SOCIETY CULTURE

Chinese Housing Pattern

ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE
Introduction
Chinese architecture is an architectural style that
developed over millennia in China, before spreading
out to influence architecture throughout East Asia.
Since the emergence of the style during the early
imperial period, the structural principles of its
architecture have remained largely unchanged, the
main changes being only the high diversity of
decorative details.
Starting with the Tang dynasty, Chinese architecture
has had a major influence on the architectural
styles of Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Vietnam, and a
varying amount of influence on the architectural
styles of Southeast and South Asia including
Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
Laos, Cambodia and the Philippines.

Chinese Housing Pattern

BriefHISTORY
Walled compounds, raised pavilions, wooden columns and
panelling, yellow glazed roof tiles, landscaped gardens, and a
careful application of town planning and use of space are all
notable features of the architecture of ancient China.
Architects were influenced by ideas from India and the
Buddhism which originated there, but the buildings of ancient
China remained remarkably constant in fundamental appearance
over the centuries, inspiring much of the architecture of other
neighbouring East Asian states, especially in ancient Japan and
Korea. Unfortunately, few ancient Chinese buildings survive
today, but reconstructions can be made based on clay models,
descriptions in contemporary texts, and depictions in art such
as wall paintings and engraved bronze vessels.

Chinese Housing Pattern

 CityPLANNING
There the cities were laid out with wide avenues
and smaller secondary streets crossing each
other at right angles to create a carpet of
precise rectangles.
The entire area, some 8,000 hectares in the case
of the larger cities, was surrounded by a sloping
wall which could be up to 10 metres high.
Towered gates gave access to the city, with
Luoyang, for example, having 12.

Chinese Housing Pattern

 CityPLANNING
The location of individual buildings was often
decided based on the surrounding geography.
Many important buildings and royal palaces
were aligned on a north-south axis with the main
entrance facing south. If a building was
composed of different parts joined by
intervening courtyards, these were all aligned
on the same axis one behind another. Less
important structures were built on the east and
west sides of the main buildings.

Chinese Housing Pattern

 Values inARCHITECTURE
Buildings reflected Chinese values and ethics
Buildings were commonly separated by a families hierarchy When Buddhism was the primary
religion in China, the religious buildings had
feelings tranquility peace and introversion which was important to the religion Taoism
temples had the same serene feelings
Architecture opened to religious temples and alters for worshipping deities Architecture
was drastically influenced by religion and culture

Chinese Housing Pattern

Chinesehousing
The Three-bay house can be understood
to be the basic unit of Chinese homes.
Depending on the size and the wealth of
the family.
One common extension of the three-bay
house was the creation of a courtyard
dwelling.

Chinese Housing Pattern

Chinesehousing
The sizes of courtyard houses
vary greatly depending on the
wealth, size, and the taste of the
family.
Like the simple three-bay house,
the door of the main building faced
south.
Doorways to the east or west
could open into a garden.

Chinese Housing Pattern

 Chinesehousing
Uses of rooms in a typical two-courtyard house
Main entrance
Rooms facing the rear. The rooms facing the back, those
near the entrance to the courtyard were reserved for
the servants if the family was well-off.
First courtyard. Cooking was carried out here, and the
second courtyard was a living space. East and west-side
rooms, for the sons and daughters, or the sons' families.
Inner Hall. Where the members of the family greeted
guests or where family ceremonies were held.
Main building. Living space for parents. Small side rooms.
These used for children and extended family members.

Chinese Housing Pattern

plan
front elevation
section
STRUCTURE
Foundations
Most buildings are typically raised on raised platforms as
their foundations.
Vertical structural beams may rest on raised stone
pedestals which occasionally rest on piles.
In the simplest cases vertical structural beams are driven
into the ground directly.

COLUMNS
Huabiao is a type of ceremonial column iused in traditional
Chinese architecture.
Huabiao are traditionally erected in pairs in front of
palaces and tombs.
STRUCTURE
ROOFS
Three main types of roofs are found:
Straight inclined: Roofs with a single incline.
Multi-inclined: Roofs with 2 or more sections of incline.
Sweeping: Roofs with a sweeping curvature that rises at the
corners of the roof.

WALL AND Openings

dwellings and walls have traditionally been made of stone,
tamped mud or sun-dried bricks reinforced with straw.
the homes have traditionally been made with wood, brick or
woven bamboo.
Materialsused
materials and techniques used were:
pounded earth used for foundations pounded earth
timber was used for framing
bricks and tile were present
throughout the country

timber framing

brickS AND TILES

Chinese Housing Pattern
Materialsused
The most common building materials for
houses in China are earth and wood.
earth was used in the construction of
walls.
Earth can be pounded into shape or made
into bricks for walls.
For roofs, Clay is a fairly common
material for making tiles for roofing.
wood was used to frame houses

timber framing

Chinese Housing Pattern

 Constructiontechniques
The construction had to be able to survive
and be easily rebuilt depending on the
location of the site and the presence of
natural disasters such as earthquakes,
typhoons and flood disasters.
Wood was mostly used for construction
carried along the Yellow River and Yangtze
River where there was an abundance of
forests.

joineries

Chinese Housing Pattern

 the most common building type had
regularly spaced timber posts which were
strengthened by horizontal cross-beams.
The wooden posts supported a thatch roof in
earlier architecture and then a gabled and
tiled roof with the corners gently curving
outwards and upwards at the corner

joineries
Chinese Housing Pattern
interior and exterior space
space complex of traditional chinses house
Features ofAncient Chinese Architecture
the palaces with exquisite roofs to the elegant gardens, ancient Chinese
architecture has a style of its own, with unique features.

Wooden Construction Low Rise

Features ofAncient Chinese Architecture
Auspicious Colors Great Consistency
Features ofAncient Chinese Architecture
South Facing

Symmetrical Layouts
decorationelements in Chinese Architecture
Walls and eaves are often decorated, but particular attention is paid
to doorways and windows because these are places where good or evil
spirits were thought to enter.
Elegant decorative schemes would also provide
ventilation or shading.
Many openings would be covered with latticework in
an endless variety of patterns that "shape the wind" or
alter the way air flows into a home.
decorationelements in Chinese Architecture

One way to summon good

fortune is to invoke the
character fu.
decorationelements in Chinese Architecture

This character is often

represented stylistically
as a backwards swastika,
such as on the lattice work
to the left.
decorationelements in Chinese Architecture
tiger with the eight trigrams.
This is often hung above doors.
The eight trigrams are thought to
ward off evil influences.
In combination with the tiger's
fierce face, this image makes a
powerful amulet.
https://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/home/3intrhme.html
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%20common%20building%20materials,of%20which%20have%20positive%20assoc
iations.&text=The%20foundation%20of%20a%20house,in%20the%20construction
%20of%20walls
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biblography
 maaz multani 31
miloni sachade 38
miti patel 40
mohmed taaha khatri 43
hemal patel 56
pincy patel 62
ubedullah sheikh 79

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