ……us a holiday last week but he didn´t – gave, giving, to give
14.I need ……my clothes. Where can I buy laundry detergent? – to wash, wash, washing
15.Steven doesn´t know how ……so he takes a bus to work – to drive, driving, drives
16.I think that ……a second language is fun – learn, learning, to learning
17.My family and I really enjoy ……to the park on weekends – to go, going, both of the
answers
18.We decided ……to Italy and France on our summer holiday – to travel, travelling, both
19.I miss ……long walks along the beach – to take, taking, both
20.My mother asked me ……her clean the house – to help, helping, both
21.After a few more hours, it continued …… - to rain, raining, both
22.Do you feel like……to eat at a restaurant?- to go out, going out, both
23.I really don´t like ……because it feels like my nose will fall off! – to sneeze, sneezing, both
24.I enjoy ……some free time to read books or magazines – to have, having, both
25.I invited my friends ……to my birthday party next week – to come, coming, both
26.She started ……very quickly to her classroom – to walk, walking, both
27.Thomas wants ……at that restaurant because he likes Italian food – to eat, eating, both
28.Did you remember ……the email? – to send, sending, both
29.We agreed ……our car for a cheaper price – to sell, selling, both
30.Let´s watch that new movie.
No, I hate ……horror movies – to watch, watching, both

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GERUNDS and INFINITIVES

What is a GERUND? It is = the present participle (- ing) form of the verb.

Example : singing, running, dancing…

What is the INFINITIVE? It is = to+the base form of the verb

Example : to sing, to dance, to run…..

1. Takes the base form of a verb

1. Is a form of a verb which ends in –ING

SOME VERBS can be followed by a GERUND or an INFINITIVE with little difference in

Start – she started to pain/painting

INFINITIVE or –ING form with DIFFERENT MEANINGS :

a)Forget/remember –( for an event or situation in the past) -

b)For something you should do/should have done –

d)Change one action to another –

e)Regret, feel sorry about something you did/didn´t do –

f)Say sorry in formal letters –

g)Stop /Finish an action –

h)Finish an action in order to do something else –

i)Try /do something as an experiment –

j)Attempt to do something difficult –

1. …… lots of vegetables is important for good health.

1. I often go to the beach on weekends. I like ……

Choose the best answer :

1. My friend really enjoys ……books and magazines- to read, reading, reads

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